【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】精细有机合成单元反应2012
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语（1）2012
【青岛⼤学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语（1）2012青岛⼤学2012年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学试题科⽬代码：642 科⽬名称：基础英语（1）(共13页)请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上⽆效PART I VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE （40 points）Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1. It is difficult to _______of a plan to end poverty.A. speculateB. conceiveC. ponderD. reckon2. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ____ majority are inactive.A. tremendousB. demandingC. intensiveD. overwhelming3. Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules andrarely______ from this routine.A. deviatedB. disconnectedC. detachedD. distorted4. Being cynical, he was reluctant to ______ the unselfishness of any kind of act until he had ruled out all possible secret, uncharitable motives.A.questionB. endureC. creditD. witness5. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope to make the contents of manuscripts more_____ to scholars.A.accessibleB. objectiveC. appealingD. implicit6. Despite all its ______, a term of enlistment in the Peace Corps can be both stirring and satisfying to a college graduate still undecided on a career.B. renownC. romanceD. frustrations7. Fitness experts claim that jogging is ; once you begin to jog regularly, you may be unable to stop, because you are sure to love it more and more all the time.A. exhaustingB. illusiveC. addictiveD. overrated8. He open quoted "reason over passion" as maxim in the longstanding division among Canada's English-speaking majority and the French descended minority concentrated in his home province of Quebec.A. adjustingB. reconcilingC. conqueringD. consolidating9. Although most dreams apparently happen _______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously10. The morning news says a school bus ______ with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.A. bumpedB. collidedC. crashedD. struck11. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______ to him, but one day he discovered their difference.A. identicalB. parallelC. verticalD. specific12. Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was singleminded and uncompromising in her strict ______ the letter of the law.A.dismissal ofB. deviation fromC. adherence to13. The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated.A. extravagantlyB. exceptionallyC. empiricallyD. explicitly14. Despite almost universal______ of the vital importance of women's literacy, education remains a dream for far too many women in far too many countries of the world.A. identificationB. confessionC. complimentD. acknowledgement15. As visiting scholars, they _____willingly to the customs of the country they live in.A. submitB. commitC. conformD. subject16. Despite the ______ of the materials with which he worked, many of Tiffany’s Glass masterpieces have survived for more than seventy years.A.beautyB. abundanceC. majestyD. fragility17. Shares on the stock market have _____ as a result of worldwideeconomic downturn.A. turnedB. changedC. floatedD.18. He plays tennis to the ______A. eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. inclusion19. Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been,unhappily, more likely to intimidate or his readers than to lure them into his fictional world.A. fascinateB. strengthenC. transformD. repel20. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ______.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out21. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.A. thresholdB. edgeC. porchD. course22. As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.A. flexibleB. versatileC. sophisticatedD. productive23. First published in 1927, the charts remain an _______ source for researchersA. intelligentB. indispensableC. inevitableD. identical24. Contemporary critics often _____the poet Longfellow as a simple sentimentalist who relied too much on poetic meters only suitable for light verse.B. endorseC. dismissD. acclaim25. Despite careful restoration and cleaning of the murals in the 1960s, the colors slowly but steadily _______.A.persistedB. saturatedC. deterioratedD. stabilized26. Governments today play an increasingly larger role in theof welfare, economics, and education.A. scopesB. rangesC. ranksD. domains27. