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石油专业英语汇总

石油专业英语汇总

石油英语词汇spring safety-relief valve 弹簧式安全泄压阀spring scale 弹簧秤spring seismometer 弹簧式地震仪spring sheet-holder 弹簧定位销spring sink 落水洞spring steel 弹簧钢spring suppport 弹簧支架spring suspension 弹簧悬挂spring tension 弹簧张力spring tide 大潮spring type gravimeter 弹簧式重力仪spring vent 泉口spring washer 弹簧垫圈spring water 泉水spring 泉；春天spring-and-fall grade gasoline 春秋级汽油spring-back effect 回弹效应spring-bow compass 弹簧小圆规spring-hysteresis error 弹簧滞后误差spring-loaded check valve 弹簧加载止回阀spring-loaded pushbutton 微动按钮spring-loaded seal 弹簧加压密封spring-loaded valve 弹簧关闭阀springiness 弹性；多泉水springing 跳起；弹性装置；起拱点springset 簧片组sprinkle 撒sprinkler nozzle 自动灭火喷嘴sprinkler system 自动消防系统；喷洒灭火系统sprinkler 洒水器；洒水车sprinkling basin 喷水池sprinkling filter 滴滤池sprinkling truck 洒水车sprinkling 喷洒；少量SPRM 专用扩眼器SPRO 地面直读井底压力计；地面压力读数sprocket bit 定位符号sprocket gear 链齿轮sprocket hole 中导孔sprocket hub 链轮轮毂sprocket ratio 链轮传动比sprocket shaft 链轮轴sprocket wheel 链轮sprocket 链轮；链轮铣刀sprout 幼苗spruce 针枞；云杉sprue puller 浇道推出杆sprue 流道spruing 打浇口SPS configuration 串并串行结构SPS 标准管径SPS 地震预处理系统SPS 辅助推进系统SPS 每秒抽样数SPS 炮点检波器SPS 水下采油系统SPS 水下采油站SPS 选择性开采程序SPST 单刀单掷SPT 储油-采油浮码头spt 海港SPT 浅油藏测试SPT 探头极板类型SPTT 单刀三掷SPU 系统供电单元spud bar 罐底积污清除铲spud base 海底基板spud bit 开眼钻头spud can 定位桩罐spud conference 开钻前会议spud date 开钻日期spud in 开钻spud leg 桩腿spud mud 开钻泥浆spud pile 固定桩spud spear 钢丝绳打捞钩spud well 桩腿通孔spud 压板；剥皮刀；定位桩；溢水接管；打捞工具；尖头钻头；开钻；柱脚spudder 轻便顿钻机；打捞钻具用的工具spudding action 钻具上下活动spudding bit 开眼钻头spudding in 钻入spudding up and down 上下活动钻具spudding well 开钻井spudding 开钻spume 泡沫；起泡沫spumescence 泡沫状spumulite 浮岩spun glass 玻璃纤维spun laced fabric 射流喷网法非织造织物spun laced process 射流喷网成布法spun orientation 纺丝取向spun pipe 离心浇铸管spun yarn 细纱spun 长丝并捻的；切断纤维纺成的spun-bonded fibre 纺粘纤维spun-glass insulation 玻璃纤维保温spun-with-colour fibre 纺前染色纤维spur cutter 牙状割刀spur gear 正齿轮spur pinion 正小齿轮spur rack 正齿齿条spur road 岔路spur signal 寄生信号spur 迹spur-gear-operated valve 正齿轮驱动阀spur-geared chain hoist 正齿轮吊链spur-line 支线spurious anomaly 假异常spurious correlation 伪相关spurious current 杂散电流spurious modulation 寄生调制spurious oscillation 寄生振荡spurious response 假响应spurious 假的spurrite 灰硅钙石spurt distance 瞬时滤失距离spurt loss coefficient 初滤失系数spurt loss 初滤失spurt value 瞬时值；初损值spurt volume 初损量spurt width 造壁前的滤失宽度spurt 脉冲sputter 溅射；劈拍声；溅蚀；喷镀；停息SPV 储油-采油浮式装置SPWLA 职业测井分析家协会SPZ 卫生防护区；卫生防护带SQ 超快的SQ 平方；正方形sq 平方的SQ 噪声抑制sq. in. 平方英寸sq.cm. 平方厘米sq.ft. 平方英尺sq.km. 平方公里sq.m. 平方米sq.m. 平方英里sq.rd. 矩形棒sq.rt. 平方根Sq.yd. 平方码SQA 矩形波放大器SQA 系统排队区SQC 标准质量控制SQC 统计质量控制SQF 平方根浮点运算SQID 超导量子干涉仪SQL 井下地震现场快速直观解释squal 班；小队；把…编成班squalane column 角鲨烷柱squalane 角鲨烷squalene 角鲨烯squamate 具鳞的squamiform load cast 鳞状负载铸型square bend 直角弯头square bent 直角弯头square body 平行中体square boundary 方形边界square bracket 方括号square crossing 垂直交叉square drill collar 方钻铤square elbow 直角弯头square error 均方误差square file 方锉square grid 方格网square groove I形坡口square head bolt 方头螺栓square jackscrew 矩形起重螺杆square joint 方接头square kelly 方钻杆square key 方键square lattice 方形网格square map 方格网地图square matrix 方阵square mesh 正方网格square meter 平方米square net 方形网格square network 矩形网络square node 方形网格square opening 方口square paper 方格纸square pattern 方形井网square pulse 方形脉冲square root 平方根square section 横切面square shaft 方轴square shear 龙门剪床square size 对边宽square stabilizer 方形稳定器square thread 矩形螺纹square to 成直角square washer 方垫圈square wave 方波square wave-form oscillator 方波振荡器；矩形波发生器square 正方形；平方；直角尺；面积单位；方形广场；正方形的square-edged orifice 直角铣孔流量计孔板square-hole cage nut 方孔锁紧螺母square-law detection 平方律检测square-mesh screen 方孔筛网square-topped pulse 平顶脉冲squareness 垂直度squarer 矩形脉冲发生器；平方电路；矩形波整形电路squaring shears 剪边机squaring 自乘；成正方；形成矩形脉冲；四扭编组；形成矩形squash plot 压缩剖面squash 易压碎的东西；压碎声；压碎；镇压squashing 压扁squawk 尖声；尖叫squeak 轧轧响；尖叫squealing 啸声；振鸣声squeegee pig 橡皮滚子清管器squeegee pump 挤压泵squeegee 隔离胶；涂刷器；用橡皮辊辗滚；橡皮刮板；汽车前窗刮水器squeese pressure 挤压力squeezability 可压缩性squeeze cement job 挤水泥作业squeeze cementing 挤水泥squeeze injection 强迫注入squeeze interval 挤注层段squeeze job 挤压作业squeeze manifold 挤压管汇squeeze method 挤水泥squeeze pack 挤压充填squeeze packer method 封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer 挤压封隔器squeeze packing 挤压充填squeeze pressure 挤注压力squeeze section 压缩剖面squeeze slurry 挤注水泥浆squeeze tool 挤注工具squeeze treatment 挤注处理squeeze 挤squeezed anticline 挤压背斜squeezed fluid 挤压液squeezed gun 挤压式射孔器squeezer 压榨者；压榨机；弯板机；颚式破碎机squeezing action 挤压作用；压实作用squeezing agent 挤注堵塞剂squeezing off 挤注水泥squeezing tool 挤注工具squegger 间歇振荡器squegging 间歇振荡器的振荡模式squelch circuit 啸声抑制电路squelch 噪声抑制squib shooting 用小炸药包爆炸squib shot 小型硝化甘油炸弹squib 药线squibbing 油井爆炸SQUID Magnetometer 超导量子干涉磁力仪squid 鱿鱼squiggle 波形曲线squint 斜视squirrel-cage induction motor 鼠笼式感应电动机squirt 喷；喷射器；喷出的液体；喷湿squitter 断续振荡器SR crack 消除内应力退火裂纹SR 饱和扼流圈SR 比电阻SR 补充要求SR 单产量SR 低速运行SR 调速器SR 固体燃料火箭SR 光谱反射比SR 滑环sr 滑线电阻SR 缓释SR 扩直眼SR 情况报告sr 球面度SR 扫描辐射计SR 声测距SR 生油岩SR 收发SR 速度记录器SR 韦弗氏伊利石锐度比值SR 斜距SR 旋转速率SR 选择性振铃SR 移位寄存器SR 专题报告SR 自整流Sr 锶SRAM 二次采油分析模型SRB 硫酸盐还原菌SRBM 近程弹道导弹SrCa ratio 锶-钙比SRD 地面参考基准面SRD 地震参考基准面SRD 阶跃恢复二极管SRD 双倍右移SRDS 标准参考数据系统SRE 串联继电器SRE 监视雷达设备SRE 监视雷达元件SREPE 斯兰波SRET 爆炸回流SRI 油源岩指标SRM 无常规密封旋转多路装置SRN 半圆形底唇SRN 短程导航系统SRNR 信号与随机噪声比SRO 地面读数SRT 单接收时间SRT 球形聚焦电阻率测井仪SRT 位置复位触发脉冲SRT 系统反应时间SRU 信号应答器SRU 蒸发器SRU 自动记录器SRV 安全泄压阀SS 半钢SS 标准技术规范ss 并排SS 不锈钢SS 部门；处；段；节SS 超灵敏的SS 程序开关SS 单边带SS 低速SS 定位螺钉ss 短源距ss 缝间距离SS 固态SS 过热蒸汽ss 海底SS 开关SS 空间监测SS 轮船ss 砂岩SS 闪烁分光计SS 稳定状态SS 信号选择器SS 悬浮固体颗粒SS 选择开关SSALM 水下单锚腿系泊SSB CKT 单边带电路SSB 单边带SSB 声波探头测试盒SSC 半钢铸件；SSC 单层丝包的SSC 硫化物应力裂纹SSCSSV 井下控制井下安全阀SSD 固态存储器SSDR 固态集成电路井底压力温度记录仪SSE 南-南-东SSF 赛氏重油粘度秒SSG 标准比重SSG 标准信号发生器SSGA 地面传感器增益SSI 地面信号接口SSI 地震地层解释SSI 扇形扫描指示器SSI 小规模集成SSIV 水下隔离阀SSL 半对数直线段SSM 单边带调制SSM 直接求和法SSN 短源距中子SSO 少量油显示SSP 静态自然电位SSP 稳定半潜式平台SSP 稳态脉冲SSP 蒸汽工作压力SSR 静态移位寄存器SSRI 单炮记录反演SSS 地面传感器电源SSSV 井下安全阀SST 不锈钢SST 步进试验SST 测斜仪SST 海面温度SST 卫星对卫星跟踪SST 稳态温度计SST 直井导向涡轮钻具SSTT 水下测试井口装置SSTU 无缝钢管SSU 赛氏通用粘度秒数SSV 地面安全阀SSW 南-南-西SSWID 地下盐水注入和处置SSWWS 海啸警报系统st ML 储罐百万升St 标准ST 标准时间ST 标准温度St 侧钻ST 沉淀时间st 单轨的ST 单掷的ST 地面温度ST 地震层析成象st 短吨ST 短螺纹ST 固溶体处理ST 硅靶St 国家St 海峡St 街ST 密封管St 起动器ST 汽阱ST 取样器ST 施密特触发器st 碎石ST 维修工具ST 应变St 硬脂酸St. Venant body 圣维南体St. Venant principle 圣维南原理sta 定子sta 站；台stab pipe 接新钻杆stab receptacle 插座stab 刺stab-in cementing collar 插入式注水泥接箍stab-in cementing shoe 插入式注水泥用套管鞋stab-in cementing 插入式注水泥stabber 扶套管入扣的钻工stabbing board 扶正对扣台stabbing guide 对扣引鞋stabbing salve 红铅油stabilator 安定面stabilise 使稳定stabiliser 稳定器；稳定剂；钻杆护箍；平衡器；稳压器stabilites 全晶矿物stability arm 稳性力臂；回复力臂；扶正力臂stability condition 稳定条件stability control 稳定度旋钮stability criterion 稳定性判据stability curve 稳线stability factor 稳定系数stability force 稳定力stability in hot water 热水安定性stability in storage 储存安定性stability in use 使用稳定性stability index 稳定性指数stability meter 稳定性测定仪stability series 稳定系列stability 稳定性stabilivolt 稳压管stabilization agent 稳定剂stabilization of crude oil 原油稳定stabilization principle 稳斜原理stabilization process 稳定工艺stabilization time 稳定时间stabilization 稳定stabilizator 稳定器stabilize 使稳定stabilized acid 稳定酸stabilized bar 稳定沙洲stabilized condensate 稳定凝析油stabilized crude oil 稳定原油stabilized gasoline 稳定汽油stabilized injection 稳定注入stabilized mill 带稳定器的铣鞋stabilized non-torque yarn 稳定的无捻回弹力丝stabilized platform 稳定平台stabilized reference 稳定标准stabilized semi-submersible platform 稳定半潜式平台stabilized steerable assembly 稳定式转向组合stabilized voltage supply 稳压电源stabilized zone 稳定区域stabilizer bar 稳定杆stabilizer column 稳定立柱stabilizer expander and remover 上卸钻杆护箍工具stabilizer lug 扶正凸耳stabilizer peak 稳谱峰stabilizer side-cutting 稳定器侧向切削stabilizer source 稳谱源stabilizer 稳定器；稳定剂；扶正器；平衡器；稳压器；稳定塔stabilizing agent 稳定剂stabilizing barge 稳定驳船stabilizing fin 稳定鳍stabilizing guy line 绷绳stabilizing power 稳定能力stabilizing vortex 稳定涡流stabilizing 稳定；消除内应力处理stabilotron 厘米波功率振荡管stabistor 限压半导体二极管stable arch 稳定砂桥stable block 稳定地块stable bridge 稳定砂桥stable builddrop rate 稳定的增斜-降斜率stable coastal basin 稳定海岸盆地stable compound 稳定化合物stable condition 稳定条件stable crude 稳定原油stable crustal block 稳定地块stable displacement 稳定驱替stable element 稳定元素stable emulsion 稳定乳状液stable equilibrium 稳定平衡stable filter 稳定滤波器stable foam 稳定泡沫stable gel structure 稳定凝胶结构stable hydrocarbon 饱和烃stable isotope 稳定同位素stable loop 稳定回路stable matrix 稳定矩阵stable oil production 稳产油量stable oscillation 稳定振动stable platform 稳定平台stable point 稳定点stable production period 稳产期stable protobitumen 稳定原沥青stable rate 稳定产量stable relict mineral 稳定残余矿物stable sand arch 稳定砂桥stable solution 稳定解stable state 稳态stable tendency 稳定趋势stable type gravimeter 稳定型重力仪stable 稳定的stable-shelf facies 稳定陆架相stable-state flow 稳态流动stack address 栈地址stack architexture 栈结构stack area 堆栈区stack arrangement 防喷器组合方式stack cell 栈单元stack contents 栈内容stack control 栈控制stack damper 烟道挡板stack desulfurization 排烟脱硫stack draft 烟囱抽力stack draught 烟囱抽力stack flame arrester 烟囱出口火焰消除器stack gas 烟气stack loss 累计损耗stack losses 烟囱损失stack marker 栈标志stack overflow 栈溢出stack pointer 堆栈指示字stack power 叠加能量stack quality 叠加质量stack rain shield 烟囱防雨帽stack register 栈寄存器stack response 叠加响应stack set 叠加道组stack temperature 锅炉炉身温度stack tool 组合下井仪stack top 栈顶stack velocity 叠加速度stack 堆stack-power criterion 叠加能量准则stack-up height 叠积高度stacked antenna 多层天线stacked cylinder 堆叠圆柱体stacked job 栈式作业stacked line 叠加测线stacked profile map 叠加剖面图stacked tape 叠加带stacked upward-fining cycle 颗粒向上变细的堆积旋回stacked-disc twister 叠片式假捻器stacked-trace 叠加记录道stacker 叠卡片机stacking a rig 暂行入库的钻机stacking capacity of derrick 井架的钻杆立根容量stacking chart 叠加图stacking diagram 叠加图stacking factor 占空系数stacking fault 堆垛层错stacking fold 叠加次数stacking of drill pipe 钻杆的立排stacking slowness 叠加慢度stacking velocity field 叠加速度场stacking 堆积；分层盘旋飞行；堆积干燥法；叠加stactometer 滴量计STADAN 空间跟踪和数据获取网staddle 牵条；支柱stadia distance 视距stadia factor 视距常数stadia hair 视距丝stadia lines 视距丝stadia method 视距法stadia reading 视距读数stadia rod 视距标杆stadia survey 平板仪测量法；视距测量stadia table 视距计算表stadia traverse 视距仪；视距线stadia wire 准距线stadia 视距仪stadimeter 测距仪stadium 体育场；希腊尺度名staff award fund 职工奖励基金staff reservoir engineer 油藏开发责任工程师staff shares 职工股staff walfare fund 职工福利基金staff 杆stage acidizing 多级酸化stage addition 分批加入stage cementing 分级注水泥stage compression ratio 级压缩比stage compression 多级压缩stage development 分层开采stage digestion 分段消化stage equipment 分级设备stage gas lift 多级气举stage method 分级法stage of depletion 衰竭阶段stage plunger pump 多级柱塞泵stage purification 多级净化stage separation 多级分离stage separator 多级分离器stage trapping 多级分离stage 级；期；层；阶段；程度；台stage-cementing collar 分级注水泥接箍staged fracturing 分段压裂staged limited-entry technique 分段限流量法stagewise penetration 阶梯式渗透stagflation 滞胀stagger 错列stagger-tuned amplifier 参差调谐放大器staggered cylinder 交错汽缸staggered difference scheme 交错差分格式staggered interruption 钻头齿交错断缺staggered line drive 交错的行列注水staggered line-drive pattern 交错行列井网staggered poles 互换电极staggered row 错开排列的排staggered scanning 隔行扫描staggered tube bank 错排管束staggered well 交错排列井staggered working system 弹性工作制staggered 交错排列；交错的staggered-mesh 交错网络staggering cut 参差割缝staggering 交错；参差调谐；交错的staging the pipe 分段下钻staging treating 分段处理staging 架stagmalite 石笋stagnant area 滞流区stagnant basin 滞留盆地stagnant pore 死孔隙stagnant water 停滞水stagnant 停滞的stagnation pressure 滞止压力stagnation temperature 临界温度stagnation 停滞stagnicolous 喜静水的stagnophile 静水生物stagnoplankton 静水漂浮生物stagonometer 滴重计stain kit 染色工具stain resistane 耐染污性stain test 染色试验stain 锈；污点；色采；弄脏；染色；生锈；着色剂；瑕疵stained with oil 油污的staining analysis 染色分析staining contrast method 染色相差法stainless clad 不锈包层钢stainless steel electrode 不锈钢焊条stainless steel wire wrapped screen 不锈钢钢丝绕制筛管stainless steel wrap wire 不锈钢绕丝stainless steel 不锈钢stainless steel-lined 不锈钢衬里的stainless valve 不锈钢阀门stainless 不锈的stainless-steel tube 不锈钢管stair 梯级；楼梯；浮码头stair-stepping 阶梯状的staircase effect 阶梯效应staircase fault 阶状断层staircase iteration 阶梯迭代staircase waveform 阶梯波形stairway 梯子stake anchor 桩锚stake out 打桩stake resistance 接地电阻stake 桩子staking out 放样staking 标桩定线stalactite 钟乳石stalactitic 钟乳状的stalagmite 石笋；熔岩笋stalagmitic marble 石笋大理石stalagmometer 滴重计staleness 陈旧stalinite 钢化玻璃stalk 茎；杆stall 失速stalled out 停止工作stalling point 失速点stalling 失速；停止；卡住stallometer 失速仪；临界速度指示器stalloy 硅钢；硅铁合金；薄钢片STALO 稳定本机振荡器stalogometer 滴径表面张力计stamina 耐力；精力stamp duty 印花税stamp tax 印花税stamp work 模锻件stamp 捣碎stampable reinforced thermoplastic sheet 可冲压增强热塑性片材stamped mark 打印标记stamper 压模stamping 冲压stance 位置stanchion 柱子stand alone work station system 独立工作站系统stand alone 独立stand of drill pipe 钻杆立根stand the test 试验合格stand up to 经受stand 站stand-alone development 独立开发stand-by block 备用块stand-by boat 守备船stand-by computer 备用计算机stand-by diver 后备潜水员stand-by equipment 