【全国百强校】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2017届高考模拟试卷(二)理综生物试题
2017年高考理综(全国卷)生物部分及答案word版
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试生物部分及答案注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效.。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题：每小题6分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．细胞间信息交流的方式有多种.在哺乳动物卵巢细胞分泌的雌激素作用于乳腺细胞的过程中，以及精子进入卵细胞的过程中,细胞间信息交流的实现分别依赖于A．血液运输，突触传递B．淋巴运输,突触传递C．淋巴运输，胞间连丝传递D．血液运输，细胞间直接接触2．下列关于细胞结构与成分的叙述，错误的是A．细胞膜的完整性可用台盼蓝染色法进行检测B．检测氨基酸的含量可用双缩脲试剂进行显色C．若要观察处于细胞分裂中期的染色体可用醋酸洋红液染色D．斐林试剂是含有Cu2+的碱性溶液，可被葡萄糖还原成砖红色3．通常，叶片中叶绿素含量下降可作为其衰老的检测指标.为研究激素对叶片衰老的影响,将某植物离体叶片分组，并分别置于蒸馏水、细胞分裂素（CTK）、脱落酸(ABA)、CTK+ABA溶液中，再将各组置于光下.一段时间内叶片中叶绿素含量变化趋势如图所示，据图判断，下列叙述错误的是A．细胞分裂素能延缓该植物离体叶片的衰老B．本实验中CTK对该植物离体叶片的作用可被ABA削弱C．可推测ABA组叶绿体中NADPH合成速率大于CTK组D．可推测施用ABA能加速秋天银杏树的叶由绿变黄的过程4．某同学将一定量的某种动物的提取液（A）注射到实验小鼠体内,注射后若干天,未见小鼠出现明显的异常表现。
将小鼠分成两组，一组注射少量的A,小鼠很快发生了呼吸困难等症状；另一组注射生理盐水,未见小鼠有异常表现。
对实验小鼠在第二次注射A后的表现，下列解释合理的是A．提取液中含有胰岛素，导致小鼠血糖浓度降低B．提取液中含有乙酰胆碱,使小鼠骨骼肌活动减弱C．提取液中含有过敏原,引起小鼠发生了过敏反应D．提取液中含有呼吸抑制剂，可快速作用于小鼠呼吸系统5．假设某草原上散养的某种家畜种群呈S型增长,该种群的增长率随种群数量的变化趋势如图所示。
2024届湖南省雅礼中学高三下学期模拟试卷(二)生物
雅礼中学2024届模拟试卷（二）生物学一、单项选择题（本题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
）1．HSP是机体细胞受高温等刺激后合成出的一类热休克蛋白，某些HSP能帮助变性蛋白复性，某些HSP可与受损蛋白质结合形成复合物，转移到溶酶体中进行降解。
下列叙述合理的是A．热休克蛋白HSP 一定是由21种氨基酸脱水缩合而成B．某些HSP能重新连接变性蛋白质中断裂的肽键C．高温使HSP变性后不能与双缩脲试剂发生紫色反应D．降解受损的蛋白质有利于细胞的正常代谢活动2．不同植物的耐寒性有较大差异，某同学在学习了“探究植物细胞的吸水和失水”这一内容后，试图从植物细胞液浓度变化的角度来解释植物耐寒的机理。
他选取了常温和4℃低温处理24 h的紫色洋葱鳞片叶和葫芦藓叶片制成临时装片，用引流法将细胞浸润在0.3 g／mL 蔗糖溶液中，记录相关实验结果如下表所示：下列相关叙述错误的是A．葫芦藓叶片细胞的细胞液浓度低于洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的细胞液浓度B．低温处理的植物细胞失水速率变慢，质壁分离程度变低C．依据实验结果可得出推论：植物细胞通过增加细胞液浓度适应低温环境D．耐寒植物细胞在低温环境下，自由水与结合水的比值降低，提高自身的耐寒性3．细胞周期控制系统通过周期性激活随后关闭关键蛋白质来调控细胞周期，磷酸化反应和去磷酸化反应是细胞用来改变蛋白质活性开或关的最通用的方法之一。
细胞周期控制系统的核心是细胞周期蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶(Cdk)，它们的活性呈周期性升降。
如图所示为推动细胞从G2期进入M期的复合物M Cdk的活化过程。
下列叙述不正确的是A．不同激酶(Weel和Cak)使M Cdk的不同位点发生磷酸化，体现了酶的专一性B．磷酸化的M- Cdk无活性，需要磷酸酶去除Cdk上任意一个磷酸基团才能活化C．活化的M - Cdk可激活更多的Cdc25，进一步促进M Cdk的活化，这体现了正反馈调节D．推测活化的MCdk在进入下一个细胞周期之前会失活4．编码乳糖酶的LCT基因位于人类2号染色体上。
2021年湖南省长沙市雨花区雅礼中学高考英语模拟试卷(二)(附详解)
2021年湖南省长沙市雨花区雅礼中学高考英语模拟试卷（二）一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AAre you looking for ward to going to a summer camp？If you are, here are some you might be interested in.Camp Lantern CreekLocated in the beautiful Texas Piney Woods Camp Lantern Creek is one of the best Texas summer camps girls aged 7 to 19. This creative art summer camp program is a perfect chance to develop self-confidence and leadership.Phone：936-597-8225Pali Adventures Extreme Action CampExtreme Action campers can enjoy the most exciting, dirt-filled, high-speed action experiences arranged for them. Don't worry about safety. There are experienced adults who will make sure of the safety of the campers. Each day is packed with wild outdoor adventures. Every day is different - but always full of extreme fun. Campers are encouraged to reach new heights in confidence.Phone：909-867-5743Camp Broadway MainstageThe 25th anniversary session of Camp Broadway Mainstage, Broadway's original destination for theater-loving kids, will take place in New York City. This 5-day musical theatre camp is designed to teach children and teens （aged 10-17）to be creative ，courageous performers - on stage and off.Phone：212-575-310.3Camp PillsburyCamp Pillsbury is fit for boys and girls aged 6-17. The camp offers a fully elective program with strong offerings in Circus, Rock Music, Dance, Sports/ Water Sports, Technology, Visual Arts and so much more. Campers can attend：for 2，4，6，8，or 10 weeks. Camp Pillsbury also offers a Year Round Camp to those who love camp so much that they can't get enough. In the winter it is a school with high academic standards, still offering afternoons, evenings andweekends full of fun and action.Phone：507-214-22001.Who would be drawn to Camp Lantern Creek？