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but inf act he was a(n)________.A. alienB. clientC. counterpartD. fraud28. Their claims to damages have not been _______ convincingly.A. refutedB. overwhelmedC. depressedD. intimidated29. It was__________ that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.A. addictedB. allegedC. assaultedD. ascribed.30. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writer’s willingness to________ popular tastes.A. struggle againstB. cater toC. admire31. Dominant interests often benefit most from________ ofgovernment interference in business, since they are able to takecare of themselves if left alone.A. intensificationB. authorizationC. centralizationD. elimination32. Excellent films are those which national and culturalbarriers.A. transcendB. traverseC. abolishD. suppress33. Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infantmortality rates, and thus ________ the overpopulation problem.A. eliminatedB. aggravatedC. minimizedD. distorted34. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily_______ behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking the use of sexual stereotypes.A. penalizesB. advocatesC. ignoresD. advertises35. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a singleword when she can substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.A. verbosityB. simplicityC. cogencyD. rhetoric36. Dr. Smith cautioned that the data so far are not sufficientlyto warrant dogmatic assertions by either side in the debate.A. hypotheticalC. controversialD. unequivocal37. It was only the first day of summer vacation, but his nerves werealready____ by the constant clamor of the children.A. eliminatedB. alleviatedC. provokedD. frayed38. Even if you do not what I have to say, I would appreciateyour listening to me with an open mind.A. concur withB. rejectC. clarifyD. deviate from39. He is the only person who can_______ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysterious1y.A. testifyB. chargeC. accuseD. rectify40. He was success, painting not for the sake of fame ormonetary reward, but for the sheer love of art.A. indifferent toB. destined forC. jaded byD. enamored ofPART II CLOZE (10 Points)Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper,adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affectsthe lives of our young by acting as a(an) 1 for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it 2 a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screenis usually at the 3 of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest. 4 by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly 5 themselveswith different characters. Americans have been concerned aboutmedia 8 , such as video games, cable television, music videos,and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, thesemedia, 9 television, 10 public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation 11 by the media, is body image. 12 forces caninfluence body image positively or negatively. 13 one, societal andcultural norms and mass media marketing 14 our concepts ofbeauty. In the mass media, the images of 15 beauty fill magazinesand newspapers, 16 from our televisions and entertainus 17 the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media 18 onaccepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain.Young adults are presented with a 19 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n) 20 that carries unrealistic physical expectations.1 A. alternative B. preference C. substitute D. representative2 A. accomplishes B. fulfills C. provides D. suffices3 A. risk B. mercy C. height D. expense4 A. Absorbed B. Attracted C. Aroused D. Addicted5 A. identify B. recognize C. unify D. equate6 A. abundance B. incidence C. prevalence D. recurrence7 A. disposed B. hidden C. implicit D. potential8 A. merged B. emerged C. immerged