备用设备stand-by loss 停工损失；停钻损失stand-by period 等待时间stand-by pump 备用泵stand-by register 备用寄存器stand-by relief hole 备用救援井stand-by storage 备用储罐stand-by time 停止时间stand-by unit 备用装备stand-by 后备的stand-off collar 偏距轴环stand-off distance 隙距stand-off thread 空余扣stand-off 远离standage 聚水坑；水仓容量Standard and Poor's Stock Price Indexes 标准及普尔股票价格指数standard atmosphere 标准大气压standard base 标准底图standard calomel electrode 标准甘汞电极standard cell 标准电池standard clause 标准条款standard coal equivalent 标准煤standard colors 标准色standard column 标准柱standard compaction unit 标准充填工具standard comparison test 标准对比试验standard conditions 标准条件standard contract form 标准合同格式standard contract 标准合同standard core drill 标准的取心钻井standard cost accounting 标准成本会计standard cost method 标准成本法standard cost system 标准成本系统standard cost variance 标准成本差异standard cost 标准成本standard counter 标准计数器standard crab vibrator 标准蟹式可控震源standard cubic foot 标准立方英尺standard curve 标准曲线standard damped least-squares method 标准阻尼最小二乘方法standard design 标准设计standard detail 标准详图standard deviation 标准偏差standard Earth 标准地球模型standard electrode log 标准电极测井standard electrode potential 标准电极电势standard equation 标准方程standard error ellipsoid 均方根差椭球standard field logging system 标准野外测井系统standard field-mapping technique 标准野外填图技术standard form 标准型standard format 标准格式standard fuel 标准燃料standard gamble technique 标准对策方法standard gas measurement 折算成标准状态下天然气体积的测定法standard gauge 标准量规standard global chronostratigraphic scale 标准世界年代地层表standard global geochronologic scale 标准世界地质年代表standard grid presentation 标准图格显示standard hydrogen electrode 标准氢电极standard imbibition curve 标准自吸曲线standard input wavelet 标准输入子波standard interface 标准接口Standard International Trade Classification 国际贸易标准分类standard linear stretch 标准线性反差加大standard lines 标准线standard Loran 标准罗兰standard meridian 标准子午圈standard meter 标准仪表standard metering base 标准计量基准standard metering orifice 标准流量计锐孔standard mineral 标准矿物standard model 标准样品standard NOR 标准或非电路standard normal distribution 标准正态分布Standard Oil Co. of California 加利福尼亚美孚石油公司Standard Oil Company 俄亥俄美孚石油公司standard ordering 标准排列standard parallel 标准纬线standard pitch 标准螺距standard polarity 标准极性standard polynomial 标准多项式standard powder 标准炸药standard practice 常规作法standard price method 标准价格法standard procedure 标准程序standard program 标准程序standard radioactive source 标准放射源standard rate 标准费率standard ratio method 标准比率法standard recipe 标准配方standard rig 标准钻具standard rolling twist equipment 标准转环假捻装置standard sample 标准试样standard scale 标准尺度standard section 标准剖面；标准地层断面standard signal 标准信号standard size 标准尺寸standard solution 标准溶液standard specification 标准规格standard state 标准状态standard steam pressure 标准蒸汽压standard symbol 标准符号standard thermometer 标准温度计standard time 标准时间standard tomographic technique 标准层析成象技术standard tool joint 标准钻杆接头standard truck vibrator 标准车装可控震源standard unit 标准单位standard vibrator 标准可控震源standard viscosity liquid 标准粘度液standard volume 标准体积standard VSP 标准垂直地震剖面法standard whipstock 标准造斜器standard wire gauge 标准线规standard 标准；规格；样品；标准的standard-sized 标准尺寸的standardization 标准化；标定；校准standardized component 标准部件standardized model format 标准化模型格式standardized normal distribution 标准正态分布standardized unit 标准化单位standardized variable 标准化变量standardizing number 规格化数standardizing order 标准化指令standardizing 规格化standby credit 保证信用证；备用信贷standby fluid level 静止液面standby meter 备用仪表standby organisation 后备组织standby position 空缺standby power supply 备用电源standby power 备用电力standby requirement 备用需求standby rig time 钻机备用时间standby vessel 守备船standing barrel rod pump 固定泵筒杆式泵standing derrick 起重拔杆standing fluid level 静液面standing half wave 驻半波standing loss 储存损耗standing platform 固定平台standing rigging 静索standing storage 长期储存standing tank 固定罐standing valve 固定阀standing water 静水standing wave antenna 驻波天线standing wave line 驻波线standing wave 驻波standing 立场Standing's correlations 斯坦丁关系曲线standout 突出度standpipe 立管；疏水器；圆筒形水塔；压力管standpoint 观点standstill corrosion 停工腐蚀standstill 停止；停顿Stanford Exploration Project 斯坦福地球物理勘探研究项目stann- 锡stannary 锡矿stannate 锡酸盐stannite 黄锡矿stannum 锡；斯坦纳姆高锡轴承合金stanols 甾烷醇Staphlosporonites 葡萄孢属staple cutter 纤维切断机；短纤维切断机staple fibre apparatus 纤维长度试验仪staple fibre 短纤维staple 肘staple-fibre aftertreatment machine 短纤维后处理机staple-fibre cutting machine 短纤维切断机staple-fibre washing machine 短纤维清洗机stapler 订书机；纤维切断机stapling machine 切断机star bit 十字形钻头；星形钻头star connection 星形联接法star diagram 星状图示法STAR imaging log 同步声波电阻率成象测井star network 星形网络star pattern 星形组合star statics 宇宙干扰star tracker 天体跟踪器star wheel 星形轮star 星star-block styrene-butadiene copolymer 星形嵌段苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物star-plot 星状图starboard hand buoy 右舷浮标starboard 右舷；右舷的starch derivative 淀粉衍生物starch fluid 淀粉液starch iodide 碘化淀粉starch 淀粉；浆糊；上浆stare 凝视；显眼STARS 简化三轴坐标系统start address 起始地址start bit 起始位start button 起动按钮start key 启动键start mud 开钻泥浆start node 开始节点start of message 报文起始start pulse 启始脉冲start signal 起始信号start up cost 筹备费start up expense 开办费start 开动start-of-record 记录开始start-of-run temperature 运转初期温度start-of-text character 正文起始符start-stop 起停的start-up pressure 启动压力start-up procedure 起动程序start-up strainer 开工投产用过滤筒start-up 启动startability 起动性starter gear 启动装置starter joint 靠近套管鞋的一根套管starter motor 启动马达starter 启动器starting auto-transformer 起动自耦变压器starting borehole curvature 初始井眼曲率starting characteristics test 启动试验starting compressor 启动压缩机starting condition 初始条件starting crank 起动摇把starting current 起动电流starting engine 启动发动机starting fluid 启动燃料starting impulse 启动脉冲starting material 原材料starting mill 套管开窗用铣鞋starting moment 起动转矩starting outfit 启动设备starting point 起始点starting potential 起始电压starting power 启动功率starting pressure 启动压力starting procedure 起动程序starting receiver 启动瓶starting resistance 启动阻力starting rod 引弧棒starting saturation 起始饱和度starting switch 起动开关starting torque 启动扭矩starting value 开始值starting valve 启动阀startstop transmission 起止传输starve a pump 泵吸入端压头太小starved basin 未补偿盆地starved ripple mark 不完全波痕starved side 无补偿侧stassfurtite 纤硼石stat- 静statamper 静电安培statcoulomb 静电库仑State Administration for Commodity Prices 国家物价局State Administration for Industry and Commerce 国家工商行政管理局state allocation 财政拨款State Bureau of Standardization 国家标准局state coordinate system 国家坐标系统State Corporation 国家公司State Council 国务院state diagram 平衡图state enterprise 国营企业state equation 状态方程state estimation 状态估计State General Administration of Foreign Exchange Control 国家外汇管理局state loan 国家贷款state monopoly for purchase and marketing 统购统销state monopoly 国家专营state of aggregation 聚集状态state of conflict 竞争型state of flow 流态state of matter 物态state of nature 自然状态state of risk 风险型state of saturation 饱和状态state of the art 技术现状state of the system 系统状态state parameter 状态参数state participation system 国家参与制state plan 国家计划State Planning Commission 国家计划委员会state queue 状态队列state space filtering 状态空间滤波state space 状态空间state subsidies 国家补贴state transition time 状态过渡时间state variable 状态变量state vector 状态向量state 状态state-of-art 技术发展水平state-of-the-art down hole tool 现代井下工具state-of-the-art facility 现代化设备state-owned 国营的state-run 国营的state-space method 状态空间法state-variable model 可变状态模型stated accuracy 标定精度statement bracket 语句括号statement identifier 语句标识符statement label 语句标号statement number 语句编号statement of account 对帐单statement of application of funds 资金运用表statement of cash 现金收支表statement of claim 索赔清单statement of cost 成本报表statement of design task 设计任务书statement of dishonour 拒付声明statement of foreign exchange 外汇资金情况表statement of planned tasks 计划任务书statement of profit and loss 损益计算书statement of source and application of funds 资金来源与运用表statement separator 语句分隔符statement 陈述stateowned enterprise 国有企业staterun enterprise 国营企业statesman 政治家static adsorption 静吸附static advancing contact angle 静止前进接触角static allocation 静态分配static analysis 静态分析；静校正分析static balance 静平衡static behavior 静态static BHA model 静态井底组合模式static BHP 井底静压力static bottom hole pressure 井底静压力static budget 静态预算static capacity 静电容static casing pressure 关井时的套管压力static chain 静电导链static characteristics 静态特性static charge 静电荷static chip hold down pressure 压住钻屑的静压力static computation 静校正计算static condition 静态条件static contact angle 静止接触角static control 静态控制static cool down 静置冷却static correction 静校正static decomposition 静态分解static deflection 静载弯曲static density gradient 静密度梯度static discharge 静电放电static drilling model 静态钻井模式static dump 静态打印static effect 静效应static electricity 静电static eliminator 天电干扰消除器static engine 固定式发动机static equilibrium 静平衡static error 静态误差static fatigue 静态疲劳static file 静态文件static filtration rate 静失水率static fixing 定点定位static flow 层流static fluid gradient 静液柱压力梯度static fluid level 静液面static fluid loss test 静态滤失试验static force 静力static formation pressure 地层静止压力static friction 静摩擦static gas test 静态气体试验static gravimeter 静重力仪static head 静压头static hold-down 静压制static impedance 静态阻抗static level 静液面；静电极static line 防静电接地线static liquid level 静液面static load 静载荷static magnetic field 静磁场static measurement 静态测定static memory 静态存储器static metamorphism 静力变质static mixer 静态混合器static model 静态模型static payback time 静态投资回收期static pressure transducer 静压传感器static pressure 静压static RAM 静态随机存取存储器static reading 静态读数static receding contact angle 静止后退接触角static register 静态寄存器static relocation 静态重分配static reservoir pressure 油气层静压static rheological parameter 静态流变参数static routine 静态程序static seal 静密封static sedimentation 静态沉积static self potential 静止自然电位static shift 静态时移；静校正时移static skew 静态扭曲static solution 固定解static sp 静态自然电位static stability 静态稳定性static statistics 静态统计学static storage cell 静态存储单元static store 静态存储static strength 静止强度static stress 静应力static submergence 静沉没static tay 静态标记static temperature 静态温度static test 静态测试static time shift 静态时移static type packer 固定式封隔器static voltage 静电压static wellhead pressure 井口静压static 静态的static-aging 静态老化static-interface survey 静止界面测量statical equilibrium 静力平衡statical head 静压头statical lifting capacity 静止载重量statical load 静载荷；静荷重statical moment 静力矩statically determinate structure 静定结构statically indeterminate structure 静不定结构staticizer 静化器；串并行转换器staticon 静象管statics estimation 静校正估算statics of fluids 流体静力学statics range 静校正量范围statics 静力学station adjustment 测站平差station bearing 电台方位station bill 船上消防与抢救事故职责表station buoy 位置标志浮标station chain 台链station flowmeter 定点流量计station heading 电台航向station interval 层段位置station keeping 轨道控制station operator 泵站操作工station repeatability 测点重复性station spacing 站间距station type diplog 点测式地层倾角测井station 站station-keeping ability 定位能力stationarity indices 不动指标stationarity 平稳性stationary arc welding machine 固定式弧焊机stationary bed-saltation flow pattern 稳定的砂床波动流动型式stationary block 稳定地块stationary condition 稳态条件stationary coordinate 固定坐标stationary curve 平稳曲线stationary cylinder 固定圆筒stationary dead period 静测死期stationary diesel engine 固定式柴油机stationary distribution 平稳分布stationary element 静环stationary engine 固定式发动机stationary field 恒定场stationary filter 稳态滤波器stationary fit 静配合stationary flow 稳定流stationary function 平稳函数stationary guide 固定导丝器stationary hypothesis 平稳假设stationary installation 固定装置stationary iteration 定常迭代stationary liquid method 静态液体法stationary measurement 点测stationary monitoring station 固定监测站stationary phase approximation 稳相近似法stationary phase method 稳相法stationary phase 固定相stationary platform 固定平台stationary point 驻点stationary pollution source 固定污染源stationary power unit 固定式发电机组stationary process 平稳过程stationary pulse number 静脉冲数stationary random process 平稳随机过程stationary random vibration 平稳随机振动stationary reading 定点读数法stationary response 稳态响应stationary satellite navigation system 静止卫星导航系统stationary satellite 静止卫星stationary scanner 固定式扫描仪stationary seal ring 静环stationary shaft 固定轴stationary slip 静止卡瓦stationary snubber 静止夹持器stationary state 静止状态stationary stochastic process 平稳随机过程stationary stream 平稳流stationary structure 固定式结构stationary temperature 恒温度stationary time series 平稳时间序列stationary tubesheet 固定管板stationary value 平稳值stationary wave 驻波stationary 固定的stationery 文具；信纸stationkeeping 位置固定stationmaster 站长statis 统计学的statist 统计员statistic law 统计法statistic 统计量；统计的statistical accuracy 统计精度statistical analysis 统计分析statistical arbitration 统计判优法statistical average 统计平均statistical check 统计检验statistical correlation 统计相关statistical data 统计资料statistical decision function 统计决策函数statistical decision method 统计判定法statistical decision theory 统计决策理论statistical dependence 统计相关statistical discrepancy 统计差异statistical distribution 统计分布statistical editing 统计编排。

