安徽大学-研究生英语-课文summary-and-comment学习资料
安大研究生公共英语课文summary
Summary上册Unit 1 《how to read a book》本文的中心思想是我们读书也是有方法的，要读好书启发我们的心智，不然就是在浪费时间。
The main idea of this article is that we also have a method to read books, to read good books to enlighten our minds, oris a waste of time.因为人的生命时间有限，而一本好书的价值却可以流芳百世。
Because time is limited, the value of a good book will last forever.那么关于怎样读好书作者讨论了很多，其中谈到了关于文学评论和评论家的问题。
So there's a lot of talk about how to read good writers, and there's a lot of talk about literary criticism and critics.作者认为读书不应该仅仅看这些文学评论家写的书评而忽略了这本书本身带给你的感受。
The author believes that reading should not be about reading the reviews of these literary critics and ignoring how the book makes you feel.在你读诗的时候也会有人给你提建议，这群人自己造诣不高却喜欢批判一切，对任何事物都带有偏见。
You will also be given advice as you read the poems, a group of people who are themselves not very accomplished but like to criticize everything and have a prejudice against everything.对待这群人的最好方式就是置之不理，当他们感觉无法劝动你的时候他们就会放弃。
安徽大学研究生英语读写译 summary and comment 4个单元
------the pleasures of ignoranceThe author began this essay by telling the experience of waking in the morning and finding a fact that he knew practically nothing about any thing. The quantity of the things he knew was limited except his own experience. However he felt no depress about his ignorance,believing that ignorance would be the greatest help to one. Because sometimes memory is not reliable, ignorance does work at this time,for the ignorant man seldom make inaccurate judgment without making an investigation first. So the ignorance would lead us to learn more.As we know, the author’s attitude is solely and optimistic. But should we feel ashamed or pessimistic while realizing that we are ignoran t? Undoubtedl y,one’s knowledge can be out at elbows sometimes, but we can look up in a textbook or the encyclopedia etc. The information can be quickly accessed in various means. What’s more, there is no need toremember too much detail things,such as the mathematical formula, name s. If we always pay attention on those things,they will never be our prides but burden! So the answer of the question mentioned above is obvious.------Exercise is a state of mind“A sound mind in a sound body”,the author begins this essay by t elling a description of a happy state. And throwing out his own p erspective—body and mind healthy are linked together by exercise. Then the author exemplifies scientists’experiments as evidence to prove e xercise has great effects on our healthy. Regular exercise improves our m ood,decreases anxiety,improves sleep,improves resilience in the face of st ress and raise self-esteem. In addition, exercise may have something to do with gene in a certain degree. This may become a gentle nudge to enc ourage us to exercise. Last,the author believes that the type of exercise do esn’t matter too much,more important is the ability to sustain an ex ercise routine.I accept his view of attitude towards exercise. What we concerned is not the form,but to do or not to do. Nowadays,most of us spend too much time in doors,no willing and motivations drive us to do more exercise. As the saying goes: all roads to Rome. Any type and reasonsthat help you feel like exercise and keep you moving,you can insist on it. Besides,we should form the habit of exercise. Continuing exercise is good to our body and mind healthy.Summary and comment (unit 4)----Rags to rags,riches to richesFrom this essay,“American Dream”i s gradually fading with the development of economy,rather than opportunity as the crux, especially for the native. The idea that American is exceptional in its material opportunity is deeply lodged in the culture. And this also has brought so much motivation for the poor. But now pessimistic spirit has come to dominate the national consciousness and the stiffening of America’s economic is worse than the culture. what’s more,America’s dominant position among those western counties is also becoming unobvious, which also lead challenges among peers depend on their parents. So the real focus of an effort to restore social and economic opportunity in America is to get out of poverty. The author’s advice is paying more attention on education.A kind of culture held in esteem has its irreplaceable advantages. Such as American dream, struggle,risk ,self-determination and material progress are its representations. So the sate that rich children stay rich whereas poor children still stay poor can change. However,with the