大学体验英语四 课后翻译
大学体验英语四课文翻译与课后句子翻译
Unit1 PA无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次"约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影。
我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道："父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。
可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。
父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿，说明他不可能离开太长时间。
影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。
新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。
大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为"无需父亲”观念。
职业母亲（我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。
与此同时，媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。
看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为"家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。
当布兰肯霍恩先生就"顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。
这种"无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。
我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。
我们用来讨论父亲角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。
我们几乎从来没听到"职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子，同样也适应于男子。
大学体验英语综合教程4_课后翻译答案
Passage A1,随着职务的提升，他负担的责任也更大了。
1.With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2，他感到他没有必要再一次对约翰逊承担这样的责任了。
2.He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3，闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露西却喜欢呆在家里看书。
3.Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.4，说好听一点，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心活没有资格的权力追随着。
4.At best he's ambitious, at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5，我们已尽全力说服他，但却毫无进展。
5.We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.Passage B1 因特网的普及，给人们提供了迅速、方便获取信息的机会。
1.The popularity of Internet provides people with quick and convenient access to information。
2.既然他不同意这个计划，在考虑此事就没有多大意义。
2，Since he doesn’t agree to this plan, there is not muc h point in thinking about it any more.3，我本人为你没有看过这个电影，不过他应该是个很好的片子。
大学体验英语第4册(第三版)汉译英Unit+1-8
Unit 11. 随着职务的提升,他担负的责任也更大了。
(take on)Answer: With his promotion, he has taken on greaterresponsibilities.2. 他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。
(make a commitment)Answer: He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3. 闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物,与她相反,露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。
(as opposed to) Answer: Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.4. 说得好听一些,可以说他有抱负,用最糟糕的话来说,他是一个没有良心(conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。
(at best, at worst)Answer: At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seekerwithout conscience or qualifications.5. 我们已尽全力想说服他,但是却毫无进展。
(strive, make no headway)Answer: We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.Unit 21. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由。
(provide for)Answer: Th e Constitution pro vides for citizen’s freedom of speech.2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法,因此常发生争吵。
大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译
1.The more I thought about it, however, the more glaring anomission it seemed.可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。
2.Meanwhile, a high proportion of media stories about fathersfocus on abusive husbands or deadbeat dads.与此同时，媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。
3.One exception to the "unnecessary father" syndrome is theglowing media attention that at-home dads have received.这种"无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。
4.Yet, rather than holding up "ordinary" fathers as positiverole models for the dads of tomorrow, too often society has thrown up its hands and decided that traditional fatherhood is at best obsolete and at worst dangerously reactionary.然而，我们这个社会并没有把“普通”父亲作为正面角色为未来的父亲树立榜样，相反地，却常常持放弃态度，认为传统的父道从最好的方面说是已经过时，从最坏的方面讲就是危险的反动。
1.The truth of the matter is that the Web is no more inherentlydangerous than anything else in the world.其实，万维网并不比世界上其它任何事物更为天然地有害。
大学体验英语4英语翻译整理
Unit 11随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。
With his promotion,he has taken on greater responsibilities.2他感到他没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。
He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露西却喜欢呆在家里看书。
Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time ,as opposed to Lucy ,who prefers to stay at home reading.4说好听一点，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心或没有资格的权利追求者。
At best his ambitious,at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualification.. 5我们已经尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。
We has striven to the full to convince him,but we have made no headway.6因特网的普及给人们提供了迅速、方便地获取信息的机会。
The popularity of Internet provides people with quick and convenient access to information.7既然他不同意这个计划，在考虑此事就没有多大意义。
Since he doesn’t agree on this plan ,there is no much point in thinking about it any more.8如果你不努力，终将一事无成。
If you don’t work hard,you will end up nowhere.9我本人没有看过这部影片，不过它应该是一部很好的片子。
大学体验英语四选词填空课后翻译完整版
Unit 1passage Aapplaud mirror entail strive consequently赞同反射，反映需要努力，奋斗因此supposedly devalue flexibility obligation fulfill可能使…贬值灵活性义务，责任履行，实现1. Taxes are an obligation which may fall on everybody.2. We applauded the authority's decision not to close the hospital.3. The doctor's instructions must be fulfilled exactly; the sick man's life depends on it.4. Do these opinion polls really mirror what people are thinking?5. I prefer to think of memorization as a stepping-stone to flexibility in use of words and phrases.6. In her office memos she tended to devalue the work done by her staff.7. The history of train transport has partly been a history of striving for greater efficiency and profit.8. He took on the new post without having the faintest idea of what it entailed .9. He is supposedly one of the greatest experts in this field.10. Absolute secrecy is essential. consequently , the fewer who are aware of the project the better.Passage Bsack expansiveness sphere sustain sour解雇广阔范围维持支撑使变酸clue define depression division equality线索规定沮丧分配平等1.Some people do, and some people do not, believe in equality of opportunity.2.He sustained a great loss from the death of his father.3. Police have still found no clue as to the whereabouts of the missing woman.4. In designing a bridge, one must allow for expansiveness in hot weather.5. One of the workmen was sacked for his always being drunk.6. When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble.7. Gardening is outside the defined of my activities.8. She said that the hat made me look silly, but perhaps that was sour grapes.9. The newspapers are full of such depressing news nowadays as crime, natural disasters, and rising prices.10. The division of the world into developed and underdeveloped nations is a gross simplificationUnit 2 passage Aawait mask pose distract undermine等候伪装，遮盖追上使..分心,分散(注意力) 暗示，提示spot overtake judge cue offend损害超过看出，认出造成，引起冒犯，得罪1. By the age of 20, Mozart had written some ten operas and was well prepared for the demanding audiences that awaited him in Vienna.2. After only three years in the American market, our US sales there have overtaken those in Japan.3. Earthquakes pose such serious danger to the country that Japan has become a world leader in earthquake prediction, earthquake-proof construction techniques, and disaster preparedness by both civil defense forces and the general public.4. American artists often took their cues from European literary salons and art schools, and cultured Americans traveled to Europe to become educated.5. A series of body explosions has undermined all the hopes for a peaceful solution in the Middle East.6. When he realized the police had spotted him, the man made for the exit as quickly as possible.7. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged in terms of how profitable their achievements are.8. A person who moves to a house on a busy street may initially be distracted every time a loud vehicle drives by but after a month he will become used to it.9. These publishers all depended on the favor of the English crown for their existence, and so they only published materials that did not offend royalty.10. They will seek to persuade others that they are moral in the accepted sense of the term in order to mask their motives to gain the awards.Passage Btutor embarrass potential appropriate affection辅导尴尬潜力合适喜爱yield hence presentation romantic recommendation让出因此演讲爱情的建议、劝告1. I was really embarrassed when I knocked over the cup of tea on my teacher's desk.2. The literacy council will begin a training program