英汉翻译第十讲练习
英汉翻译(10)定语从句的翻译
• The custom officer took up his suitcase, which was opened immediately in his presence.
• 海关官员拿起他的手提箱，并立即当着他的面打开。
• Trams, which disappeared from Britain many years, are still used in several European cities.
• A true friend is, as it were, a polished mirror which reflects our features, good and bad, as they are.
• 一个真正的朋友，就好象一面磨光的镜子，它把我们的 面貌，不论好的，坏的， 都如实地反映出来。
3）Translating Attributives with Adverbial Functions
• Rendered into a clause of cause • The strike would prevent the docking of
ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats. • 罢工会使远洋轮船不能靠岸，因为它们需要拖国家不讨饭就活不下去。”
• There was that in Rawdon’s face which cuased Becky to fling herself before him.
• 罗登脸上的表情使得贝姬扑到他身前。
• They are aware that they are participating in a movement which is shaking the world and which brings together in its ranks, in its forward march, all peoples aspiring to freedom and justice.
英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第十单元 目的句视译
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）
〈译评〉 笔译版本是可以接受的，但是显然不够 口语化，带有明显的英文思维印记， 中文听起来有些费解。视译版本简洁、 易懂，意在引导学生拓宽思路。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）
5. Books have been written trying to prove that flying saucers come from outer space. 【笔译】 已经写了许多书，企图证明飞碟来自外 层空间。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例段）
2. Zhang Xiaoji, researcher at the State Council’s
张小吉为国务院发展中心研究员，他说：中国 Development Research Center said that the growth
的经济发展情势不容乐观。 situation is severe for China. “It will take a great effort 他警告说：“中国需 for China to avoid hard-landing”, he warned. 付出很大努力才可避免经济硬着陆。”
第10单元 目的句视译 （例篇）
By definition, the purpose of work is to produce some valued end—such as repairing the plumbing or creating a successful trial defense for a client. But extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation are not mutually exclusive. You can work for a valued end while still focusing on and enjoying the process. To the degree that you focus on the process, your work is play. In my employment as an author, writing is a burden if I write for the purpose of just the end—the published piece or the royalties I might earn. When I take that attitude, I find it hard to start. Writing then is toil, not play. In order to make writing play, I must remove my focus from the end, and put it on a shelf in the back of my mind, so that I can focus my attention on the process—the process of generating ideas and crafting phrases with which to express them. I can even convince myself so as not to feel burden of writing that the end doesn’t matter; writing is such fun that it is worth doing even if the piece is never published, and never earns a cent. Ironically, when I succeed in taking this playful attitude, the end result is far better than when I don’t.
新概念英语第二册课文+练习 Lesson 10
新概念英语第二册课文+练习 Lesson 10新概念英语第二册课文+练习lesson10第十课不适合爵士乐不适合演奏爵士乐wehaveanoldmusicalinstrument.itiscalledaclavichord.itwasmadeingermanyin1681.ou rclavichordiskeptinthelivingroom.ithasbelongedtoourfamilyforalongtime.theinstr umentwasboughtbymygrandfathermanyyearsago.recentlyitwasdamagedbyavisitor.shetr iedtoplayjazzonit!shestruckthekeystoohardandtwoofthestringswerebroken.myfather wasshocked.nowwearenotallowedtotouchit.itisbeingrepairedbyafriendofmyfather’s.1.旧音乐仪器________(a)hasbeeninthefamilyforalongtime(b)wasboughtrecently(c)wassoldrecently(d)wasr epairedrecently2howdidthevisitordamagetheclavichord?（a）她演奏爵士乐。
（b）她在编辑。
(c)shecutthestrings.(d)shehitthekeystoohard.structure3.我们的孩子住在客厅里。
我们就在这里。