石油工程专业英语

石油工程专业英语

石油工程专业英语第一部分：Words and special terms 采油工程设计部分一、基础术语 basic terms1. 垂直井vertical well2. 定向井directional well3. 水平井horizontal well4. 生产井producing well5. 注人井injection well6. 原始油(气)藏压力initial reservoir pressure7. 油(气)藏压力reservoir pressure8. 油(气)藏压力梯度reservoir pressure gradient9. 油(气)藏压力系数reservoir pressure coefficient10. 异常地层压力abnormal formation pressure11. 井底流压flowing bottom hole pressure12. 流压梯度flowing pressure gradient13. 静压梯度static pressure gradient14. 生产压差production pressure differential15. 套管压力casing Pressure16. 油管压力tubing pressure17. 井口压力well head pressure18. 回压back pressure19. 原始油(气)藏温度initial reservoir temperature20. 井底温度bottom hole temperature(BHT)21. 井筒流温梯度well flowing temperature gradient22. 生产气油比producing gas-oil ratio23. 生产气液比producing gas-1iquid ratio24. 生产水气比producing water-gas ratio25, 凝析油气比condensate-gas ratio26. 含水率water cut27. 极限含水1imited water cut28. 采油(气)速度rate of oil(gas) production29. 折算采油(气)速度reduced rate of oil(gas) production30. 折算日产量equivalent daily production; converted daily production 31折算年产量reduced annual production32. 采油(液、气)强度production intensity of oil(liquid or gas)33. 死油dead oil34. 凝析气condensate gas35. 试采producing test二、完井工程well completion engineering1. 完井well completion2. 完井方法completion method3. 裸眼井open hole4. 裸眼完井open hole completion5. 先期棵眼完井premature open hole completion6. 后期裸眼完井1ater open hole completion7. 射孔完井perforation completion8. 尾管完井tail pipe completion9. 筛管完井screen pipe completion10. 衬管完井liner completion11. 砾石充填完井gravel packing completion12. 小井眼完井small diameter completion 无油管完井tubeless completion13. 完井液completion fluid14. 射孔perforating；perforation15. 负压射孔underbalanced perforating16. 过油管射孔through-tubing perforating17. 油管传输射孔tubing convered perforating19. 发射率ratio of shots to total bullets20. 相位角phase angle21. 布孔方式arrangement of bores22. 聚能射孔focusing perforating23. 射孔密度shot density24. 水泥返高cement top25. 水泥塞cement plug26. 窜槽channeling27. 人工井底artificial well bottom28. 井身结构wellbore arrangement/套管程序casing program29. 表层套管surface casing30. 技术套管protection casing/中间套管intermediate casing31. 生产套管production casing32. 试油formation testing33. 中途测试drill-stem testing(DST)34. 地层测试器formation tester35. 裸眼测试open hole testing36. 诱流wellbore unloading37. 替喷displaced flow38. 求产measuring production39. 抽汲swabbing40. 提捞bailing41. 试井well test三、油(气)井生产技术oil＆gas well producing technology(一) 自喷采油flowing production1. 自喷井flowing well2. 间歇自喷井intermittent flowing well3. 采油树christmas tree4. 采气井口装置well head device for gas production 采气树christmas tree5. 套管头casing head6. 油管头tubing head7. 高压井口安全阀high pressure wellhead safety valve8. 油嘴choke9. 地面油嘴surface choke10. 井下油嘴bottom-hole choke 。

石油工程专业英语词汇

石油工程专业英语词汇

石油工程专业英语词汇石油工程专业英语词汇AAPG(American Association of Petroleum Geologists) 美国石油地质学家协会abandoned well 废弃井accumulation of oil 石油聚集acidic rock 酸性岩类acid treating 酸处理acid treatment of well 井内酸处理acoustic wave 声波additive 添加物aeolian deposit 风化afterburning 二次燃烧agglomerate 集块岩air pollution 空气污染albertite 黑沥青alkali rock 碱性岩类alluvial deposits 冲积层API(American Petroleum Institute) 美国石油协会anticline 背斜antirusting oil 防锈油ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) 美国材料试验协会automotive engine oil 车用机油basalt 玄武岩base oil 基础油bitumen 沥青blowout 井喷BOP(blowout preventer) 防喷器boiler 锅炉bottom hole pressure 井底压力bottom residue 残渣油brake fluid 剎车油bunker 船用重油catalyst 触媒catalytic reforming 媒组coal field 煤田core analysis 岩心分析cracked gasoline 裂解汽油cracking process 裂解法crude 原油crude oil 原油crude oil cracking 源由裂解cut back asphalt 涂料柏油dehydrogenation 脱氢density 密度derrick 井架development well 开发井diesel oil 柴油directional well 定向井discovery well 发现井distillate 分馏油distillation 蒸馏drilling 钻井EA(Environmental Assessment) 环境评价energy conservation 节约能源evaluation well 评价井exploration 探勘exploratory well 采勘井extract 萃取物extraction 萃取filling station 加油站flash point 闪火点float 浮筒floating roof tank 浮顶油槽flowing well 自喷井，自流井fluid catalytic cracking 流体媒裂法fossil fuel 矿物燃料fractionation 分馏fuel oil 燃料油gallon 加仑gasoline 汽油gas reservoir 气层geochemical exploration 地球化学探勘geochemical prospecting 地球化学探勘geophysical exploration 地球物理探勘geophysical prospecting 地球物理探勘heavy oil 重油heavy oil cracking 重油裂解hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydrocracking 加氢裂解hydrocracking process 加氢裂解法inert gas 惰性气体inflamable gas 易燃气体injection well 注入井isomer 异构物isomerization 异构化jet fuel 喷射机燃油joint venture 合资公司Jurassic period 侏罗纪kill (a well) 压井knocking 爆震laying of pipeline 管路铺设light crude 轻质原油light naphtha 轻质石油脑LNG(liquefied natural gas) 液化天然气LPG(liquefied petroleum gas) 液化石油气methane 甲烷methanol 甲醇motor oil 车用机油mud 泥浆multi purpose grease 多效润滑油脂naphtha 石油脑，轻油naphtha cracking 石油脑裂解naphtha reforming 石油脑重组national petroleum company 国营石油公司natural gas 天然气OAPEC(Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries) 阿拉伯石油输出国家组织octane number 辛烷直offshore drilling 海域钻井oil coke 石油焦oil industry 石油工业oil refinery 炼油厂oil well 油井OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国家组织petrochemical industry 石油化学工业petrochemicals 石油化学产品petroleum geology 石油地质学petroleum industry 石油工业petroleum products 石油产品pipeline 管线posted price 牌价premium gasoline 高级汽油production well 生产井qualitative analysis 定性分析quality control 质量管理quantitative analysis 定量分析refinery 炼油厂refining 炼油reformate(reformed gasoline) 重组汽油reforming 重组reserves 蕴藏量reservoir 油层residual oil 残余油royalty 权利金seismic survey 震测探勘。

