专题8 动词的时态、语态 2
中考英语专题 --八种常见动词时态讲解(共49张PPT)

二、一般过去时
1.一般过去时的结构:
主语+动词过去式+其它
I did my homework yesterday.
(did就是do的过去式) 否定构成:didn’t+动原 一般疑问构成及简答举例:Did+主语+动原+其它? 特殊疑问句举例:What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning?
火车明天上午六点开。
6)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间状语 从句或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在 时来表示将来。 例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他 回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。
I do my homework every day.
1.改为一般疑问句并回答。 Do you do your homework every day? Yes, I do./No, I don't. 2.改为否定句。 I don't do my homework every day.
Jim does his homework every day. 1.改为一般疑问句并回答。 Does Jim do his homework every day? Yes, he does./No, he doesn't. 2.改为否定句。 Jim doesn't do his homework every day.
人教版中考语法专题突破课件专题8动词

现在进行时态
助动词
功能
例句
do
构成疑问句、 Do you come from Japan?你 否定句 来自日本吗?
加强语气
Do be careful! 小心点!
助动词
功能
例句 He could dance as well as
do
代替主要动词 he did before.他舞跳得和
从前一样好。
构成否定祈使 Don’t smoke here!不要在
表示状态变化 表示主语从一种状态
的系动词
变换到另一种状态
grow, turn
特别提醒: ①一般情况下,系动词没有被动语态形式。 ②表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时 (feel 除
外);变化系动词表示“渐渐„„”,可用于进行
时。如:It’s getting warmer and warmer.天气渐 渐变得暖和。
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我将与简在 车站见面,请她 到的时间。count数数;
choose 选择; check 核对; catch 赶上。将选项分
别带入语境进行分析,故选C。
3. Her uncle telephoned and asked her if she had _____the birthday gift from him. A. invented C. received B. raised D. ordered
背诵记忆。具体如下:
◆不同动词+同一介词 (2014年考查2次,2013年30
题,2012年27题,2010年30题)
on短语
try on试穿 turn on打开 take away 拿走 move away 移动 pick up 捡起 turn up出现
语法专题八 情态动词

语法专题突破
语法专题八
核心考点
情态动词
对应演练
-7考点八 考点九
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点二
shall
1.用于第二、 三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、 许诺、 警告、 强制、 威胁、 决心等;此外,颁布法律、规定时也用 shall。 You shall do as your father says. 你要按照你父亲说的那样做。 (2012· 辽宁)One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我们规定中的其中一项是:每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。 2.用于第一、 三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方 指示。 Shall the man standing outside have a try? 站在门外的那个人可以试试吗?
语法专题突破
语法专题八
核心考点
情态动词
对应演练
-9考点八 考点九
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
2.表示“ 非要,偏要” 做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪。 (2014· 北京海淀期末练习)—Can I smoke here? —No.Go to the smoking section,if you must. ——我能在这里抽烟吗? ——不能,如果你非要抽烟的话,就去吸烟区吧。 Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping? 别人都在睡觉,为什么你偏要这么大声说话?