(a)kept(b)havekept(c)arekeeping(d)keep4ithasbelongedtoourfamilyforyears.it’st he_______（a）家庭（b）家庭（c）家庭（d）家庭的5个家庭有着多年的亲密关系。
人教版初中英语初二上册unit10知识讲解与练习
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. upset(1) upset可作形容词，意为“难过的；失望的；沮丧的”。
例如：Don’t get so upset. 别那么沮丧。
After she died I felt very, very upset. 她去世之后，我非常非常难过。
(2) upset还可作动词，意为“使心烦意乱，使生气”。
例如：She warned me not to say anything to upset him. 她警告我不要说任何让他不高兴的话。
Don’t upset yourself, Ida.别自寻烦恼了，艾达。
(3) be upset with sb. 意为“生某人的气”。
例如：She is still upset with me. 她还在生我的气。
2. adviceadvice是不可数名词，意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”，不能与不定冠词a 连用。
例如：a piece of advice一条建议Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。
【拓展】(1) give sb. advice (on) 给……提（有关……）的建议。
例如：Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well?你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗？(2) take one’s advice 听从某人的建议例如：I’ll take your advice, and do exercise every day. 我会听从你的建议，每天锻炼身体。
(3) advise是advice的动词形式，意为“建议”，常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。
例如：He advised me to read English every morning. 他建议我每天早晨读英语。
商务翻译(英译汉)Unit 10 China’s Big Plan
二、 数字转换
在汉语里，数字后面跟随着名词，所表达的信息 一清二楚。而英语中数字的内涵远比汉语中的数字 丰富得多。这些数字到底指什么，对中国学生来说 有时是个谜。所以我们在翻译数字的时候，有必要 根据汉语的表达习惯作适当变通。如： 1. Think twice 三思而行 2. In two minds 三心二意 3. At sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 4. To the nines 十全十美 5. One in a thousand 百里挑一
2. My sister is so thin that she looks strikingly attractive. 我妹妹那么苗条，看起来迷人极了。
3. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. 他是个正直诚实的人，但不幸有某种坏名声。 4. My sister is so thin that she looks sick. 我妹妹 骨瘦如柴，看上去有病。 例句中的ambition、thin、reputation 三词本身都属 中性词，在句中前言后语的约束下修辞色彩发生变化，尤其 是“thin”在前面的例句中含义是“苗条”，而在后面的例 句中含义却是“骨瘦如柴”，二者在语义上差别很大。所以 翻译的时候要求译者对原文从形式到内容有全面细微的理解 和感受，然后调动视点转移的翻译手法，用恰如其分的译文， 使读者也获得等效的理解和感受。
The plan also calls for an increase in research and development spending from its current 1.23% of GDP to 2.5% by 2020, putting China in the same range as OECD countries’ current scores. According to Denis Simon of the State University of New York’s Levin Institute, who advises the Chinese government on science policy, this move comes just in time. “If China doesn’t do this right,” he says, “it risks becoming a good 20th-century industrial economy just when it needs to figure out how to be a 21st-century knowledge-based economy.”
八年级上册Unit10精讲精练
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.一、重点词组：1. grow up长大，成长2. be going to do = want to do打算做某事3. take/have acting lessons 上表演课4. have/take guitar lessons上吉他课5. practice basketball 练习篮球6. move to New York 搬到纽约7. do what I want to do 做我想做的事情8. sound like听起来像……9. move to somewhere interesting搬到某个有趣的地方10. somewhere quiet and beautiful某个安静而美丽的地方11. part-time 兼职的, full-time 全职的，全日制的 a part – time job 一份兼职的工作12. a year or two = one or two years一两年an hour or two = one or two hours 一两小时;13. a reporter for fashion magazine一名时尚杂志记者14. save some money积蓄一些钱15. at the same time 与此同时16.hold art exhibitions 举办美术展览17.all over the world = around the world全世界，18. send sth. to sb. = send sb sth. 将某物发送/寄给某人19. I’m not sure yet我还没有定下来20. play an instrument弹一种乐器21. New Year’s resolutions新年的决心22. make one’s resolution表决心23.make the soccer team 组建足球24. get good grades获得好成绩25.get lots of exercise 多进行体育锻炼26. work harder in school在学校里更努力学习27. over 1,000 letters = more than 1,000 letters 超过1000封的来信28. keep fit保持身体健康29. communicate with sb. 与某人交流30. a job as a foreign language teacher一份当外语教师的工作31. after high school = leave school中学毕业后32. have a welcome party召开一个欢迎会二、语法一般将来时1.“be going to+动词原形”构成一般将来时态，表示即将、将要、打算做某事。
