分词作状语
分词作状语
extra pay.
working
3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find
the city more beautiful. Seeing
4. Generally speak, facial expressions are
helpful communications, too. speaking
Having done the work, he went home. 完成 了工作，他就回家了。
分词作状语
1.作时间状语 2.作原因状语 3. 作伴随状语
1）Having finished his homework, he went to play football.
2) Hearing the news, they got excited. 1）Not knowing his address, she went to a policeman for help.
(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.） 由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。 Thinking he might be at home, I called him.
(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
5)表条件 Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。
W__a_l_k_i_n_g_a_h_e_a_d__, you will see a white house.
分词作状语的五种情况
分词作状语的五种情况
1、表示时间：
昨天，站在阴暗的街道上，浓浓的烟雾让人有一种诡异的感觉。
太阳落山，一道淡黄的余晖洒落在街道的尽头，似乎带来了温暖。
突然，一声刺耳的铃声响起，将久违的宁静打破，坐在暗处的我，毫不犹豫地便着力而走。
2、表示原因：
拐过弯，我踩着嘎嘎作响的脚步，无数希望和期望将我拉往前方，走向家乡那条连接着梦想的路。
原因很简单，未知的将来让我不能停得下来，前行的计划又充满不确定性，转眼就要到天明。
3、表示条件：
突然，天一亮，太阳的曙光令我暂停了脚步，回想起昨夜意外发现的秘密。
抬头望去，比起异乡的忙碌，本土的宁静和空气才是我许诺自己的条件，对着浓重的雨蒸气掩映着情绪深处期望的期盼。
4、表示效果：
滴答滴答，阴雨濛濛的一天，各种细微的声音交织在一起，构成一幅宁谧的画面。
微风轻拂，枝叶摇曳，整座山村的氛围里洋溢着人间的情怀，彷佛古往今来的回忆，渐渐感染着我，把身边的一切都染上了温暖的味道。
5、表示方式：
趁着丝丝晨雾未散的时刻，抽出一伙人携手暗中离去，终于享受到了米饭之间的松软，延续着昔日快乐的痕迹。
把一切都收拾妥当，仿佛穿越时空一样，令一个个熟悉的瞬间再次涌现心中，萦绕着幽暗曾经的眼前。
分词作状语
(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face (2) ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
四、用作让步状语 1. 例句 Living miles away, he attended the course. Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
五、用作伴随状语 1. 例句 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. Don't you sit there doing nothing. He came in, followed by his wife.
1) Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing (2) My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought (3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _____ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said (4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _______ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought
分词作状语
分词（现在分词、过去分词）作状语现在分词与过去分词均可作状语表示句子主语所进行的另一个动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或陪衬，表示时间，原因，行为方式，目的，条件或结果等，相当于其对应的状语从句。
现在分词的意义是主动的，过去分词的意义是被动的。
构成及形式1). 过去分词：动词加ed或动词的特殊变化所得的过去分词。
3). 否定式：在现在分词或过去分词前面直接加not。
现在分词表伴随：现在分词短语的作用类似一个并列分句。
Sally lied in bed crying.= and she was cryingI got home, feeling very tired.= and felt very tiredShe walked along the street, not knowing where to go.=and didn’t know……Please fill in this form, giving your name, name, address, etc.表原因：Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.= As we were so poor, we………Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.Many of us, being so excited, could not go to sleep that night.They sent us their statement, hoping to get our support.表时间：Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those old days they spent together.= when/As soon as he saw those pictures, he……Turing around, she saw an ambulance driving up.Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Approaching the village, I found it was empty.这几例中的现在分词短语一般放在句首表示这个动作一发生，谓语所表示的动作立即发生。
分词作状语的用法讲解归纳
分词作状语的用法讲解归纳分词作状语是一种常见的语法结构，它可以在句子中作为状语，用来修饰动词、形容词或者整个句子，从而表达时间、原因、条件、方式、结果等不同的语义关系。
下面我将从不同角度对分词作状语的用法进行归纳和讲解。
一、时间状语：分词可以表示动作发生的时间，常用的分词有：doing, having done, done等。
例如：Walking along the street, he met an old friend.Having finished his homework, he went out to play.二、原因状语：分词还可以表示动作发生的原因，常用的分词有：seeing, considering, judging等。
例如：Seeing the heavy rain, she decided to stay at home.Considering the bad weather, we canceled the picnic.三、条件状语：分词还可以表示动作发生的条件，常用的分词有：supposing, provided, given等。
例如：Supposing the weather is fine, we will go for a picnic.Provided that you finish your work, you can go out to play.四、方式状语：分词还可以表示动作发生的方式，常用的分词有：speaking, running, working等。
例如：He ran to catch the bus, panting heavily.She answered the question, smiling brightly.五、结果状语：分词还可以表示动作的结果，常用的分词有：surprised, pleased, excited等。
例如：The news, surprising everyone, spread quickly.The children, pleased with the gifts, thanked their parents.总结起来，分词作状语的用法非常灵活多样，可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式和结果等不同的语义关系，丰富了句子的表达方式。
分词状语
Having done my shopping, I returned home. (= When I had done…/ After I had done …)买完东西，我就回家了。 ② 表示原因 Being League members, we are ready to help others.由于我们是 团员，我们乐意帮助别人。 (Since we are League members，….) Inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder. 在他的话的鼓舞下，我们决心更加努力学习。 (Since we are inspired by what he said, ….) She asked me to help her, realizing that she couldn’t move the heavy suitcase alone.她请我帮帮她，因为她意识到她一个人搬不 动那个沉重的衣箱。 Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him. 由于不知他的地址， 我无法给他写信。 (Since I didn’t know his address, …) Not having received his letter for long, she felt a little worried. 由于很长时间没收到他的信了，她感到有点担心。 (Because she hadn’t received his letter for long, ….)
