人教英语一轮复习九年级Unit9课件
合集下载
新人教九年级英语unit9定语从句(共29张PPT)
—That sounds good.
A. to
B. with C. for D. on
我最 棒
3. Lucy loves singers______ are creative and energetic.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. what
4. The action movie______ I saw last week is really exciting.
I like music that/which is loud and energetic.
I like music that/which I can sing along with.
What kind of music do you prefer?
I prefer music that/which is quiet and gentle. I prefer music that/which I can dance to.
1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）关系词判 断 步 骤 :
1.看先行词。
先行词是指人,关系代词 who，that，whom，whose。先行词 指物，关系代词可用which或that;
2.确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
= I love music that is quiet and gentle.
I prefer singers who write their own music.
= I prefer singers that write their own music.
I prefer music that is gentle.
人教版九年级英语全一册第九单元Unit9 Section A (1a-2d)教学PPT课件
Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to.
Section A 1a-2d
目 录
CONTENTS
1 学习目标 3 新课讲解 5 课堂小结 7
2 新课导入 4 当堂小练 6 课后作业
学习目标
Curriculum words：prefer，Australian，electronic，suppose， smooth，spare，director，case，war
新课讲解
Xu Fei: Hmm…I guess he’s OK… Carmen: He’s only OK? You must be joking. Xu Fei: Well, I like musicians who write their own
songs. Dan Dervish doesn’t write his own music. Carmen: Hmm. Well, I think he’s great. Xu Fei: The Modern’s T-shirt is interesting. Carmen: The Modern are really great. I love electronic
歌词
新课导入
What kind of music do you like?
I like music that isn’t too loud./I don’t like loud music.
新课导入
What kind of music do you like?
I like music that is smooth./I like smooth music.
• in that case
Key sentences
Section A 1a-2d
目 录
CONTENTS
1 学习目标 3 新课讲解 5 课堂小结 7
2 新课导入 4 当堂小练 6 课后作业
学习目标
Curriculum words：prefer，Australian，electronic，suppose， smooth，spare，director，case，war
新课讲解
Xu Fei: Hmm…I guess he’s OK… Carmen: He’s only OK? You must be joking. Xu Fei: Well, I like musicians who write their own
songs. Dan Dervish doesn’t write his own music. Carmen: Hmm. Well, I think he’s great. Xu Fei: The Modern’s T-shirt is interesting. Carmen: The Modern are really great. I love electronic
歌词
新课导入
What kind of music do you like?
I like music that isn’t too loud./I don’t like loud music.
新课导入
What kind of music do you like?
I like music that is smooth./I like smooth music.
• in that case
Key sentences
人教版(五四制)九年级全一册英语Unit9 We’re trying to save the earth!课件
When you write on a piece of paper, what do you do? I write on one side only.
I write on both sides.
You use paper on one side only. That’s bad for the Earth.
I recycle the old newspapers.
You throw old newspapers away. You waste paper. That’s bad for the Earth.
You recycle old newspapers. You save paper. That’s good for the Earth.
You use paper on both sides. That’s good for the Earth.
• • • • • • • • •
• •
close down the factories; help to clean up the river; take the bus or subway; ride a bike; bring a bag to go shopping,throw rubbish in the cans; turn off the lights when you leave a room; use paper or resusable bags; recycle books and paper; turn off the shower when you wash your hair; don't use napkins; rethink,reuse, recycle ... ...
Unit9 SectionB3a～SelfCheck课件英语九年级全一册
阅读技能训练
When I turned six，my mother bought me a recorder （直 笛）.The problem was that I didn’t love the recorder.I asked my mother if we could have a piano.“We still can’t afford one because we have not enough money now，” she said.“One day ，I promised.”
In the sixth grade，my mother traded in the recorder for a real clarinet （黑管）.I like the clarinet more，but it still wasn’t a piano.It wasn’t the music that was inside of me.