新概念英语2第二册Lesson10讲义练习
新概念英语第二册Lesson 10 讲义Lesson 10 Not for JazzStep 1 New words and expressions1.jazz n. 爵士音乐a kind of music2.musical adj. 音乐的;悦耳动听的music student : the student who learned musicmusical student :有音乐天赋的(当与人连用时)3.instrument n. 乐器4.clavichord n. 古钢琴, 不是现代的piano5.recently adv. 最近6.damage v. 损坏n.损失，伤害7.key n. 琴键8.string n. (乐器的)弦9.shock v. 使不悦或生气, 震惊10.allow v. 允许, 让（1）allow doingSmoking is allowed.＝people allow smoking（2）allow sb. to do sthsb.be allowed to do sth.You are allow to smoke(被动语态)（3）Allow常用于被动语态, 习惯上用被动You are not allow to enter the room if you don't take the card with you11.touch v. 触摸, 碰Step 2 Grammar point一．语态概述英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
（1）主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
（2）被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
Unit10Youresupposedtoshakehands原文与翻译
Unit10You'resupposedtoshakehands原文与翻译初中生学习英语要注意多听，将上课本录音下载下来，课前课后要反复练习听力，不能只停留在课上听的那十几分钟上。
下面是小偏整理的Unit10You'resupposedtoshakehands原文与翻译，感谢您的每一次阅读。
Unit10You'resupposedtoshakehands原文与翻译SectionA1bListenandcheckyouranswersin1a.Yoshi:Whatarepeoplesupposedtodowhentheymeetinyourco untry,Rodrigo?Rodrigo:Doyoumeanwhenpeoplemeetforthefirsttime?Yoshi:Yeah.Rodrigo:InMexico,weshakehands.Yoshi:WhataboutinBrazil,Celia?Celia:Well,inBrazil,peoplesometimeskiss.HowaboutinJapan,Y oshi?Whatarepeopleexpectedtodowhentheymeetforthefirsttime?Yoshi:Webow.Kim:AndinKoreawealsobow.Mike:Well,IguessinmostWesterncountriesweshakehands.SectionA2astnightshehaddinneratanAmer icanfriend’shouse.Listenandcheck(√)themistakesMariamade.Daisy:Hi,Maria.HowwasPaul’sparty?Maria:Oh,Daisy,itwasterrible.Daisy:Itwas?Maria:Uh-huh.Daisy:Whathappened?Maria:Well,Iwassupposedtoarriveat7:00,butIarrivedat8:00.Daisy:Oh,soyouwerelate.Maria:Yeah,butinmycountry,it’sdifferent.Whenyou’reinvit edfor7:00,you’reexpectedtocomelater!It’sconsideredstranget oturnupontime.Daisy:Isee.Maria:ThenwhenImetPaul’smom,Ikissedher.Daisy:Oh…youweresupposedtoshakehandsinstead.Maria:That’sright.AndIworeafanc ydress.Daisy:What’swrongwiththat?Maria:Well,itturnedoutthatitwasanoutdoorparty,Daisy.Every oneelsewasinaT-shirtandjeans.Daisy:Iguessnexttimeyoushouldaskwhatyou’resupposedto wear.SectionA2bListenagain.Fillintheblanks.Daisy:Hi,Maria.HowwasPaul’sparty?Maria:Oh,Daisy,itwasterrible.Daisy:Itwas?Maria:Uh-huh.Daisy:Whathappened?Maria:Well,Iwassupposedtoarriveat7:00,butIarrivedat8:00.Daisy:Oh,soyouwerelate.Maria:Yeah,butinmycountry,it’sdifferent.Whenyou’reinvit edfor7:00,you’reexpectedtocomelater!It’sconsi deredstranget oturnupontime.Daisy:Isee.Maria:ThenwhenImetPaul’smom,Ikissedher.Daisy:Oh…youweresupposedtoshakehandsinstead.Maria:That’sright.AndIworeafancydress.Daisy:What’swrongwiththat?Maria:Well,itturnedoutthatitwasanoutdoorparty,Daisy.EveryoneelsewasinaT-shirtandjeans.Daisy:Iguessnexttimeyoushouldaskwhatyou’resupposedto wear.SectionA2dRoleplaytheconversation.Howwasthewelcomepartyforforeignstudentslastnight?Great!Imadesomenewfriends.Butafunnythinghappened.What?ImetaJapaneseboycalledSato,andassoonasIheldoutmyhand, hebowed.That'showpeopleinJapanareexpectedtogreeteachother.It'sim politeifyoudon'tbow.Ididn'tknowthat.SoIjuststoodtherewithmyhandout.Finally,Ire turnedthebow.IrememberwhenlfirstmetMarielastyear,Ididthesamething.Ihe ldoutmyhandandtomysurprise,shekissedmeonbothsidesofmyfac e!Iwouldn'tmindthat!terlfoundoutFrenchpeoplearesupposedtokissw hentheyseeeachother.SectionA3aReadthefollowingopinionsofaColombianandaSwissstudent.I nwhichcountryisitOKtobe15minuteslatefordinner?TeresaLopezCall.ColomblaWhereI’mfrom,we’reprettyrelaxedabouttime.Wedon’tlik