for volunteers who will go to tutor the farmers in the remote areas.3. The western area of China has enormous potential for economic development, but a lot of investment is also needed.4. Weather in Britain defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and speculation to everyone.5. The sports writers all predicted the American basketball team would not yield the first place to Russia.6. She has a great affection for the nursery of children and the children all like her very much.7. Dress neatly and attractively in an outfit appropriate to the job.8. Professor David asked one of the students to give a presentation on American thriller movies.9. She thinks her boyfriend is romantic because he sends her a rose every morning.10.The chairman made a recommendation on the firm's investment abroad to the board of directors.Unit 3 Passage Ablock anonymous derive quote rationalize阻塞匿名的得出引用使。
大学体验英语4课后翻译、课文翻译、选词填空
英语复习资料2017年6月8日1AA无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影。
我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道：“父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。
可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。
父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿，说明他不可能离开太长时间。
影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。
新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。
大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。
职业母亲（我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。
与此同时，媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。
看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。
当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。
这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。
我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。
我们用来讨论父亲角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。
我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子，同样也适应于男子。
大学体验英语四课后翻译
Unit 11.随着职务的提升,他担负的责任也更大了;take onWith his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2.他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了;make a commitmentHe felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物,与她相反,露茜却喜欢待在家里看书;as opposed toMary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading4.说得好听一些,可以说他有抱负,用最糟糕的话来说,他是一个没有良心conscience 且没有资格的权力追求者;at best, at worstAt best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5.我们已尽全力想说服他,但是却毫无进展;strive, make no headwayWe have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.1.他似乎只有在打保龄球的时候才感觉到舒服;It seems that the only time he felt good about himself was when he was bowling.2.饭店员工是不收小费原则的唯一例外;One exception to the “no-tipping rule” is the hotel staff.3.很多年轻人在理论上知道怎么干,但当付诸实践时,就茫然无措了;Many of these youngsters know the job in theory but they’re still wet behind the ears when it comes to putting it into practice.4.今天,在顶级公关运营商中间存在着一种广泛的共识,认为法庭和媒体的对峙不能再继续下去;Today, there is widespread agreement among top PR operators that the stand-off between courts and the media can not continue.5.对于每个人来说,有一点是确信的,睡眠不仅是必需的,而且睡眠有助于我们身心健康;As for everyone, one thing is certain,not only do we have to sleep,but it is good for your mind and body as well.倍数的翻译Multiples常见的倍数的翻译有倍数的增加和倍数的减少;倍数的增加1 n times +名词或+ that of ..., n times as ... as ... 或v + n times等可译成“是...的n倍”或“比...增加n–1倍”;. The output of cars this year is about three times as great as that of last year.今年的汽车产量大约是去年的三倍; 或：今年的汽车产量比去年多两倍左右;2 n times +“增加”意义的比较级+ than ...可译成“净增加...或...倍”;. The irrigated area in this prefecture is four times bigger than in 1998.这个辖区的灌溉面积是1998年的4倍;3 “增加”意义的动词+ by ...可译成“增加了……”；“增加”意义的动词+ by a factor of ...可译成“增加了n–1倍”；增加意义的动词+ to ... 可译成“增加到……或……倍”或“增加了n–1倍”;. The value of our industrial output this year has increased five times as compared with that of ten yearsago.今年我们的工业产值比10年前增加了四倍;The rate of inflation has increased by 3%.通货膨胀率增长了3%;4 Double, treble, quadruple, n + fold等表示的倍数可译成“是……的n倍”或“增加了n–1倍”;. The efficiency of the machine has been more than trebled.这台机器的效率增加了二倍多是过去的三倍多;倍数的减少1 n times as +“减少”意义的原级+ as ..., n times + “减少”意义的比较级+ than ... , “减少”意义的动词+ n times等,可译成“比...减少n–1 / n”、“减少了n–1 / n”、“是...1/n”、“减少到1/n”若n中有小数点,则要换算成不带小数点的分数或百分数;. The length of the laser tube was reduced ten times.激光管的长度缩短到1/10; 或：激光管的长度缩短了9/10;This kind of film is twice thinner than ordinary paper, but its quality is quite good.