④“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob , ____ out of the window. ( 04 四川 吉林) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 2、某些过去分词（短语）由于来源于系表结构，有些甚至具有形 容词的特征，因此，虽然它们作状语时与句子主语之间存在逻辑意 义上的主动关系，但仍然用它们的过去分词来作状语。这类过去分 词（短语）常见的主要有：caught in , devoted to （忠实于；热 爱），disappointed at , determined to . dressed in , exhausted （疲惫不堪），hidden, lost in （沉湎于）, prepared for, seated, tired of （厌倦）等。例如： Caught in the heavy rain, Jennifer didn’t arrive on time. 遭遇大雨，詹妮弗没有按时到达。 Disappointed at the examination results, the top student sat there in stony silence. 对考试结果很失望，那位尖子生一言不发地坐在那儿。 Entirely devoted to the Party, the young soldier gave his life for his country. 对党无限忠诚，这位年轻的士兵为祖国献出了生命。
分词作状语的类型
分词作状语的类型分词作状语是英语中常见的语法结构，它通过使用动词的现在分词或过去分词来修饰或补充句子的主语、谓语或宾语，以提供额外的信息。
分词作状语在句子中具有多种类型，本文将对这些类型进行阐述。
1. 分词作时间状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的时间，作为时间状语。
例如：- Running late, John hurried to catch the bus.- Having finished his homework, Tom went to bed.这两个例子中，分词"running"和"having finished"作为时间状语，分别修饰主语"John"和"Tom"，表达了他们做完某个动作后的情况。
2. 分词作原因状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的原因，作为原因状语。
例如：- Being tired, Mary decided to take a break.- Having failed the test, he felt disappointed.这两个例子中，分词"being tired"和"having failed"作为原因状语，分别修饰主语"Mary"和"he"，表达了他们做某个动作的原因。
3. 分词作条件状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的条件，作为条件状语。
例如：- If accepted, I will start working next week.- Without any money, he couldn't buy the ticket.这两个例子中，分词"accepted"和"without any money"作为条件状语，分别修饰主语"I"和"he"，表达了他们做某个动作所需要的条件或限制。
分词做状语
分词做状语分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,让步,方式或伴随情况等.①作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when, while引出.如:While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.他一边看书,一边不时地点头. Having waited in line for two hours, Tom remembered that he had forgotten his wallet at home.在队伍里等了两个小时以后，Tom想起来他把钱包落在家里了.Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园.②作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句.如:Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他..Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争.③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词.如: Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好.If heated, water can be turned intosteam. 水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气.④作方式或者伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面,后面或中间,表示主语的另一个,较次要的动作.如:Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来.The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间.⑤表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句.如:Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗.Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究.。
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分词作状语（现在分词和过去分词）
分词作状语时通常放在句首，并且用逗号与主句隔开。
同时，分词作状语时其逻辑主语应该与主句主语保持一致。
也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时，要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。
如果句子主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者时（即表主动或正在进行），分词形式选用现在分词；如果句子主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时（即被动或完成），分词选用过去分词。
例：
①The secretary worked late into the night,＿＿a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing 解析：逗号后没有连词，所以不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词：worked 和was preparing. 又因前后两个动作同时发生，并与主语为主动关系，所以用现在分词。
（即现在分词作伴随状语）
巩固：
㈠什么是伴随状语？
定义：状语从句的动作伴随主句发生。
特点：它所表达的动作或状态伴随着句子的谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
出现的条件：a. 同一主语发出的两个动作或处于两种状态。
b. 同一主语发出一个动作时又伴随一种状态。
简言之 a. 同一主语
b. 同时发生
㈡什么是逻辑主语？
非谓语动词动作的执行者，不能直接作非谓语动词的主语。
②＿＿a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received 解析：分词否定式的构成为no t＋分词，A和C正确。
因为分词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，所以用完成式，故C正确。
补充：分词短语作状语的时态和语态
⒈分词的时态及其判断
⑴过去分词没有时态形式的变化
因此had done和had been done 任何时候都不会出现。
⑵现在分词有两种时态形式
一般形式：doing
完成形式：having done
⑶判断分词用什么形式
如果分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或相继发生，用一般式。
如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词动作前，用完成式。
例：
①Working there, we learned a lot from them.（同时发生）
②Having finished his work, he went to help his classmates.（分词动作在谓语动
词动作前）
③Not having done it right, I tried again. （分词动作在谓语动词动作前）
⒉分词的语态及其判断
⑴过去分词本身表示被动
⑵现在分词被动语态有两种形式
一般式：being done
完成式：having been done
注意：
主动与被动的判断主要是找到分词的逻辑主语。
一般来说，用作状语的分词，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间有两种关系：
逻辑主语是分词的支配者，即主谓关系——用现在分词主动形式表示。
逻辑主语是分词的行为对象，即动宾关系——用过去分词或现在分词的被动形式
①过去分词——与谓语动词先后发生，如：
Inspired him, we decided to work harder.
②现在分词的一般式——与谓语动词同时发生，如：
Being surrounded, the enemy was forced to surrender. 被包围，敌人被迫投降
③现在分词完成式——发生于谓语动词动作之前，如：
Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t very well to leave.
先被要求留下，觉得不好离开。
⒊独立主格结构
如果句子主语与分词之间没有任何逻辑关系，则需要在分词前另加独立主格，即名词的普通格（相对于所有格）和人称代词的主格
各种结构形式如下：
过去分词：one/sth. done
现在分词一般式：one doing sth.
现在分词完成式：one having done sth.
现在分词一般被动式：one/sth. being done
现在分词一般完成式：one/sth. having been done。