etorusharound,sowedon’tmindifpeoplearealittlelatesometimes.Ifyoutellafriendyou’regoingtotheirhousefordinner,it’sOKif youarriveabitlate.Weliketoenjoyourtimeslowly.Wevaluethetimew espendwithourfamilyandfriendsinoureverydaylives.Weoftenjustdropbyourfriendshomesifwehavetime.Wedon’tusuallyhavetomakeplanstomeetourfriends.Whenweseeeachoth er,it’spoliteforboystoshakehandsandforgirlstokisseachotheront hesideoftheface.Weoftenjustwalkaroundthetowncenter,seeingasmanyofourfr iendsaswecan!Marcleblanclausanne.SwitzerlandInSwitzerland,it’sveryimportanttobeontime.We’rethecapi talofclocksandwatches,afterall!Ifsomeoneinvitesyoutomeethimo rheratnoon,thenyou’reexpectedtobethereatnoon.Ifyou’reeven15minuteslate,y ourfriendmaygetmad.SoImake anefforttobeontimewhenImeetmyfriends.Ialwaysleavethehousee arlytoavoidheavytrafficbecauseIthinkit’simpolitetokeepothersw aiting.Also,wenevervisitafriend’shousewithoutcallingfirst.Wealmo stalwaysmakeplanstoseefriends.Weusuallyplantodosomethingin teresting,orgosomewheretogether.SectionB1bSteveisgoingtoChinatostudy.HisfriendYangMingistellinghim aboutthetablemannersinChina.Listenandnumberthepicturesinth eorderyouhearthem.YangMing:YoumustbeexcitedaboutleavingforChinatomorro w,Steve!Steve:Yeah,butI’malittlenervous,too.YangMing:Why?Steve:Well,foronething,Idon’tknowhowtousechopsticksver ywell…andIdon’tknowhowtobehaveatthedinnertable.YangMing:Oh,Isee.Well,oneimportantthingisthatyou’renots upposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable.Steve:That’sinteresting.IntheUnitedStates,itdoesn’tmatter.YangMing:Yeah,Iknow.It’salsoimpolitetostickyourchopsticksintoyourfood.Youshouldn’tpointatanyonewithyourchopsticks, either.Steve:Oh,OK.YangMing:Oh,andthere’sonemorethingyouneedtoknow.Yo u’renotsupposedtotalkwhenyou’reeatingdinner.Onlyparentsa reexpectedtotalkatthedinnertable.Childrenarenotallowedtospea k.Steve:Wow!That’s…that’sunusual!YangMing:Haha,I’mjustkidding!SectionB1cListenagain.Matchthesesentenceparts.YangMing:YoumustbeexcitedaboutleavingforChinatomorro w,Steve!Steve:Yeah,butI’malittlenervous,too.YangMing:Why?Steve:Well,foronething,Idon’tknowhowtousechopsticksver ywell…andIdon’tknowhowtobehaveatthedinnertable.YangMing:Oh,Isee.Well,oneimportantthingisthatyou’renots upposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable.Steve:That’sinteresting.IntheUnitedStates,itdoesn’tmatter.YangMing:Yeah,Iknow.It’salsoimpolitetostickyourchopstick sintoyourfood.Youshouldn’tpo intatanyonewithyourchopsticks, either.Steve:Oh,OK.YangMing:Oh,andthere’sonemorethingyouneedtoknow.Yo u’renotsupposedtotalkwhenyou’reeatingdinner.Onlyparentsa reexpectedtotalkatthedinnertable.Childrenarenotallowedtospea k.Steve:Wow!That’s…that’sunusual!Yang Ming:Haha,I’mjustkidding!Readtheletterandanswerthequestions.DearLaura,Thanksforyourmessage.Yes,I’mhavingagreattimeonmystudentexchangeprograminFrance.IwasabitnervousbeforeIar rivedhere,buttherewasnoreasontobe.Myhostfamilyisreallynice.Th eygooutoftheirwaytomakemefeelathome.Thegrandmotherknow sthatImissChinesefoodalot.SosheactuallylearnedhowtomakeChi nesefood!Shealsohasateenagegranddaughteraboutmyagewhois reallykind.ShealwaystalkstomeinFrenchtohelpmepractice.Youwo uldn’tbelievehowquicklymyFrenchhasimprovedbecauseofthat.I’mverycomfortablespeakingFrenchnow.AlthoughIstillmak elotsofmistakes,itdoesn’tworrymeasitusedto.Mybiggestchallengeislearninghowtobehaveatthedinnertabl e.Asyoucanimagine,thingsareverydifferentfromthewaytheyareat home.Forexample,you’renotsupposedtoputyourbreadonyourpl ate.You’resupposedtoputitonthetable!Ithoughtthatwasprettyst