______A. Teenage girls who love creative art.B. Confident kids under the age of seven.C. Young adults who like outdoor adventures.D. Teenage boys wanting to be more confident.2.If a teenager is interested in acting, which camp would he/she Choose？______A. Pali Adventures Extreme Action Camp.B. Camp Broadway Mainstage.C. Camp Lantern Creek.D. Camp Pillsbury.3.What do we know about Camp Pillsbury？______A. It is more attractive to girls than boys.B. It cannot be taken part in all year round.C. It allows campers to try many different thingsD. It focuses on improving campers' academic performance.BKobe Bryant （1978-2020），in full Kobe Bean Bryant, was an American professional basketball player,who helped lead the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association （NBA）to five championships （2000-02 and 2009-10）.Bryant's father, Joe （"Jelly Bean"）Bryant, was a professional basketball player who spent eight seasons in the NBA and eight more playing in Italy, where Bryant went to school. When his family returned to the United States, Bryant played basketball at Lower Merion High School in Ardmore, Pennsylvania. He gave up going to college and declared himself qualified for the NBA draft when he graduated from high school The Charlotte Hornets chose him with the 13th pick of the 1996 draft. He was traded to the Lakers shortly after and became the second youngest NBA player in history when the 1996-97 season opened, He quickly proved himself with the Lakers and was selected for the NBA All-Star Game in just his second season, becoming the youngest All-Star.Bryant was forced to share the role of the Lakers' star player with his popular and talented teammate Shaquille O'Neal. The two had an uneasy relationship, but they found success underthe leadership of Phil Jackson, who became coach of the Lakers in 1999. Bryant, a shooting guard, and O'Neal, a center, meshed into a remarkably effective combination, and by the time Bryant was 23，the Lakers had won three consecutive NBA championship.Bryant was also a member of the gold medal-winning U.S. men's basketball teams at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2012 London Olympic Games. In 2015 Bryant wrote the poem Dear Basketball, and two years later it served as the basis for a short film of the same name, which he also narrated. The work won an Academy Award for Best Animated（动画的）Short Film. In 2018 Bryant published the book The Mamba Mentality：How I Play, in which he described his approach to basketball. The title reflected a nickname he gave himself during his playing days, "The Black Mamba". On January 26，2020，Bryant and his 13-year-old daughter were among a group traveling to a girls' basketball game in a helicopter when it crashed, killing all nine people aboard.4.What can we learn about Kobe Bryant from the passage？______A. He finished high school in Italy.B. His father was an amateur basketball player.C. He became a member of the Lakers in 1996.D. His father taught him a lot about playing basketball.5.What was Bryant's attitude towards sharing the role of the Lakers' star player withShaquille O'Neal？______A. Unhappy.B. Acceptable.C. Indifferent.D. Optimistic.6.The phrase underlined in the third paragraph could be replaced by " ______ ".A. connectedB. formedC. arrangedD. shifted7.What is the last paragraph mainly about？