不定式1
不定式1
不定式一不式的构成：“to+动词原形”如: to do, to read，to work, to memorize，to be，to leave，to practice，to dance二不定式短语——不定式及其宾语，状语和表语1 to do homework at home every day2 to work near the factory3 to read English words in the morning4 to dance in the danging hall5 to see the film on Saturday evenin g6 to drink hot tea in the office7 to spend a lot of time in playing computer game every day at home8 to be a good teacher in the future9 to be a top student at school10 to be rich men in many years11 to be a woman scientist in ten years写出下列不定式短语：1在家看电视2在操场打篮球3星期一到星期五去上学4每天喝大量水5夏季在河里游泳6冬季在雪上滑冰7晚上在床上睡觉8每天在家里吃饭9每天花大量时间读英语10在城里找个好工作11每天按时去上班12教室里开个班会13 明年买个新车14将来当个好医生15两年后当个大学生16未来当个科学家17在学校交个好朋友18在家当个好儿女19放学后按时回家20吃饭前洗手22放学后步行回家23下周本校开运动会三不定式的否定式：Not+动词不定式1 Not to take other’s things at school2 Not to eat unhealthy food3 Not to play football on the street4 Not to drink strong tea5 Not to make noise in the classroom6 Not to be late for school7 Not to be late for work8 Not to be teacher in the future写出下列不定式短语:1考试中不看别人试卷2不读不健康的书籍3不在深水里游泳4不犯愚蠢的错误5在学校不抽烟6在课堂上不说脏话7不在校园骑自行车8 不吃发霉的水果9不吃太多快餐食品10开会不迟到11上课不迟到12不对父母生气四不定式的逻辑主语：for sb +不定式1for students to learn English at school2 for me to help my parents at home3 for parents to care about children4 for children not to play football on the street5 for teacher to help students to study English at school every day6 for my grandmother to worry about my health7 for school not to care about students’ life conditions8 for LiMin not to buy new car next year写出下列不定式短语1王平写一份信2李华借钱给别人3 爸爸要去南京4孩子出去玩5老师告诉学生不要在街上玩6家长告诉儿女要尊敬老师7歌唱家在剧院唱歌8运动员在操场打篮球9母亲在家做饭10弟弟在学校学钢琴11妹妹在家做作业12我在床上玩手机13政府提高物价14办公室发出通知15年轻人夏季在河里游泳16孩子冬季在冰上滑冰17我们晚上在家看电视18你来帮我19哥哥在房间洗衣服20学生在实验室学计算机21孩子们喜欢吃快餐食品22老人喜欢在家躺着五疑文词+不定式1 how to learn the computer2 when to get up every day3 where to get so much money4 who to finish the work5 which kind of fruits to want6 what to do next7 how to work out the math problem in short tim e8 how to play the piano9 where to buy this dictionary写出下列不定式短语:1谁来画画2谁去浇花3如何使用电子计算机4什么时候开会5哪里去买这种化学书6要哪一种钢笔7干吗不喝水呢8干吗不休息一下9哪里去找比较好的英语老师10为什么上学迟到11什么地方吃牛肉面12什么时候开运动会13什么时间睡觉14什么时候去爬山15读什么书16喝什么茶？17吃什么菜18找什么样的女朋友19怎么在字典里查单词20怎样吃西餐21如何上网22如何学好英语六不定式的功能：（一）作主语（不定式短语作主语时，不论有多长一律看成一个整体，谓语用单数。
动词不定式用法 (1)
regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事 regret doing sth.后悔作了某事 I regret to say that I can’t go with you. I regret telling him about it.
try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 试一试，试试看 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（表目的） stop doing sth.停止做某事（作宾语）
我们的任务是学习。
Our task is to study hard.
5.动词不定式作宾补
（1）常用结构有： advise sb to do something force sb to do something tell sb to do something…
（2）常跟省to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有： see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel, make, let, have The teacher had us recite the text every day. Was he noticed to leave the room? 注：help后可跟省to或带to的不定式作宾补。
我正要出去，电话铃响了。 I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
3.This being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched. 天气很好，我们决定出去野餐。
It being fine, we have made up our minds to go for a picnic.