rangeatfirst,butnowI’musedtoit.Anotherexampl eisthatyou’renotsupposedtoeatanythingwit hyourhandsexceptbread,notevenfruit.Youhavetocutitupandeatit withafolk.Anotherthingisthatitisimpolitetosayyou’refull.Ifyoudo n’twantanymorefood,youshouldjustsay,“Thatwasdelicious.”Al so,you’renotsupposedtoputyourelbowson thetable.Ihavetosayt hatIfinditdifficulttoremembereverything,butI’mgraduallygettingusedtoit.Idon’tfindFrenchcustoms sostrangeanymore,I’llwriteagainsoonandtellyoumoreaboutmylifeinFrance.Hopeyou’rehavingagoodschoolyear.Yours,LinYue翻译：凯蒂：昨晚为留学生举办的欢迎派对怎么样?约翰：真棒!我交了一些新朋友，不过发生了一件很有趣的事情。
新编英语语法教程第10讲练习参考答案
新编英语语法教程第10讲练习参考答案新编英语语法教程第10讲练习参考答案Ex, 10A1.Don’t speak loudly. The children are sleeping.2.Don’t disturb me. I’m thinking.3.The chidlren were jumping to keep warm.4.The woman got mad. She was hitting her head against the wall.5.Old Tom knows Russian, but he can’t speak it well.6.I hope she likes these reses.7.Halleck resembles his father very much in disposition and appearance.8.This material feels soft.9.I believe we will certainly achieve success.10.Lsat night we dined at a Thai restaurant. These almost all the dishes taste hot.11.In grammar, English differs greatly from Spanish/12.This bus can hold 40 people.13.This rule applies to all the tourists.14.They were talking about pollution of the environment.15.Spring is here. The treetops are turning green.16.The economic situation there has changed from bad to worse.17.I’m getting old. I can’t walk such a long distance.18.This trunk weighs 50 kilos.19.Surely you are imagining things.20.I am not feeling (I don’t feel) very tired.Ex. 10B2. called off3. carry out4. catch up with5. came round / to6. cutting down7. looked into8. held up9. turn up 10. Keep off 11. Knocked him out 12. let you off13. leave out 14.mix up 15. bring up 16. blew it up 17. Look out 18. put off 19. look on 20. put up 21. running into 22. run up against 23. sold out 24. send for / call in 25. taking…in 26. turned down 27. turned out 28. work out 29. wound up 30. took on, worn out, give…upEx. 10C1.This case is being looked into by the police.2.Before long the children had taken to their ner teacher.3.We can’t rely on other countries to help us tide over the difficulty.4.The First World War broke out in 1914.5.When she came to, she found herself lying in a hospital.6.He was not really feeling sad. He was just putting on.7.Some new problems cropped up at the last minute.8.As most members were absent, the meeting had to be called off.9.Can you figure out a way to solve this problem?10.When he was criticized, he flared up.11.Don’t be taken in.12.I got very angry that he should come out with that rude remark.13.You must work hand, or you won’t be able to keep up with the rest of the class.14.Sophie is going to take a day off tomorrow; I must fill in for her.15.We are going to bring up this question at the next meeting.16.I’m going to forward to meeting you in Shanghai.17.We all look up to Doctor Lin, because she serves herpatients selflessly.18.He worked in the United States for three years, and he made the most of the opportunity toimprove his English.19.She was so lazy that she made a mess of her room.20.This is a used car; it has changed hands several times.Ex. 10D1. finding2. occurred3. waiting4. studied5. stood6. read7. read8. decided9. satisfy 10. carried 11. colored 12. taste 13. watching 14. slipped 15. took 16. found 17. was 18. ran 19. shouted 20. drank 21. tasted 22. was 23. learned 24. to question。
汉英翻译实践第十讲(《灰尘的旅行》及中外翻译简史)