______A. Bryant's lifetime achievements and death.B. Bryant's non - professional accomplishments.C. The origin of the name of Bryant's 2018 book.D. Awards that Bryant received after his retirement.CMany countries in the world are faced with the problem of student loan debt, says former United Nations Population Division director Joseph Chamie.Chamie suggests several reasons for high student loan debt. One is that employers everywhere have increased their demands for skilled workers, making higher education a requirement formany jobs. This means more students are seeking higher education worldwide than ever before. At the same time, governments are investing less money in public colleges and universities. They are refusing to raise taxes, and use existing tax money to meet other needs. So more students are attending private institutions, which are often more costly.However, students often find that once they complete their education, their country's economy is not strong enough to support their financial needs. For example, about 28 percent offour-year degree holders in Malaysia had no job in 2015 ，so their ability to pay back the loan becomes a problem.Ankit Kalda, an assistant professor of finance at Indiana University,published a study on debt relief with his team in September. Their study came out of an unusual situation. In 2017，U. S. courts found that a large financial organization had made mistakes in its record keeping. The company could not show that it owned the debt of 2，000 borrowers. Therefore, they had to remove it. And so, suddenly, a number of people were told they did not need to pay back the money they had borrowed. Kalda and his team looked at what happened to some of these people. The researchers found that, overall sudden debt forgiveness greatly improved the borrowers' lives. In time, they began earning more money, on average about US ＄3，000 more a year. In addition, they no longer had negative, information about late or missed debt payments on their credit reports.Young people are just entering the time in. their lives when they can be financially independent, start families and really add to the economy. But their ability to do so is greatly limited if they have debt hanging over them.Therefore, some kind of debt relief plan should be put forward.8.Why more students prefer studying at private colleges？______A. It is the requirement for many jobs.B. Public colleges fail to meet their needs.C. The tuition of public colleges is highD. The governments' investment in public universities is falling.9.The example of Malaysia in the third paragraph is mentioned to show that ______ .A. the country's economic situation is terribleB. higher education is of little use to a student's futureC. unemployment makes college graduates fail to pay back loansD. it is hard for college graduates to find jobs nowadays10.What can we learn from the research by Ankit Kalda's team？______A. It was only debt that prevented the quality of life from improving.B. Removing borrowers' debt could help people improve their later credit reputation.C. Debt forgiveness gave borrowers opportunities to seek high-salary jobs.D. Relieving debt could erase borrowers' negative information on their credit reports.11.What would be the best title for the report？______A. The Current Situation of Student LoanB. The Reasons Behind High Student Loan DebtC. Ways to Help Students Became Free from DebtD. Growing Global Student Debt Fuels Search for SolutionsDSome futurists have gone so far as to say that, intelligent machines will replace teachers within 10 years. Not surprisingly, this causes concern among educators. As artificial intelligence （AI）develops, it is playing an increasingly important role in education. But should teachers really be worried？