尽管这种薄膜的厚度只是普通纸张的一半,可是质量却相当好;2 “减少”意义的动词+ by可译成“减少...”、“减少n–1/n”或“减少到1/n”；减少意义的动词+ by a factor of可译成“减少n–1 / n”或“减少到1/n”；减少意义的动词+ to可译成“减少到...”;. The load resistance is reduced by a factor of 5.负载阻抗减少到五分之一;The company has reduced its work force from more than 15 000 to 10 000.该公司将其工作人员从15 000多人裁减到10 000人;Unit 21. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由;provide forAnswer: The Constitution provides for citizen’s freedom of speech.2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法,因此常发生争吵;grow out of; bring upAnswer: Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children.3. 我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇;long beforeAnswer: We have learned some words long before we can read.4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好;the more ... the moreAnswer: Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better.5. 新税法不是要惩罚富人,而是要给穷人以公平和机会;ratherAnswer: The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor1.要得到任何类似的关于你申请状态的准确信息都是极不寻常的;Answer: It is extremely unusual to get anything resembling accurate information about the status of your application.2.法律面前人人平等是被认为理所当然的;Answer: It is taken for granted that everyone is equal before the law.3.在美国餐馆吃饭、住宾馆、乘出租车时如何付小费是非常复杂的;Answer: There is nothing more complicated than that about Americans tipping, eating in restaurants, living in hotels or taking a taxi.4.你一定见过那些被称为鹰的大鸟是如何在地面或者大树之上捕获猎物的;Answer: You must have seen these large birds called eagles, feasting on their prey, either on the ground, or high up on tree tops.5.专家们毫不怀疑,这些药物将在加强我国应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病方面大有帮助;Answer: Experts have no doubt that these drugs will go a long way in further strengthening our national response to HIV and AIDS.数量词的翻译Numbers数词的翻译英汉两种语言表示数量的方法时有不同,翻译中不仅需要仔细推敲如何表达,有时还需要进行换算;例如：1. ten thousand: 万one hundred thousand: 十万one hundred million: 亿one billion: 十亿ten billion: 百亿；2. hundreds of: 数百thousands of: 成千上万tens of thousands of: 千千万万millions of: 数百万；千百万millions of millions of: 亿万与此相类似的还有一些表示数量的名词：decades: 几十年scores: 好几十；大量dozens: 数打,数十;量词的翻译1. 度量衡单位词的翻译：直接将量词译为对应的汉语;例如：ton: 吨gram: 克foot: 英尺inch: 英寸2.普通名词作量词则应按语境来译,必须符合汉语的表达习惯;例如：a piece of news: 一则消息 a colony of ants: 一窝蚂蚁 a cake of soap: 一块肥皂3. 翻译时增加量词;例如：a chair: 一把椅子 a horse: 一匹马 a tree: 一棵树A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起;Unit 31. 你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵;pluck offAnswer: You should pluck off the dead fl owers in time.2. 我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案;qualify asAnswer: I don’t think what you said really qualifi es as an answer.3. 我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡;echoAnswer: Our shouts echoed through the silent streets.4. 毫无疑问,他的成绩提高了,他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣;reviveAnswer: There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived. 5. 史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚;file forAnswer: The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce court.1.这自然是一种完全可笑的幻想;我根本不想当什么大tycoon,也根本看不起大款;Answer: It is of course a ridiculous fancy. Being a tycoon is the last thing I imagine and also a thing Iutterly despise.2.研究人员说,在家里承受压力的孩子会在课堂上捅娄子,这会损害全班学生的学习能力;Answer: The researchers say that children under stress at home can cause problems in the classroom, which ultimately hurts all the students’ ability to learn.3. 医学杂志上的一份研究报告回应了金融危机会带来医疗灾难的警告,说有迹象表明,心理健康问题和自杀行为急剧增加;Answer: A study in the medical journal echoes the warning of an impending health catastrophe brought about by the financial crisis, saying there are signs of a sharp rise in mental health problems and suicide.4.当学生为了获得一个超过他们应得成绩的更好分数而作弊时,他们其实就在学习养成欺骗和不诚实的生活习惯;Answer: When pupils are practicing cheating for the purpose of obtaining better school marks than they deserve, they are surely training themselves for lives of deceit and dishonesty.5.如果没有交通规则,人们如何在公路上开小轿车、大巴或其他交通工具Answer: Would people be able to drive a car, a bus and any other vehicle on the roadway if there were no traffic regulations否定句的翻译NegativesThe use of negatives in English is very flexible and delicate. The following tips will help you to handle the translation.1 否定成分的转移The object did not move because I pushed on it.