德语什么是不定式？
什么是不定式？不定式是没有人称和数的变化的动词原形。
1) 不定式有三种：纯不定式(不带zu)，多直接接在情态动词后面，如：Wir wollen lernen.带zu的不定式，如：Wir beginnen zu lernen.扩展的不定式，如：Wir gehen in die Stadt, um zu lernen.2) 带zu的不定式的构成：主动语态zu arbeiten (第一不定式)zu kommen (第一不定式)zu oeffnen (第一不定式)wiederzusehen (第一不定式) (可分动词，zu要放在前缀和动词中间)gearbeitet zu haben (第二不定式，有完成涵义)gekommen zu sein (第二不定式，有完成涵义)geoeffnet zu haben (第二不定式，有完成涵义)被动语态(只适于及物动词)geoeffnet zu werden (第一不定式，过程被动)geoeffnet zu sein (第一不定式，状态被动)geoeffnet worden zu sein (第一不定式，过程被动，有完成涵义)geoeffnet gewesen zu sein (第一不定式，状态被动，有完成涵义)注意：不定式中若有情态动词，则zu在情态动词前面：Er wartet darauf, die Pruefung bald machen zu koennen.2) 不定式的与句子谓语的相对时态：同时Ich sehe die Kinder spielen.= Die Kinder spielen. Ich sehe es dabei.我看孩子们玩儿。
= 孩子们在玩儿，我在这儿看着。
后时Wir hoffen, Sie wiederzusehen.= Wir werden Sie wiedersehen. Darauf hoffen wir.我们希望再见到您。
= 我们将再见到您，为此，我们期待。
第一讲 动词不定式
第一讲动词不定式重难点：动词不定式的句法功能以及动词不定式的各种常见的考点。
概念理解：动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成。
有些动词后接不带to的动词不定式，如let\make\have等。
动词不定式可以有自己的宾语，也可和时态相结合。
一、不定式的句法功能1、不定式作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy.不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到谓语之后It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.2、不定式作作动词宾语下列动词常接不定式作宾语，如：agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise,They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。
如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。
下列动词常用it作形式宾语，如：believe, consider, feel, find, know, makeI know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day.3、不定式作表语不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容The first step is to check the victim’s breathing.4、不定式作补语I’d like the problem to be discussed at the next meeting.5、不定式作定语The students have a lot of homework to do every day.6、不定式作状语不定式可以作原因状语、结果状语、目的状语以及方式状语不定式在下列句式中作目的状语：so as to do, in order to doIn order to ensure your hair looks its best, pay attention to what you eat.二、不定式考点归纳考点1不定式的时态和语态：---Is Bob still performing?---I’m afraid not. He is said ____the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have leftB. to leaveC. to have been leftD. to be leftThe news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told考点2不定式的功能：不定式具有名词的特征，可以作主语或宾语，具有形容词的特征，可以作表语、定语或补足语；具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语。
不定式的用法总结
My brother asked me to clean the room
with him.
常带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command,
• You must remember to lock the door when you leave
• • • • • • • • • •
2. remember doing sth 记得曾做过某事 I remember locking the front door 3. forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 He forgot to do his homework yesterday 4. forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事 I forgot saying this thing to you 5. try to do sth 努力做某事 He tries to answer each question 6. try doing sth 试着做某事 I tried singing an English song
doing指经常性动作，而 to do指一次性的动作。 I like swimming，but I don‘t like to swim now． 我喜欢游泳, 但我现在不想游。 begin\start to do sth begin\start doing sth
提示板：
• 后面只接动名词做宾的动词
巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀：
•
• • • • • • •
想要拒绝莫忘记 （want, refuse, forget） 需要努力就学习 （need, try, learn） 喜欢帮助加同意 （like help agree ） 希望决定后开始 （hope, decide, begin, start）
不定式1
11. Napoleon spoke so loudly as to ___ in front of his soldiers. A. hear B. be heard C. listen D. be listened to 12. Television and radio _____ to know what is going on all over the world. A. made it possible of us B. have made us possible C. have made it possible for us D. have made it be possible for us
6. Nothing can make the brave soldier ____ his country. A. turn against B. to turn against C. to turn to D. turn to 7. In the old days it was difficult for the poor a job. A. find B. to find C. look D. to look for
Write sentences.
e.g: it / good / read / that /. It is good to read that. 1. it / nice / see / her /. It is nice to see her. 2. it / bad / say / that /. It is bad to say that.
7.和某些形容词连用be sure/happy/ready/sorry/afraid/glad/excited /surprised to do sth. He is very happy to see his wife. I’m sorry to trouble you. 8.和疑问词who,what,when,where,which,how 构成不定式短语做宾语。 I don’t know how to use a computer. Can you tell me when to start?