I. 原文(Source Text)灰尘的旅行(一)灰尘是地球上永不疲倦的旅行者，它随着空气而飘流，可以说是无孔不入。
我们周围的空间，从室内到室外，从城市到野外，从平原到山区，从沙漠到海洋1，几乎处处都有灰尘的行踪2。
真正没有灰尘的空间，只有在实验室里才能制造出来。
在晴朗的天空下，灰尘是看不见的，只有在太阳的光线射进黑暗的房间的时候，才能够看到无数的灰尘3在空中飘舞。
大的灰尘肉眼可以看见，小的灰尘比细菌还小，用显微镜4也观察不到。
根据检验的结果，在干燥的日子里，田野和高山的空气里，每一立方厘米5只有几十粒灰尘；在海洋上空的空气里，每一立方厘米大约有一千多粒灰尘；在城市街道上的空气里，每一立方厘米大约有十万粒以上的灰尘；在住宅区的空气里，灰尘还要多得多。
这样多的灰尘在空中旅行，对气象变化产生了很大影响。
原来灰尘还是制造云雾和雨点的小工程师，它们会帮助空气中的水分疑结成云雾和雨点。
没有灰尘，就没有白云，也没有大雨和小雨了；没有灰尘，在夏天，强烈的日光将直接照射在大地上，使气温无法降低6。
这是灰尘在自然界中的功用。
如果我们追问一下，灰尘都是从什么地方来的呢? 到底是些什么东西呢? 我们可以得到下面一系列的答案：有的是来自山地岩石的碎末，有的是来自田野的干燥土末，有的是来自海面的由浪花蒸发后生成的食盐粉末，有的是来自火山灰，还有的是来自星际空间的宇宙尘。
这些都是天然的灰尘。
II. 理解难点提示(Suggestions for Comprehension)1. 这几个“从……到……”是说灰尘的运动方向，还是说其存在之地？2. “有灰尘的行踪”是说灰尘本身不存在了，还留下了踪迹吗？3. 前面以“它”指代灰尘，这里为什么又说“无数的灰尘”？4. “用显微镜”的具体方式是什么？5.“田野和高山的空气里，每一立方厘米”是说一立方厘米的什么东西？6. 这两个分句的关系如何？III. 译文(Target Text)The Travels of Dust (1)Dust, a tireless traveler on earth1, floats along with the movement of air and can be said to be all-pervasive2.Dust can be found3almost everywhere in the space around us, indoors and outdoors, over cities and the country, plains and mountains, deserts and the sea4. Space truly without dust can only be created in laboratories.In the sunny sky5 dust is invisible; only when sunlight shines into a dark room can one see numberless dust particles6flying in the air. Bigger particles can be seen by the naked eye, but smaller ones may be smaller than germs7, and cannot be observed even through a microscope8.According to the results of experiments, on dry days there are a few dozen particles of dust in each cubic cm of air over the fields and mountains, more than a thousand over the sea, more than 100,000 in the streets of cities, and much more in residential areas9.So much dust traveling in the air exerts great influence on weather changes. It turns out that10 dust particles are tiny engineers that make clouds and raindrops, helping as they do the moisture to condense into clouds, fog and raindrops. Without them, there would be no white clouds, nor drenchers or drizzles11; without them, the scorching sun12 in summer would shine directly on the earth, making it impossible for the temperature to come down13. That is the function of dust innature.If we ask where all the dust comes from and what on earth it is, we can get the following series of answers: from tiny bits of rock in mountainous regions, from dry earth in the fields, from salt powder formed by evaporated spray on the sea, from volcanic ashes, or14 from meteoroid in outer space. All this is natural dust.IV. 表达解说(Explanation of Expression)1. 汉译英时，如果“A是B，……”中的“是B”重要性不如后续的分句，往往译为同位语，以显示层次。
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第十讲练习将下列各句译成中文。
have received your letter of June 9, enquiring about the best terms of the goods.early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly. appreciated.to your request, we are airmailing you two copies of our latest price-list covering various minerals.could not deliver the total quantity by one shipment. Since this was unforeseen, we hereby request you to amend the L/C by deleting the special clause “partial shipment not allowed.” expenses and risks thereinafter shall be born by your side. first presentation the buyer shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.the event the Buyer does not furnish the seller with shipping instructions on or be-fore August 17,2007,the Seller may at his option cancel this contract and demand the Buyer to pay any damages he has sustained on account of such failure of the Buyer to give such instructions.dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Contract, or