D. submerged9 A. apart from B. much as C. but for D. along with10 A. promote B. propel C. prompt D. prosper11 A. inspired B. imposed C. delivered D. contributed12 A. External B. Exterior C. Explicit D. Exposed13 A. As B. At C. For D. In14 A. mark B. effect C. impact D. shock15 A. generalized B. regularized C. standardized D. categorized16 A. boom B. bottom C. brim D. beam17 A. over B. with C. on D. at18 A. play B. take C. profit D. resort19 A. barely B. carefully C. narrowly D. subjectively20 A. ideal B. image C. stereotype D. criterion PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by atotal of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages andthen write your answers on your answer sheet.In the 1950’s, as a writer and editor for Architectural Forum magazine, Jane Jacobs often visited housing projects designed by someof the leading architects of the day.In some cases, she observed that whole districts had been torndown and replaced by meticulously planned new buildings and parks,each of them a monument to its creator’s love of orderliness and hatredof traditional urban chaos. She discovered that these projects werestrikingly unsuccessful because they were imposed on rather thancreated in collaboration with the people using them. Intentionally, they eliminated diversity—stores were separated from dwellings, for instance—and yet diversity was the very quality that made city life interesting and enjoyable. Planners with the best of intentions hadcreated great windswept open spaced that no one wanted to use. Ms.Jacobs noticed that people preferred to spend their time visiting the oldand chaotic-looking neighborhoods nearby.In her writings she argued for the appreciation and nurturing of spontaneity and inventiveness of individuals rather than the generalized and abstract plans of governments and corporations. TheDeath and Life of Great American Cities was about planning, but alsoabout the spirit and energy that animate cities and civilizations. Jacobsargued that we must love cities for what they are: not poor imitationsof the countryside or works of art designed by master planners but unpredictable, exuberant, and surprising rich creations of those whoknow how to use them and care for them. People who were influencedby her argument began to think differently not only about planning of cities but also about spontaneity and diversity as virtues in themselves.1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainlyconcerned?A. Architectural writers of the 1950’s.B. Jane Jacobs’ observations about city planning.C. The need for housing projects.D. The problems caused by urban chaos.2.Jacobs criticized many big housing projects because theyA. were poorly planned and disorderly.B. were not supported by governments and corporations.C. did not reflect the designers’ preferences.D. did not take into account the needs of the people.3.According to Jacobs, the separation of stores from dwellings wasan example of theB. desire for spontaneity.C. expression of individualism.D. elimination of diversity.4.Which of the following can be inferred about Jacobs?A. She thought cities were too crowded.B. She preferred neighborhoods where businesses and residencesare mixed.C. She lived in a planned community.D. She was concerned about safety standards in old buildings.5.According to Jacobs, where do people who live in housing projectsprefer to spend their time?A. In the countryside.B. In parks.C. At museums.D. In traditional city neighborhoods.Passage 2That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been consideredthe prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940's, it was only after 1945---when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world---that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was the work of women.By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, "For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail." （17-18）Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, "I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind." （24-26）Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedra l and NightCathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.6.The