英 语
Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to
阅读技能训练
回答问题 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写 答案语法正确、语义完整切题。
阅读技能训练
I am Jenny.When I was four years old，I wanted nothing more in life than to play the piano.My best friend Betty had a piano.But Betty could hardly play it.One day my mother came to pick me up from Betty’s house.“Watch this！” I told her.Then I ran to play a song I had learned that morning.I was so proud of what I’d learned.“That’s nice，Jenny，” she said.“But we can’t afford a piano.”
2023年中考英语一轮大单元复习人教版Unit 9-Unit 10【复习课件】
9.那就是在日本人们互相问候的方式。
That's how people in Japan are expected to greet
each other .
10.如果有时间我们常常只是顺便去朋友的家里。
We often just drop by our friends' homes if we have time.
上一页 返回导航 下一页
20.clean … off 把……擦掉 21.take off 脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞 22.as … as possible 尽可能…… 23.table manners 餐桌礼仪 24.go out of one's way 特地；格外努力 25.make … feel at home 使(某人)感到宾至如归 26.get used to 习惯于
12.在中国，你不应该把你的筷子插入食物中。
In China，you're not supposed to stick your chopsticks into
the food. 13.他们尽力让我感觉像在自己家一样。
They go
out
of their way to make me feel
at
上一页 返回导航 下一页
Unit 10 13.亲吻；接吻(v.& n．) kiss 14.首都；国都(n.) capital 15.正午；中午(n.) noon 16.很生气；疯的(adj.) mad 17.护照(n.) passport 18.粉笔(n.) chalk 19.黑板(n.) blackboard
拯救世界。
I can just shut
off my brain， sit back and enjoy
人教版英语九全Unit9 SectionA(3a-3c)课件(共33张)
When I’m down or tired, I prefer movies that can cheer me up. Comedies like Men in Black or cartoons like Kung fu Panda have funny dialogs and usually have a happy ending.
When I like watch movies Examples (movie
I’m… that/which…
names)
happy have happy endings
Pride and prejudice
sad make me laugh Despicable Me 2
tired let me just sit back and relax
dramas or documentaries.
T 3.A certain subject can be interesting in
documentaries.
T 4.The writer may prefer to watch Kung Fu
Panda after the hard work.
F 5.The writer would watch a scary movie with
I can just shut off my brain, sit back and enjoy watching an exciting superhero who always save the world just in time.
Once in a while, I like to watch movies that are scary. They can be fun, but I’m too scared to watch them alone. I always bring a friend who isn’t afraid of these kinds of movies, and it doesn’t feel so scary anymore.
When I like watch movies Examples (movie
I’m… that/which…
names)
happy have happy endings
Pride and prejudice
sad make me laugh Despicable Me 2
tired let me just sit back and relax
dramas or documentaries.
T 3.A certain subject can be interesting in
documentaries.
T 4.The writer may prefer to watch Kung Fu
Panda after the hard work.
F 5.The writer would watch a scary movie with
I can just shut off my brain, sit back and enjoy watching an exciting superhero who always save the world just in time.
Once in a while, I like to watch movies that are scary. They can be fun, but I’m too scared to watch them alone. I always bring a friend who isn’t afraid of these kinds of movies, and it doesn’t feel so scary anymore.
人教版九年级英语unit9全单元课件分析
Words and expressions
crispy adj. 脆的；易碎的 salty adj. 咸的；含盐的 sour adj. 酸的； 酸味的
by mistake 错误地 chef n. 厨师
sprinkle v. 撒（粉末状物）； 洒（液体）
Great Inventions
light bulb
+ 及物动词的过去分词”。 ②invent动词，意为“发明”，指发明以前从未存在过的
东西。 e.g. Do you know who invented the light bulb?