development of the society ,the change of the environment, the culture is hard to keep. What we need to do is to look for means to maintain the culture in order to be ladders out of poverty. I agree with the author’s advice——improve education.Because it’s effective although we need several generations.Summary and comment(unit 5)-----teaching our children about evilThe author began this essay by asking how to understand the definition of “evil”. In the body, creative and destructive potentials wereraised,which would effect people’s behaviors greatly.our creative potential is to enhance and enrich life,but destructive potential has the opposite result.In the end, with such what’s about evil, the author concludes the text by offering some hows as to teaching our children about evil.According to my understanding, on one hand, there is no absolute good or absolute evil. A thing can be good or evil or both at the same t ime;On the other hand, good and evil have no difference in size. We c an’t deny a thing is good just because it’s too small, such as picking up t he rubbish on the road. Or we can’t say a thing is not evil just because it is a small thing, such as spitting everywhere. Finally, I think good and evil can be transformed sometimes. We can’t say one is good or evil forever. In a word, good and evil is a complicated term. The relationship between them is so difficult to define.we should regard them from an ove rall aspect, don’t treat a thing or a person as good or evil too roughly.。
研究生英语第五单元课文Summary
Summary----Unit 5In the new studies,researchers see creativity in the use of new or unusual elements int a way that is meaningful to others ,rather than completely idiosyncratic.The studies seek to take the study of creativity out of the laboratory and to focus not just on brilliant achievements in the arts and sciences but also on creative acts in all realms of life.One goal of the new research is better understand just what allow a person's inventiveness in certain areas to blossom at some points in life,and to identify factors that stifle or encourage inventiveness.Scientists have found that while a propensity for an exalted state of elation often does spur creative acts,it is usually not those with manic-depressive disease who are the most highly creative.Instead,it tends more often to be family members who have no overt symptoms of disorder.Researches found that people who at different levels displayed different actions based on a study of lifetime creativity.Contrary to conclusions based on earlier research by other scientists,but rather their near relatives,many of whom have very mild signs of the disorder,or who exhibit no symptoms at all.In addition,elated moods let creative people have the drive and ability to execute their ideas.Many among the most creative people are not prone to manic depression and are not related to people with the disorder,the conditionsthat can enhance a person's creativity are being found by psychologists,such as novel circumstances,being engaged in tasks, children whose parents accepting of their creative efforts.However,the pressure of competition,or being watched while one works tend to dampen creativity and competition ,evaluation and surveillance all make people prefer the safest option,hesitating to explore more creative and risky possibilities.。
(完整版)《研究生英语综合教程》参考资料
Unit One力争第一那晚，我梦见了父亲，不过与其说它是个梦，倒不如说它是我对父亲的记忆。
“第一！不是第二！是第一!"父亲的声音从早餐桌的桌首传来。
我们四个孩子，一边两个，坐在10英尺长的柚木桌两边，神情严肃地专心听着。
母亲坐在桌尾那端，抬头望着父亲,脸上的表情既骄傲又焦虑。
她会不会是觉得无聊呢？那一年是1965年，我12岁。
“你们这些孩子必须得做第一名，而不是第二。
”父亲吼道，他黝黑的面孔因为吼叫而变得更黑了。
他竖起食指和中指,“只能是第……"他这时戏剧性地停顿了一下，在那一刻，他好像一个牧师在祈祷神示,他的四个孩子就像全神贯注听讲的教民,而母亲则像是教堂里虔诚的修女。
“第一。
”当他吼出最后这几个字时,他会弯起他的食指。
我父亲有一双巨大的黑手，修长漂亮的手指上长着椭圆形的指甲，指甲是那么大，好像手指上的风景画一样。
连着指甲根部的甲晕占据了指甲大部分，仿佛要侵蚀、威胁并吞掉指尖，乃至是整只手似的。
我一直想，他之所以当牙医是不是就是想把他那巨大的手指伸到人们嘴里乱搞,让他自己和他的病人们每天为他那精巧的医术所惊叹呢.很多年后，父亲对我说如果有个女人抱着孩子跑来声称他是孩子的父亲，那么他只需看看孩子的手就行了。
假如那双手不大,又没有巨大的指甲和像大海冲刷海岸一般的甲晕,那他就会赶他们走。
以前,我对父亲的记忆就是星期天早上的早餐会和他那双手,食指羞怯地弯着，只有中指竖立出来。
当他大喊“第一名”时，那只中指就好像长大了，挺出来，指着我们,鞭策着我们 -—-—我姐姐，林恩，15岁,我哥哥，史丹利，13岁，我弟弟，拉夫，9岁 -—-- 做到最好，勇争第一。
父亲那洪亮浑厚的嗓音从桌子那端传来,震彻着我们肮脏战栗的身躯。
当我醒来时，我又一次颤抖起来,但这次是因为空调开得太强的缘故.在纽约,空调是个奢侈品，但在华盛顿就是必需品了。
我起来将空调的温度调高了点，看了看米素，点了根烟，想着刚才的梦.我从未和家人去教堂做过礼拜。
安徽大学研究生英语上册summary—原创