passage focuses primarily on which of the following?B.The work of a particular artistC.The artistic influences on women sculptorsD.Critical responses to twentieth-century sculpture7.Which of the following statements is supported by informationgiven in the passage?A.Since 1945 women sculptors in the United States haveproduced more sculpture than have men sculptors.B.From 1900 to 1950 women sculptors in Europe enjoyed morerecognition for their work than did women sculptors in theUnited States.C.Prior to 1945 there were many women sculptors whose workwas ignored by critics.D.Prior to 1945 there was little major sculpture produced by menor women sculptors working the United States.8.The author quotes Hilton Kramer in lines 17-18 most probably inorder to illustrate which of the following?A.The realism of Nevelson's work.B.The unique qualities of Nevelon's style.C.The extent of critical approval of Nevelson's work.D.A distinction between sculpture and painting.9. Which of the following is one way in which Nevelson's art illustrates her theory as it is expressed in lines 24-26?A.She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or stone.B.She paints her sculptures and frames them in boxes.C.She makes no preliminary sketches but rather than allows the sculpture to develop as she works.D.She puts together pieces of ordinary objects once used for different purposes to make her sculptures.10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Nevelson's sculptures?A.They suggest religious and symbolic meanings.B.They do not have qualities characteristic of sculpture.C.They are mysterious and awe-inspiring, but not beautiful.D.They are uniquely American in style and sensibility.Passage 3The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servant’s position was improving during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’s interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the1630’s on those points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.This possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harshertreatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America-such as a Roman conception of a slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality-explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lake of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.11. Which of the following statements best describes the organizationof lines 1-5 of the passage?A. A historical trend is sketched and an exception to that trend is cited.B. Evidence for a historical irregularity is mentioned and ageneralization from that evidence is advanced.C. A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.D. An interpretation of the rise of an institution is stated andevidence for that interpretation is provided.12. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawnfrom the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures”(lines 14-15) passed during and after the 1660’s?A. The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black aswell as of White servants.B. The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving theposition of White servants relative to what it had been beforethe 1660’s.C. The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servantsto remain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.D. The acts, as the very least, tended to reflect the attitudes towardBlack servants that already existed before the 1660’s.13. With which of the following statements regarding the status ofBlack people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660’s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?A. Although Black people were not legally considered to be slaves,they were often called slaves.B. Although subject to some discrimination, Black people had ahigher legal status than they did after the 1660’s.C. Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, Black peoplewere not legally considered to be slaves.D. Although often not treated the same as White people, Blackpeople, like many White people, possessed the legal status of servants.14. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of thefollowing about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?A. Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.B. Racial prejudice most often took the form of the imposition ofinherited status, one of the attributes of slavery.C. The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.D. Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, racialprejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.15. With which of the following statements regarding the reason forthe introduction of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America would the author be most likely to agree?A. The introduction is partly to be explained by reference to theorigins of slavery, before the 1660’s, in the Spanish andPortuguese colonies.B. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to adecline than to an improvement in the position of White servants in the colonies during and after 1660’s.C. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe position of Black servants in the colonies in the 1630’s thanby reference to their position in the 1640’s and 1650’s.D. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe history of Black people in the colonies before 1660 than byreference to the improving position of White servants duringand after the 1660’s.PART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (30 Points)To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, and the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own - and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a suddenalienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.PART V WRITING (40 Points)Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion?Write an essay of about 400 words, expressing your views on the topic above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
青岛大学_卫生综合_2012年_考研真题
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题学科代码：353 科目名称：卫生综合（共6页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效第一至第四大题仅供学术型考生答题，第五大题仅供专业学位考生答题一、名词解释（每题4分，共64分，仅供学术型考生答题）1.Ames试验2.慢性毒作用带3.LD504.光化学烟雾：5.Biomagnification6.生化需氧量7.尘肺8.职业中毒9.动力定型10.Neyman bias11. 历史性队列研究12. 伤残调整生命年13. 反式脂肪酸14．基础代谢15．INQ16．食品强化二、填空题（每空1分，共32分，仅供学术型考生答题）1.化学致癌过程可分为______，______和______三个阶段。
2.生物学标志主要包括______，______和______三种类型。
3.含氮有机物在土壤中进行无机化的第一个阶段是__ __作用。
4.全球环境的三大主要问题是，__ _和____ __。
5.氡及其短命子体对人体健康的危害主要是引起__ ____。
6.水俣病是由___ ___中毒引起的。
7.慢性苯中毒主要累及__ _ __系统，急性苯中毒主要累及__ _ __系统.8.矽肺是因长期吸入__ _ ___粉尘引起的，长期吸入硅酸盐粉尘可引起__ _ __ _。
9.职业性雷诺现象也称为__ _ ___。
10.低频率、大振幅的全身振动，引起的运动病也称为 ___。
11.在描述性研究中，一般无须特设，其研究资料的主要分析指标是。
12.阴性似然比是与之比。
13.疾病分布，季节性的两种表现形式为：__________和__________。
14.通常使用来表示食品中可被微生物利用的水，其与微生物的生长繁殖、食品品质和储藏性存在着密切的关系。
15.硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐对菌有特殊的抑制作用，我国规定硝酸钠（钾）在肉制品中的最大使用量为。
16.谷类食品蛋白质的第一限制氨基酸是。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】有机化学2012
15、 2,3-丁二醇跟什么试剂反应得到 CH3CHO？ 16、 m-甲氧基苯甲酸(I), p-甲氧基苯甲酸(II) 与苯甲酸(III) 的酸性 大小是: (A) I>II>III (B) III>I>II (C) I>III>II (D) III>II>I 17、用(1)CH3CH2MgBr (2)H2O 处理乙酰乙酸乙酯得到的是:
(B) III>II>IV>I (B) 光照对旋
CH3 H H CH3
3
(C) IV>II>III>I (C) 加热对旋
(D) IV>III>II>I (D) 光照顺旋
20、下面反应在哪种条件下进行?
21、除去甲苯中少量吡啶可加入: (A) NaOH 溶液 (B) 盐酸(稀) 22、糖醛的结构式是:
+
ICl
?
35、写出下列反应的主要有机产物或所需之原料、试剂(如有立体化学问 题,也应注明)。
?
(1) O3 (2) Zn H2O
2
O
36、写出下列反应的主要有机产物或所需之原料、试剂(如有立体化学问 (1) Na 题请注明)。 ?
Et C CH
(2) EtBr (3) H2/Lindlar催化剂
37、写出下列反应的主要有机产物或所需之原料、试剂(如有立体化学问 题请注明)。 COOH
10、(CH3)3CBr 与乙醇钠在乙醇溶液中反应主要产物是:
11、 在 SN2 反应中,下列哪一个卤代烃与 NaCN 反应速率最快？
(A) (B)
Br
Cl
(C)
Br
(D)
Br
12、
CO 2H
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试(专业设计)试题
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试（专业设计）试题
科目代码： 885 科目名称：专业设计（共 1 页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
题目：设计一款适合 8-12 岁儿童使用的便携式多功能电子产品。
要求：
1、对此特定用户群体及其相关产品进行分析，充分考虑功能、结构、材料、人机关系、操作界面等要素，提出设计概念。
2、根据设计概念进行创意构思，画出 5 个以上不同的草图方案。
3、选出其中一个你认为最满意的方案，画出色彩效果图，内容包括至少两个角度的整体造型，必要的细节刻画和功能图示。
4、完成这个方案的外观三视图，并标注出主要尺寸和比例。
5、写出简要的设计分析和设计说明。
6、工具、表现方法不限。
7、2-3 张四开白卡纸，横向构图。
8、时间：6 小时。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】教育综合2012
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：333 科目名称：教育综合（共2页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、选择题：(每题1分，共计15分)1、活动课程论的代表人物是（）。