拓展：动词（发明）， 名词（发明） 名词（发明家）
辨析：invent/discover
2. It’s used for scooping really cold ice cream. (P69) ①be used for sth./doing sth.意为“被用来做某事”，表示
bush n. 灌木；灌木丛 fall into 落入；陷入 remain v. 留下；被遗留；剩余；
保持不变
Words and expressions
notice v. 注意到；察觉到 produce v. 生产；制造；产生 pleasant adj. 合意的；令人愉快的；
讨人喜欢的 mixture n. 混合；混合物；混合剂 in this way 这样
I’m sorry that I took your schoolbag _b_y_m__is_t_a_k_e. 【要点点拨】by mistake意为“错误地”， 常置于句末。
【拓展延伸】mistake作名词时，还可构 成短语：make a mistake犯错误。 mistake还可用作动词，常用于 mistake…for…表示“把……误认 为……”。如：
九年级Units9-10复习课件
6. I like smooth music that __h_e_l_p_s_m__e_r_e_la_x___ after a long week at work. 我喜欢舒缓的音乐，它能帮助我在一周漫长的工作后放松下来。 7. I prefer movies that give me something to __t_h_i_n_k_a_b__o_u_t____． 我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。 8. Each country has __d__if_fe_r_e_n_t_r_u_l_e_s_a_b_o_u_t_s_o_c_i_a_l _si_t_u_a_ti_o_n_s___． 每个国家都有关于社交场合的不同规则。
3.total A.adj.总的;全体的 B.n.总数;合计 ①The club has a total of 300 members. __B____ ②(2021 陕西)More than half of our total body weight is water. __A____
4.master A.v.掌握,精通 B.n.大师;能手 C.adj.练的 D.n.硕士 ①(2021 泰安)It took Wang three years to master this skill. __A____ ②(2021 台州) We met when he was getting his master’s in college. ___D___ ③(2021 成都) Now she is a master. She said there are 32 steps to make a pair, but the most important step is making the soles. __B____ ④As a master cook, he can cook many delicious food. ___C___
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
When was it invented?
复习目标： 1.掌握Unit9的重点词组和句型 2.灵活运用被动语态by+ pp结构 3.了解一些发明物的发明史
Unit 9 New Words
/in'vent/ vt. 发明；创造 invent calculator /'kælkjuleitə/ n.计算器 be used for 用来做… scoop /sku:p/ n. 勺子；v.用勺舀 /ə'dʒʌstəbl/ a. 可调整的 adjustable /hi:l/n. 脚后跟 heel /'bætəri/ n. 电池 battery /'ɔpəreit/ v. 作业；操作 operate battery-operated 电池供电的 slipper /'slipə/ n. 拖鞋 / hi:t /v.加热;使变热 heat /bʌlb/ n. 电灯泡；电灯 bulb n. 电灯泡 light bulb
四、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤: They 主语 speak 谓语 English. 宾语
English 主语
is spoken 谓语动词的过去分词
by them. 宾语
主动语态变为被动语态的步骤
(1)主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
(2)主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语 动词，即”“be+及物动词的过去分 词”(be有时态、人称和数的变化)。 (3)主动语态的主语变为by的宾语。
leaves from a nearby bush 31.落入… fall into … 32.在那里留了一段时间 remain there for some time in this way 36.就这样 the flying disk 40.飞碟
41.在20世纪50年代 in the 1950s eat pie 42..吃馅饼 writing tests 44.笔试 45.一支既可以挺有可以写的钢笔 a pen that listens and writes in the sixth century 52.在六世纪 53.一项古老的发明 an ancient invention 54.到中国各地旅游 travel around China everywhere you go 55.无论你去哪里 the sport of basketball 58.篮球运动 59.有一百多年的历史 is a little over a hundred years old
/'maikrəweiv/ n. 微波 microwave / 'ɔvən/ n. 微波炉 microwave oven /'krispi/ a. 脆的；易碎的 crispy /'sɔ:lti/ a. 咸的；含盐的 salty /'sauə/ a. 酸的；发酵的 sour by mistake 错误地 chef /ʃef/ n. 厨师 /'spriŋkl/ v. 撒(粉末状物)；洒(液 sprinkle 体) 偶然地；意外地 by accident /'bevəridʒ/ n. 饮料 beverage according to 根据；按照 /'einʃənt/ a. 古代的；古老的 ancient