I have been involved in AI in education throughout my career, developed award-winningAI-based products. While I am more excited than ever about the potential of AI to improve the quality and economics of learning, I don't think educators should worry about being replaced by machines. Instead, AI is more likely to empower teachers：reduce overwork, and make their jobs more rewarding.Studies show that teachers have more impact on students achievement than any other aspect of schooling,and effective teachers have a lasting impact oil students' success. Yet many teachers report that their workload is unmanageable, and much of their time is devoted to activities other than teaching. This is an area where AI can help. For example, by automating the scoring of student work teachers spend less time on grading assignments and data input and management,and focus instead on responding to students' needs.Teachers with large classes find it stressful to meet the needs of individual students. AI can give these the practice opportunities and individualize feedback that they otherwise might not receive. Teachers Have few opportunities to interact with students outside of the classroom.AI-based learning environments can be made available to students anywhere and anytime. Learning can continue outside of the classroom. This helps every learner to make rapid progress toward mastery of their subjects.Thus, the question should not be whether AI will replace teachers, but how it can support teachers and learners both inside and outside the classroom.12.According to What futurists say in the first paragraph, we can learn ______ .A. intelligent machines are developing fastB. teachers are irreplaceable in schoolC. AI is playing an important role in educationD. AI might be a threat to educators13.What is the author's opinion about AI in education？______A. AI has the potential to replace teachers.B. AI is less useful than educators.C. AI could make education very profitable.D. AI can work alongside teachers.14.According to the author, AI can support teachers by ______ .A. helping teachers organize class activitiesB. interacting with studentsC. reducing the time teachers spend on activities other than teachingD. helping teachers check how students are mastering what they have learnt15.What is the author mainly talking about？______A. The development of AI in education.B. The impacts that AI has had on education.C. The importance of educators in education.D. The ways that AI can help educators.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Giving an allowance to children can be a useful tool to teach them both a sense of responsibility and the ability to manage their money.（1）______ However, the adults are divided over when the time is right to stop giving their children an allowance.Some parents stop giving their children an allowance when they graduate from high school. They believe it's time for their children to earn their own way.（2）______Instead of waiting until after high school, there are parents who believe that they should stop giving their children an allowance after they graduate from college.（3）______ Therefore, receiving an allowance will give children more time for schooling.（4）______ If chores aren't done, grades aren't kept up and there is a bad attitude, then it mayto giving your child an allowance. In the real world, if your work doesn't meet its standard and your attitude is bad, then you will no longer get paid.If you are not sure when you should stop giving your child an allowance,talk to other parents.