the breach ,termination or invalidity thereof,shall be settled through amicable negotiation, the case shall then be submitted for arbitration. The location of arbitration shall be in the country of the domicile of the defendant.any change is required regarding the terms and conditions of this Agreement, then both parties shall negotiate in order to find a suitable solution, provided that any change of this Agreement shall be subject to the approval by the Canadian Government.by draft payable 90days after sight, documents against acceptance.1.贵方六月九号关于询盘该物品优惠条件的信函已收到。
2.如蒙贵方早日答复我方具体询价，将不胜感激。
3.依照您的要求，我方将最近两份复制版的多种矿石价目表空邮给您。
4.我方将无法一次性运完所有货品。
由于此情况不可预见，我方在此请求贵方删除许可证的相关内容，即“禁止分批运输”。
5.此后发生的一切风险与开支均由贵方承担。
6.买方凭卖方开具的发票，见发票即付款并取走该发票。
该发票为即期跟单类型。
7.若买方在2007年8月17日前未能向卖方发出运货通知，则卖方课自行决定取消该合同，并要求买方赔偿因取消合同对其造成的一切经济损失。
8.关于本合同以及由于本合同修改，终止或无效或者与之相关的争端，争议或索赔，应该通过友好协商解决。
若无法通过友好协商解决，则应通过所在国的仲裁机构加以仲裁解决。
9.如果对本合同的条款进行修改，合同双方应该协商解决，但对协议修改的内容均必须通过加拿大政府批准方可生效。
10凭见票后90天内付款有效，承兑交单。
11.“Provisional Sum ” means a sum included in the Contract and so designated in the Bill of Quantities for the execution of work or the supply of goods, materials, or services, or for contingencies, which sum may be used, in whole or in part, or not at all, at the direction and discretion of the Engineer. Contractor shall, subject to the provisions of the Contract, and with due care and diligence, execute and maintain the Works and provide all labor, including the supervision thereof, materials, constructional plant and all other things, whether of a temporary or permanent nature, required in and for such execution and maintenance. salary shall be paid and charged against the operating expenses, provided that the commission or brokerage of the Second Party shall be paid and charged as a part of the operating expenses.the technical documentation supplied by Party B is not in conformity with Clause of the Contract, Party B shall ,within 30days after the receipt of Party A’s notification, airmail free of charge to Party A the correct, complete and legible version.Seller, provided that Buyer so agrees, may retain the whole or part of the said incomplete equipment, fabricated or unfabricated parts, work-in-process, and other material referred to in paragraph (D) of this Article in which the amount to be paid by the Buyer shall be reduced by a sum equal to the value of the property so retained.30days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30, 000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time.the Seller fail to make delivery in time as stipulated in the Contract with the exception of force majeure specified in Clause 18 of this Contract, the Buyers shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Seller (should)agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation.shall have the option of delivering 5% more or less on the contract quantity. Such surplus or deficiency shall be settled at the market price on the day if the vessel’s arrival, the value shall be fixed by arbitration unless mutually agreed. : Soak the clothes in warm water below 30C for a while before you brush them slightly. Dry by airing after squeezing the water out. Avoid dry cleaning, machine cleaning and drying in the sun. Don’t wring out. No coloring.case the contract is concluded on CIF basis, the insurance shall be effected by the Seller for 110% of invoice value covering all risks, war risk, risks ( i. e. Strike, Riot, and Civil Commotions).答案：１.贵方六月九日关于该货优惠条款询盘的来函已收到２.如蒙贵方早日答复我方的具体询价，不胜感激。