86.….的数量 87….的数量 90.已经增加 91.增加了 92.增加到 93.保持你健康
the number of… the number of has increased increase by… increase to… keep you healthy
Grammar focus
一、语态 英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示 主语是动作的承受者,在被动语态中动作 的执行者 有时用by短语表示出来. 二、被动语态的构成 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 am(is,are)+done 一般现在时 was(were)+done 一般过去时
/'ledʒənd/ n. 传说；传奇故事 legend /buʃ/ n. 灌木；灌木丛 bush 落入；陷入 fall into /ri'mein/v. 保持不变；留下；余留 remain /'nəutis /v. 注意到;察觉到 notice produce /prəu'dju:s/ v. 生产；制造 /'plezənt/ a. 令人愉快的；舒适的；讨人喜欢的 pleasant 这样 in this way /pai/ n.馅饼 pie flying disk /'flaiiŋ//disk/ 飞碟；飞盘 bakery /'beikəri/ n. 面包店 /„bridʒpɔ:t/ 布里奇波特(美国康涅狄格州西南
六、被动语态的几种句型： 肯定句 主语+be+过去分词+(by…) A sweet song was sung by her on the stage. 否定句 主语+be+not+过去分词+(by…) A sweet song wasn‟t sung by her on the stage. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+(by…) Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…) Where was a sweet song sung by her?
The passive voice
三、被动语态的用法 1. 不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态. eg. My bike was stolen yesterday. This car is made in American. 2. 不必要说出动作执行者时,常用被动语态。 eg. Rome was not built in a day. 3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态. eg. Thousands of beaches are polluted .
72.把球投人蓝内 get a ball into the basket 73.挂在金属框圈上的一个网 a net hanging from a metal hoop guide … into … 75.引导…进入 It is believed that… 78.人们认为 in history 79.历史上 at home 82.国内 from then on… 83,从那时起 the popularity of 84….的流行程度 85.在世界范围内大大提升 ing China 61.一位名叫…的加拿大博士 a Canadian doctor named… be at college 62.上大学 play indoors 63.在室内玩 on a hard wooden floor 65.在硬木板上 the safety of 66….的安全 knock into 67.与…相撞 fall down 68.跌倒 divide …into… 69.把…分成 teach …to do… 70.教某人做某事 the aim of… 71….的目标
Bridgeport /kə'netikət/ (美国)康涅狄格州 Connecticut
throw /θrəu/ v. 扔；掷 taste /teist/ n. 味道;风味 lemon /'lemən/ n. 柠檬 /'kuki/ n. 饼干；曲奇饼 cookie abacus /'æbəkəs/ n. 算盘 /bai'nɔkjuləz/ n. 双筒望远镜 binoculars /'sentʃəri/ n. 世纪，百年 century /ræŋk/ n.顺序；级别 rank /'æ ktiv/ adj. 活动的；活泼的； active 积极的 indoors /in'dɔ:z/ adv. 在户内 indoors /kri'eit/ vt. 创造；创作；创建 create /'wudn/ a. 木制的 wooden
Key phrases
be invented by… 1.由…发明的 3.电池控制的拖鞋 battery-operated slippers be used for doing… 6.被用来做… 7.被…使用 be used by… 15.错误地 by mistake 16.足够咸 salty enough 18..最后 in the end 19….的历史 the history of 20．一个叫…的厨师 a chef called… 21.在上面撒许多盐 sprinkle lots of salt on them
23.偶然地 by accident 24.被发现 be discovered 26.根据… according to… 27.一个古代的中国传说 an ancient Chinese legend 29.在一个户外的炉子上烧水喝 boil drinking water over an open fire 30.附近一些灌木的叶子
knock /nɔk/ v. 敲；碰撞；击 knock into 与…相撞 /di'vaid/ vt. 分开，划分 divide aim /eim/ n. 目的，目标 basket /'bɑ:skit/ n. 篮子 /i'kwipmənt/ n. 装备，设备 equipment metal /'metl/ n. 金属 hoop /hu:p/ n. 环；圈；篮圈 /ʃu:t/ v. 射击；投篮 shoot /bi'ləu/ prep. 在. . . 下面；低于 below backboard /'bæ kbɔ:d/ n. 篮板；背板 backboard /ɡaid/ v.指导；带领 guide