安大研究生英语上册summaryUNIT1Josph Brosky puts himself very clearly in the text.how to read a book.Many books are less limited than ourselves,many writers write a good book through all their lives.therefore,in literature good is defined by its distinction from bad.our readers ought to pick up good books that bring the human predicament into its sharpest possibly focus.the man so called literary criticism all have their limit.the writer accounts poem an a way to develop good taste in literature. he think it as the supreme form of human locution .for it isconcise and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation.A man who used to read poetry may have no interest in bad prose.The writer explain his opinion clearly in the text lies.the text can be divided into three parts.Although we all be taught not tu tell lies since our childhood.we can not deny the fact that people tell lies from time to time for different reason.People may tell white lies ro protect their friend, their friend,their family,or even just for themselves.Religions always tell lies to offer people the hope of life. the government may tell lies to ensure their manipulate of encomy .Lies around us everywhere ,it directs our thoughts and actions everyday and we may never doubt big lies to comfort ourselves.most people want sth moreconsoling than terrible facts.peopleneed big lies because lying disguses our morlatity,our indueques ,our fears and anxiety ,our loneliness in the midst of crowd ,we can nor live without lies. John F. kennedy is the 35th president of America.He gave this speech on his inaugural day.I think this exciting inaugural address can be divided into three parts.In the first part,K commit to do what the oath said although the world is different.Heshou his comfidence to maintain human rights and the sucdess of liberty.He speaks to many kinds of people in the second part.he pledge the loyality offairhful friend,shouws whlcome to the new states ,and pledge them besr efforts to help the struggling national,he offers a special pledge to the south of America that he hopes to convent good words into good deeds.he renews his pledge of support to the United Nations.he even speaks to their hostile state for peace.In the third pare,he calls for citizen to do sth”Ask not what Amer ica will do for you,but whar together we can do for the freedom of man”In the article ,the writer light the necessity for recession-proofing our career and gives his stratergies for recession proofing our career.he thinks our world as a TempWorle .everyone of us may be influenced by it,so all of us should be a career activist .The first strategy is to ensure our employability.he adviced us to currency ability,then create a fallback position in case we have to change our mind-set.knowing our key skills will help us to know ourselves well.being prepared for areas of competence will shorten the time we stepping in a new filed .he also advice us to build a knowledge netork and market ourselves in an opporiate way.As for our thought,we should learn to feel good about ourselves and to act ambitiousResilience is very important for every of us .At last,saty culturally current will benefits us a lot no matter in what case.。
研究生英语教材下summary
“The End of Something", written by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story about two young people who witness how time can change the world and the people in it.Firstly, the essay describes a town which once very prosperous due to the lumbering, then as time goes by, there were no more logs to make lumber, the mill almost become ruins. Secondly, two lovers, Nick and Marjorie row along the shore. They watch the view, talk and fish to eat. Their relationship used to be flourished. But in the present of the story, Nick and Marjorie have grown apart, they cannot relate as much to each other anymore. At last, Marjorie left; leaving Nick alone, thus led to the theme “the end of something”.The broken mill represents Nick and Marjorie's broken relationship. All what has happened due to the time, things can be changed by the time while we are not aware of. So what should we do? In my opinion, we should cherish all the things around us and make the most used of them. It is not empty words, but must into action, and only in this way can we not regret it when the things leave away from us.The author began the article by telling the experience of waking in the morning and finding him practically ignorant of anything. The author felt pitiable yet not necessarily so depressed about his current store of knowledge .He began to count what he knows and what he is ignorant of. However, it suddenly occurred to him that he is not the only one who is ignorant because no one can know everything, and it is no need for doing that. He is happy that he may be the only one who can face up to the ignorance.Being ignorant is not so much a shame, as being unwilling to learn, and it is the ignorance that leads us to learn more. As it is said that he must be very ignorant for he answers every questions he is asked.