A、卢梭B、杜威C、赫尔巴特D、布鲁纳2、普通教育学的研究对象主要是（）。
A、幼儿教育B、中小学教育C、高等教育D、职业技术教育3、乌申斯基指出：“一般说来，儿童是依靠形式、颜色、声音和感觉来进行思维的。
”这就要求我们在教学中要重视运用的原则是（）。
A、循序渐进B、因材施教C、直观性D、巩固性4、“矮子里找高个”、“水涨船高”是一种（）。
A、相对评价B、绝对评价C、定性评价D、定量评价5、“最近发展区”理论假设的提出者是（）。
A、皮亚杰B、罗杰斯C、布鲁纳D、维果斯基6、《理想国》的作者是（）。
A、亚里士多德B、苏格拉底C、柏拉图D、昆体良7、《大教学论》的作者是（）。
A、皮亚杰B、卢梭C、杜威D、夸美纽斯8、教学过程的中心环节是（）。
A、感知教材B、理解教材C、巩固知识D、运用知识9、我国最早提出并实施的现代学制是（）。
A、癸卯学制B、壬寅学制C、壬戌学制D、六-三-三学制10、教学是进行全面发展教育、实现培养目标的（）。
A、基本方法B、基本内容C、基本制度D、基本途径11、《民主主义与教育》的作者是（）。
A、皮亚杰B、赫尔巴特C、杜威D、夸美纽斯12、“得天下之英才而教育之”是谁提出的？（）A、陶行知B、孔子C、孟子D、朱熹13、我国教育目的制定的主要理论基础是（）。
A、马克思主义人的全面发展学说B、实用主义C、建构主义D、教育心理学14、因材施教原则的精神实质是在教学中要（）。
A、针对学生的实际情况B、采用不同的教学方法C、根据不同的教材D、设置不同的专业、学科15、重视学科基本结构，提倡发现学习的是（）。
A、布鲁纳B、布卢姆C、赞可夫D、杜威二、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1、元认知2、班级授课制3、课程标准4、学制5、形成性评价三、简答题：（ 32分）1、简述教育的政治功能（4分）2、简述世纪之交新一轮基础教育课程改革的具体目标（6分）3、简述教为主导、学为主体的教学规律（6分）4、简述建构主义学习理论的基本观点（6分）5、简述教学过程作为一种特殊的认识过程的特殊性（6分）6、我国现行学制的改革趋势（4分）四、论述题（33分）1、结合实际谈谈在教学中怎样处理间接经验与直接经验的关系。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】染整工艺原理2012
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：878 科目名称：染整工艺原理（共1 页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、简答题（共100分）1、棉织物退浆有几种方法？简述酶退浆的基本原理。
（8分）2、叙述纤维素纤维的燃烧裂解及阻燃机理。
（10分）3、蚕丝织物进行盐缩加工的基本原理是什么？（4分）4、试从有机硅的分子结构特点，分析有机硅柔软剂具有优良柔软性能的原因。
（10分）5、试解释丝光和碱缩的定义。
丝光可使棉织物发生什么变化？（6分）6、树脂整理为什么能够起到“防缩”的作用？（6分）7、为什么亲水型含氟嵌段共聚物既有较好的防污性能又有较好的易去污性能？（10分）8、说明直接染料的SDC分类，并比较其染色性能。
（6分）9. 活性染料的染色特征值有哪些？分别代表什么含义？（14分）10. 简述还原染料的染色机理，还原染料的染色过程有哪些基本步骤？（6分）11. 涤纶织物采用何种方式染色时易出现焦油化问题？试分析产生的原因、后果及可以采取的措施。
（10分）12．绘出色浆流体流变曲线图并说明其意义。
（10分）二、论述题（共50分）1、柠檬酸整理织物为何会有变黄现象？氯乙酸为何可降低变黄？（10分）2、写出你所知道的实现涂层织物防水、透湿功能的几种方法，试以其中微孔透湿法为例说明其防水透湿的原理。
（10分）3、涂料印花有什么特点？涂料印花色浆都由什么组成？合成增稠剂是否适于涂料印花？丙烯酸类增稠剂增稠原理是什么？（15分）4、写出K和KN型活性染料的固色机理, 并说明影响染料固色率的因素。
说明活性染料染色后为何需要充分皂洗及所应注意的问题。
（15分）。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】环境科学综合2012
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：837 科目名称：环境科学综合（共3页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效1、名词解释（每题3分，共30分）（1）光化学烟雾（2）生化需氧量（3）环境容量（4）节能减排（5）环境规划（6）PM10（7）土壤净化（8）水体污染（9）固体废物（10）清洁生产2、简答（每题10分，共70分）（1）城市污水三级处理的步骤（2）汽车尾气污染的危害及其防治对策（3）城市垃圾资源化系统技术措施（4）温室效应的原因及其防治对策（5）可持续发展的涵义（6）城市噪声的控制方法（7）环境规划的分类3.论述题（每个问题5分，共30分）（1）2011年3月以来，浙江省湖州市发生血铅超标事件，严重损害公众健康，造成恶劣社会影响。
经调查此次血铅超标事件是因企业违法违规生产、职工卫生防护措施不当，县、镇政府未实现防护距离内居民搬迁承诺，地方政府及相关部门监管及应对不力造成的。
2011年6月份，云南省陆良化工实业有限公司的5000余吨剧毒铬渣被两名承运人非法倾倒在云南曲靖市麒麟区农村，造成附近农村77头牲畜死亡，农田遭污染状况还需进一步评估。
事件调查中发现陆良化工公司有超过14万吨的铬渣在珠江正源的南盘江边长期堆放。
请根据以上材料论述如下问题：①铅、铬等重金属污染的特点②重金属元素在土壤中的污染特征③土壤重金属污染防治对策（2）在2009年9月22日联合国气候变化峰会上，国家主席胡锦涛宣布：中国争取到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年有显著下降。
11月25日，国务院总理温家宝主持召开国务院常务会议，研究部署下一阶段应对气候变化工作，明确了到2020年中国控制温室气体排放的行动目标，并提出相应的政策措施和行动。
此次会议上，我国政府决定到2020年全国单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40-45%。
低碳经济作为一种以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济模式，在全球共同应对气候变化的背景下应运而生，并被专家认为是一场涉及生产方式、生活方式和价值观念的全球性革命。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】语文综合2012
科目代码： 879 科目名称： 语文基础综合 （共 2 页） 请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效。
现代汉语部分
一、名词解释（每题 2.5 分，共 10 分）
1、文学语言：
2、语素：
3、虚词：
4、拈连：
二、综合题（20 分）
1、根据所提供的发音部位或发音方法，在下面的横杠上填上相应的声母
三、问答题（每题 10 分，共 20 分）
1、什么是儿化？请举例说明儿化的作用。
2、举例说明同义词的差别分别体现在哪些方面。
中国文学部分 一、结合作品分析汉乐府诗的主要艺术特点和成就。（20 分） 二、结合作品分析李清照词作的艺术特色。（20 分） 三、结合作品分析《三国演义》中的忠义观。（20 分） 四、结合作品分析《彷徨》在中国现代小说史上的地位和影响。（20 分） 五、分析下列诗歌的诗趣和意境。（不少于 600 字）（20 分）
或韵母。（每题 1 分，共 5 分）
（1）舌尖中、浊、边音是
。
（2）舌面前、清、擦音是
。
（3）舌面、后、半高、圆唇元音是
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
。
（4）舌面、后、高、圆唇元音是
。
（5）舌面、前、高、不圆唇元音是
。
2、出下列各字所属的六书类型（每题 1 分，共 5 分）
（1）象
（2）车
（3）雌
（4）监
（5）上
3、指出下列合成词的构成类型（每题 0.5 分，共 4 分）
龟虽寿 曹操
神龟虽寿，犹有竟时。腾蛇乘雾，终为土灰。老骥伏枥，志在 千里；烈士暮年，壮心不已。盈缩之期，不但在天；养怡之福，可 得永年。幸甚至哉，歌以咏志。
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O O
（3） 以苯为主要起始原料合成。
O
NH3
NH2
CuSO4
O
4
（4）以苯酐和丙烯为主要原料合成增塑剂 DOP。
O
C2H5
C O CH2 CHC4H9
C O CH2 CHC4H9
O
C2H5
五、设计合理的合成路线。（本题 10 分）
O
CH2
以 CH2
COOC2H5
COOC2H5 为主要起始原料合成 OH 。
5
1、根据芳磺酸盐的活性不同有几种常用的碱熔方法？是否所有芳磺酸盐
均可用碱熔法制酚？（5 分）
2、硝化反应中，根据生产方式和被硝化物性质不同有几种加料顺序？多
锅串联的方法有何优点？（5 分）
3、制备芳香取代碘化物时，如何避免可逆反应的发生？（3 分）
4、可否用蒽醌直接氯化的方法制备 1-氯蒽醌？为什么？工业上常采用什
1
CH3
S O3H
9.
CHO + HC(OC2H5)3
无 水 C2H5OH
9. 2
SO3H + CH2O
H2SO4
10.
