美国科技英文介绍American Science
美国历史文化概况(英文版)UNIT 11 Science and Technology_OK
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TEXT A
Notes
3.Galveston Bay: is a large estuary located along the upper coast of Texas in the United States. It is connected to the Gulf of Mexico and is surrounded by sub-tropic marshes and prairies on the mainland. The water in the Bay is a complex mixture of sea water and fresh water which supports a wide variety of marine life.
1. Have a general idea of Science and Technology. 2. Understand the importance of Science and Technology. 3. Master the difficult words and expressions.
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TEXT A Reading Comprehension
Read the following sentences and decide whether they are true（T) or false（F)．
1.The center's Mission Control Center has not been the operational center of every American human space mission since Gemini V. （ ） 2.In addition to housing NASA's astronaut operations, JSC is also the site of the former Lunar Receivi Laboratory, where the first astronauts returning from the moon were quarantined, and where the majo of lunar samples are stored.( ) 3.In the wake of the January 28th, 1986 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, then-President Ronald Reaga and First Lady Nancy traveled to JSC on January 31 to speak at a memorial service honoring the astronauts.( )
【英美概况】【课堂笔记】美国科技Technology in America
Technology in AmericaMcCormick's Revolutionary ReaperMaking Illinois the Hub of AgricultureThe McCormick reaper was a boon to wheat farmers; the first model could do the work of three men. As Cyrus McCormick perfected and improved the capabilities of the new implement, more land was put into production.Technology is the use of science and engineering to produce something that is effective and useful.America changed from an agricultural country in the early 19th century to the most advanced technological country in the late 20th century. This was a remarkable development. Why did technology develop so successfully in the United States of America?Early 19th centuryThere were many inventions during this period such as Eli Whitney‟s cotton gin and also his mass production process for guns. Whitney and many other inventors are very well-known by Americans. However, there were many other people, not so well known, who played a significant role in the development of the inventions into industries which were subsequently economically successful.Many of the original inventors had problems with their new inventions, and it often took many years, plus the efforts of many other people, to make the new invention work well. For instance the mechanical reaper (invented by McCormick) took 20 years of development and improvement to become genuinely effective in harvesting large areas of wheat.It is the consequences of these inventions that are most important for us to understand.The mechanical reaper worked best when it had to harvest large areas of wheat. Farmers began joining their farms together to make very big farms. As a result, America was soon producing very large quantities of wheat and other crops very efficiently. Because such large quantities of crops were being produced, America had to develop a better system of transportation. The answer was the railroad system. This system was able to move large quantities of crops, very efficiently.The development of the railroad required engineers and scientists to overcome many problems. The solution to the problems took many years to achieve and involved many people. Although many people know that James Watt invented the steam engine, fewer know the names of the engineers and scientists who developed it into a really useful and successful machine.Late 19th Century and Early 20th CenturyFrom the invention of a new device (such as the electric light bulb) to the practical use of the invention not only requires a lot of research and development but also requires highly effective manufacturing skills. America was at the forefront of developing the …science‟ of management. The …science of management‟ used critical analysis of the whole manufacturing process, so that products could be made in the most efficient way. Thisdevelopment was a major boost to the American economy which would rise to become the major economy in the world.The introduction of electrical devices revolutionised life for both citizens and business. Such things as electric lights, radio, electric motors, household appliances (washing machines etc) and computers changed society dramatically.For instance, until the introduction of the radio, the citizens of America previously could only read about the news and would rarely have the opportunity to see or hear the president or any famous person.With the advent of the radio, citizens could listen to their president on a regular basis; they could listen to famous film stars and sports heroes as well as hear poems, literature and other cultural activities. The ability to hear these people on radio dramatically affected the way that people perceived their politicians and other leaders. It greatly enhanced people‟s ability to understand domestic and international affairs. It also opened up cultural appreciation to the whole population, not just the few who could afford to go to theatre.Mid 20th Century and Late 20th CenturyThe changes in household technologies, such as the refrigerator, washing machine and vacuum cleaner, led to a much easier lifestyle for the family, who then had more spare time to do other things. What did people do with their extra spare time? They did many things such as self development and study; some worked longer hours or drove their children to various activities (such as sport or music lessons) and played with their children.The advent of television into