（5）______ Besides, even if you make a wrong decision, the situation can be changed right away.A. They think college should be for study only.B. Some parents feel an allowance should be earned.C. Their opinions might help you make a wise decision.D. It will no longer be proper for them to rely on parents.E. Obviously, the right answer is whatever the parent feels is correct.F. These lessons are important and can be carried on to their adult life as well.G. Picking the right time to stop giving your child an allowance is important.16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）Ida Nelson and her sister were relaxing and enjoying themselves in the sauna （桑拿室）when she heard a series of long low sounds from a small airplane（1）______ the nearby airport. It was 11：30 at night in the Alaskan village of Igiugig, population 70，and, as she told the reporter, "Any time a plane flies over that（2）______ ，you know something is wrong." Nelson and, her sister leaped out of the sauna, ran to the window, and saw the problem：The airport's runway lights were（3）______ .Nelson（4）______ some clothes, jumped into her ATV，and floored it to the airport, where she found a local pilot trying to turn on the（5）______ manually.（6）______ ，if someone pushed the button 10 or 15 times, the lights would just light up. Not this time. Meanwhile,she and the pilot learned of the plane's（7）______ mission：It was a medevac （医疗救护直升机），there to（8）______ a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital,280 miles away in Anchorage.Nelson had a plan. Driving her ATV to the end of the runway, she（9）______ her headlights for the plane to follow. Great idea, but it wasn't enough.（10）______ light was needed, so a neighbor called nearly every home in the village-32 of them.Within 20 vehicles arrived at the airport, many of the（11）______ still in pajamas （睡衣）. Following directions from the medevac pilot, the cars lined up on one side of the runway. The medevac made its final（12）______ and, guided by the headlights,（13）______ safely. The young patient was loaded onto the aircraft, and the plane immediately took off again. Her illness was never publicly revealed, but she has since been released from the hospital.In a world filled with（14）______ ，the little community's positive activism was a（15）______ . Not so much for Nelson. As she told the reporter, in Igiugig, coming together "is kind of a normal deal".21. A. reaching B. dropping C. circling D. crashing22. A. late B. high C. soon D. far23. A. on red B. out C. blinding D. flashing24. A. tried on B. threw on C. folded up D. ironed out25. A. alarm B. radio C. heating D. lights26. A. Normally B. Unexpectedly C. Gradually D. Irregularly27. A. well-meaning B. wait-and-seeC. time-criticalD. heart-stopping28. A. admit B. operate on C. transport D. examine29. A. shone B. shot C. gave out D. brought30. A. Colorful B. Traffic C. Distant D. More31. A. passengers B. pilotsC. rescue workersD. drivers32. A. preparation B. performance C. approach D. struggle33. A. took off B. sped up C. escaped D. landed34. A. misery B. uncertainty C. wonder D. hope35. A. second thought B. big dealC. top priorityD. good example四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.Following pressure from animal activist groups ，Apsara, the management authority forthe Angkor Archaeological Park in Siem Reap, Cambodia announced in June 2019 itwould ban elephant rides in early 2020. Now the process has already begun.An Apsara press（1）______ （represent）said, "The elephant is a big animal,（2）______ it is gentle