towards /tə'wɔ:dz/ prep. 向着，朝着 court /kɔ:t/ n.球场 Berlin /bə:'lin/ n. 柏林 develop /di'veləp/ v. (使)发展；(使)成长； develop (使)发达 /,pɔpju'lærəti/ n. 普及；流行 popularity rise /raiz/ v.上升;达到较高水平等 /'rizən/ v. 上升；上涨(rise的过去词) risen /'wə:ld,waid/ a. 世界范围的；世界性的 worldwide /ə,səusi'eiʃən/ n. 协会 association /i'kwipment/ n.装备;器材 equipment
复习目标： 1.掌握Unit9的重点词组和句型 2.灵活运用被动语态by+ pp结构 3.了解一些发明物的发明史
Unit 9 New Words
/in'vent/ vt. 发明；创造 invent calculator /'kælkjuleitə/ n.计算器 be used for 用来做… scoop /sku:p/ n. 勺子；v.用勺舀 /ə'dʒʌstəbl/ a. 可调整的 adjustable /hi:l/n. 脚后跟 heel /'bætəri/ n. 电池 battery /'ɔpəreit/ v. 作业；操作 operate battery-operated 电池供电的 slipper /'slipə/ n. 拖鞋 / hi:t /v.加热;使变热 heat /bʌlb/ n. 电灯泡；电灯 bulb n. 电灯泡 light bulb
四、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤: They 主语 speak 谓语 English. 宾语
English 主语
is spoken 谓语动词的过去分词
by them. 宾语
主动语态变为被动语态的步骤
(1)主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
(2)主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语 动词，即”“be+及物动词的过去分 词”(be有时态、人称和数的变化)。 (3)主动语态的主语变为by的宾语。
leaves from a nearby bush 31.落入… fall into … 32.在那里留了一段时间 remain there for some time in this way 36.就这样 the flying disk 40.飞碟
41.在20世纪50年代 in the 1950s eat pie 42..吃馅饼 writing tests 44.笔试 45.一支既可以挺有可以写的钢笔 a pen that listens and writes in the sixth century 52.在六世纪 53.一项古老的发明 an ancient invention 54.到中国各地旅游 travel around China everywhere you go 55.无论你去哪里 the sport of basketball 58.篮球运动 59.有一百多年的历史 is a little over a hundred years old
/'maikrəweiv/ n. 微波 microwave / 'ɔvən/ n. 微波炉 microwave oven /'krispi/ a. 脆的；易碎的 crispy /'sɔ:lti/ a. 咸的；含盐的 salty /'sauə/ a. 酸的；发酵的 sour by mistake 错误地 chef /ʃef/ n. 厨师 /'spriŋkl/ v. 撒(粉末状物)；洒(液 sprinkle 体) 偶然地；意外地 by accident /'bevəridʒ/ n. 饮料 beverage according to 根据；按照 /'einʃənt/ a. 古代的；古老的 ancient
86.….的数量 87….的数量 90.已经增加 91.增加了 92.增加到 93.保持你健康
the number of… the number of has increased increase by… increase to… keep you healthy
Grammar focus
一、语态 英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示 主语是动作的承受者,在被动语态中动作 的执行者 有时用by短语表示出来. 二、被动语态的构成 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 am(is,are)+done 一般现在时 was(were)+done 一般过去时
/'ledʒənd/ n. 传说；传奇故事 legend /buʃ/ n. 灌木；灌木丛 bush 落入；陷入 fall into /ri'mein/v. 保持不变；留下；余留 remain /'nəutis /v. 注意到;察觉到 notice produce /prəu'dju:s/ v. 生产；制造 /'plezənt/ a. 令人愉快的；舒适的；讨人喜欢的 pleasant 这样 in this way /pai/ n.馅饼 pie flying disk /'flaiiŋ//disk/ 飞碟；飞盘 bakery /'beikəri/ n. 面包店 /„bridʒpɔ:t/ 布里奇波特(美国康涅狄格州西南
六、被动语态的几种句型： 肯定句 主语+be+过去分词+(by…) A sweet song was sung by her on the stage. 否定句 主语+be+not+过去分词+(by…) A sweet song wasn‟t sung by her on the stage. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+(by…) Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…) Where was a sweet song sung by her?