初中英语语法专项8动词的时态和语态

【中考考点】
(1)动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成。 (2)动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。 (3)动词的被动语态的基本结构及用法。 (4)动词的主动形式表示被动意义的用法。
动词的时态
考点一 一般现在时
1.结构 一般现在时主要用动词原形表示(当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)。 2.动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则 (1)直接加-s。如:work—works (2)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es。如:carry—carries, cry—cries, try—tries, study—studies (3)以s, x, o, ch, sh结尾的词加-es。如: pass—passes, fix—fixes, go—goes, do—does, teach—teaches, wash—washes (4)特殊:have—has, are—is
动词的时态
考点四 过去将来时
1.结构 would+动词原形 was/were+going to+动词原形 2.用法 表示从过去的某一时刻看,将要发生的动作。 His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔说第二年会有一个 好收成。 【注意】 在由if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句用过去将来时,那么if从句需用一般过去时代替过 去将来时。 If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿,他就会向我们展示该如何做。
动词的时态
4.动词过去式的变化规则 (1)一般情况下,在动词原形后加-ed。如: watch—watched (2)以不发音的字母e结尾的加-d。如:live—lived (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed。如: study—studied, carry—carried, cry—cried (4)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。如: stop—stopped, plan—planned, prefer—preferred (5)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。
高考英语必考语法精讲精练专题八:动词的时态和语态 Word版含解析

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题八:动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。
时态(tense)是一种动词形式,同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态,英语中有16种时态。
《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项:(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时;此外还列了被动语态,并将其作为单独一项。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题(语法填空)考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived;第71题(短文改错)考查了think变为过去时thought;第75题(短文改错)考查了被动语态,删掉been;第79题(短文改错)考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题(语法填空)考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed;第74题(短文改错)考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have;77题(短文改错)考查了将using变为被动used。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题(语法填空)考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed;第74题(短文改错)考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。
各种时态构成表:(以do为例)一、一般现在时:动词原形或第三人称单数1.构成:使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
(1)直接加“s”:work→works,take→takes(2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”:carry→car ries(3)以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”:go→goes,dress→dresses,watch→watches,finish→finishes2.功能:(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作。
例如:①I have a dream.②She loves music.③Mary's parents get up very early.(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,every week,occasionally,frequently,seldom 等时间副词连用。
2020年人教版初中英语基础语法 (八升九) 暑假专题突破与巩固 学案(八):动词的时态和语态篇

人教版初中英语基础语法暑假专题突破与巩固学案(八)基础语法专题:动词的时态和语态篇第一部分:定义概念清晰化动词的时态: 指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的各种动词形式。
英语中一共有16种时态,但在初中阶段常考的时态有以下8种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时。
考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法、终止性动词在现在完成时中不能与for,since短语或从句连用、have been to与have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等。
动词的语态: 指的是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。
英语中的动词语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者,被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一,其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。
第二部分:知识归类知识网络化We’ll have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下个星期日天气晴朗,我们将去野餐。
I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就给你打电话。
2.某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语)。
这类动词有:begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, end, stop, open, close等。
如:The meeting begins at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow.这个会议明天下午2点开始。
The next train leaves at 7 o’clock this evening.下一列火车将在今晚7点离开。
专题08 动词和动词短语中考英语真题分项汇编 (原卷版)

专题08 动词和动词短语考点1 动词词义辨析1.(2022·山东滨州·中考真题)—Don’t be so rude. You should ________ like a gentleman. —Sorry. I will be more polite.A.perform B.behave C.provide D.consider 2.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)We are supposed to ________ some of the world’s animals because they are in great danger.A.hurt B.protect C.catch3.(2022·辽宁营口·中考真题)My parents ________ to buy me a new bike if I pass the final exam.A.promise B.remember C.forget D.expect 4.(2022·江苏常州·中考真题)If you want to keep healthy, going to bed early and getting up early is highly ________.A.recommended B.challenged C.translated D.influenced 5.(2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题)— How can we go to the station?— I ________ going in my car.A.practise B.suggest C.invite D.introduce 6.