石油地质专业英语词汇

石油地质专业英语词汇

石油地质学常用专业英语词汇学习2008-12-28 17:05:13 阅读644 评论8 字号：大中小Aabbreviate v. 缩写，简写abnormally ad. 异常地abrupt v. 突然的absolute porosity 绝对孔隙度access n. 接近，进入accumulate v. 聚集accumulation n. 聚集acquisition n. 获取，采集acromagnetic a. 航空磁测的acyclic a. 无环的admixture n. 混合，混合物aeolian a. 风成的，风积的aerobic a. 喜氧的affinity n. 亲合力，亲合性aformentioned a. 上述的，上面提到的agency n. 因素，营力，作用agglomeration n. 结块，凝聚aggregated gas 聚集型气agitated a. 搅动过，摇过的agitation n. 搅拌，搅动aircraft n. 飞机，航空器algae 藻类aliphatic a. 脂肪类的alkane 链烷alkane n. 烷烃，链烷alkene n. 烯烃alkylaromatic a. 烷基芳烃的alkylate v. 烷基化allochthonous a. 外来的，异地的alluvial fan 冲积扇alteration n. 蚀变作用ambient a. 周围的ambiguity n. 含糊，模棱两可ambiguous a. 意思含糊的，模棱两可的amino acids 氨基酸ammonite n. 菊石amorphous a. 非晶质的，无一定方向的amphibolite n. 角闪石amplitude n. 幅度，振幅analogous a. 类似的，模拟的angular a. 棱角状的，带角的anhydrite n. 硬石膏anomoly n. 异常，变异anoxic a. 缺氧的anteisoalkane n. 反异构烷烃anthracite n. 无烟煤anticline n. 背斜antiform n. 背斜构造aperture n.孔，孔眼apparent molecular weight 表观分子量aquatic a. 水的，水生的aragonite n.霰石area of trap 圈闭面积arene n. 芳香烃argon n. 氩arid a. 干旱的aromatic asphaltic oils 芳香沥青型原油aromatic hydrocarbon芳香烃aromatic intermediate oils 芳香中间型原油aromatic naphthenic oils 芳香环烷型原油aromatics n. 芳香烃arsenic 砷, 砒霜asphalt n. 沥青，地沥青asphaltene n. 沥青质，沥青烯asphaltenes 沥青质asphaltic a. 沥青的asphaltoid a. 沥青类的assess v. 估价，评估associated gas 伴生气association n. 联合，组合asthenosphere n. 软流圈（层）asymmetry n. 不对称at the expense of 以…为代价atectonic a. 非构造的attenuation n. 变细（薄）attribute (to) v. 把…归因于aulacogn n. 拗拉槽（谷），断陷槽autochthonous a. 原地的axiomatic a. 自明的Bbacteria (pl.) n. 细菌bacterium (sing.) n. 细菌bafflestone n. 生物堆置灰岩，障积岩baling n. 打包，填料barrier n. 堡坝，海岸沙坝，障壁base n. 基础，…基be referred to as 被称为behaviour n. 习性，动态benthic a. 海底的，水底的bentonite n. 膨润土，斑脱岩benzene n. 苯benzothiophene n. 苯硫茂benzphenanthrene n. 苯并菲benzpyrene n. 苯并芘bicarbonates 重碳酸盐（HCO3 —）bidirectional a. 双向（作用）的bifurcation n. 分叉，支流bimodality n. 双峰，双向bindstone n. 粘结灰岩，生物包粘灰岩biochemical degradation 生物化学降解biochemical rock 生物化学岩biodegradation n. 生物降解(作用) biofacies n. 生物相biogenic a. 生物成因的biological markers 生物标志物biomarker n. 生物标志化合物biomass n. 生物体，生物量biomodic a. 生物模的biopolymer n. 生物聚合物biosphere n. 生物圈biostrome n. 生物层bioturbation n. 生物扰动作用bitumen n. 沥青bituminous a. 沥青的blend v. 调合，合成bluntly ad. 直截了当地，坦率地boghead n. 藻煤bond n. 结合，化学键borehole n. 钻孔bottom water 底水bottomset n. 底积层bounce v. 弹回，反跳breccia n. 角砾岩brine n. 卤水，盐水bryozoa n. 苔藓动物门bubble point curve泡点线bubble-point 泡点buckle v. 弯折，挠曲buoyancy n. 浮力buoyant force 浮力burrow n. 洞，窟，潜穴butane 丁烷C4H10Ccalcarenite n. 钙屑灰岩，灰屑岩calcilutite n. 泥屑灰岩，钙质泥岩calcite n. 方解石calcium n. 钙（Ca）Caledonian orogeny 加里东造山运动calorific value 热值cancellation n. 消除，抹去cannel n. 烛煤cap rock/roof rock 盖层capillary n. & a. 毛细作用的capillary pressure毛细管力carbazole n. 氮芴，咔唑carbohydrates 碳水化合物carbonates n. 碳酸盐（类）Carboniferous n. & a. 石炭纪（的），石炭系（的）carboxylic a. 羧基的carcinogen n. 致癌物，诱癌剂catagenesis n. 深成作用阶段catagenesis 深成作用catalyst n. 催化剂cavity n. 洞穴cell n. 水室，池，细胞cement v. & n. 胶结（物）cementation n. 胶结作用charcoal-broiled 木炭烧烤过的chert n. 燧石，角岩chlorides 氯化物chlorophyll n. 叶绿素chromium铬chronostratigraphy n. 年代地层学clastic rock碎屑岩clayey a. 粘土质的cleavage n. 解理，裂开clogging n. & a. 堵塞（的），阻碍（的）coagulation n. 凝结（聚）作用coal bed gas 煤层气cobalt 钴cohesion n. 凝聚力，粘性cohesive a. 粘合的coincide (with) v. 与…符合，与…一致collar n. 围环colloidal a. 胶体的combination traps 复合圈闭come into being 形成，产生compaction n. 致密，压实compaction压实compatible a. 共存的，一致的competence n. 起动能力compile v. 编辑，汇编complexity n. 复杂性，组成compressibility n. 可压缩性，压缩性compressibility factor 压缩因子concave a. 凹的，凹面的concentration浓度concordant a. 与…一致的，整合的concurrently ad. 同时condensate oil n. 凝析油condensed gas 凝析气configuration n. 构型，轮廓conflict n. 冲突，抵触conglomerate n. 砾岩connected pores 连通孔隙consolidated固结conspicuous a. 明显的constriction n. 压缩，收缩constructional a. 堆积的，建设的contact n. 接触（带）contaminant 杂质contorted a. 扭曲的，弯曲的contour n. 等值（高）线contraction n. 收缩contrary to 与…相反contributor n. 捐助者，贡献者convergence n. 会聚，收敛，（地层）交汇converging a. 会聚的，聚敛的copper 铜coral n. 珊瑚cores 岩芯correlate v. 相互关联，对比correlation n. （油源）对比，相互（关系）counteract v. 抵消，阻碍counterpart n. 对应物covalent a. 共价的crack n. 裂隙，裂解craton n. 克拉通，稳定地块crescentic a. 新月形的crest n. 顶部，山脊Cretaceous n. & a. 白垩纪（的），白垩系（的）crevasse n. 裂隙，冰隙criteria (pl.) n. 标准criterion (sing.) n.标准critical a. 临界的，关键的critical point 临界点critical pressure临界压力critical temperature临界温度crude oil 原油crystalline compounds 晶体化合物cucumber n. 黄瓜culmination n. 顶点，褶皱区curvature n. 曲率，曲度customary a. 通常的，习惯的cuttings 岩屑cycloalkane n. 环烷烃cycloalkanes 环烷cycloalkylaromatic a. 环烷基芳烃的cycloheptane n. 环庚烷cyclohexane n. 环己烷cycloparaffin n. 环烷烃cyclopentane n. 环戊烷cyclopentane环戊烷cylinder n. 圆柱体cymene n. 异丙基苯Ddeasphalting脱沥青作用debouch n. 河口，流出debris n. 碎屑，岩屑deceleration n. 减速度decentralized gas 分散型气deep troughs 深海槽defy v. 不让，使不能degradation n. 降解，退化degree of mineralization矿化度dehydration n. 脱水，失水delincation n. 定界，划界delta-front 三角洲前缘demarcation n. 划界，定界dense oil 稠油density n. 密度deplete v. 耗尽，亏损，枯竭depocenter n. 沉积中心derivation n. 起源despositional a. 沉积的destructional a. 侵蚀的，破坏性的deterioration n. 退化，变质，恶化detrital a. 碎屑的deviatoric a. 偏差的Devonian n. & a. 泥盆纪（的），泥盆系（的）dew point curve露点线diagenesis 成岩作用diagenetic a. 成岩（作用）的diagnostic a. 特征的，有鉴定意义的diapiric a. 底辟的diaprism n. 底辟作用diaproportionation n. 不均，歧化作用diastrophic a. 地壳运动的diastrophism n. 地壳作用differential entrapment 差异聚集diffuse v. 扩散，漫射Dijon 第戌（法国城市）dilute v. 稀释，冲淡dip n. 倾斜，倾向，倾角discernible a. 可辨别的，看得清的discharge n. 流量，排泄，释放discrepancy n. 差异，偏差discrete a. 不连续的，离散的，个别的disintegration n. 衰变，蜕变，崩解dislocation n. 错位，位移，断错disperse v. 散布，分布disposal n. 处理，配置disseminate v. 散布，侵染dissipation n. 损耗，散逸distal a. 远端的，末端的distillate n. 馏分，馏分物distillation蒸馏作用distributary n. 分流，支流divergence n. 离散，发散diverse a. 不同的，多种多样的dolomite n. 白云岩，白云石dolomitisation n. 白云岩化downflex v. 向下弯曲，向下挠曲downthrow n. & v. 下降盘，下降断层；下落downwarp n. 下拗，拗陷drape n. 披盖，盖层drill cuttings 岩屑drilling mud钻井泥浆drive v. & n. 驱动，开动，推进ductile a. 延性的，塑性的Eechinoderm n. 棘皮类动物，棘皮动物echinoid a. 海胆形的，海胆属的echo sounder 回声探测仪edge water 边水effective permeability有效渗透率effective porosity有效孔隙度effluent n. 侧流elegant a. 优雅的，精致的elevated a. 上升的eliminate v. 消除，消去，排除elimination n. 消除，消去elliptical a. 椭圆的elongate a. 延伸的，细长的elucidation n. 阐明，解释embed v. 埋入，夹在层间，嵌入embryo n. & a. 胚胎，胚胎的，雏形的enclosure n. 包裹体，包体encompassing a. 包罗万象的encounter v. 遇到encrusting a. 结壳的，包壳的engulf v. 吞没，湮没entrap v. 俘获，捕集enzyme n. 酶Eocene n. & a. 始新世（的），始新统（的）episode n. 幕，期equatorial a. 赤道的equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡erosion v. 侵蚀erratic a. 不规则的ester n. 脂estuary n. 河口，江湾，三角港，潮区ethane n. 乙烷eustatic a. 海面升降（变化）的，全球性的evaluate v. 估计，评价，测定evaluation n. 估计，评价，测定evaporate n. 蒸发盐（岩）类evaporate rock蒸发岩exosolution n. 析出，逸出expansibility n. 膨胀性，延伸性exponential a. 指数的expulsion n. 排出，驱动extrapolate v. 推断，外推Exxon 埃克森（石油公司）Ffabric n. 组构facet n. 刻面，磨蚀面facies n. 相，岩相，期fatty acids 脂肪酸fauna (sing.) n. 动物群faunae (pl.) n. 动物群fecal a. 粪便的fenestra (sing.) n. 窗孔，膜孔fenestral a. 窗格状的，小孔的filtrate n. 渗流，滤液finite a. 有限的flank n. 翼，侧flexural a. 弯曲的flora (sing.) n. 植物群florae (pl.) n. 植物群fluid traps 流体圈闭fluorescence荧光性fluvial a. 河流的foraminifera n. 有孔虫目foredeep n. 前渊，外地槽foreland n. 前陆，山前地带foreset n. 前积层formulate v. 把…化为公式fracture裂缝fragile a. 易碎的，碎的fragmental reservoir rocks 碎屑岩储集岩fragmental rock碎屑岩fragrant a. 芬芳的，香的framestone n. 骨架岩framework n. 结构，格架，骨架friable a. 易碎的，脆性的friction n. 摩擦function groups 官能团fungi (pl.) n. 真菌fungi 菌类fungus (sing.) n. 真菌futile a. 无用的，无效的Ggas chromatography (Ge) 气相色谱法gas hydrates 气水合物gaseous a. 气体的gastropod n. 腹足纲软体动物generation生成geopolymer n. 地质（有机）聚合物geosynclinal zones 地槽带globule n. 小球，球粒gouge n. 断层泥graben n. 地堑gradational a. 渐变的，逐渐过渡的grapestone n. 葡萄石graphite n. 石墨greenschist n. 绿片岩greywacke n. 杂砂岩，硬砂岩，灰瓦克groove n. 沟，槽沟guarantee n. & v. 保证guesswork n. 推测gypsum n. 石膏HHalimeda n. 仙掌藻属halite n. 石盐halite/rock salt 岩盐heave n. 平错height of gas column 气柱高度height of oil column 油柱高度height of traps/closure闭合高度helium n. 氦（He）hemin血红素heteroatomic a. 杂原子的heteroatoms NSO 杂原子heterochronous a. 异时的heterogeneous a. 异质的，非均质的high sulfur crude oil 高硫原油hinge belt 枢纽带，捩转带hinterland n. 后陆，腹地homogenize v. 使…均匀homologous a. 同源的，同系（物）的homologous 同系物homopycnal a. 等密度的horst n. 地垒humic a. 腐植的hummocky a. 丘状起伏的humus n. 腐植质hydraulic a. 水力的，液压的hydrocarbon n. 烃，碳氢化合物hydrostatic a. 静水压力的hypogene a. 深成的，上升的hypopycnal a. 低密度的Ii-alkanes 异构链烷igneous rock火成岩imbrication n. 叠瓦构造impair v. 削弱，减少impart v. 给予，传递impedance n. 阻抗impervious a. 不透水的，不渗透的impervious rock非渗透性岩石impinge (on) v. 冲击，碰撞in bulk 大量in conjunction with 和…一起，连同…一起in response to 响应，随…而，根据in situ 原地，原点，原生incidence n. 发生，入射，倾角incite v. 刺激，鼓励incorporate v. 合并，混合incremental a. 渐进的，递增的index (sing.) n. 指数，索引indices (pl.) n. 指数，索引indole n. 氮茚，吲哚induce v. 导致，引起induration n. 固结，硬化inert a.惰性的，不活泼的inertia n. 惰性，惯性infancy n. 幼年期infauna n. 海底动物infiltration water 渗入水inflection n. 弯曲，曲折influx n. 流入量ingest v. 摄取，吸收inherit v. 继承，遗传initiate v. 开始，发动inorganic origin无机成因intact a. 完整的，未受损的intercrystalline a. 晶间的interdeep n. 山间拗陷interfacial a. 界面的，面间的intergranular a. 粒间的intermediary waters 夹层水intermittent a. 间歇的，间断的intermontane a. 山间的interregional a. 区际的，跨区域的intersect v. 横切，交叉intersection n. 