and we don't want to see the animals （3）______ （use）for tourism activities anymore. We want them to live in their（4）______ （nature）surroundings."In 2016，an elephant named Sambo died at Angkor Archaeological Park,（5）______ （draw）worldwide attention. Her death was blamed （6）______ a combination of heat stroke arid exhaustion from ferrying so many human beings around. Two years later,the World Wildlife Fund（7）______ （publish）an in-depth look at the dwindling populations of the Asian elephant, noting that the（8）______ （species）population had declined by 50% in just three generations.The ban comes at a time when more and more travelers and tourism organizations around the world have moved to eliminate animal-related attractions. Most recently,TripAdvisor-one of the world's biggest travel listings and booking sites-announced that （9）______ would not sell tickets to any sites（10）______ breed whales or dolphins in captivity, such as the theme park Sea World in the US.五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.假定你是李华，你就学校英文报的文化园地专栏向笔友Annie约稿，主要内容包括：1.栏目：文化园地；2.主题：美国节假日；3.稿件字数400左右；交稿时间：六月十日前。
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2014届高考模拟卷(二)文综试题
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2014届高考模拟卷（二）文综试题时量：150分钟满分：300分本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
1至41题为必考题，42至48题为选考题第Ⅰ卷本卷共35小题。
每小题4分，共140分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
大樱桃主要生长在北纬30～45°的温暖、冷凉地带。
辽南、胶东和秦皇岛是我国大樱桃的主要栽培区,其中烟台福山区大樱桃，已有130年的栽培历史。
采摘节是该地区一种集田园风光、采摘鲜果、休闲娱乐等于一体的精彩活动。
下图为该地的优质“大樱桃”采摘区示意图。
据此完成1-2题。
1.该地生产的“大樱桃”与我国其他地方的普通樱桃相比，具有品种多、早熟、个大、色艳、味甜等特点。
形成此鲜明特点的主导因素是(A)A.种植技术B.交通便利C.水丰富D.光热充足2.为适应采摘节的需要，欲在该地建一个“农家休闲中心”，最佳的选址为(C)A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁读“西安1989～2005年工业用地空间分布变化”示意图，回答3-4题。
3.由西安市工业用地的变化，可推断出西安市的城市化特征是(B)A．工业区不断向城郊迁移，西安出现了逆城市化现象B．工业用地不断向城郊扩散，郊区城市化，城市规模不断扩大C．城市商业区不断萎缩，工业区不断扩大D．城市住宅区和绿化用地，正逐步转化为商业用地4.西安市这种变化，可能带的影响有（C）A．随着城市的扩大，人工影响下，城市植被种类越越丰富B．会造成城市中心污染加重C．有利于缓解市中心用地紧张的局面D．有利于减少城市基础设施建设资金的投入人口机械增长率是指某地某时段内迁入与迁出人口数的差值与总人口之比。
读我国东部某省(市)2006 - 2014年人口增长率变动图，回答5-6题。
5.图示时期该省(市)人口总数 (C)A.持续上升B.持续下降C.先增后减D.先减后增6.推断图示时期该省(市)人口机械增长率变化的主要原因是 (C)A.城镇房价增长快B.经济水平持续下降C.产业升级和转移D.自然灾害频繁发生读世界某岛屿地势示意图，该岛屿东西两侧降水差异很大，图中黑灰色区域为山脉。
精品解析：【全国百强校】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三下学期一模英语试题(解析版)
雅礼中学2019届高考模拟卷（一）英语试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号和座位号。
用2B型铅笔把答题卡上试室号、座位号对应的信息点涂黑。
2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B型铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4．考生必须保持答题卡整洁。
考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。
1. What do we learn from the conversation?A. There will be a math exam tomorrow.B. Today is the man’s birthday.C. The man doesn’t like math exams.2. What colour is the woman’s evening dress?A. BlueB. White.C. Black.3. Why was the man proud of his daughter?A. She was a hero.B. She was a champion.C. She was a swimmer.4. what does the man mean?A. He moved the desk alone.B. He had some classmates move the desk.C. His classmates helped him move the desk.5. What time is it now?A. 3:10.B. 3:15.C. 3:50.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三第二次月考生物试题(原卷版)
D.由乙构成的核酸分子中不存在氢键
3.胆固醇不溶于血浆，必须与载脂蛋白结合形成脂蛋白之后，才可运输至细胞内进行代谢。人体中有多种载脂蛋白，其中低密度载脂蛋白（LDL）是胆固醇的主要载体。血液中，胆固醇与LDL结合形成的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）含量升高是引发动脉粥样硬化的重要因素。下图是动物细胞摄取和利用LDL的部分过程，下列叙述错误的是（ ）
11.某哺乳动物的毛色由3对位于常染色体上、独立遗传的等位基因决定。A基因编码的酶可使黄色素转化为褐色素，B基因编码的酶可使褐色素转化为黑色素，D基因的表达产物能完全抑制A基因的表达，相应的隐性等位基因a、b、d的表达产物没有上述功能。下列分析错误的是（ ）
A.纯合黄色亲本杂交子代一定为黄色
B.若两个基因型相同的黄色个体杂交，子代出现黄:褐:黑=52:3:9，则基因型一定为AaBbDd
炎德·英才大联考雅礼中学2023届高三月考试卷（二）
生物
一、选择题