这物体不是因为我推了才移动的;原文否定谓语,译文否定状语;2 形式否定Nobody could be too foolish this day.在这天,你怎么出洋相都不过分;3 双重否定Without substance, there could be no force.没有物质就没有重力;译成双重否定She is not a little interested in computer games.她对计算机游戏有浓厚兴趣;译成肯定句4 部分否定Everything is not straightened out.并非每一个问题都弄清楚了;5 强调否定The outcome of the experiment was not half bad.实验结果相当好;6 含蓄否定The report lacks detail.报告不够详尽;否定包含在英语动词中Unit 41. 我爷爷虽然70岁了,但他的爱好广泛,从下国际象棋到爬山,多种多样;range from ... toAnswer: My grandfather’s interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old.2. 真奇怪,汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃;surprisinglyAnswer: Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80.3. 他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作;qualify forAnswer: His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get.4.你如何解释他的那个怪梦interpretationAnswer: What interpretation would you put on his odd / strange dream5. 我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里;be capable ofAnswer: The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of making 200 kilometers an hour.1.正义不但必须要伸张,而且要让人看到正义得到了伸张;Answer: Justice must not only be done, but it must be seen to be done.2.发展的主要障碍是国家欠下的巨额外债;Answer: The main impediment to development is the country’s huge foreign debt.3.政治家夸夸其谈,但经常是言不由衷;Answer: Politicians say a lot but often failing to tell us what they really mean.4.不要抱怨生活对你不公,因为生活根本就不知道你是谁;Answer: Don’t complain that life is unfair to you because life simply does not know who you are.5.多元化产品的范围由一般电子组件至大型安装机器;Answer: Diversified products range from electronics components to assembly machinery.定语从句的翻译Relative Clauses常见的定语从句翻译方法有两种：合译法和分译法;1 合译法：把定语从句译成汉语的“的”字结构,放在被修饰词的前面,从而把英语的主句和定语从句合译成一个汉语单句;1 This is the scientist who just returned from the North Pole.这是刚从北极归来的科学家;2 The sun, which had hidden in the cloud all day, now came out in its entire splendor.整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了;3 Without rubber there would be no such automobiles as we have today.如果没有橡胶,就不会有今天这样的汽车;2 分译法：将定语从句与主句分开,译成并列分句;1 I knew that Mary would tell the story to her mother, who would probably tell it to John.我知道玛丽准会把这件事告诉她的妈妈,她妈妈多半又会把这事说给约翰听;2 They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他们找到了一种新方法,采用该方法之后产量已迅速提高;3 Machine tools have various uses, one of which is to make holes in metal.机床有各种用途,其中之一是给金属钻孔;Unit 51. 产品广告中的说明必须符合产品的实际质量;conform toAnswer: The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform to its actual quality.2. 新的见解有望为我们探索应对这种情况的新方法铺平道路;pave the way forAnswer: New insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore new ways of treating this condition.3. 谚语来源于生活,是一个民族的语言和文化的浓缩和体现;derive fromAnswer: Proverbs, which derive from life, are the condensation and embodiment of the language andculture of a nation.4. 这段情感关系一直困扰着她,而且不见尽头;hauntAnswer: The emotional relationship has been haunting her with no end in sight.5. 应当承认,很难判定这件独特商品的合适价格;discernAnswer: Admittedly, the right price for this unique commodity is hard to discern.1.除了他为他儿子所做的一切之外,我们认为他没有什么值得表扬的地方Answer: We agree that he had nothing to be praised for other than what he had done for his son.2.很多企业不把商业道德当回事儿,这比任何违法的商业行为给世界经济所带来的危害都要大;Answer:That many enterprises don’t take business ethics seriously can be more destructive to world economy than any illegal commercial action.3. 中国人的热情好客在过年期间的盛宴上得到了充分的诠释;Answer: The hospitality of the Chinese finds its ultimate expression in the grand feasts during the Spring Festival.4.这笔世界银行的贷款为更多的孩子有更好的学习条件提供了经济上的保障;Answer: This loan of money from the World Bank provides financial guarantee that enables more children to have better facilities in school.5.与其说是对教育公平的一项科学研讨,不如说是呼吁公众对穷人发展的关注;Answer:It is less a scientific research about equal education opportunity than it is a call for public attention to the development of the poor.同位语的翻译Appositives可以充当同位语的有名词、代词、介词短语、不定式等;同位语通常放在有关成分本位语之后,并对其内容作进一步的解释说明;同位语一般用逗号与本位语隔开但有时也可不隔开;下面举例说明有关同位语的各种表达方式及其翻译方法：1. 名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语,一般与本位语译在一起：Examples You may leave it to us two.你可以把这件事交给我们两个;This is Mr Zhou, director of our hospital.这是我们医院院长周先生;She seemed different from them all.她似乎和他们所有的人都不同;This theory was advanced by Li Siguang, a famous Chinese geologist.这一理论是由中国的著名地质学家李四光提出的;2. 有些同位语结构复杂一些,如由引导词引导,翻译时一般译在本位语之后,且要用标点符号逗号、冒号或破折号隔开;Examples Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.