动词不定式6种用法
动词不定式6种用法
动词不定式6种用法：
1、不定式的一般式：动词不定式一般式即to+动词原形。
所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，不定时一般式与句子主语、宾语或for sb to do sth。
结构中的介词宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
2、不定式的完成式：即to have+过去分词。
动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语或宾语。
3、不定式的进行式：to be+现在分词。
动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
4、不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成。
5、不定式的被动式：当不定时的被动式逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，用不定时的被动形式，即to be done或to have been done。
6、to代替整个不定式：如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，句子后边的不定式应省略动词原形及其后续部分，只保留不定式的符号to。
动词不定式1与双宾语
动词不定式1与双宾语动词不定式当我们要表达“想要做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时我们用want to do sth., need to do sth.和decide to do sth.等表达方式。
行为动词后面的动词都采用了”to+动词原形”的结构，这种结构称为不定式（有时可以不带to）。
动词不定式既有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。
它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。
一、不定式结构1. 带to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。
如：I want to go to the movies with you.我想跟你一起去看电影。
Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
注意：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。
Dave told me not to wake up Kate.大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。
2. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式：①在固定词组had better之后。
注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。
It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out.外面很冷，你最好不要出去。
②在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
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Book 7 unit 1 Living well The Fourth and Fifth Periods Grammar：动词不定式I. 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成(在某些情况下to也可省略)。
它可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。
不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语,即for/of sb. to do sth.1. 不定式作主语To finish this report took him a week. To see is to believe.2. 不定式作表语My job is to help the poor person. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.3. 不定式作宾语He pretended to have read the book when I asked him about it.I decided to ask for my money back.4. 不定式作宾补I would like you to help me with my English exercises.1) 带to的不定式作宾补。
很多动词如: allow, order, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等后面作宾补的不定式都带to。
如: He didn’t allow us to smoke in his house.2) 有些动词须用不带to的不定式作宾补。
使役动词make, have, let;感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带to。
如: He made a face and made everybody laugh.注意:如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时第2类动词(let, have无被动语态)后原来不带to的不定式要加to。
如: H e was seen to go upstairs. They were made to work 13 hours a day.5.不定式作定语Do you have anything to say on the question?注意: 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
如；He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about.6. 不定式作状语I stayed there to see what would happen.We were very excited to hear the news.7. 疑问词+动词不定式：不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。
如：On hearing the news, he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.When to hold the meeting has not decided.The most important problem is how to get so much money.介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。
如：Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.I have no idea of how to do it.II1) 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
如：They invited us to go there this summer. He stood aside for me to pass.2) 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。
如：She seemed to have heard about this matter. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do.It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.3) 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。
如：It’s nice of you to be helping us these days. He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.4) 如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。
如：They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years.We are happy to have been helping each other these days.5)动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。
如：Try not to be late again next time. He wished us never to meet her again.对应练习：一. Identify its function（说明下列不定式的用法）.1. It is good to help others.2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.6. A big company has decided to buy it from me.7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life.9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.二.选择填空：1. I've heard him ______ about you often.A. speakB. speaksC. spokeD. speaking2. I went to see him, _______ him out.A. findingB. findC. only to findD. to finding3. He didn't know _______ or stay.A. to leaveB. if that he should leaveC. if to leaveD. whether to leave4. ---Will the Smiths go abroad this summer?---No, they finally decided _______ .A. toB. not goingC. not toD. not to be going5. ---I usually go there by train. ---Why not _______ by boat for a change.A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going6. He pretended _______ nothing about it.A. knowB. to knowC. knowingD. knew7. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking8. They would not allow him _______ across the enemy line.A. to risk goingB. risking to goingC. for risk to goD. risk going9. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind _____ to buy.A. whatB. whichC. howD. where10. Charles Babbage is generally considered _______ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented11. The missing boys were last seen _______ near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play12. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating13. I regret _______ you that we are unable to offer you employment.A. informingB. having informedC. to informD. to informing14. You had better get a doctor _______ your bad tooth.A. pull outB. to pull outC. pulled outD. pulling out15. The matter had better _______ as it is.A. leaveB. being leftC. leavingD. be left16. He was so foolish _______ his car unlocked.A. to leaveB. that leaveC. as to leaveD. for him to leave17. Almost everyone fails _______ the driving test on the first try.A. passingB. to have passedC. to passD. in passing18.The girl was made _______ she didn't love at all.A. marry a manB. to marry a manC. to marry with a manD. married with a man19. The man will use what he has _______ a camera for his wife.A. to getB. gotC. buy D bought20. .To answer correctly is more important than _______ .A. a quick finishB. to finish quicklyC. finishing quicklyD. you finish quick21. Tom kept quiet about the accident _______ lose his job.A. so as not toB. so not as toC. so as to notD. not so as to22. I felt it an honor _______ to speak here.A. to askB. askingC. to be askedD. having asked23. ---I'd like to buy an expensive camera. ---Well, we have several models _______ .A. to choose fromB. to chooseC. to be chosenD. for choice24. _______ to the left and you'll see the post office.A. To turnB. TurningC. TurnedD. Turn25. Will you be able to attend the lecture _______ next week?A. givingB. givenC. to be givenD. being given补充资料：1. 能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：want（想要）, like（喜欢）, wish（希望）, hate （憎恨，讨厌）, prefer（宁愿）, hope（希望）, fail（失败）, plan（计划）, refuse（拒绝）, ask（要求）,continue（继续），manage（设法）, try（尽力）, offer（提供）, start （开始）, begin（开始）, forget（忘记）, remember（记得）, promise（答应）, mean （打算）, pretend（假装）, intend（想，打算）, attempt（尝试，企图）, decide（决定）, learn（学会）, desire（渴望，请求）, agree（同意）, care（关心，喜欢）, choose （选择）, determine（下决心）, expect（期望）, afford（负担得起，买得起）等。