，so we should continue to learn to compensate for our ignorance instead of being overwhelmed by it.Unit 3 Exercise is a state of mind “A sound mind in a sound body is a short, but full description of a happy state in this world”. Nowadays research suggests that there is deep link between body and mind health in order to achieve happy state of mind.In this way, exercise is a state of mind.The author used scientists’ experiments as evidence to show that exercise has exerted great effects on people’s mind health. Regular exercise can improve mood, decrease anxiety and relieve depression. On the other hand, exercise is under genetic control. Genes can influence people’s responses to exercise. In the end, the author advises us to form the habit of exercise. And you needn’t speed too much time on it. Continuing exercise is good to your body and mind health.From the article, we all learn that only a person with regular exercise can have a physical and spiritual health and can overcome pressure and make himself perfection. Whoever finds the starter motor, the genetic wellspring of motivation, he will have found a key to good health. So, just do it from now on.Summary and Comment （unit4）The article begins with the faith that people in American used to believe that “opportunity is the crux of the American ideal”, which makes people think that with hard work and self-determination, they are sure to succeed and realize their dreams. But in recent yearsthe traditional doctrine of “American dream”is seriously challenged, with regard to the economic development. Most important of all, the economic mobility in America is getting lower and lower as compared to any other western country. At last, the rich people stay rich while poor people stay poor, and the effective way may be to improve education, which will definitely have a great effect on economic mobility across generations.It is no doubt that America is a developed country, with its developed economy and service business, but it has many problems together, even more serious than the developing country, so we may not only see its prosperity but also should realize its defect. Everything has two sides, and we should not be confused by its surface.Summary and Comment （unit5）The article firstly questioned how to define the “evil”, and what’s the humanist understand about “evil”. Then the author distinguishes creative and destructive potentials, and then finds social forces that may activate destructive potentials. In the end, with such what’s aboutevil, the author concludes the text by offering some how as to teaching our children about evil.It is probably safe to say that language has a pair of words expressing good and evil. But what really is good, and what really is evil? The answer may vary from people to people, and culture to culture. Actually, the evil and good are relative, they could not exist without each other, there is no absolutely bad man, and also no saint. As boys and girls, we are taught to do good, not evil. To prevent evil, we cannot only attend to our self, but also think about others’feeling, always put yourself into other’s shoes, if it hurt you, it may hurt other person, too. So we should turn our destructive impulse into creativity, to help others in need.。
大学英语教材课文summary
大学英语教材课文summaryIn the university English textbook, there are various texts that cover different topics and genres. These texts serve as valuable materials to improve students' English proficiency and broaden their knowledge. In this summary, we will take a closer look at the key points and main ideas of some selected texts in the textbook.Text 1: "A Journey to the West""A Journey to the West" is a classical Chinese novel written by Wu Cheng'en. It tells the story of a monk named Xuanzang and his disciples as they embark on a perilous journey to retrieve Buddhist scriptures from India. Throughout their adventure, they encounter numerous trials and tribulations, but also gain valuable insights and spiritual enlightenment.This text explores themes such as the power of faith, the importance of perseverance, and the significance of teamwork. It also introduces readers to Chinese mythology, folklore, and Buddhist philosophy. Through the lively and often humorous narrative, readers can gain a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and traditions.Text 2: "Climate Change: A Global Challenge""Climate Change: A Global Challenge" discusses the impact of climate change on our planet and the urgent need for collective action. It provides an overview of the causes and consequences of global warming, as well as measures taken to mitigate its effects.The text highlights the role of human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, in accelerating climate change. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices and renewable energy sources to combat global warming. Furthermore, it calls for international cooperation and policy changes to address this pressing issue.Text 3: "The Importance of Critical Thinking""The Importance of Critical Thinking" presents the significance of developing critical thinking skills in today's society. It emphasizes the ability to question, analyze, and evaluate information critically, rather than accepting it at face value.The text provides examples of how critical thinking can be applied in various aspects of life, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and evaluating arguments. It also highlights the connection between critical thinking and academic success, as well as its relevance in professional careers.Text 4: "Exploring Cultural Diversity""Exploring Cultural Diversity" delves into the concept of cultural diversity and its importance in fostering understanding and harmony in a globalized world. The text discusses the influence of culture on individuals and societies, and the need to embrace diversity rather than view it as a threat.Through examples of different cultural practices, traditions, and beliefs, the text promotes cultural tolerance and appreciation. It encourages readersto challenge stereotypes and prejudices, fostering empathy and respect for diverse perspectives.Overall, the university English textbook offers a diverse range of texts that cover various topics and themes. From exploring classical literature to addressing contemporary global challenges, these texts provide valuable insights and knowledge to students. By summarizing and understanding the main ideas and key points of these texts, students can deepen their understanding of both the English language and the world around them.。
2011年安大研究生英语上册英语课后题及答案
第一单元II. Vocabularydimension paradox semblance lousy reckonStance vulnerability idiosyncrasy disciplinary debunk1.It was only later that the aesthetic of literary study became emphasized with anaccompanying concentration on the fictional genres.2.Some might think this a rather approach to a primarily theoretical topic, but it seemsappropriate to this book.3.But we now have to with the fact that the peculiar essence of a human being isrationality, that is, each human essence is some particular form of rationality.4.The that local leaderships had taken had enormous public support, expressed both inthe number prepared to take part in public meetings and in opinion polls.5.Sometimes it's difficult to separate out the consequences of abuse per se from theconsequences of ________ emotional environment, or from the consequences of neglect and deprivation.6.It is the ultimate ________ of this highly academic school of fiction that it defies all the usualrules of academic scrupulosity, as if fiction were a breaking-out, a holiday from cares.7.There are numerous ways to ________ the myths, not the least of which is to simply stop andthink carefully about them.8. A governing, advisory, or ________ body of some colleges and universities composed offaculty members and sometimes student representatives.9.In spite of efforts to give some ________ of fair treatment to the ordinary sailor, no radicalimprovement in the methods or rate of payment was made until after the mutinies of 1797. 