横切，交叉interstice n. 空隙，间隙interstitial a. 空隙的，间隙的，填隙的intimately ad. 密切地，直接地intraparticle a. 粒内的intrusion n. 侵入，侵入体invalidate v. 使无效，使作废inversion n. 倒转，转换invoke v. 援引，引用inwards ad. 向内，向里irreversible a. 单向的，不可逆的isomer n. （同分）异构体isomeric alkanes 异构链烷isopach n. 等厚线isoparaffin n. 异构烷烃isoprenoid n. 异戊间二烯化合物isostatically ad. 均衡地，等压地Jjerk v. & n. 猛拉，冲击jet v. & n. 喷射，急流Jurassic n. & a. 侏罗纪（的），侏罗系（的）juxtapose v. 使…并置juxtaposition n. 并置，毗连Kkerogen n. 干酪根，油母岩kinetics n. 动力学Llacustrine a. 湖泊的，湖成的laden a. 充满了的lagoon n. 泻湖lamina (sing.) n. 薄片，薄层lamination n. 薄层，纹理lath n. 条板layer-cake 连续地层柱lead铅lenses 透镜体levee n. 天然堤lignite n. 褐煤lime n. 石灰，氧化钙lime-secreting 分泌钙质的，钙质充填的limestone灰岩linearly线性体lipid n. 脂类liquefy液化literfingering n. 指状穿插，楔形夹层lithification n. 石化作用lithify v. 石化lithofacies n. 岩相lithologic a. 岩性的lithology n. 岩性lithosphere岩石圈lithostratigraphic a. 岩性地层的lobe n. 舌，瓣logarithmically对数地longitudinal a. 经度的，纵向的low sulfur crude oil 低硫原油lump v. 集中，使…归并lunate a. 新月形的Mmagmatism岩浆作用magnesium n. 镁（Mg）magnesium镁maintenance n. 维持，保养manganese锰marine petroleum海相石油marl n. 泥灰岩mass spectrography (MS) 质谱法maturation n. 成熟作用meandering n. 曲流，弯曲mechanics n. 力学，机制，机理megaripple n. 巨波纹Mesozoic n. & a. 中生代（的），中生界（的）metagenesis 深成作用metagenetic a. 准变质作用的metamorphic rock变质岩metamorphism变质作用metastable a. 亚稳的metaxylene n. 间二甲苯meteoric a. 大气的，气象的methane n. 甲烷，沼气methane hydrate甲烷水合物methane甲烷methylisomer n. 甲基同分异构体microbial a. 微生物的microbial activity微生物活动microorganisms 显微有机质migrate v. 运移migration n. 运移migration运移millidarcy n. 毫达西，千分达西minimal a. 最小的，最低的miogeosyncline n. 冒地槽，冒地向斜Mio-Pliocene 中—上新世（统）miscellaneous 混杂misstate v. 谎报，伪称mobility n. 活动性，迁移率modeling n. 模拟，模式化moderate a. 中等的，适度的modification n. 改进，修正Moho n. 莫霍面molasses n. 磨拉石moldic a. 印模的，铸模的mollusk n. 软体动物molybdenum钼monocline n. 单斜morphology n. 结构，形态（学）mucus n. 粘液mudstone泥岩multichannel a. 多道的，多路的multitude n. 大量，众多mutually ad. 相互地Nn-alkanes 正构烷烃naphthalene萘naphthene n. 环烷烃naphthene环烷naphthenic oils 环烷型原油naphthenoaromatic nuclei 环烷芳香核natural gas 天然气negate v. 使…无效，取消negative ion负离子neglect v. 忽略，遗漏negligible a. 可忽略的，很小的next to 仅次于niche n. 小生境nickel porghyrin镍卟啉nickel 镍Nitrogen n. 氮（N）nitrogen compounds 含氮化合物nitrogen氮non-associated gas 非伴生气noncommercial a. 非商业的nonetheless ad. & conj. 尽管，还是；然而；依然non-hydrocarbon gases 非烃气nonmarine a. 非海洋的，非海成的nonskeletal a. 非骨骼的normal alkanes 正构链烷nourishment n. 营养，食物NSO compounds 氮硫氧化合物nucleus n. 核，地核nutrient n. 滋养剂，营养Ooblique a. 倾斜的，斜交的obliquely ad. 倾斜地，斜交地obliterate v. 消除obscure a. & v. 模糊的；搞混，使…不分明oceanology n. 海洋学odor n. 气味oil-field water 油田水oil-water contacts 油水接触olefin n. 烯烃Oligo-Miocene 渐—中新世（统）onlap n. 超覆，上超onset n. 开始，起始oolite n. 鲕粒岩，鲕石oomoldic a. 鲕穴状的optimistic a. 乐观的Ordovician n.& a. 泥盆纪（的），泥盆系（的）organic acid有机酸organic matter 有机质organic origin有机成因organometallic compounds 有机金属化合物originate v. 发源，起源orthodox a. 传统的，惯例的orthoquartzite n. 沉积石英岩（正石英岩）oscillate v. 摆动，振荡outcrop n. 露头outlet n. 出口，排水口outwards ad. 向外oval a. 椭圆的，卵形的overestimate v. 过高评价over-flowing points 溢流点overgrowth n. 增长，过度生长overlap n. 超覆，重叠overthrust n. 逆掩断层overview n. 总的看法ovoid a. 卵形的，蛋形的oxygen compounds 含氧化合物Ppacket n. 套（地层）Paleocene n.& a. 古新世（的），古新统（的）Paleozoic n.&a. 古生代（的），古生界（的）palynological a. 孢粉学的panoramic a. 全景的paraffin n. 石蜡烃，烷烃paraffinic oils 石蜡型原油paraffinic–naphthenic oils 石蜡环烷型原油paraffin石蜡烃parameter n. 参数，参量paranaphthalene蒽parlance n. 用语，说法parrotfish n. 鹦咀鱼partial saturation部分饱和particulate n. 颗粒，微粒parting n. 分离，裂理，裂开patch n. 斑，块pay sand 油砂pelecypod n. 瓣鳃纲软体动物pelletoud n. 似球粒，似团粒pelmodic a. 泥质团粒印模的peloid n. 球粒状，似球粒penecontemporaneous a. 准同期的，准同生的Penicillas n. 笔藻属，画笔藻属permeability渗透性（率）permeable a. 可渗透的permeat n. 渗透，穿过perpendicular a. 垂直的，正交的petroleum alteration石油蚀变petroleum geology石油地质学petroleum pools 油藏petroleum refiners 石油炼制者petroleum reservoirs 油藏petroliferous a. 含石油的petrology n. 岩石学phenol n. 酚phenols 苯酚photosynthesis n. 光合作用photosynthetic pigment 光合色素phytoplankton n. 浮游植物pinpoint v. 精确定位plan n. 平面图planar a. 平面的planktonic a. 浮游生物的plausible a. 似乎合理的playa n. 干盐湖plutonic water 火成岩水point-bar 点沙坝，曲流沙坝pollen n. 花粉polycondensation缩聚作用polycyclic a. 多环的，多旋回的polysaccharides 多醣pool n. 水池，储油层，油藏porosity孔隙度porous a. 多孔的porphyrin卟啉positive ion阳离子postulate v. 要求，假设potassium n. 钾（K）potassium钾（K）Precambrian n.& a. 前寒武纪（的），前寒武系（的）preclude v. 消除，妨碍precursor n. 先驱，先质体preferentially ad. 优先地preliminary a. 初步的，预先的preponderance n. 优势，优越preservable a. 可保存的preservation n. 保存，储存preserve v. 保存，储存primary migration初次运移primitive a. 原始的，早期的prior (to) ad.&a. 在…之前，居先的procedural a. 程序性的processing n. 处理prodelta n. 前三角州profiling n. 剖面勘探，剖面法progradation n. 前积，进积渐进作用prolific a. 多产的，丰富的prolong v. 延长，拖长promising a. 有希望的，有开采价值的prone a. 有…的倾向，易于…的propane n. 丙烷prophyrin n. 甾族化合物，卟啉proportional to 与…成（正）比例propping n.& a. 支撑（的）prospect n. 勘探（区），远景（区）protein蛋白质pseudo-log 视速度测井psi=pounds per square inch 磅/平方英寸pucker v. 折迭，起皱pyridine n. 氮苯，吡啶pyrolysis n. 热解，高温分解pyrrole n. 氮茂，吡咯pyrrole rings 吡咯环Qqualification n. 限制条件quiescence n. 静止，沉寂quinoline n. 氮萘，喹啉Rradially ad. 径向地，辐射地radioisotope n. 放射性同位素rampart n. 沙砾堆，浪成堤reactant n. 反应物，作用物reconnaissance n. 踏勘，普查redox 氧化还原作用reef n. 礁，矿脉refine v. 精选，提炼refraction n. 折射regime n. 状态，情况regression n. 海退，回归relative permeability相对渗透率relict n. 残余物，残留生物religious a. 宗教的remnant n. 残余物，剩余物repel v. 排斥，推斥reservoir n. 储集层，油层，产油层reservoir rock储集层（岩）residual (pl.) n. 风化壳，残余物residue n. 残余物residuum (sing.) n. 风化壳，残余物resin n. 树脂，胶质resin树脂，胶质retain v. 保持，保留retard v. 推迟，放慢retrogradation n. 退积，海岸线退后rhythm n. 韵律，周期性rift valley 裂谷，断陷谷rigidity n. 刚性，刚度rigor n. 严密，准确rigorous a. 严密的，准确的ripple n. 波纹，涟漪riverine a. 河流的routinely ad. 按常规地Ssag n. 坳陷，下挠盆地salinity n. 含盐量，盐度salinity盐分，岩度salt domes 岩丘sandstone砂岩scrape v. 刮，擦scratch n. 擦痕，划痕secondary migration二次运移secrete v. 分泌sedimentation water 沉积水seep n.&v. （油，气）苗，渗出seepage n. 油苗segment n. 片，段，部分segregation n. 分解，离析seismic a. 地震的seismology n. 地震学seismopraph n. 地震仪seismostratigraphy 地震地层学selvedge n. 断层泥，边缘带series traps 系列圈闭shale rock 页岩shearing n. 剪切shield n. 地盾shift n.&v. 移动，改变shoal n.&v. 浅滩，沙洲；变成Siberian a. 西伯利亚的Silurian n.&a.志留纪（的），志留系（的）simulation n. 模拟simultaneous a. 同时发生的sink v.&n. 下沉，洼地skeletal a. 骨架的，轮廓的skeletal mound 骨丘skeleton n. 骨骸，骨架slicing n. 切片slickensided a. 有擦痕的slip n. 平移，滑距slumping n. 滑动，崩滑sodium 钠solubility溶解性solution coefficient 溶解系数span v. 跨越，弥补sparite n. 亮晶，胶质方解石specific gravity比重spectral (pl.) n. 范围，光谱spectrum (sing.) n 范围，光谱speculative a. 推测的spine n. 壳刺，壳针，脊柱spit n. 沙咀，岬spit point 溢出点sponge n. 海绵spore n. 孢子squeeze v. 挤，压stabilizer n. 稳定剂stagnant a. 停滞的，不流的stalk n. 茎step fault 阶梯断层stereoisomer n. 立体异构体steroid n. 甾族化合物stimulation n. 激励，强化，增产storage n. 集储，贮藏STP 标准温压straightforward a. 直接的，简单的stratigraphic a. 地层学的stratigraphic trap 地层圈闭stride n. 大步，进展strike n. 走向structural trap 构造圈闭stylolite n. 缝合面，缝合线subaquatic environments 半水生环境subaqueous a. 水下的subcontinental a. 次大陆的，陆下的subordinate a. 次要的，从属的subside v. 下沉，下降subsidence n. 下沉，下降substantiate v. 证明，证实substrate n. 底层，基层succession n. 连续，系列sulfates 硫酸盐sulfide n. 硫化物，硫醚sulfur 硫sultfur compounds 含硫化合物supergene a. 表生的，浅成的superimpose (on) v. 叠加，加上superjacent a. 上覆的，上邻的supersede v. 替代，更换supplant v. 替换，取代supracrustal a. 上壳层的，外地壳的supratidal a. 潮上的surficial a. 地表的，表成的susceptible a. 灵敏的，敏感的suspect v. 怀疑suspension n. 悬浮，悬移sustain v. 支持，维持swabbing n. 抽吸，抽汲swash v.&n. 冲激，冲洗synchronous a. 同时的，同步的syncline n. 向斜synform n. 向斜式构造，向形synthem n. 序，构造层synthesis n. 综合，合成synthesize v. 综合，合成Ttabular a. 板状的take…for granted 认为…是理所当然的tar n. 焦油，沥青target n. 目标，对象taxa (pl.) n. 分类单位taxon (sing.) n. 分类单位tear fault 横推断层，捩断层tectonism n. 构造作用temporal a. 暂时的，时间上的tensile a. 张性的，拉伸的terminology n. 术语terrestrial a. 地球的，陆地的terrigenous petroleum陆相原油thermal alteration 热变质thiol n. 硫醇thiophene n. 噻吩thorium n. 钍（Th）throat n. 通道，孔喉throw v.&n. 垂直断距，落差time temperature index 时间温度指数toluene n. 甲苯topography n. 地形学，地形测量学topset n. 顶积层tortuosity n. 扭度，曲折度，弯曲度total porosity 总孔隙度trace elements 微量元素transcurrent fault 横推断层transform fault 转换断层transform water 转换水transgression n. 海进，海侵，超覆transpression n. 转换压缩，扭压作用transtension n. 转换拉张，扭张作用transverse a. 横向的，横切的trap n. 圈闭traps caused by faulting 断层圈闭traps caused by fracturing 裂缝圈闭traps 圈闭triterpenoid n. 三萜类化合物truncation n. 平截，削截，截顶tuck v. 褶叠，包，卷tuff n. 凝灰岩turbulent a. 湍流的，湍急的Uubiquitous a. 普遍存在的ultraviolet radiation 紫外线unconformiting traps 不整合圈闭unconformity n. 不整合unconsolidated a. 未固结的undeformed a. 未变形的unlithified a. 未石化的unravel v. 解开；阐明；散开unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃updip a. 沿倾斜向上的uplift v.& n. 上升，隆起，举起，提高upstream n. 上游upthrown a. 上升的upwelling n. 上升，上涌uranium n. 铀（U）urchin n. 海胆Vvalence n. (化合)价valid a. 有效的vanadium porphyrin 钒卟啉vanadium 钒variable n. 变量，变数vegetation n. 植被vertebrate n. 脊椎动物vessel n. 船，容器viable a. 可行的，富有生命的vicinity n. 附近地区viscoclastic a. 粘弹性的viscosity n. 粘性，粘度viscosity 粘度visualize v. 设想，想象，可见vitrinite n. 镜质组，镜质体vitrinite reflection 境质体反射率void n. 空隙，孔隙volumetrically ad. 从容量上vug n. 晶洞Wwarp v. 使…翘起，弄弯water washing 水洗作用wax 蜡wedge-edge 尖灭well logging 测井wellbore n. 井，井身wildcat n.& v. 初探井，野猫井winnowing n. 簸选，漂选wisp n. 小捆，一片wrench fault 平搓断层，扭断层Zzinc 锌zonation n. 分带性，带状排列。