这时就产生了一个问题：我们到哪儿去找需要的机器;They visited eight cities, for example, London and Paris.他们访问了八座城市,例如伦敦和巴黎;3. 在某些涵义需要进一步说明的名词如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等后可用that从句作同位语,翻译时多译成该名词的定语;称为同位语从句;Examples I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你也在这儿;Obviously there was little probability that they would su cceed, but they didn’t mind.很显然他们成功的可能性极小,但是他们不在意;Unit 61.她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期;portray ... as2.Answer:She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.3.2. 试验表明,不抽烟的人比抽烟的人犯的错误要少;fewer ... than4.Answer:Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers.5.3. 足球迷经常受到人们的重视,不是因为他们自身的成功,而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜利; not ... but6.Answer:Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.7.4. 尽管演员的演技高超,这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们;despite8.Answer:Despite the actors’ wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.9.5.王教授是我能唯一指望救我儿子的大夫;rely on10.Answer:Professor Wang is the only doctor I canrely on to save my son1. 当我们知道有人从这次洪水中幸存下来时激动得都要飞起来,但当我们怎么也找不到失踪的那几个同学时,心情也跌底;Answer:1. We hit the heights when we got the news that someone survived the flood and reach thedepths of despair when we can not find the classmates lost in this accident.2. 我们赢得这场比赛的机会要比那些经常训练的人少得多;Answer:The opportunities for us to win the match are much fewer tha who practice often,3. 我们所做到一切不是为了获得名或者利,而是为了让更多人的希望;Answer:What we did is not for fame or fortune of ourselves,but for the hopes of more people.4. 他把自己在学校的糟糕表现归咎于自己贫困的家庭,而不是自身的懒惰;Answer:He blamed his poor performance in school on his poor family background,rather that onhis own laziness.5. 大学生所面临的一个重要困难是如何把学到的知识应用到实践中去;Answer:One of the difficulties college students face is how to apply what they have learned in schoolto practice.名词性从句的翻译Noun Clauses在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句Noun Clauses;名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,因此名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;1. 名词性that-从句的翻译that只起连接主句和从句的作用,本身没有词意,翻译时只译出从句的意义即可;ExamplesThat he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气;John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去;The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他;The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人感到不安;that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末;Δ用it作先行词结构的翻译：1 It is ＋名词＋从句It is a fact that ... 事实是；It is an honor that ... 非常荣幸；It is common knowledge that ... 是常识2It is ＋形容词＋从句It is natural that ... 很自然；It is strange that ... 奇怪的是3It ＋不及物动词＋从句It seems that ... 似乎；It happened that ... 碰巧4It ＋过去分词＋从句It is reported that ... 据报道；It has been proved that ... 已证实2. 名词性wh-从句的翻译wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where,when, why等连接副词;翻译时既可译出这些连接词语的疑问含义,又常按其实际所指变通译成“的东西”、“的地方”、“的时间”、“的原因”等;Examples How the book will sell depends on its author.我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌In one’s own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲;The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者发奖;My question is who will take over presidency of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会的主席职位;She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就起什么名字;I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来;I’m not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请;That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿;wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it作形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末, Examples It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作;It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明;Δwh-从句常用结构的翻译：Examples What you need is ...你需要的东西是How ＋从句＋is up to you.什么的方法／途径由你决定;Where ＋主语＋谓语＋is none of your business.什么地方与你无关;Why ＋主语＋谓语＋is a secret.为什么还是个谜;It is not clear who ...谁还不清楚;3. 名词性从句否定转移的翻译1 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到了主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式;ExamplesI don’t think I know you.我想我并不认识你;I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不会来;2seem, appear等后的从句的否定,转移到了前面;ExamplesIt doesn’t seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪里去;It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气;3有时整个从句的否定,转变为对谓语动词的否定;Example It’s not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人;Unit 71.