10.People with disabilities and other ________ populations should develop their ownemergency plans as well as establish support groups at community level.III. Phrasesin more ways than one act in on the take (with) head formay (might) as well arm with to sb’s credit put on1.In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that ―industry is caught in a webof bribery‖ and that everyone is ―________‖.2.Seconds after his name was called Saturday night, he hugged everyone important in his life— coaches and family — let out a deep, deep sigh and ________ the podium.3.Woods realized the investors were mostly interested in their net worth and that any increasein their net worth would be ________ in the eyes of his benefactors.4.The cupboards are useful for ______ a reading lamp ______, and of course a dressing table isimportant, with a nice big mirror for doing your hair and ________ the make-up.nguage tests ________ involve objective tests as well as subjective tests, which can fullydemonstrate testees’ linguistic competence.6.An Air Force B-52 bomber was reported to fly across the central United States yesterday with six cruisemissiles ________ nuclear warheads.7.Venice is fragile ________; it is so unique that it requires a special kind of protection.8.The new Act also allows a director of a subsidiary to ________ the best interests of itsholding company even when it may not be in the best interests of the company.V. Clozeexpect drive unimpeachable industrial evaluateperspective shape chiefly objectivity sponsoraffiliation hierarchies acknowledgment support desperateKnowing who wrote a book helps you judge its quality and understand its full significance.Authors are people. Like anyone else, their views are ____1____ by their educations, their jobs, their early lives, and the rest of their experiences. Also like anyone else, they have prejudices, blind spots, ____2____ moments, failings, and desires --- as well as insights, brilliance, ____3____, and successes. All of this comes into play.Most authors belong to organizations: universities, corporations, governments, newspapers, magazines. These organizations each have distinct cultures, ____4____ of power, and social norms. Organizations shape both how a work is written and the content of what it says. For example, university professors are ____5____ to write books and/or journal articles in order to get tenure. These pieces of writing must meet certain standards of quality, defined ____6____ by other professors; for them, content usually matters more than good writing. Journalists, by contrast, are often ____7____ by deadlines and the need to please large audiences. Because of this, their standards of quality are often directed more toward clear and engaging writing than toward ____8____ content; their sources are usually oral rather than written.The more you know about the author and his/her organization, the better you will be able to ____9____ what you read. Try to answer quest ions like these: what shaped the author’s intellectual ____10____? What is his or her profession? Is the author an academic, a journalist, a professional (doctor, lawyer, ____11____ scientist, etc.)? Expertise? Other books and articles?Intellectual network(s)? Gender? Race? Class? Political ____12____? Why did the author decide to write this book? When? For what audience(s)? Who paid for the research work (private foundations, government grant agencies, industrial ____13____, etc.)? Who wrote ―jacket blurb s‖ in ____14_____ of the book?You can often (though not always) learn about much of this from the ____15____, the bibliography, and the author’s biographical statement.Exercise: Translate the following Chinese into English or English into Chinese.1. Why are some people argumentative and domineering, while others are shy and hesitant? … Why are some people greedy, selfish, and cynical, while others are easy to get along with?2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly acceleratedprogram for scientific and technological co-operation, aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation.(from the United Nations documents)3. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.4. In his autobiography, Darwin points out modestly that he always experienced much difficulty inexpressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation.当前，正在进行以课程教材改革为核心的教育改革，改革的中心目标是变应试教育为素质教育。
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上册Summary of Unit 2(Recession-proofing your career)in the text, the author firstly tries to tell us that guaranteed jobs have already become history. These days,no matter what our official employment status,we are all temporary workers. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from change and economic upheaval, by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively. She then suggests some skills.She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents, making sure that a wide range of positions are available to you, and never committing to any “hot job”which exceeds either your interest or talent. Moreover, you should cultivate and maintain an active network both inside and outside of your profession, to “market” yo urself, to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job.Finally, always follow work trends.I am bound to face the work dilemma in the future sooner or later. I quite agree with the author’s opinion. There is no reason for us to stop learning when we are working. The author’s suggestions will help me much in the foreseeable future.翻译：在文中，作者首先试图告诉我们，保证工作已经成为历史，如今，不管我们在职场从事的是什么工作，我们都只是临时工。