石油工程专业外语电子教材

石油工程专业外语电子教材

石油工程专业外语电子教材How It All BeganOil.Petroleum.Black gold.Formed under the surface of the earth millions of years ago, man has long been aware of the existence of oil. Yet, it has only been in the last hundred years or so that man has fully realized its value and usefulness. In hardly more than a century, our modern society has become totally dependent upon the men and women and dreams and realities of the petroleum industry. Today we depend upon petroleum products not only for transportation, heating, and generating electricity, but also for fertilizers and fabrics, plastics and pantyhose. munitions and medicines, paints and pesticides, and thousands of other items we take for granted every day.Other fuels, such as coal and uranium, would not be available without the diesel fuel and petroleum-based explosives required to mine, transport, and process them, or the billions of cubic feet of natural gas necessary to manufacture the Portland cement needed to build the generating stations they fuel. In short, as the past decade has painfully taught us, the world’s economy is based not on gold or political philosophies, but rather on the price of a barrel of crude.Man first became acquainted with petroleum through natural 〝seeps,〞or spots on the earth’s surface where shallow deposits of crude oil—and often natural gas—oozed upwards into pits, creeks, and marshes, or along beaches and bays. Petroleum, as the 〝rock oil〞, was called by the ancients, is referred to not only in the Bible, but also in man’s earliest recorded history. Oil seeps and bitumen pits furnished the pitch and asphalt used in the mortar that built the Tower of Babel, the walls of Ninevah, and Solomon’s temple. It was from 〝slime pits〞near the Dead Sea, that the Egyptians obtained the bitumen they used to embalm their dead. In 3000 B.C. the Sumerians were using oil-burning lamps, a practice adopted in Greece around 250 B.C.In the East, sometime after 100 B.C., the Chinese were digging wells hundreds of feet deep to obtain salt water from which they extracted the sodium chloride to season and preserve their food. Occasionally these wells also produced natural gas, which the Chinese learned to use not only for heating and cooking, but also to pipe through bamboo tubes and burn to heat the well water to hasten its evaporation.By 615 A.D., the Japanese were digging wells nearly 1,000 ft deep in attempts to obtain 〝burning water,〞a practice which was also occurring in Burma and India at about the same time. And, along the banks of the Caspian Sea, men were digging shallow wells by hand to obtain oil to light their lamps.As man found more and more of this strange substance, he slowly began to learn that it could be used in many ways. In 671 A.D., Kallinikos of Byzantium invented a primitive missile which he called Greek Fire. which carried an incendiary payload composed of petroleum, sulfur. resin, and rock salt, which the Greeks used against their enemies, the Arabs, during the siege of Constantinople. The Greeks also used petroleum in war at sea, pouring it on the water and igniting it, a fearsome weapon against wooden ships. Even earlier, the legionnaires of ancient Rome won a battle by setting oil-soaked pigs aflame and driving them into the ranks of the approaching enemy.Gradually, the use of petroleum began to spread across parts of Asia and Europe. But, in order for any new industry to come about, three factors must be present: a widely demonstrated need for the product provided, a reliable and economical source of supply, and an established market price that would guarantee a return on investment sufficient to overcome the risks inherent in any new venture. Thus, the time was not yet right for the birth of the worldwide petroleum industry, and it would not be until the Europeans ventured west that the sleeping giant would begin to awaken.1.1 The New WorldWhen the first explorers ventured into the New World, they found petroleum marshes as well as huge asphalt pools in Trinidad, Venezuela, and later, in California. As more and more adventurers made the long voyage across the Atlantic, they learned to come to these places, beach their sea-weary ships and caulk their leaks with boiled-down petroleum residues. Not only did this seal the hulls, it also protected them against teredos, small, worm-like marine mollusks that inhabit tropical waters and bore into wooden ships, destroying them. In the years to come, this practice of ship coating would grow into an industry of its own and create one of the first economic demands for petroleum products.1.1.1 Latin AmericaThe Indians in what is now Mexico, called this tarry substance Chapapote, while in Venezuela and other parts of South America it was called Mene. The pre-Colombian peoples used chapapote or mene—which had worked its way to the earth’s surface—as medicine in the form of liniments and ointments, to coat footwear, boats, and roofing, as glue, for illumination. and as incense. In 1579, Commander Melcor de Alfaro Santa Cruzhad written home to Spain describing the many uses of chapapote in Mexico, which included toothpaste and chewing gum. However. Venezuela may have become the world’s first petroleum exporting country when in 1539, several barrels of mene were shipped to Spain, apparently in response to an urgent request for a 〝miracle drug〞to cure the painful gout afflicting Emperor Charles Ⅴ. Rumors having reached the royal ears of the great medicinal powers attributed by the Indians to a mysterious substance found around Lake Maricaibo. Thus the origins of today’s petroleum industry are closely entwined with the history of Latin America, and many Latin nations have contributed to the industry that has changed the world.1.1.2 North AmericaLater, as Europeans penetrated the northern portion of the hemisphere, they found that the Indians from California to what is now Pennsylvania and Canada were also familiar with this strange black substance that came from within the earth, and had developed many practical uses for it. In southern California, they applied asphalt to baskets or cloth to make them waterproof. These baskets were used to carry water since they were not only lighter than pottery, but unbreakable as well. Asphalt was also used to caulk their boats and waterproof their roofs. In 1788, Peter Pond, exploring western Canada in what is now Alberta, reported that the Cree Indians were using tar from the Athabasca River to caulk their canoes and also as medicine.Today, one of the most widely used skin ointments in the world is known in English as 〝Indian Petrolatum,〞or, 〝petroleum jelly,〞a scientific name derived from the Greek which obscures its American Indian invention, in making this nearly colorless gelatinous material of olefin hydrocarbons and methane, the Indians found one of the first practical uses of petroleum. They applied it to human and animal skins to protect wounds, stimulate healing, and to keep the skin moist. They also used it to lubricate the moving parts of tools. Today, petroleum jelly has found its way to the most remote parts of the earth, including the Sahara where nomadic tribesmen smear it on their skin to protect themselves from the relentless sun, dry wind, and pounding sand.The Indians to Pennsylvania used a number of open pits as oil wells, a fact noted by the white settlers of the Quaker State who, in the nineteenth century, not only launched the American petroleum industry from this spot. but in so doing, created the impetus that would move the world into the petroleum society.As the settlers began to move westward into the interior of this vast land, the need was not for oil, but, as had been the case in other parts of the world, for salt, so they could preserve their food for the long winter months. Those living in the Ohio Valley and the westward slope of the Alleghenies found they could drill wells through the rock down into subsurface brine deposits. When the brine was brought to the surface, it was boiled downand the resulting salt used to cure their meat.But some of these crude, hand-drilled wells produced oil as well as salt. Since the oil contaminated the salt, it was considered a nuisance by the colonists who either drained it into nearby creeks or into sump pits where it was burned. However, plantation owner George Washington considered his Virginia estate’s 〝bitumen spring〞to be of value. Harking back to the days of the Indian healers, a few entrepreneurs bottled this residue and sold it as a widely acclaimed 〝cure-all〞through itinerant wagon shows and local druggists.1.1.3 The Search for LightSamuel M. Kier, a Pittsburgh druggist who owned some brine wells near Tarentum, Pennsylvania, was one of these. In addition to salt, Kier’s wells also produced much petroleum. From this 〝useless〞by-product. Kier bottled his oil, labeled it 〝Pennsylvania Rock Oil,〞and advertised it far and wide. But, it failed to find a ready market. Undaunted, Kier then devised a crude still to convert his petroleum into a lamp oil. His 〝rock oil〞burned, but it had a bad odor, and produced a heavy, black smoke. Although Kier was not successful, suddenly the first birth pains of the oil industry were felt because man began to realize there was a widespread need for petroleum.By mid-nineteenth century, the idea of popular education had spread widely; more and more people could read and write. And, there was more to read since this was also a great period of growth for the newly popular newspapers and magazines which were now beginning to be published for the masses instead of for an elite few. But for the most part, the world was still largely an agrarian society. On farms, and in the cities which were becoming industrialized. people worked a minimum of twelve hours a day, or from dawn to dark. This made reading a leisure time activity, which had to be done at night, after the day’s labors were completed. Therefore, in order to read, people needed light. Light was also needed by the new factories of the Industrial Age if they were to be able to operate during the short and dark winter days and survive economically. Many used tallow candles which were both expensive and ineffective, or, sperm oil from whales, which though relatively clean burning, was becoming more and more expensive because even then the great herds of whales had been hunted to the point of extinction.In both America and Europe a search was on for a source of light that could be manufactured to sell at a reasonable price, burn cleanly, and provide effective illumination.In a few large cities, plants had been built to process artificial gas from coal or to furnish natural gas from wells located in the towns themselves. Gas lights illuminated the streets at night, and indoors 〝jets〞—thousands of times brighter than candies—not only brightened homes, but also made the forerunners of the modem factory possible for the first time. Gaslight quickly became enormously popular, but the piping was crude andexpensive to install, which meant that gas was available only in metropolitan areas. So the search, including attempts to produce a light source from petroleum, continued.In 1849 ,James Young, a Scotsman, obtained a patent for processing cannel coal (or more likely, cannel shale which is prevalent in Scotland), which he distilled into what he called coal oil. It became popular almost immediately, and the world’s first refining industry sprang up in Britain as Young issued licenses on his patent for the production of coal oil in both Great Britain and the United States.1.1.4 CanadaA brilliant and innovative Canadian, was responsible for the next step in the birthing. Abraham Gesner, a medical doctor who was also an amateur geologist and self-taught chemist from Nova Scotia, began experimenting in the 1840s with producing lamp oils from both asphalt and coal. Using a process similar to Young’s, he became the first in North America to distill a hydrocarbon into lamp fuel. In 1853, he moved his operation to New York and began producing coal oil. The following year he introduced a new product called 〝Kerosene,〞from the Greek words for oil and wax. Even though coal oil and the early kerosene were smelly, smoked badly, and cost dearly, they immediately became far more popular than whale oil, which had risen in price to $2.50 per gallon, which placed it far beyond the reach of most consumers. Gesner began to issue licenses under his American patent, and by 1860, there were more than 70 plants in the United States producing an estimated 23,000 gals of coal oil per year from natural asphalts, soft coal, and shale.All of this would last only a few short years however, for it was to be kerosine refined from petroleum, not coal oil, that would light the world. Up until the mid-1850s all crude oil had either been skimmed from seeps or produced as an unwanted by-product of brine wells, and was considered by many to be good only as a medicine show novelty. But two brothers in a tiny village in Canada West, as Ontario was called in 1854, would change all that and in so doing, change the world. Henry and Charles Nelson Tripp of Enniskillen Township on the north shore of Lake Ontario, a metropolis inhabited by 37 settlers. 