1.截至2022年9月2日，全球猴痘确诊病例突破52875例，该病由猴痘病毒引发。猴痘病毒是一种包膜双链DNA病毒，它与天花病毒是近亲，人感染后通常会出现发烧、头痛、皮疹或皮肤损伤等症状。84消毒液、75％酒精等家用消毒剂可以杀死猴痘病毒。下列相关叙述正确的是（ ）
B.许多放能反应往往与过程乙相联系，许多吸能反应往往与过程甲相联系
C.代谢耗能越多的细胞，该能量供应机制的运行速率越快
D.在所有生物体内，都存在该能量供应机制，这体现了生物界的统一性
8.研究发现，人体皮肤细胞中的p53蛋白可通过抑制Bcl2基因表达并促进Bax基因表达来诱导细胞凋亡。下列有关叙述正确的是（ ）
A.若T、t位于Ⅱ片段，则遗传过程不会出现性状与性别相关联
2024年湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高考物理模拟试卷(二)及答案
2024年湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高考物理模拟试卷（二）一、单选题（本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1．（4分）LC振荡电路既可产生特定频率的信号，也可从复杂的信号中分离出特定频率的信号，是许多电子设备中的关键部件。
如图所示为理想LC振荡电路，某时刻电容器中的电场方向向下，且电路中的电流正在增大，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．电路中的磁场能正在减小B．电容器两极板间的电势差正在减小C．电感线圈内部的磁场向下D．电感的自感电动势正在增大2．（4分）2023年8月24日，日本政府正式向海洋排放福岛第一核电站的核污水。
核污水中的Po发生衰变时的核反应方程为→+X。
设的比结合能为E1，的比结合能为E2，X的比结合能为E3。
已知光在真空中的传播速度为c，的半衰期为138天，则下列说法正确的是（ ）A．E1＞E2B．该衰变过程本质是原子核中的一个中子转变为质子并放出一个电子C．该核反应过程中的质量亏损可以表示为D．10个核138天后剩余5个3．（4分）半径为R的半圆弧金属丝均匀带+Q的电荷时，在其圆心处产生的电场强度大小为，k为静电力常量。
若让一根半径为R的圆弧金属丝均匀带+Q的电荷，则在其圆心处产生的电场强度大小为（ ）A．B．C．D．4．（4分）如图，长为l的细绳下方悬挂一小球a，绳的另一端固定在天花板上O点处，在O点正下方l的O′处有一固定细铁钉。
将小球向右拉开，使细绳与竖直方向成一小角度（约为2°）后由静止释放，并从释放时开始计时。
当小球a摆至最低位置时，细绳会受到铁钉的阻挡。
设小球相对于其平衡位置的水平位移为x，向右为正。
下列图象中，能描述小球在开始一个周期内的x﹣t关系的是（ ）A．B．C．D．5．（4分）2023年11月16日，中国北斗系统正式加入国际民航组织标准，成为全球民航通用的卫星导航系统。
北斗系统空间段由若干地球静止轨道卫星、倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和中圆地球轨道卫星等组成。
高考生物模拟检测卷与答案解析
高考生物模拟检测卷与答案解析2017年高考生物模拟检测卷与答案解析一个人若想拥有聪明才智，便需要不断地学习、积累。
为帮助考生们备考2017年高考，以下是店铺搜索整理的一份高考生物模拟检测卷与答案解析，供参考练习，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们店铺!一、选择题(2.5×20=50分)1.若连续分裂的细胞处于一个细胞周期中，则细胞内( )A.处于分裂期时会大量利用T与UB.DNA复制和转录过程的每个起点都多次起始C.染色体的数目与DNA分子的数目始终保持相同D.严格的调控机制保证了细胞周期的有序运行[答案] D[解析] 连续分裂的细胞分裂方式为有丝分裂，在一个细胞周期中，在分裂期时染色体高度螺旋化，无法进行DNA的复制和蛋白质的合成，故不会大量利用T与U;在一个细胞周期中，DNA只复制一次，DNA 复制过程的每个起点只有一次起始，蛋白质可多次合成，转录过程的每个起点可多次起始;当出现染色单体时，DNA分子的数目是染色体的数目的2倍。
2.下列关于动物细胞有丝分裂的叙述正确的是( )A.分裂间期，在细胞核中发生了DNA复制、转录和翻译B.染色单体形成于分裂前期，消失于分裂后期C.纺锤体形成于分裂前期，消失于分裂后期D.分裂后期，染色体和染色体组数都加倍[答案] D[解析] 分裂间期细胞核进行DNA复制、转录，翻译发生在细胞质的核糖体，故A错。
染色体在间期复制，结果1染色体含2条单体，后期随着着丝点分裂，单体分离成为染色体，故B错。
纺锤体形成于分裂前期，消失于分裂末期，故C错。
分裂后期，由于着丝点分裂，导致染色体和染色体组数都加倍，故D确。
3.下图表示动物细胞有丝分裂时的染色体数(a)，染色单体数(b)和DNA分子数(c)的数量关系。
下列解释肯定不正确的是( )A.①可以用于表示细胞分裂的前期B.①时染色体的螺旋化程度可能达到最高C.间期用②表示最恰当D.③表示细胞分裂完成[答案] C[解析] 图②中染色体已加倍，且无姐妹染色单体，故可表示为有丝分裂后期。
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绝密★启用前【全国百强校】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2017届高考模拟试卷（二）理综生物试题试卷副标题考试范围：xxx ；考试时间：24分钟；命题人：xxx学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________注意事项．1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题）一、选择题（题型注释）1、已知细胞分裂素可以解除顶端优势，某同学为了研究细胞分裂素作用的部位（如图：①为侧芽，②为顶芽），将多株生长状况良好且相同的幼苗均分为三组，第一组不做处理，第二组、第三组分别在①、②处涂抹适宜浓度的细胞分裂素，一段时间后观察侧芽的生长情况。
以下关于该实验的说法错误的是A ．本实验的自变量为涂抹细胞分裂素与否及涂抹位置B ．第一组不作处理的幼苗作为空白对照组C．第二组、第三组应切除②再涂抹适宜浓度的细胞分裂素D．若第二组侧芽长势明显优于第三组及对照组，则说明细胞分裂素作用于侧芽2、已知真核生物的基因中有些序列不参与蛋白质的编码，现有一个真核生物的基因转录出成熟mRNA，并以其为模板翻译出蛋白质。
下列说法正确的组合是①可以依据成熟mRNA的序列推测基因的全部序列②不能根据成熟mRNA的序列推测基因的全部序列③可以根据蛋白质的氨基酸序列推测成熟mRNA的精确序列④不能根据蛋白质的氨基酸序列推测成熟mRNA的精确序列A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④3、下列关于细胞核中染色体、基因及形状的叙述正确的是A．若子代中出现了性状分离，则亲代减数分裂过程中一定发生了同源染色体分离B．若某红花自交后代子代中白花占1/64，则花色的遗传一定只受3对等位基因控制C．若某组亲本杂交，子代雌、雄个体中表现型及比例相同，则该性状一定为常染色体遗传D．若某遗传病家系中出现了女患者的父、子都患病，则该病一定伴X染色体隐性遗传病4、取3支试管分别加入等量唾液淀粉酶溶液，标注为A、B、C三组，并分别调整到0℃、37℃、100℃，然后在每支试管中加入温度分别为的是0℃、37℃、100℃的等量淀粉酶，保持各组温度10分钟后，继续进行检测实验。
下列关于该实验的说法，合理的是A. 若向三只试管中各加入等量的碘液，试管内液体颜色都可能出现蓝色B. 若向三只试管中各加入等量的斐林试剂，水浴加热一段时间，试管都不出现砖红色沉淀C. 该实验的对照组是A组，实验组是B、C组D. 只要在0℃和100℃之间每隔10℃设置一个实验组，就可确定该反应的最适温度5、下列关于原核细胞与真核细胞的叙述正确的是A．原核细胞的遗传物质为单链DNA分子，真核细胞的DNA分子为双链DNA分子B．原核细胞中的DNA不能形成真核细胞那样的染色体，只能形成染色质C．原核细胞的部分遗传信息储存在RNA中，真核细胞的遗传信息全部储存于DNA中D．原核细胞无线粒体，有的能进行有氧呼吸，无线粒体的真核细胞一定不能进行有氧呼吸6、如图为人体某器官中血液的流动情况示意图，①②表示物质①促进或抑制②的产生，②产生后将释放到血液中。