(2022·广西贵港·中考真题)—The air pollution in our city is becoming worse and worse.—That’s right. But the government is trying to ________ this problem.A.solve B.plan C.answer D.discover 7.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)People usually ________ in the kitchen.A.sleep B.chat C.cook D.study 8.(2022·山东菏泽·中考真题)—A new high-speed railway began to ________ service at Hezedong Railway Station on December 26, 2021.—Wonderful. It is very convenient for us to travel.A.offer B.enjoy C.organize9.(2022·江苏无锡·中考真题)—Does the colour red represent good things in Chinese culture? —Yes. But writing one’s name in red is not good, and we usually ________ it.A.avoid B.advise C.allow D.accept 10.(2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题)—Dinner is ready. Help yourself, please!—Wow! It _________ delicious.A.tastes B.sounds C.turns D.gets 11.(2022·福建·中考真题)—May I ________ your pen? I can’t find mine.—Sure. Here you are.A.repair B.make C.borrow12.(2022·湖北荆州·中考真题)—Why are you taking a basket with you for shopping?—The store doesn’t ________ shopping bags for shoppers to protect the environment.A.lend B.count C.provide D.collect 13.(2022·海南·中考真题)—How do you like this cup of Xinglong Coffee?—It ________ really great. I’d like another cup.A.looks B.feels C.tastes14.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)—Dad, how about planting some trees in our yard?—Good idea! Trees can ________ the water from washing the earth away.A.accept B.prevent C.discover D.choose 15.(2022·江苏泰州·中考真题)Schools should ________ students to form good working habits through labor(劳动) education.A.force B.encourage C.warn D.promise 16.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)Our teacher ________ us to read more books every day to enrich our knowledge.A.encourages B.hopes C.prevents 17.(2022·广西·中考真题)— Hmm, something ________ so good. What is it?— Hand-made cake. Come and try some.A.tastes B.sounds C.smells18.(2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题)—Now we can “plant trees” at the bottom of the sea.—It’s a new way to __________ the sea.A.paint B.protect C.create D.describe 19.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)These animals are in great danger. We must ________ them. A.sell B.show C.stop D.save 20.(2022·广西梧州·中考真题)—Is everything ready for the party?—Oh! I forgot to ________ some delicious apple pies made by my mum.A.bring B.buy C.give D.order 21.(2022·广西·中考真题)—Miss Yao, may I ________ your computer to search for information?—Of course.A.use B.count C.draw22.(2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题)The soup ________ a little salty, there is no need to add moresalt.A.looks B.smells C.sounds D.tastes 23.(2022·江苏无锡·中考真题)—Dad, what’s for dinner? It ________ nice!—I’m cooking chicken soup.A.tastes B.smells C.looks D.feels 考点2 动词短语辨析24.(2022·湖南株洲·中考真题)Though Tu Youyou failed many times, she never ________ her efforts to find the drug for malaria(疟疾).A.gave out B.gave up C.gave away 25.(2022·湖南湘西·中考真题)Please remember to ________ the lights before you leave the classroom.A.turn on B.turn to C.turn off 26.(2022·辽宁沈阳·中考真题)Young people can understand how to ________ others by keeping pets.A.depend on B.agree with C.look after D.fall behind 27.(2022·广西玉林·中考真题)—What are you going to do this weekend?—I’m planning to ________ my old books and give them away to the children in poor area. A.bring out B.clear out C.try out D.hang out 28.(2022·广西梧州·中考真题)—I don’t know the meaning of “fetch”.—Let’s ________ the word in the dictionary.A.look around B.look upC.look at D.look after29.(2022·山东滨州·中考真题)—Sam, let’s ________ these old things. I don’t need them anymore.—No. We can try to put them to good use.A.fix up B.hand out C.throw away D.pull down 30.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)—Mom, I’m leaving for summer camp.—Dear, ________ yourself. Have a good time.A.look after B.look for C.look up 31.(2022·广西河池·中考真题)—Annie, I want to make some soup. Could you ________ the tomatoes now?—Sure, I’m coming.A.cut off B.cut up C.cut down D.cut out 32.(2022·广西河池·中考真题)When I meet my friends, I always try my best to be on time. A.set out B.turn down C.make a plan D.make an effort 33.(2022·辽宁营口·中考真题)—I don’t know how to ________ the old clothes.—You can give them away to the charity.A.sell out B.take away C.give back D.deal with 34.(2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)—What are you going to do this weekend?—I am going to visit the sick kids in the hospital and _________ them _________ as a volunteer. A.wake; up B.cheer; up C.give; up D.pick; up 35.(2022·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Have you ever ________ the program of WWF?—Yes, I have. I am one of the local wild aid members.A.taken care of B.got used to C.taken part in 36.