34 cows. and 16 hogs, founded the world’s first incorporated oil company, International Mining and Manufacturing. Their interests were not in lamp oil, but in possible industrial uses for the black, tar-like substance from gum beds located on their property. In 1850 a chemist with the Canadian Geological Survey had pointed out that the gum had possible commercial use as paving material, a sealant for ship bottoms, and as raw material for the manufacture of illuminating gas. By 1854 they were digging the bitumen by hand, and boiling it down in open cast iron kettles. Their major trust was to sell their product for paving and for marine use as ship coating. Even though the Hamilton Gas Company reported that gas made from the bitumen produced far more illumination than the gasproduced from coal, the Tripps ignored this market and by 1856 their company failed and was forced to sell its gum beds. It was to the buyer of their 600 ac of potential oil land that fame as the founder of the North American oil industry would come.James Miller Williams was a carriage maker from Hamilton, Ontario. In 1857 he set up a simple refinery on Black Creek and set out to drill for oil, correctly assuming that if he penetrated below the surface of the asphalt beds he would find more oil. His first well was abandoned after the pipe broke off at 27 ft, but in 1858 he successfully produced oil from a depth of 49 ft. Whereas the Tripps had mined the bitumen from its surface beds, Williams began pumping crude oil from a reservoir beneath them, which he then refined into lamp oil. In I860 he reincorporated as the Canadian Oil Company. This was North America’s first integrated oil company, since its activities included exploration, production, refining, and marketing. That same year, nearly 100 wells were drilled in the Oil Springs area with the successful ones producing 12 to 23 B/D (barrels per day). Then, on January 16, I862, the greatest gusher the world had ever seen blew in at Oil Springs. Spouting crude more than 20 ft into the air, it flowed at an astonishing 2.000 B/D. Refineries quickly sprang up across Ontario, but almost as quickly, the momentum of the growing industry flowed south across the border (Figure 1-1).Figure 1-1 James Miller Williams [courtesy The Oil Museum of Canada]1.2 The United StatesIn 1857, Col. A. C. Ferris, a major supplier of lamp oil, saw samples of Samuel Kiersrock oil in use. He purchased some and ran it through his processing plant. It produced such a superior lighting oil that he sent agents far and wide buying crude for $20/bbl, a price the world would not see again for more than a century. Some of this oil he purchased from Williams in Ontario, although most of his supply came haphazardly from brine wells, oil springs, or oil seeps. Suddenly, the pieces of the puzzle began to come together, there was a growing need for the product, a firm market price had been established, so all that remained was the development of a reliable supply of raw material in quantity, in this case, crude oil.1.2.1 The Birth of the IndustryJames Miller Williams may well have been the father of the modern oil industry, but history, fickle as always, has chosen to award that honor to an American, Col. Edwin Drake(Figure 1-2). A former railway conductor, the 〝colonel〞was an affectation adopted to impress the towns-people of Oil Creek. Pennsylvania, where Drake, as representative of the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company, spent three unsuccessful years trying to skim oil in marketable quantities from the same springs the Indians had used years before. When the company failed, Drake organized the Seneca Oil Company to try again. This time he looked at the brine wells that had been drilled at nearby Tarantum and made the momentous decision to try to obtain oil in quantity by drilling for it —a decision that brought him ridicule and derision from the local population.Figure 1-2 Colonel Edwin Drake [courtesy The Drake Well Museum]He assembled a steam-powered cable-tool drilling rig much the same as the ones usedby the salt water drillers and began operations. That he was successful was due in no small part to the skill and dedication of his driller, William A, 〝Uncle Billy〞Smith, a blacksmith and experienced brine well driller. After penetrating 30 ft of rock. Drake struck oil at a total depth of 69 1/2 ft. The well was not a gusher —the oil had to be pumped to the surface, but it was the first 〝oil-well〞in the United States and the lamp oil producers quickly flocked to the site to buy Drake’s oil for $20/bbl. That day, August 27, I859, is noted as the birthday of the oil industry, for Drake had proves that it was possible to obtain oil in quantity by drilling for it through rock. At last the combination had come together: the need for oil, an established market and price, and a method of obtaining oil in quantity (Figure 1-3).Figure 1-3 Drake Well 1866 [courtesy The Drake Well Museum]Almost overnight Titusville and the Oil Creek area became the World’s first oil boom town as buyers, would-be producers, and lessors swarmed to the area, giving western Pennsylvania the title 〝Cradle of the Oil industry.〞Although many men in many countries around the world were seeking oil, Drake just happened to be the first to find it in quantity by drilling through rock. and he was far more fortunate in his selection of a site than anyone at the time realized(Figure 1-4).By pure chance the Drake well was located in an area where the pay sands were close to the earth’s surface and could easily be reached with the primitive equipment at hand. In fact, the Oil Creek field was the shallowest and most productive ever discovered. This permitted large-scale production in a short time. The area was also accessible to the available transportation facilities. In addition to the railroad, Oil City, south of Titusville,was located on the banks of the Allegheny River which joined both the Monongahela and the Ohio at Pittsburgh. Thus, needed supplies could be brought in and the oil shipped out to the markets of the rapidly industrializing north. As a final blessing, the oil was of high gravity and sulfur-free. In fact, for decades to come Pennsylvania-grade crude was the world’s standard against which all other oils were measured. It could easily be refined into a high-quality kerosene with the unsophisticated refining processes that were then in use. Also, since it had a paraffin base, it could easily be made into lubricants with the available technology. If Drake’s oil had been heavy, sour crude with a high sulfur content, the pioneer refiners would not have known what to do with it and the birth of the industry would have been delayed.Figure 1-4 Oil Creek in early 1860s[courtesy The Drake Well Museum]1.2.2 New Uses for PetroleumDozens of rigs soon covered the Pennsylvania landscape. Oil was produced so rapidly and in such great quantities that the existing storage facilities soon proved woefully inadequate and thousands of barrels spilled out on the ground and into rivers and creeks. The price rapidly began to drop, but despite the initial overproduction and a lowered price structure, the infant industry continued to grow and prosper as more and more uses were discovered for petroleum. At first the only needs were for lamp oil and lubricants, anything else that came out of the barrel including naphtha, benzene, and gasoline, was considered dangerous waste which was either burned or dumped into the nearest creek.The new industry was still only a two-year old infant when the horror of the Civil War burst across America, unleashing a new technological age. No longer were ships powered by sail alone—steam engines propelled supplies across the Atlantic, and the first iron warships and steamboats up and down the mighty rivers. Their engines, as well as themachinery in the factories that turned out cannons, repeating firearms, telegraph wire, barbed wire, and tents and clothing all needed lubrication, and lamp oil was needed to keep them working through the night, and to illuminate the field hospitals and headquarters tents.1.2.3 The Move WestwardBy the time the last Confederate general, Stand Watie, a Cherokee Indian, surrendered in Texas, half the nation lay in ruins. All of the railroads in the south, together with most of the port and manufacturing facilities, had been destroyed. A massive job of rebuilding was needed, one that called for more and more petroleum products. No sooner than this was underway, than men began to turn their ambitions westward. The War had given them the tools: barbed wire, steamboats, railroads, and repeating firearms, with which they could finally conquer the American West. The need for oil had turned into a never-ending demand.Not only was there a great demand for oil, there were great profits to be made in the ever-growing industry, a fact which did not escape the notice of John D. Rockefeller, who, in 1870, founded the Standard Oil Company. There were also great profits to be made by those who found new sources of oil to meet these increasing needs. This was still an era when little was known about reservoir mechanics, and there were fears that the Pennsylvania fields were becoming totally depleted. So as Americans moved westward, so did the search for oil. New fields were discovered in the Ohio Valley and in Illinois and Kentucky, although much of this proved to be heavier and more sour than the Pennsylvania grade crude. The search continued however, even into Wyoming, although these early wildcatters could not know that an American and two Germans, Thomas A. Edison, Gottlieb Daimler, and Carl Benz were on the verge of perfecting inventions that would change the oil industry—and the world—forever.1.2.4 Winners and LosersIn early part of the nineteenth century the Cherokee Indians in the southeastern United Stales became known as one of the Five 〝Civilized〞Tribes because they had adapted so well to the white man’s society. Many owned large estates and lived in fine homes whose furnishings often included extensive libraries. They published their own newspaper in the Cherokee language, and they sent their children to universities in the north and in Europe to be educated. Suddenly however, disaster struck. Gold was discovered on the Cherokee lands in northern Georgia. Overnight, greedy gold seekers evicted them from their home and confiscated their lands. Those who escaped the volunteer 〝militia〞were driven westward at bayonet point, and hundreds died along the shameful Trail of Tears. Eventually, the survivors were resettled in the vast Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory.Very few, if any at all, ever got to enjoy any of the mineral wealth of their ancestral home.Removal, an integral part of the 〝taming of the west,〞was the Government’s policy of moving as many Indians as possible onto reservations, many of which were located in Indian Territory. A few years after the Cherokees, it came the Osages’ turn to go. They pointed out to the Government that there was no land left that was not already assigned to a tribe. The terse response was, 〝Find some land, buy it, and go—or else.〞What they found was 1.8 million ac of hilly, rocky scrub, little suited for farming or much else, at the northern end of the Cherokee Nation. The Cherokees were more than happy to unload it on the hapless Osages for 75$/ac. Happy that is, until the Nellie Johnstone #1 was drilled in 1897.The first producing well in the Territory, it signaled the opening of the vast Oklahoma oil fields and for a time made the Osages the richest per capita nation in the world. But it was during a few hours on the afternoon of January 10, 1901, on a marshy bit of waste land near Beaumont, Texas, that the world was changed forever.1.3 SpindletopSpindletop—to oilmen the name still evokes feelings akin to Columbus first sighting of the New World or Neil Armstrong first setting foot on the moon. For it was on this worthless bit of Texas swamp that the first American gusher blew in with a mighty roar that was heard around the world. For if Drake’s well signaled the birth of the oil industry. Spindletop gave birth to Age of Liquid Fuel, and in so doing changed the lives of everyone on Earth. Now there was no looking back.Spindietop—although that is not the name they would have chosen—was the culmination of the dreams of two highly unlike, but equally colorful oilmen: Captain Anthony Lucas, a transplanted Slav mining engineer, and Patillo 〝Bud〞Higgins, a one-armed Texas Hellraiser turned Sunday School teacher.As a youth, Higgins had lost an arm as the result of a prank. One evening he and a group of companions had tossed a hornet’s nest into a tent where a Baptist revival meeting was taking place. An overly zealous deputy sheriff pursuing the group fired a shot that stuck young Higgins in the arm. The wound became infected and his arm had to be amputated. Higgins was a carousing brawler however, and to him the loss of a limb seemed to mean little. He headed for the timber country where he proceeded to show the other loggers he could outfight, outdrink, and outwork anyone with two arms and fists. His reputation grew until the townspeople dreaded to see him come in out of the woods on Saturday nights. But on one such evening fate stepped in again. He was passing another Baptist tent meeting much like the first one, when he paused for a moment, stayed to listen,and as a result 〝got religion.〞One of the pillars of the church, George W. Carroll, was deeply impressed by Higgins’conversion and offered him a job in his land and real estate business. Higgins accepted, and quickly became a successful and respected member of the community. One day, after a heavy rainstorm, Higgins happened to notice an unusual deposit of red clay that contrasted sharply with the black soil of the area. He had a sample analyzed and found it was the type of clay from which bricks could be made.Sensing a ready market for bricks, Higgins had a group of investors join him in building a kiln. The business showed a profit, but was inefficient, so Higgins went north to study established kiln operations. In Pennsylvania and Ohio he learned the kilns were fired by natural gas and by oil, more stable and efficient fuels than wood or coal. In seeking more information, he learned that many of the geological characteristics that oilmen looked for in their search for petroleum were present in a small mound that rose from the marshes south of Beaumont. When he returned to Texas, he studied the area carefully and became convinced that the mound was sitting above oil—much oil.Figure 1-5 Patillo Higgins [courtesy Amoco Torch]He approached George Carroll with his theory. Carroll agreed to support him, and in 1892 they formed the Gladys City Oil, Gas, and Manufacturing Company. Together with his dream of oil, Higgins had another dream—that of a whole new planned city. One with oil wells of course, but so laid out that there would be orderly growth and beauty as well as industry. For five years, using crude water well equipment, the company sought oil with no。

石油机械专业英语

石油机械专业英语

海上平台offshore platform1.泥浆泵mud pump2.修井机 workover rig3.钻机 dilling rig4.底盘 carrier5.井架 mast6.底座 substructure7.绞车 drawworks double-drum双滚筒 single-drum单滚筒 main drum主滚筒 sanddrum捞砂滚筒8.游车大钩 traveling block and hook9.天车crown block10.水龙头 swivel [ˈswɪvəl] 动力水龙头power swivel11.转盘 rotary table12.角箱 angle gear box13.车桥 axle [ˈæksəl]14.大绳 wire line 钻井绳drilling line 捞砂绳 sand line15.液压支腿 hydraulic jack16.发动机 engine17.变速箱 transmission18.分动箱 transfer box compound case19.传动轴 cardan shaft20.离合器 clutch21.链条 chain22.井口工具 wellhead tools23.液控箱 hydraulic control console24.司钻箱 drillers control console 司钻台操作台 driller’s console25.驾驶室 driving cab26.刹车系统 braking system27.保温系统 heat preservation system28.驱动系统 driving system29.转向系统 steering system30.气路系统 pneumatic system31.液路系统 hydraulic system32.电路系统 electrical system 直流DC 交流 AC33.游动系统 travelling system34.循环系统 circulating system35.操作系统 operation system36.车架 frame37.轮胎 wheel38.悬挂 suspension39.辅助刹车 auxiliary brake40.水刹车 hydromatic brake41.带刹 band brake42.转盘传动箱 rotary table drive box43.四方钻杆 square Kelly44.钻杆旋塞阀 Kelly valve45.液压绞车 hydraulic winch [haɪˈdrɔ:lɪk]46.水龙带 rotary hose47.液压猫头 hudraulic cathead48.立管 standpipe49.指重表 weight indicator50.大门坡道 V-door51.钻杆滑道 DP slide52.逃生滑道 escape slide53.船型底座 mud boat54.里巴斯绳槽 lebus groove55.轻型工作台 working platform56.井架基础 matting board57.由壬 union58.泥浆泵 slush pump59.动力源 prime mover60.减速箱 reducer61.吊环 elevator line一、填空题（共10空，每空3分，共30分）1、计算机辅助工艺设计的方法有派生式、创成式和混合式三种。

