软件工程简答题

1) A web service is a standard approach to making a reusable component available and accessible across the web2)activity-location matrix:Rows are system activities from event table、Columns are physical locations3)Alpha version – incomplete testing version4)Ambiguous requirements interpreted in different ways by developers and users.5)Ambiguous requirements interpreted in different ways by developers and users.6)Beta version – end-user testing version7)CASE’s fullname is Computer-Aided Software Engineering.8)Client/Server Architecture Advantage – deployment flexibility9)Client/Server Architecture Disadvantage – complexity10)Client/server divides programs into two types:Server、Client.11)Cohesion – qualitative measure of consistency of functions within a single class12)Controls are needed for all other design activities:User interface、System interface、Application architecture、Database and Network design.13)CORBA is an international standard for an Object Request Broker - middleware to manage communications between distributed objects.14)Coupling – qualitative measure of how closely classes in a design class diagram are linked15)CRUD – create, read, update, and delete16)Data dictionary is repository for definitions of data flows, data stores, and data elements17)Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are decomposed into additional diagrams to provide multiple levels of detail18)Deployment environment definition bridges analysis and design:Hardware、System software、Networking19)Design class diagram specifically defines software classes20)Design is process of describing, organizing, and structuring system components at architectural design level and detailed design level21)Design process activities include Architectural design、Abstract specification、Interface design、Component design、Data structure design、Algorithm design 22)Domain model class diagram shows conceptual classes in users’ work environment23)Early increments act as a prototype to help elicit requirements for later increments.24)Engineers should be aware of local laws governing the use of intellectual property such as patents, copyright, etc.25)Examples of process perspectives are Workflow perspective、Data-flow perspective and Role/action perspective26)First-cut design class diagram is based on domain model and system design principles27)Functional user requirements may be high-level statements of what the system should do but functional system requirements should describe the system services in detail.28)Generic activities in all software processes are Specification、Development、Validation and Evolution29)Generic process models are Waterfall、Iterative development andComponent-based software engineering30)Important part of testing is specifying test cases and test data31)In principle, requirements should be both complete and consistent.32)In principle, requirements should be both complete and consistent.33)Integration Testing tests the behavior of a group of modules or methods34)Internet – global collection of networks that use TCP/IP networking protocols35)Layered application architecture:Presentation layer、Application processing layer、Data management layer36)Non-functional classifications are Product requirements、Organisational requirements and External requirements.37)Object contains program logic and necessary attributes in a single unit38)Object-oriented design is process by which detailed object-oriented models are built39)Objects send each other messages and collaborate to support functions of main program40)Programmers carry out some program testing to discover faults in the program and remove these faults in the debugging process.41)Requirements engineering process include Feasibility study、Requirements elicitation and analysis、Requirements specification、Requirements validation42)Sequence diagrams show the sequence of events that take place during some user interaction with a system.43)Software engineers must behave in an honest and ethically responsible way if they are to be respected as professionals.44)Some Fundamental Design Principles：Encapsulation、Object reuse、Information hiding、Protection from variations、Indirection45)Sometimes DFD fragments need to be diagrammed in more detail46)Spiral model sectors include Objective setting、Risk assessment and reduction、Development and validation、Planning。

47)System interfaces enable systems to share and exchange information48)System scope is represented by a single process, external agents, and all data flows into and out of the system49)System Testing tests the behavior of the entire system50)Testing is a Process of examining a product to determine if any defects exist51)Testing stages include component or unit testing、System testing and Acceptance testing.52)The Benefits of Internet and Web-Based Application Architecture;Accessibility、Low-cost communication、Widely implemented standards53)the key challenges facing software engineering：Heterogeneity, delivery ，trust.54)The Rational Unified Process is a modern process model derived from the work on the UML and associated process.55)The requirements document is the official statement of what is required of thesystem developers.56)The waterfall model is mostly used for large systems engineering projects wherea system is developed at several sites.57)There are commonly used approaches (patterns) for application architecture：Client/server architecture、Client/server architecture、Web services architecture and Internet and Web-based application architecture58)Three types of interface may have to be defined:Procedural interfaces、Data structures that are exchanged、Data representations.59)Three types of use case descriptions:Brief description、Intermediate description and Fully developed description.60)Three-Layer Client/Server Architecture:Data layer、Business logic layer and View layer.61)To user of system, user interface is the system62)Types of requirement are user requirements and system requirements.63)UML uses stereotype notation to categorize a model element by its characteristics64)Use case description – a description of the processing steps for a use case65)Verification and validation (V & V) is intended to show that a system conforms to its specification and meets the requirements of the system customer.1.What are the four important attributes which all software products should have? Suggest four other attributes that may sometimes be significant.important 可维护性, 可靠性, 有效性可用性. Other可复用性可分发性可移植性互用性2.What are the five phases of the SDLC? Describe each objective of each phase briefly.规划、分析、设计、实施和支持。