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—Many of us ________ our parents too much.—Yes. We’d better learn to look afer ourselves.A.depend on B.put on C.get on37.(2022·广西贵港·中考真题)— Julie, why did you ________ the job?— Because I found a better one.A.turn up B.turn down C.look for D.look through 38.(2022·广西贵港·中考真题)— What are they doing?— They are discussing what to ________ to the school in the village.A.give away B.throw away C.clean up D.cut up 39.(2022·湖北荆州·中考真题)—The old man ________ all his money to the children in poor areas.—How kind he is!A.helped out B.gave away C.sold out D.kept away 40.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)I have the habit of ________ the unknown words in the dictionary or on the Internet.A.looking up B.looking for C.looking at D.looking after 41.(2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题)Please ________ the tall buildings if the wind blows hard. A.run out of B.catch up with C.get on with D.keep away from 42.(2022·吉林·中考真题)The sign on the wall said “________ the lights as you go out”. A.Turn off B.Take off C.Put off43.(2022·广西·中考真题)— Eric, I found a watch on the playground.— You’d better go to the Lost and Found Office and ________.A.hand it in B.turn it down C.look it up 44.(2022·湖北恩施·中考真题)It’s good to help the people in need to ________ the bus if necessary.A.get up B.get off C.get well 45.(2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题)I’ll go to senior high school soon. I can’t believe how fast the time ________!A.went on B.went off C.went by 46.(2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题)—What a lovely garden!—Yeah, let’s ________ a walk in it.A.call out B.go for C.come across D.give away 47.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)—Mike, please remember to ________ the electricity and water before you leave home.—OK.A.go off B.turn off C.put off48.(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)I’ll go to senior high school soon. I can’t believe how fast the time ________ !A.went by B.went on C.went off 49.(2022·海南·中考真题)—It’s said that the Shenzhou-14 astronauts will say hello to us on Mid-Autumn Day.—Wonderful! I’m ________ it.A.getting along with B.staying away from C.looking forward to 50.(2022·广西贺州·中考真题)We have to ________ the sports meeting because of the bad weather.A.turn off B.put off C.take off D.get off 51.(2022·福建·中考真题)Please ________ the lights when you leave the room. Be a greener person.A.turn off B.turn on C.turn up52.(2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题)—I think it’s a good habit to _________ new words in a dictionary.—Yes, that’s helpful to us.A.look after B.look up C.look at D.look for 53.(2022·江苏泰州·中考真题)The government is ________ elevators(电梯) in the old buildings of some communities so that people, especially the elderly can go up and down easily. A.putting away B.putting out C.putting in D.putting through 54.(2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州中考真题)—Mom, I want to buy some novels.—Before choosing a book, you’d better ________ some pages to know whether it’s easy or hardfor you.A.look through B.look for C.look at55.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)Diana and Lily should ________ the cost carefully for the holiday.A.work out B.take away C.look after D.pick up 56.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)—Maria, don’t forget to ________ the sports shoes. You have a P.E. class today.—Thanks, mom. I won’t.A.get up B.put on C.take off D.cut down 57.(2022·湖南益阳·中考真题)— What are you going to do this afternoon?— My parents are very busy, so I have to ________ my little brother.A.look after B.look like C.look up考点3 情态动词1.(2022·湖南益阳·中考真题)— Is it important to protect wild animals, Susan?— Yes. If we don’t protect them, they ________ die out one day.A.need B.can’t C.may2.(2022·湖南湘西·中考真题)—Sir, you ________ cross the road when the light is red. You know, building a civilized city(创建文明城市)is our duty.—Sorry, I won’t.A.needn’t B.must C.can’t3.(2022·辽宁大连·中考真题)—Wilson, ________ you help me carry the box upstairs?—Sure, no problem.A.could B.need C.should D.might 4.(2022·广西玉林·中考真题)—Hey, whose basketball do you think this is?—It ________ belong to Linda. She likes playing basketball best in our class.A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t 5.(2022·广西梧州·中考真题)—Can I swim in the lake, Mum? It’s so hot.—No, you ________. The sign says “No swimming”.A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.wouldn’t D.shouldn’t 6.(2022·山东滨州·中考真题)—Oh, my God! I’ll nearly lose my heart.—Cheer up. Life ________ be perfect all the time.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 7.