SO3Na
SO3Na
OH
NaOH
200~230
11. ArNH2 + CH2 C CH2
OCO
OH
O
12.
CH3 C
CH3
H2SO4 40
CH3
13.
+ O2 + NH3 V Cr
二、填空题。（每空 1 分，共 16 分）
NH3 NH4HSO3
1、下列物质进行 SN1 反应，就反应物活性由大到小排序： a、C2H5OCH2Cl ；b、CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl ；c、C2H5OCH2CH2Cl。 2、下列物质进行 SN2 反应，就反应物活性大到小排序： a、CH3CH2Cl ；b、CH3CH2CH2Cl；c、CH2=CHCH2Cl；d、CH3COCH2Cl。 3、脂肪族 RX 与 NH3 进行氨解反应，就 X 活性由大到小排序：F 、Cl 、 Br、I 。
130
CH3
MnO2, 65%H2SO4
3.
。
40 C
4.
+
hv
O
OH
5.
+ 2 CH2=CH2
Al(NHC6H5 )3 ,p
NO2
6.
CH2OH
CrO3
N
.7 C2H5OO C ( CH2 ) 4 COO C2H5 + HOO C (CH2 )4 COO H
OCH3
8.
NaN H2 液 NH3
Cl
青岛大学 2012 年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码：835 科目名称：精细有机合成单元反应 (共 5 页) 请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
一、 写出下列反应的主要产物（每空 1 分，共 14 分）
OCH3
NO2
1.
NaHS
MgSO4
NO2
2. RNH2 + COCl2
CH3
么方法？（5 分）
5、在精细有机化工生产中为什么常采用化学氧化法？。（3 分）
6、苯二硝化制取间二硝基苯时，会生成少量的邻位和对位异构体，如何
用化学方法将邻位和对位异构体除去？写出反应式。（4 分）
7、试解释下列现象：
CH3I + N3－
CH3N3 + I－ ，此反应中，溶剂由 CH3OH 变成 DMF
成路线。（10 分）
Cl
Cl
OH
（1）
SO3H
NO2 SO3Na
NO2 OH
（2）
NO2
NO2
四、按要求设计目标化合物的合成路线。(每题 10 分，共 40 分)
（1） 以乙醇为主要起始原料合成
CH3CH2OH
OC2H5
CH3 CH CH CH
O
OC2H5
（2）以水杨醛（邻羟基苯甲醛）为主要起始原料合成香豆素。
4、下列试剂就亲核性由大到小排序：a、NH2- ；b、HO- ；c、F- 。 5、硝化反应中的相比指的是卤苯硝化 X = F, Cl, Br, I 时硝化产物邻/对比
例依次 （增大或减小）。
6、加氢还原包括
、、ຫໍສະໝຸດ 过程。7、分速因数 fz>1，表示取代苯 z 位置亲电活性比苯 8、苯磺化时为使磺化剂浓度不致降低太多常采用
（强，弱）。 方法，苯氯
2
化时为及时除去反应热常用
方法。
9、硝化反应中 D.V.S.表示
，D.V.S.
越大，表明硝化剂硝化能力越 （强，弱）。
10、铁的预蚀是指
。
11、非均相混酸硝化时，反应除受化学反应本身速度影响之外，还受
控制。
12、磺化反应中产物的分离原理是基于
。
三 、简答题。（本题共 70 分）
（N,N－二甲基甲酰胺）后，反应速度增加了 4.5×104 倍。（5 分）
8、讨论 C-烷化反应的主要特点？在制备单烷基苯时，可用什么方法减少
多烷化的发生，以提高单烷基苯的收率？（5 分）
9、举例说明常见的自由基产生方法。(5 分)
10、对以下操作是否正确进行评论。（20 分）
①使用酸酐为酰化剂进行芳环上的 C－酰化时，因催化剂 AlCl3 基本不
消耗 ，故只需使用少量的 AlCl3。
②在异丙基苯液相空气氧化制异丙苯过氧化氢时，常加入过渡金属盐
3
类引发氧化反应。
③重氮盐的水解反应常在盐酸溶液中进行。
④甲苯光照侧链氯化反应完毕后，先洗涤或碱液中和掉生成的 HCl 后，
再进行分馏操作。
11、对以下制备间硝基苯酚的的路线是否可行进行评论，并给出合理的合