most homes had a profound effect on society. People watched television on a regular basis and not only were they entertained at home but they were informed by the news and public affairs programs. By the end of the 20th century however, many children were watching TV and/or playing on the computer for many hours each day. Some of t hese “couch potatoes” are now presenting serious health concerns for society. The computer developed from a huge device, used only for military purposes, to the small PC (personal computer) that we now use. The computer has revolutionized our lives. Apart from the impact of the Internet with its associated search engines (Google), email and other communication abilities, and access to knowledge, it is also a vital part of science and engineering, business and intercultural understanding. However, computers also have the ability to intrude into our lives through such things as data files which store much of our personal details, computer profiling and surveillance of our personal lives.The development of military rockets in the mid 20th century led to the exploration of space, the deployment of satellites and a deeper understanding of the beginning of the universe.Psychologically space exploration has made us think about ourselves and our planet quite differently. The world now sees itself more as place where everyone affects everyone else. We better understand global problems such as global warming, and also the need to do something about it. We better understand our human frailty and the forces which made us (and which could possibly destroy us). We can see any part of world at anytime (secrets are hard to keep). We are no longer as insular as we once were. We may one day have to leave this planet and find another place to live; the development of science and a better understanding of the universe could make that possible. ConclusionOver many decades the USA has developed the infrastructure for the continued development of ideas and products. What are some of the attributes that the USA has? A research-focused education system; a question ing society, passion, the willingness to “fail” and the willingness to extend research into areas which may have no obvious or immediate benefit. The USA has a very well developed education system, a stable government system, and places a strong emphasis on long-term planning and sustainability.The depth of knowledge and understanding has grown exponentially in the last few decades. This trend is likely to continue.Consider some of the changes that I have personally seen since 1950 in the areas of medicine, material possessions, mobility, personal relationships, and international affairs.What was life like in 1950?What is life like now in 2007?What will life be like in 2050? (you will be 64 years old!!)Table 1-1-18. Trends in World Population11。
美国历史文化概况(英文版)UNIT 11 Science and Technology
TEXT A Notes
1.The Apollo program: was the American spaceflight endeavor which landed the first humans on Earth's Moon. Conceived during the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower and conducted by NASA, Apollo began in earnest after President John F. Kennedy's May 25, 1961 special address to a joint session of Congress declaring a national goal of "landing a man on the Moon" by the end of the decade.
TEXT A Reading Complo Mission Control Center, a National Historic Landmark can be found in building 300. ( ) 5.Astronauts begin their training in the SMS using training software until they are assigned to a particular mission. Astronauts also train with the flight controllers in the Mission Control Center. ( )
3.In the wake of the January 28th, 1986 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, thenPresident Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy traveled to JSC on January 31 to speak at a memorial service honoring the astronauts.( )
当今英美主要科普刊物及其名称译法
当今英美主要科普刊物及其名称译法科普（Popular Science）是指面向普通读者，以通俗易懂的方式介绍科学和科技知识的出版物。
在当今英美科普界，有许多知名的刊物致力于传播科学知识。
本文将介绍一些主要的英美科普刊物及其中文名称译法，以便读者更好地了解和阅读这些刊物。
1. Scientific American（《科学美国人》）Scientific American是世界上最古老的一份科普杂志，创立于1845年，以介绍前沿科学和技术为主要内容。
该刊物涉及的领域广泛，包括物理学、化学、生物学、医学等。
它以其严谨的科学报道和权威性而备受推崇。
2. Discover（《科学发现》）Discover是一份英文科普杂志，创立于1980年，旨在向读者介绍科学、技术和创新。
该刊物聚焦于最新的科学发现，以生动有趣的方式解释复杂的科学概念，受到广大科普爱好者的欢迎。
3. National Geographic（《国家地理》）National Geographic杂志是一本以地理、考古、人类学等为主题的综合性刊物。
该刊物不仅介绍自然科学知识，还关注环保、文化、历史等方面的内容。
它以其卓越的摄影和深入的报道而闻名。
4. New Scientist（《新科学家》）New Scientist是一份源自英国的科普杂志，创立于1956年。
该刊物报道当前科学领域的最新研究成果和技术进展，覆盖范围广泛，包括物理学、天文学、生物学、心理学等领域。
它以其扎实的科学报道和深入的新闻分析受到广大读者的喜爱。
5. Science（《科学》）Science是一份由美国科学促进会（AAAS）发行的国际知名科学杂志，首次创刊于1880年。
该杂志以刊载原创科学研究为主，涵盖范围广泛，包括生命科学、物理学、化学、地球科学等。
它以其严格的同行评议和高质量的科学论文而备受赞誉。
6. Nature（《自然》）Nature是一份英国科学杂志，创办于1869年。
American technology introduction
My introductionHello, everyone! Today, I am going to talk about the technology in America. As we all know, American technology is the most technologically advanced nation in the world. Also, as a superpower, the United States occupies a dominant position among countries, which is in a large part based on its highly developed scientific and technology. Nowadays, many people around the world are enjoying the scientific and technological contribution made by the Americans. For example, the electrical lighting, automobiles , telephone, television, computer, internet, and so on. These inventions create a powerful inspiration in our daily life.Now I am going to introduce tree revolutions in American technology. First of all. The first industrial revolution. It also can be called as industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power and the development of machine tools. It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal.1. Eli Whitney(1765-1825),inventingCotton gin around 1793. Some children are even familiar with Whitney’s development of the system of mass production of wea-pons with interchangeable parts.But Whitney’s gin did not perform very well with most kinds of cotton being grown at that time.2.Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 –April 2, 1872) was an American painter who turned inventor. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs.3.George Bomford (1780–1848) was a distinguished military officer in the United States Army and an inventor and designer of weapons and defensive installationsWe can see that the first prototype guns of this type, pattern 1842 and earlier produced by the Alger foundry,.第二次工业革命(second industrial revolution)Airplane ,lamp bulb, phonograph , ford louse ,telephone.1.The Wright Flyer (often retrospectively referred to as Flyer I or 1903 Flyer) was the first successful powered aircraft, designed and built by the Wright brothers. They flew it four times on December 17, 1903, near Kill Devil Hills, about four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, U.S. Today, the airplane is exhibited inthe National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C.2.“The Wizard of Menlo Park”（门洛帕克的鬼才）爱迪生电话、电报“是扩展人类感官功能的一次革命”，留声机“是改变人们生活的三大发明之一”，“从发明的想象力来看，这是他极其重大的发明成就”。
英语国家概况之美国科学技术
Televion,whose commercial development was delayed by world warⅡ,rapidly gained a place in American homes.
Electroniccomputers—solid-sate semiconductor—personnal computer(pc).Internet emerged in the Unites States in 1968 during the period of the cold war.
Early 19th century
Thus schoolchildren are familiar with Eli whitney’s triumph in inventing the cotton gin around 1793.
If there were one individual who could be creditedwith developing the so-called American system of production ,it would be John H.Hall.The father John stevens,who not only worked on improving railroads but also joined with Robert Fulton and the early work with steamboats and his two sons.
Frederick Winslow Taylor began to conduct his time-motion studies in order to discover the most efficient ways for laabers to accomplish their tasks.
scientific american 英文介绍
Scientific American is a popular science magazine that has been in publication since 1845. It is known for its in-depth coverage of a wide range of scientific topics, and its articles are written by leading experts in their fields. The magazine also features interviews with prominent scientists, as well as reviews of the latest books and research findings.1. HistoryScientific American was founded by Rufus Porter, a New England inventor and publisher, in 1845. It was initially intended to be a weekly newspaper that would cover the latest developments in science and technology. Over the years, the publication evolved into a monthly magazine and expanded its coverage to include biology, chemistry, physics, and other scientific disciplines.2. Editorial FocusThe editorial focus of Scientific American is on makingplex scientific topics accessible to a broad audience. The magazine's articles are written in a clear and engaging style, making them understandable to both lay readers and experts in the field. In addition to feature articles, the magazine includes regular columns on topics such as health, environmental science, andtechnology.3. ContributorsOne of the magazine's strengths is its roster of expert contributors. Scientific American has featured articles by many leading scientists and thinkers, including Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, and Stephen Hawking. The magazine also publishes interviews with prominent researchers and experts, providing readers with insights into the latest developments in science and technology.4. Awards and RecognitionOver the years, Scientific American has received numerous awards and accolades for its high-quality content. The magazine has been honored for its outstanding reporting and writing, and it has been recognized as a valuable resource for educators and students. Scientific American has also been pr本人sed for its efforts to promote public understanding of science.5. Digital PresenceIn addition to its print edition, Scientific American has a strong digital presence. The magazine's website features additional content, including videos, podcasts, and interactive features. Italso provides access to an extensive archive of past articles, making it a valuable resource for researchers and enthusiasts.6. AudienceScientific American has a broad readership that includes scientists, educators, students, and the general public. The magazine's accessible writing style and diverse range of topics make it appealing to a wide audience. In addition to its print edition, the magazine reaches readers around the world through its digital platforms.7. ImpactOver its long history, Scientific American has had a significant impact on the popularization of science. The magazine has helped to educate and inspire readers, and its articles have contributed to public discourse on important scientific issues. Scientific American continues to play a vital role in promoting science literacy and understanding.In conclusion, Scientific American is a leading publication that has been at the forefront of science journalism for over 175 years. With its accessible writing style, expert contributors, anddiverse range of topics, the magazine continues to inform and inspire readers around the world.。
火星救援英文英语介绍
The Martian is a 2015 American science fiction film.(科幻片)
After being hit by a nasty sandstorm on Mars, astronaut Mark Watney is presumed dead and is left behind by his fellow crewmembers. With the next mission scheduled to arrive in four years, Watney has to come up with ways to grow food and create water on Mars while trying to contact NASA. He also manages to scavenge resources to produce energy to keep the rover working.