(2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题)— ________ I use your iPad?—Sorry, I’m using it now.A.May B.Must C.Should8.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)—Angel, I have moved near People’s Park.—Oh, it ________ be very convenient. You can exercise there any time now.A.must B.might C.could9.(2022·广西河池·中考真题)As we know, sixteen-year-olds ________ drive a car in our country.A.must B.could C.mustn’t D.couldn’t 10.(2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)—I can’t find my dictionary. ________ I use yours?—Sure, here you are.A.Need B.May C.Must D.Should 11.(2022·辽宁营口·中考真题)—Mum, I’ve signed for the box. What’s in it?—I’m not sure. It ________ be a present from your uncle.A.can’t B.must C.may D.need 12.(2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)—Dad, must I become a doctor like you when I finish university in the future?—No, you________. You can make your own decision and do whatever you like.A.don’t have to B.can’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t 13.(2022·广西·中考真题)— ________ you tell us a story in English?—I think I can do it. Let me try.A.Need B.Can C.Should D.Must 14.(2022·广西柳州·中考真题)—Can you play the guitar, Mark?—Yes, I ________.A.can B.must C.will15.(2022·北京·中考真题)—_________ I take photos here?—Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum.A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Will。
河南英语中考专项复习 专题八 动词与动词短语

专题八动词与动词短语一、考情分析分词、过去式和过去分词。
2、理解及物动词和不及物动词的用法。
3、常见动词词义辨析4、常见动词词组词义辨析二、知识精讲Ⅰ. 动词的种类动词是表示动作、状态或性质等的词。
根据其词义及在句中的作用可分为:行为动词(亦称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。
(一)行为动词表示动作或状态的动词,能单独作谓语。
行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
两者区别如下:1. 不及物动词不能直接接名词作宾语,如果要接名词,要在动词和名词之间加介词。
【例句】The children go to school every day.2. 有一些动词既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。
通过看其后是否直接接名词作宾语来区别。
【例句】He studies very hard. 他学习非常努力。
不及物动词(后没有名词)He studies English very hard. 他非常努力地学习英语。
及物动词(后有名词English)(二)连系动词(常简称为系动词)连系动词不能独立作谓语,要和表语一起构成谓语。
英语中最重要的连系动词是be,此外还有look(看起来),turn(变得),seem(似乎),become(变成),grow(渐渐变得),feel(感到),get(变得),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等。
连系动词中除be和become等少数词可接名词作表语外,一般都接形容词。
【例句】Jack and Jim are friends.杰克和吉姆是朋友。
They are very happy. 他们很高兴。
The flowers look beautiful.这些花看上去很漂亮。
The milk smells fresh.牛奶闻起来很新鲜。
(三)助动词助动词本身无意义,不能单独作谓语,和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态和语气等动词形式。
助动词还可以帮助行为动词构成疑问句或否定句。
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MidAutumn Day usually comes in September or October every year.
中秋节通常都在每年的九月或十月。
考查热点:如果主句为一般将来时,if,unless等引导的条件状语 从句和when,until,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时 表示将来。 What about going climbing if it doesn't rain tomorrow?
I will call you as soon as I get there.
我一到那就给你打电话。 (8)位移词的进行时表将来。
(9)there be结构的一般将来时为there will be/there is going to be。
(10)will/shall, be about to do 与 be going to 的区别。
构成形式:am/is/are或实义动词的原形(主语是第三人称单数时, 动词要用第三人称单数形式)。
与一般现在时连用的时间状语有:always,often,usually, sometimes,once a week,every day等。
动词第三人称单数形式的构成:
①一般动词在词尾直接加s,如lives,works等。 ②以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的,加es,如goes,does, washes, passes等。 ③以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变为i,再加es,如fly—flies, study—studies,worry—worries;以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加s, 如enjoy—enjoys,play—plays。 ④特殊情况:have—has,am/are—is
某地,总之现在还未回来;have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”,后 面跟副词时不用in。
—Where is Mrs Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪?
—She isn't here.She_has_gone to England. 她不在这。她去了英国。 (6)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别: 现在完成时强调过去某一动作与现在的关系,对现在造成的影响、结果等
玛丽昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。(只表明“一直在写”,不清楚“ 是否写完”,也许信还没有写完) (3)常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有两类:一类是表过去的“某点 ”时间,如:at that time,this time,last week,“when he came in”类时间状语从句等;另一类是表过去的“某段”时间,如yesterday morning等。 What were you doing at nine o'clock last Sunday morning?
buy→have,join→be in,leave→be away,begin to study→study等。
(5)have been to,have gone to,have been in 的用法区别: have been to 表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来或已从该地 去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在该地;have gone to则表示“已去了某 地”,说话时不在说话地点,或在去某地的途中,或已到了
,不与表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示
与现在的关系,可与表示过去的时间状语连用。
6.过去进行时 (1)概念:表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。
(2)构成形式:was/were+动词的ing形式
①表示往返、位移的动词的过去进行时常可用来表示过去将来时。 We wanted to tell her that the train was_leaving an hour later. 我们想告诉她火车将在一小时后开。
(5)be going to+v.(动词原形)表示计划、打算做某事,表示已决 定的,很可能发生的事,或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。
Look at the clouds,there is going to be a storm.