下列说法正确的是A ．若该器官为骨骼肌，①可表示胰高血糖素，②可表示肌糖原分解产生的葡萄糖B ．若该器官为下丘脑，则①可能是甲状腺激素，②可表示促甲状腺激素释放激素C ．若该器官为胰腺，则①可能是促胰液素，②可能是胰液D ．若该器官为性腺，则①可能是促甲状腺激素释放激素，②可表示性激素第II 卷（非选择题）二、综合题（题型注释）7、研究发现，转基因抗虫植物能杀死昆虫的原理是该基因控制合成的蛋白质被昆虫食用后，在消化道中被蛋白酶水解产生具有毒性的活性肽，与昆虫肠道细胞上的受体结合，使渗透压失衡，导致昆虫死亡。
下图表示苏云金杆菌中获取BT 抗虫基因以培养抗虫玉米的部分过程。
其中①—⑧表示操作流程，a 、b 表示分子，c —e 表示培养过程,（其中d 过程表示细菌与玉米细胞混合培养）。
（1）通过图示流程①获取BT 抗虫基因需使用______________酶，将其与切割后的质粒重组需使用________酶；在流程⑤中，细菌经培养不断分裂产生更多的子代细菌，该步骤的主要目的是___________；流程⑦需要用到_______________技术，经过____________过程最终形成植株，其依据的主要原理是___________。
（2）目前多个国家已批准种植转BT 基因抗虫玉米供人食用，请结合题意分析其可行的原因是_____________________________________________。
（3）已知BT 基因能够成功整合到玉米染色体上，某玉米植株体细胞中BT 基因在染色体上的整合情况如图所示（黑点表示BT 基因的整合位点），该植株进行自交，子一代中具有抗虫特性的植株所占比例为______。
8、已知果蝇有灰身和黑身、黑眼和棒眼两对相对性状（显隐性未知），分别由2对等位基因控制，其中1对位于常染色体上，另1对位于X 染色体上。
根据以下实验回答问题：第一步：纯合灰身圆眼雌蝇和纯合黑身棒眼雄蝇杂交。
第二步：子一代随机交配，得到子二代并统计各表现型间的比例。
（1）若子一代果蝇为灰身棒眼雌蝇和灰身圆眼雄蝇，则可以得出以下结论：①灰身对黑身为显性性状；②______________________；③_______________________。
（2）若子一代果蝇全为灰身圆眼，继续观察子二代的表现型，若出现某种表现型的果蝇只分布于________（填“雌果蝇”或“雄果蝇”）的情况，则可以判断控制该性状的基因位于X 染色体上。
除了子一代随机交配外，请你用题中给出的果蝇（亲代、子代均可用）找出另一种可验证2对基因独立遗传的杂交组合：______________雌蝇×____________雄蝇。
（3）若圆眼和棒眼基因位于X 染色体上，且棒眼为隐性，则子二代灰身圆眼果蝇中纯合果蝇占________。
9、作为制作家具的珍贵木材，水曲柳数量正在逐年大幅度减少。
为解决这个问题并获得足够的木材，政府鼓励人们人工种植水曲柳，但经常因为爆发虫害而减产。
研究者发现附近自然群落中以白桦和水曲柳两种乔木为主，但很少爆发虫害。
（1）人工水曲柳林树种单一，营养结构简单，___________能力差，易遭受虫害。
若能利用害虫与其天敌的____________关系加以防治，其防治效果会更加持久稳定，从能量流动角度分析，引入害虫的天敌的重要意义是_______________________________________。
（2）研究者统计了自然群落中白桦和水曲柳的树龄分布，结果如图所示：由左图分析可以看出，白桦10-20年树龄的数目较少，而40-50年树龄的数目较多，推测可能的原因是由于上层林冠茂密，林下光照不足，导致幼龄林数量生长难以进入下一龄级。
据此预测白桦种群数量未来变化趋势是___________________（填“增加”、“不变”或“减少”）。
综合上图分析，群落中的______幼苗耐荫能力强，由此推测若干年后，该种群将成为优势种。
10、减肥是现代的时髦，很多人通过节食减肥。
过度节食可能诱发骨质疏松、贫血、骨癌、内分泌失调、情绪低落甚至抑郁等多种疾病。
（1）过度节食使人体因摄入的矿质元素减少而患某些疾病，骨质疏松和贫血可能与人体摄入的_______等元素减少有关。
_______________等离子摄入量减少会明显影响内环境的渗透压，使内环境渗透压降低，_______________激素释放量减少，导致尿量增多。
（2）当组织液中Na+浓度降低到一定程度，会使神经细胞兴奋时动作电位的峰值___________________（填“变小”、“不变”或“变大”）。
（3）长时间饥饿可使人的免疫机能受损。
如果蛋白质摄入不足，可损害T淋巴细胞的机能并使吞噬细胞发生机能障碍，从而导致人的___________________（填“特异性”、“非特异性”或“特异性和非特异性”）免疫功能下降；情绪低落会使作用于免疫细胞的神经递质释放量减少，导致免疫力下降，此过程中免疫细胞属于反射弧中的____________（结构）。
11、下图甲表示植物光合作用部分反应的物质变化及能量变化示意图，图乙表示某植物在光照等环境因素影响下光合速率变化的示意图。
回答有关问题：…………○…………（1）图甲所示过程发生在绿色植物叶肉细胞内，其场所为____________________（填具体结构），蓝藻细胞内无叶绿体，但在蓝藻细胞内仍能发生图甲所示过程，其原因是________________。
（2）由图甲可知光合作用过程中CO2的固定_______________（填“需要”或“不需要”）消耗ATP，固定的CO2被还原成的直接产物是_______________（填中文名）。
（3）图乙中t1时的处理与t3时的处理均导致植物光合速率增大，两种处理会导致光反应过程速率增大的有_____________（填“t1”、“t3”或“t1和t3”）。
T4后短暂时间内，叶绿体中磷酸甘油醛和磷酸酮糖的变化分别为_______________。
12、野生酵母菌虽可以利用多种碳源，但对淀粉的利用率较低，因此有科学家将其他生物的ɑ-淀粉酶基因导入野生酵母中以获得工程酵母，回答下列问题：（1）以酵母菌为受体细胞时，适于用作基因工程运载体的是________________。
（2）野生酵母菌可以将淀粉水解为___________糖和葡萄糖，这一过程发生在酵母菌_____________（填“细胞外”或“细胞内”）。
（3）将ɑ-淀粉酶基因导入野生酵母后，由于导入成功率不高，可以将这些酵母菌进行梯度稀释后涂布于含有刚果红的_____________（填“选择”或“鉴别”）培养基上，____________的菌落即为成功导入并表达目的基因的酵母菌菌落。
（4）导入目的基因成功的酵母菌菌种可以置于_____________（填“固体”或“液体”）培养基中，在_____________（填“有氧”或“无氧”）条件下扩大培养。
（5）若要长期保存优良的工程酵母菌种，可以将酵母菌液与等量的___________混匀，置于-20℃的条件下保存。
参考答案1、C2、D3、A4、A5、B6、B7、（1）限制DNA连接扩增目的基因植物组织培养脱分化和再分化细胞的全能性（2）毒蛋白能在消化道中被蛋白酶水解后产生具有毒性的活性肽，与昆虫细胞上的受体结合，而人体中没有相应的受体，所以对人体不会有影响（3）27/648、棒眼对圆眼为显性棒眼和圆眼基因位于X 染色体上（或灰身和黑身位于常染色体上）雄果蝇子一代（灰身圆眼）黑身棒眼（子二代黑身棒眼） 2/99、自我调节捕食或寄生调整能量流动关系，使能量持续高效地流向对人类有益的部分减少水曲柳10、 Ca、Fe（P） Na+、Cl-抗利尿变小特异性和非特异性效应器11、叶绿体基质蓝藻细胞内有叶绿素和蓝藻素及光合作用相关的酶不需要磷酸甘油醛 t1和t3降低、升高12、质粒麦芽细胞外鉴别透明圈大液体有氧甘油【解析】1、分析题干信息，该实验的目的是探究细胞分裂素的作用部位，实验原理是细胞分裂素可解除植物的顶端优势，因此实验的自变量应该是细胞分裂素的作用部位和是否涂抹细胞分裂素，A正确；. 第一组不作处理的幼苗，属于空白对照组，B正确；该实验的自变量是细胞分裂素，结合题意可知，通过细胞分裂素的处理，观察实验结果，因此实验中应保留②，不能切除，在①处涂抹等量的细胞分裂素溶液，C错误；第二组细胞分裂素处理的是侧芽，第三组细胞分裂素处理的是顶芽，若第二组侧芽长势明显优于第三组及对照组，可以说明细胞分裂素作用于侧芽，促进侧芽生长，D正确。