Every human being has a basic instinct: to help each other out. If a hiker gets lost in the mountains, people will coordinate a search. If a train crashes, people will line up to give blood. If an earthquake levels a city, people all over the world will send emergency supplies. This is so fundamentally human that it's found in every culture without exception.
英语短文欣赏：ScientificAmerican
英语短文欣赏：ScientificAmerican英语短文欣赏：Scientific AmericanForty-six million years ago, northwest Montana was a tropical forest of giant ferns, conifers and ginkgos. Tiny primates lived there, as did rhinos and horses and crocs. Along with some less charismatic creatures: mosquitoes.One of those millions of mosquitoes was then blown onto the surface of an ancient lake. Unable to lift off, it eventually sank to the bottom. And became a fossil.The fossil mosquito was recently found. And analyzed. Scientists found that its belly contained iron, bound up in a molecule called heme—the compound in blood that carries oxygen. So it appears this sucker died and fossilized with a bellyful of blood—the only known specimen. The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Dale E. Greenwalt et al., Hemoglobin-derived porphyrins preserved in a Middle Eocene blood-engorged mosquito]Now I know what you're thinking. "This fossilized tree sap waited for millions of years, with the mosquito inside. Until Jurassic Park scientists came along."Well, not quite. DNA breaks down too quickly. And this skeeter lived 20 million years after dinos went extinct. Though researchers say it may have dined on birds--which are, in some sense, blood relatives.—Christopher Intagliata。
American_Science美国科技
The ―Start button‖ won't appear in left-hand corner at the bottom of desktop in operating system "Windows 8"
The data of February 2012 showed that the operating system of Android smartphone occupied 52.5% market share in global, and China's market share was 68.4%.
Elias Howe
Байду номын сангаас 1876 Telephone
Born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander Graham Bell was the son and grandson of authorities in elocution and the correction of speech. Educated to pursue a career in the same specialty, his knowledge of the nature of sound led him not only to teach the deaf, but also to invent the telephone. Bell's greatest success was achieved on March 10, 1876— The first successful telephone transmission of clear speech using a liquid transmitter when Bell spoke into his device, “Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you.” and Watson heard each word distinctly.
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X-37B
is a kind of air-space fighter which is created by American Boeingcompany. It can be reduced and didn’t need man to operate .Also,this is the first fighter which can not only fly on hit of the satellite of the Earth ,but also the atmosphere.It’s considered the embryonic form of future air-space fighter.
Video
In 16th,July,1969,America sent the first astronaut that is called Neil Armstrong into the moon.
When he got on the moon, he left a footprint and said, "That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind. "
American Science & Technology
AMERICAN
美国军事科技
LIMITARY
• UCAV
unmmanned aerial vehicle
X-47B is the first UCAV which
is totally controlled by computers and needn’t man operate at all in human history .It was createdby American Grumman company , and finished Its frist fly successfully inAdwarz Air Force base Which is located in adesert of Califonia on 2014 2 4
Curiosity
Destination: Mars
Time: 26th Nov. 2011
Mars
Mission: Explore the life
Result: There i country in the world which has launched the first space shuttle into space. In 1981,the first practical space shuttle called STS Columbia OV-102 has sent into space. It started a new era in the aviation.
Paul Allen, one of the founders of Microsoft, is designing the biggest space shuttle in the world. He forecasted that it would start its test flight in 2016.The wings will reach a width of a football court as 380 feet.