看那些云,将会有暴风雨。 (6)下列几种情况只可用shall(will)表将来,而不可用be going to 结构。 ①表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。 Will you please lend me your pen? 请把你的钢笔借我用一下,好吗? ②表示意愿时。
专题8 动词的时态、语态
考点知识精讲
考点训练
知识网络
现在时:谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数 形式 一般 常 过去时:谓语用动词的过去式 见 将来时:will/be going to+动词原形 八 进行时:am/is/are+动词的现在分词 现在完成时:have/has+动词的过去分词 种 动词的时态、 语态 时 态 进行时:were/was+动词的现在分词 过去完成时:had+动词的过去分词 将来时:would或was/were going to +动词原形 动词的语态主动语态 被动语态
④以重读闭音节结尾的单词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,则先双
写这个辅音字母,再加ed。如:stop-stopped,plan-planned, prefer-preferred等。
(4)与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:
ago,yesterday,last week,the day before yesterday, long long ago, once upon a time等。
①一般将来时的基本结构为“will/shall+动词原形”,表示一个 将要发生的动作或状态。 ②be about to do 结构表示客观、马上就要发生的事,一般不与具 体的时间状语连用。 ③be going to 结构表示必然或很可能发生的事情;be to do结构 表示按职责、义务和要求必须去做或即将发生的动作。 4.现在进行时
动词过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况,不规则变化应特别
记忆。规则变化有如下形式: ①一般在动词后直接加ed。如:climbed,worked,asked等。
②以e结尾的动词在后面直接加d。如:lived,described, agreed等。 ③以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y变为i再加ed。如:cry—cried, copy—copied,try—tried等。以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed。如 enjoy—enjoyed,play—played等。
表示状态的动词。如:be等。 表示归属的动词。如:have等。
表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。如:know,think等。
5.现在完成时 (1)概念:①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或 结果。 ②表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。 (2)构成形式:have/has+动词的过去分词。 (3)与现在完成时连用的时间状语有for a long time,recently, yet,lately,ever,never,already,since,by this time,
考点一
动词的时态
1.一般现在时
基本用法:helps others. 他总是帮助别人。 (2)表示现在的情况或状态; He is a teacher. 他是个老师。 (3)表示客观事实和普遍真理。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。
(1)概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、计划或准备 要做的事。
(2)构成形式:“will/shall+动词原形”或“am/is/are going to
+动词原形”。 (3)与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:tomorrow,next week,in+ 一段时间等。 (4)当主语是第一人称I或we时,问句中一般用shall,表示征求对方 的意见。 When shall we finish homework? 我们应该什么时候完成作业?
上周日上午九点钟你在干什么? While John was walking to school,he saw a cat in a tree.
当约翰步行上学时,他看见一只猫在一棵树上。
7.过去完成时 (1)过去完成时表示在过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续 的动作或状态。它表示动作所发生的时间是“过去的过去”,常用“助动 词had+过去分词”构成。 By the time she got up,her brother had already gone into the bathroom. 她起床的时候,她的弟弟就已经进了盥洗室。
(2)过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间参照点不同:过去完 成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的”时间;现在完成时的时间参照点是“
如果明天不下雨,去爬山怎么样?
2.一般过去时
(1)概念:表示过去发生的动作,存在的状态或过去习惯性、经常性 的动作、行为。
(2)构成形式:
①肯定式:be(was,were);行为动词(过去式) ②否定式:was/were+not;行为动词didn't+动词原形 ③疑问式:was/were+主语+其他;行为动词did+主语+动词原形 (3)动词过去式的变化:
(5)一般过去时的用法: ①表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
I bought the book last week.我上周买的这本书。
②表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常与always,usually,often, never,sometimes等连用(过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth.来表 示)。 ③since从句常用一般过去时。 It is ten years since I came here. 自从我来这已经有十年了。 3.一般将来时
We will help him if he asks us. 如果他愿意,我们会帮助他。
③表单纯性的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。