东北石油大学考研英语-翻译专项试题

东北石油大学考研英语-翻译专项试题

东北石油大学考研英语-翻译专项试题一、考研英语翻译英译汉1． As you have done the market survey, I would like to discuss with you the possibility of selling our products in the US.A) 因为美国产品有市场，所以我们要研究开发我们产品的可能性。

B) 因为你有市场资料，所以我希望与你讨论美国产品的销售情况。

C) 你已经作了市场调查，所以我想和你讨论在美国销售我们产品的可能性。

D) 你已了解了市场，因此我希望能与你商讨在美国开发我们产品的可能性。

【答案】C2． Women would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke.A) 妇女在家里吸烟长达410年或更长时间，她们患肺癌的痛苦就会加倍。

B) 家庭妇女接触油烟，她们患肺癌的痛苦就会加倍。

C) 妇女在家里吸烟的时间，她们患肺癌的危险就会加倍。

D) 妇女在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长时间，她们患肺癌的风险就会加倍。

【答案】D3． Though technically quite advanced today，the Internet is far from being popular with average household users in some developing countries.A) 尽管互联网技术现在已经很先进，但在一些发展中国家还未受到家庭用户的广泛青睐。

B) 很先进，但在一些发展中国家还远远没有普及到一般家庭。

C) 尽管今天科学技术已经很先进，但在一些发展中国家互联网离大众的生活还是很远。

D) 尽管今天科学技术已经很先进，但在一些发展中国家互联网还没有进人普通家庭。

石油专业英语(东北石油大学秦皇岛分校)

石油专业英语(东北石油大学秦皇岛分校)

1. Sand grains that make up sandstone beds and fragments of carbonate materials that make up limestone beds usually never fit together perfectly even though overburden rock pressure on these beds may be quite great形成砂岩层的砂粒和形成灰岩层的碳酸盐片状物质，即使作用到这些岩层上的上覆岩层压力很大的情况下，通常也绝不会完全结合在一起2.One method of classifying reservoir rocks ,therefore ,is based on whether pore spaces in which the oil and gas is found originated when the formation was laid down or whether they were formed through subsequent earth stresses or ground water action因此，给储集层分类的一种方法就以含油气的孔隙是起源于地层被沉积时还是通过后来地应力或地下水的作用而形成为基础的3.The rock is more or less permeable depending upon whether the rock will let fluid pass through it with greater or less ease岩石的渗透性是好还是差，取决于流体从中通过的难易程度4.A sandstone having 1 darcy of permeability is defined as one that 1 cubic centimeter of fluid of 1centipoise viscosity would flow each second through a portion of the sand 1centimeter in length and having 1 square centimeter of area through which to move if the pressure drop across the sand is 14.7 pounds per square inch渗透率为1达西的砂岩被定义为如下的一种：如果砂岩上的压降为14.7磅/平方英寸，粘度为1厘泊的1立方厘米的流体每秒钟内会流经长度为1厘米，流动面积为1平方厘米的一段砂岩5.Diamonds used in oilfield bits are of natural origin and range from as small as 15 stones per carat to seven carats per stone in special applications石油钻头所用的金刚石源于天然，其尺寸范围从小至每克拉含15粒到特殊情况下使用的每粒重7克拉6.Not to be overlooked are indirect savings accumulated by eliminating rig wear and tear caused by extra round trips to change roller bits因更换牙轮钻头而增加起下钻次数所造成的钻机损耗消除了，这些间接节省的费用累计起来是不可忽略的7.In some areas the size of the diamond drill bit used is 1/32 to 1/16 less in diameter than the nominal size of the roller bit and the undersized diamond may be used in the same hole when it is understood that the usual manufacturing tolerance on roller bit is plus and on diamond bits is minus在一些地区的金刚石钻头的尺寸用在1/32到1/16英寸的直径，比标准尺寸的钻头和金刚石的可能被用在同一个井口，通常是有制造公差，牙轮钻头是正的，金刚石钻头是负的8.Spudding in usually begins in a medium or deep well with drilling a large diameter but shallow hole called the conductor hole在中深井或深井，开钻以钻一个较浅的大直径导管井眼为标志9.Once the filter cake has formed ,the sides of the well are stabilized and subsurface fluids can not enter the well一旦形成泥饼就会稳定住井壁，地下流体无法进入井眼10.The rotary system of drilling requires the circulation of a drilling fluid in order to remove the drilled cuttings from the bottom of the hole and thus keep the bit and the bottom of the hole clean 旋转钻井系统要求循环钻井液以将井底岩屑运出井眼，保持钻头和井底清洁1.While shales are usually more easily drilled than other geological formations ,they are less stable when exposed in the bore hole页岩比其他岩性地层可钻性好，但一旦被钻开，页岩地层也不稳定binations of two fluid streams ,each with separate pumps or compressors , are used in some drilling operations有些钻井施工中还使用分别用泵货压缩机驱动合成的两相流体3.If hole angle or the distance the bottom of the hole is away from the surface location becomes too great ,changes are made in drilling equipment or conditions to bring the hole back to the desired path如果井斜和井底移位变得太大，就需要对钻井工具及钻井条件进行调整，以使得井眼回到预定的轨迹4.Most offshore wells , the largest application of directional drilling , are of high enough productive capacity that equipment such as rod pumps is not needed大多数海上钻的井具备较高的产油能力，不需要采用像杆式泵这样的设备5.Almost any situation in which it is impossible or impractical to place the drilling rig directly above the desired location of the bottom of the well is a potential application for directional drilling几乎对于不可能或不现实的直接把钻机安置与所期望的井底正上方位置的任何情形都是定向钻井的潜在应用6.Intermediate casing is cemented in order to seal off abnormal pressure formations effectively ,isolate incompetent formations which would cause excessive sloughing unless supported by casing and cement , and shut off zones of lost circulation in order to allow drilling to further技套固井是为了有效封隔异常压力地层，隔绝严重的易塌地层和封隔易漏失层，以便下一钻井顺利进行7.The basic objective in cementing casing is the placing of an uncontaminated cement slurry at the proper position in the annular space between the casing and the hole in such a manner that an effective , impermeable seal is obtained between the formation and casing固井的基本目标是把没污染的水泥浆设法替至套管和井眼环空间合适的位置，使地层和套管间形成一个有效的不渗透的密封8.Gas ,because it often enters the hole in large volumes and because it is compressible ,can be one of the most difficult flows to handle由于气体往往以很大的量进入井眼中，并且可以压缩，是最难对付的井涌之一9.If the gas is allowed to move to the surface through the drilling mud , it will expand in volume as it moves up the hole because the pressure exerted by the mud decreases as the depth decreases 如果让气体在泥浆中沿井眼上升，其体积将逐渐增大，这是由于深度减小，施加在气体上的液柱压力减小10.Flows of salt water and oil into the well bore can be difficult to control , but a flow of gas is one of the most critical well control situations盐水和油侵入井眼难控制，但是侵入的是气体就更难办了11. Like most fishermen , curiosity and ingenuity led to the development of new baits像多数渔民一样，好奇和独创发展出了新的鱼饵12. On modern drilling rigs , fishing has become the art and science of removing broken or stuckequipment or small , non drillable materials from the well core现代钻井中，打捞是一种艺术，是一门科学，它是将井眼中断裂或卡住的设备，或不可钻掉的小落物捞出的技术13. There are many different methods to use with the various types of fishing jobs对付各种各样的打捞有很多方法14. The conductor pipe prevents the hole from caving in at the surface and endangering the drilling rig foundation导管防止地面地层塌入井中，危及钻机基础15. Intermediate casing may be needed if troublesome zones are encountered below the surface casing and above the final depth of the well技术套管是为了封住表层套管和完钻深度之间的问题多发井段16. Liners are really just like casing that is , they serve the same purpose ,but they do not extend all the way to the surface尾管实际上就像套管，作用相同，但并不伸到地面1.岩石内的空隙为其提供了吸收和保存流体的特有能力Pore space , or porosity , in rock gives the rock its characteristic ability to absorb and hold fluids 2.如果溶解作用大于沉积作用，晶粒间就会形成空隙If solution is greater than deposition in any zone ,porosity will be developed between the crystal grains3.当考虑岩石的渗透率时，我们一定会马上想到使流体流经岩石的力When considering the permeability of rock , we immediately must think in terms of the force which makes fluid flow through the rock4.金刚石钻头通常由金刚石，胎体和接头三部分组成A diamond bit is usually composed of three parts : diamonds , matrix and shank5.金刚石的低抗拉强度降低了其承受冲击载荷的能力The low tensile strength of the diamond reduces its ability to withstand impact loads6.使金刚石钻头的原因是为了降低成本，更安全的钻进The reason for using diamond bits is to drill less expensive and safer wells7.如果井很浅，整套设备装在一辆卡车或拖车上，就是车装钻机或叫轻便式钻机If the well is very shallow , the entire equipment comes on the back of a truck or a trailer . This is a truck mounted or portable rig8. 钻进30英尺后，必须提起方钻杆，在它下面在接一个单根After drilling 30 feet , the kelly must be raised and another joint of pipe added below the kelly 9. 振动筛用来把钻屑从钻井泥浆中分离出来The shale shaker is designed to separate the cuttings from the drilling mud10. 泥浆有润滑钻柱和井壁的作用The mud usually offers some degree of lubrication between the drill pipe and the wall of the hole 11. 泥浆的基本功能之一是维持住以钻井眼One of the primary functions of a drilling mud is the maintenance and preservation of the hole already drilled1. 冷却和保持钻头的清洁的流体叫泥浆Cleaning and cooling the drill bit fluid is drill mud2. 固井是钻井和完井施工中的关键环节之一Cementing is one of the most critical operations performed during the drilling and completion ofa well3. 油管柱的近地面部分装有安全阀Another device frequently installed in the tubing string near the surface is a subsurface safety valve4. 完井管柱包括: 导管，表层套管，技术套管，油层套管，油管等Well completion string of conductor pipe , surface casing , intermediate casing , production casing and tubing5.落鱼就是掉在井里的设备零部件The fish in the well equipment spare parts6. 打捞矛可以抓住管子的内壁The inner wall of spear can catch the tube7. 他知道怎样使用这个打捞工具吗He knows how to use this fishing tool8.侵入井眼中的流体包括油，水和气体Fluid invading well bore including oil , water and gas9.井涌很难控制，尤其是气侵Well kick is difficult to control ,especially the gas invasion10. 泥浆池液面升高意味着井涌The pit level rise means well kick11.在固技术套管时，常常必须得知道水泥在环空中的返高位置Intermediate casing , often must know cement in high position return annulus12. 要想保证有较好的固井质量，必须有准确的固井设计，无误的现场施工In order to ensure cementing quality good , there must be a cementing design accurate , site construction and correct13. 如果操作不当，在钻井过程中很容易发生井斜If the improper operation , it is easy to occur during drilling deviation14. 钻救援井是控制井喷的有效措施Drilling the relief well is an effective measure to control the well blowoutBOP 防喷器blowout preventer WOC 侯凝waiting on cementC.C. 立方厘米cubic centimeter OD 外径outside diameterLR 长半径long radius BHA 底部钻具组合bottom hole assembly MR 中半径medium radius ROP 机械钻速rate of penetrationSR 短半径short radius MWD 随钻测量measurement while drillingID 内经inside diameter PDM 容积式马达positive displacement motor KOP 造斜点kick off point HWDP 加重钻杆heavy weight drill pipe。

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1.力：force
2.力矩：moment
3.载荷：load
4.应力：stress
5.应变：strain
6.回转壳体：a shell of revolution
7.曲率半径：radius of curvature
8.正应力：normal stress
9.薄膜应力：membrane stress
10.圆筒壳：cylindrical shell
11.半球形封头：hemispherical head
12.法兰：flange
13.韧性：ductility
14.脆性：brittleness
15.有色金属：non-ferrous metal
16.合金:alloy
17.点腐蚀：pitting corrosion
18.热传导：heat conduction
19.热对流：heat convection
20.热交换：heat exchange
21.蒸馏：distillation
22.液液萃取：liquid-liquid extraction
23.蒸发：evaporation
24.设计标准：design code
25.单层容器：monoblock vessel
26.盲板：blind flanges
27.设计说明书：design specification
28.干馏：dry distillation
29.分馏：fractionation
30.间歇操作：batch operation
31.气蚀：cavitation
32.表压：gage pressure
33.不连续应力：discontinuity strain
34.安全系数：factor of safety
35.组合体，装配体：assembly
36.脆性断裂：brittle fracture
37.峰值应力：peak stress
38.比热：specific heat
39.粘度：viscosity
40.板式塔：tray tower
41.填料塔：packed tower
42.液体分配器：liquid distributor
43.螺旋形换热器：spiral heat exchanger
44.折流板：baffle 45.压力降：pressure drop
46.分隔器，定距环：spacer
47.管板：tube sheet
48.搅拌釜：stirred tanks
49.间歇操作：batch operation
50.流化床：fluidized bed reactor
51.催化剂颗粒：catalyst particle
52.容积泵：positive-displacement pump
53.离心泵：centrifugal pump
54.往复泵：reciprocation pump
55.吸入线：suction line
56.轴流泵：axial-flow pump
57.灌注：prime 灌泵：prime pump
58.叶片：blade
59.叶轮：impeller
60.导叶：guide vane
61.涡壳：volute
62.多级：multistage
63.单作用：single acting 单作用泵：single
acting pump
64.泄放线：discharge line
65.压缩机：compressor
66.余隙容积：clearance volume
67.过滤：filtration
68.水力学：hydrodynamic
69.安全阀：safety valve
70.滑阀：slide valve
71.球阀：ball valve
72.截止阀：check valve
73.机械端面密封：mechanical end face seal
74.副密封面：counterseal face
75.润滑薄膜：lubricant membrane
76.控制循环，控制回路：control loop
77.变送器：transmitter
78.偏差：deviation
79.变量：variable
80.反馈控制：feedback control
81.增益：gain。

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