The passive voice
三、被动语态的用法 1. 不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态. eg. My bike was stolen yesterday. This car is made in American. 2. 不必要说出动作执行者时,常用被动语态。 eg. Rome was not built in a day. 3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态. eg. Thousands of beaches are polluted .
72.把球投人蓝内 get a ball into the basket 73.挂在金属框圈上的一个网 a net hanging from a metal hoop guide … into … 75.引导…进入 It is believed that… 78.人们认为 in history 79.历史上 at home 82.国内 from then on… 83,从那时起 the popularity of 84….的流行程度 85.在世界范围内大大提升 ing China 61.一位名叫…的加拿大博士 a Canadian doctor named… be at college 62.上大学 play indoors 63.在室内玩 on a hard wooden floor 65.在硬木板上 the safety of 66….的安全 knock into 67.与…相撞 fall down 68.跌倒 divide …into… 69.把…分成 teach …to do… 70.教某人做某事 the aim of… 71….的目标
Bridgeport /kə'netikət/ (美国)康涅狄格州 Connecticut
throw /θrəu/ v. 扔；掷 taste /teist/ n. 味道;风味 lemon /'lemən/ n. 柠檬 /'kuki/ n. 饼干；曲奇饼 cookie abacus /'æbəkəs/ n. 算盘 /bai'nɔkjuləz/ n. 双筒望远镜 binoculars /'sentʃəri/ n. 世纪，百年 century /ræŋk/ n.顺序；级别 rank /'æ ktiv/ adj. 活动的；活泼的； active 积极的 indoors /in'dɔ:z/ adv. 在户内 indoors /kri'eit/ vt. 创造；创作；创建 create /'wudn/ a. 木制的 wooden
Key phrases
be invented by… 1.由…发明的 3.电池控制的拖鞋 battery-operated slippers be used for doing… 6.被用来做… 7.被…使用 be used by… 15.错误地 by mistake 16.足够咸 salty enough 18..最后 in the end 19….的历史 the history of 20．一个叫…的厨师 a chef called… 21.在上面撒许多盐 sprinkle lots of salt on them
23.偶然地 by accident 24.被发现 be discovered 26.根据… according to… 27.一个古代的中国传说 an ancient Chinese legend 29.在一个户外的炉子上烧水喝 boil drinking water over an open fire 30.附近一些灌木的叶子
knock /nɔk/ v. 敲；碰撞；击 knock into 与…相撞 /di'vaid/ vt. 分开，划分 divide aim /eim/ n. 目的，目标 basket /'bɑ:skit/ n. 篮子 /i'kwipmənt/ n. 装备，设备 equipment metal /'metl/ n. 金属 hoop /hu:p/ n. 环；圈；篮圈 /ʃu:t/ v. 射击；投篮 shoot /bi'ləu/ prep. 在. . . 下面；低于 below backboard /'bæ kbɔ:d/ n. 篮板；背板 backboard /ɡaid/ v.指导；带领 guide
towards /tə'wɔ:dz/ prep. 向着，朝着 court /kɔ:t/ n.球场 Berlin /bə:'lin/ n. 柏林 develop /di'veləp/ v. (使)发展；(使)成长； develop (使)发达 /,pɔpju'lærəti/ n. 普及；流行 popularity rise /raiz/ v.上升;达到较高水平等 /'rizən/ v. 上升；上涨(rise的过去词) risen /'wə:ld,waid/ a. 世界范围的；世界性的 worldwide /ə,səusi'eiʃən/ n. 协会 association /i'kwipment/ n.装备;器材 equipment