但是你可以学习一些技能来更有效地规划自己的事业，使自己免受变化和经济震荡的影响。
她提出一些技能。
她建议，发现你的显性和隐性的人才，确保广泛的职位提供给你，决不承诺任何“热门工作”而超过你的兴趣或才能。
你应该在自己的行业内外建立和维持一个活跃的人际网络，来“推销”自己，说服雇主，你是最合适的求职者。
最后，总是遵循工作趋势。
我迟早要面对这个工作的窘境。
我完全同意作者的观点。
当我们工作的时候，我们没有理由停止学习。
作者的建议将在可预见的将来，我有很多的帮助。
Summary of Unit 3(Lies)People usually have very negative views regarding lies. Liars are frequently criticized, even cursed. Yet this passage exemplifies a different perspective, one which cruelly reveals the fact that everyone tells lies. We can not live without lying and the lies direct out thoughts and the truth. We need our lies to mask our fear and anxiety about life and death----about the many things we do not understand and control. Lies make us feel superior to other species. Religions abound with myths and tales, which are basically lies that provide human beings with a sense ofsafety. People need big lies, because lying disguises our mortality, our inadequacies, our fears and anxieties, our loneliness in the midst of the crowd.I just agree the author’s views in a certain degree. People say some white lies, but it is moral problems if a person always tells lies . No one would like a man who never speaks the truth. Lies can not make our life, also can not let the world better. Which can make the world better only the more beautiful heart.翻译：人们通常对谎言有很消极的看法。
骗子经常被批评，甚至被诅咒。
然而，这篇文章是一个不同的视角，一个残酷的事实，揭示了永远人都说谎。
我们不说谎就无法生存。
谎言指导我们的日常思想和行动，构成我们的“现实”。
我们需要用谎言掩饰我们对生死，对许许多多我们不能理解、不能控制事物的恐惧和焦虑。
谎言让我们感觉到比其他物种更优越，宗教与神话和传说有关，这基本上是为人类提供的安全感。
人需要谎言，因为说谎掩盖了人的必死性，缺陷，恐惧，焦虑，以及在熙熙攘攘的人群中所感到的孤独。
我只在一定程度上同意作者的观点，人们会说一些无伤大雅的小谎言，但是如果一个人总是说谎就是品德有问题。
没有人会喜欢满嘴胡言的人。
谎言无法构成我们的生活，也不会让世界更美好，能让世界更美好的只有更美好的心灵。
下册Summary of Unit 1(When Goodness Isn’t Good Enough)In this paper, the author first gives the definition of goodness. Then he suggest that in the modern world, goodness suffer. Because the modern world has broken the limit on the needs to which i can respond. It has broken the limits on the demands that can be made upon me. But it hasn’t broken the limits on my time and my energy. So , we may put on blinders and refuse to recognize the unmet needs within ourselves,in our loved ones,and in the world at large. I need to find a way to live within those limits----shamelessly, guiltlessly, with a sense of well being and self-worth. Finally , the author proposed a new vision of the good life. It’s a vision in which each person finds her or his own special passion, makes that the center of a single open-ended commitment,and says to all other good causes:”this far and no farther.”I basically agree with the author's point of view. Now society is too busy, and in the care of others, we should first do our own thing.翻译：在文中，作者先给出了过去好人的定义。
接着，作者提出在现实世界中，好人的日子可不好过。
因为现代世界人们对需求的回应似乎没有尽头，对人们的要求也没完没了。
而人们的时间精力是有限的。
所以对那些我们自己，所爱的人，以及整个社会难以实现的愿望不妨带上眼罩——视而不见。
我们需要找到一种方法，使得我们能在“力不从心”的限制中泰然处之——既无羞愧之心，也无负罪之感，怡然自得，知足而乐。
最后作者提出了“善良人生”的新观点：那就是每个人先确定自己对哪些事情最有热情，再围绕这些事情制定一项长远目标，然后对其它的伟大事业挥手止步。
我基本同意作者的观点。
现在社会太繁忙了，在关心别人之前，我们首先应该做好自己的事情。
Summary of Unit 2(The Pleasures of Ignorance)In a general sense, ignorance is a derogatory word.But in this article, the author puts forward a different point of view: ignorance also have pleasure.first，he suddenly realized that outside of the range of his immediate experience,and such deductions of cause and effect as seem to be constant when he come into contact with them,he know next to nothing----and that at the end of an elaborate and costly education. Then , he say that his ignorance dose him no harm. In fact , such a premium has our civilization put upon ignorance; he get along very comfortably indeed.No matter how hard we learn, we can’t learn to the end of knowledge. So we are all ignorant in this sense. Ignorance is not a shame, it is a shame that you do not acknowledge your ignorance.So in my opinion, whether our ignorance is good or bad, our attitude is a crucial factor.翻译：在一般意义上，无知是一个贬义词。