对考试结果我无法预料,我们只有等着瞧了;inkling2.Answer:I have no inkling about the examination results, we shall have to wait and see.3.2. 我不知道到底发生了什么事,但是他们一小时前就该到达这里的;suppose to4.Answer:I don’t know what happened, but they were supposed to be here an hour ago.5.3. 他今天穿的衬衫的颜色与领带很不相配;match6.Answer:The color of the shirt he is wearing today does not match that of his tie.7.4. 经过数年的准备和积累,我终于开始了写作生涯;commit8.Answer:After years of preparation and accumulation, I have committed to a writing career fi nally.9.5. 我已经告诉我的孩子们要学着把自己的抽屉清理好;clear out10.Answer:I have asked my kids to learn to clear out their drawers1.我当时没有意识到发生在万里之外的美国的事情会这么快就被这些村民知道了;Answer:I didn’t realize then that the thing taking place in America which is 10 thousand miles awaywouldbe known by the villagers here so soon.2.正是在国外生活的这三年使我学会了人与人之间相处的原则;Answer:It tookthe three-year-experience of living abroadfor me tolearn interpersonal communication principles.3.我已经明白了正如在任何超市里一样,电脑里的一切都应该是系统化地安排的;Answer:I have learned thatin computer,asin any super market, everything should be systematically arranged.4.这家正被媒体热切讨论的公司正是我们的合作伙伴, 正如其他消费者一样,我们也会密切关注事态的发展;Answer:The companythat is hotly discussed in mass media is our cooperatorand we, likemany other costumers, will closely see how things progress.5.当我们意识到自己的责任以后,我们应该做的就是勇敢地面对来自各方面的挑战;Answer:Whenwe have realized our responsibility,whatwe should doisto confront various challenges. 状语从句的翻译Adverbial Clauses英语的状语从句种类较多,为了符合汉语的表达习惯,翻译的时候应注意从句子语序和词语的省略两方面考虑;语序：英语状语从句位置比较灵活,翻译时应根据汉语结构的需要,对语序作必要的调整;省略：为了避免累赘,要注意汉语中常将从句的主语和连词省略;例如：语序1 He always goes wherever he is in urgent need.哪里需要他,他就到哪里去;2 She passed the CET 4 because she had studied very hard.因为学习努力,所以她顺利地通过了英语4级;如果强调结果,也可把从句译在后面3 Chongqing has undergone great changes since it became a municipality.自从成为直辖市以来,重庆发生了巨大的变化;4 We would have accomplished the task much easier if you had come to help us.要是你来帮我们,完成这项任务本可以更容易些;5 Y ou shouldn’t have given up so early, though you met with a lot of difficulty.虽然有很多困难,你也不应该这么早就放弃;省略1 Please let me know in case you need my help.如果需要帮助,请告知我;2 As soon as you get the order, you should set out immediately.一旦接到命令,你应该立即出发;3 We might have a rest after we finish the project.完成这个项目,我们可以休息一下;4 He didn’t come to class because he was seriously injured in the football match.他在足球比赛中严重受伤, 没来上课;5 Rich as you are, you shoul dn’t look down upon the poor.你虽然有钱, 也不应该瞧不起穷人;Unit 81.无论我们遇到什么样的困难,我们都应该想办法克服它;overcome2.Answer:No matter what difficulties we come across, we should try our best to overcome them.3.2. 尊老爱幼是中华民族传统的美德;traditional4.Answer:Respecting the old and caring for the young is a traditional Chinese virtue.5.3. 今天,各行各业的人都在努力提高自己的知识水平以便跟上时代的发展;all walksof life6.Answer:Today, people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of the times.7.4. 孩子们特别喜欢卡通片;have a fancy for / take a fancyto8.Answer:Children have a fancy for cartoons.9.5. 鉴于他们缺乏经验,这工作他们做得不错;given that10.Answer:Given that they are lacking in experience / inexperienced / green hand, they have done a good job1.当她不得不在家庭与工作之间做出选择时,她陷入了两难境地;Answer:She ran into a dilemma when she had to make a choice between family and her career.2.尽管我承认这些问题挺棘手,但我不相信他们无法解决;Answer:But while I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they can't be solved.3.由于他犯下了那样严重的罪行,受到严厉的处罚似乎是很自然的;Answer:Since he had committed such a serious crime,it seemed natural that he should be severely punished.4.如果你真的想给你老板留下深刻印象,你就应该有创造性的思维;Answer:If you really want to impress your boss, you should have some original ideas.5.这一现象并不令人吃惊,考虑到他们为克服这些困难所做出的辛苦努力的话;Answer:This is not surprising, given that they have made painstaking effort to overcome the difficulties.长句的翻译Long Sentences翻译长句时应从语法上分析全句,通过语法分析,弄清长句中各部分之间的语法关系,特别要弄清楚哪个是主句,主句中的主语、谓语和宾语是什么以及整个句子的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系,然后按照汉语的特点和表达方式把句子译成若干短句,并安排好各短句之间的次序;下面三种方法有助于我们译好长句;1.顺译法：A partition runs down the center of the heart, dividing it into left and right sections which work at the same time but deal with two different types of blood.一道隔膜穿过心脏中间,把心脏分成左右两个部分,两个部分同时活动,但却处理两种类型的血液;2.逆译法: What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose their professional identity than to step out of uniform对于护士、警察、理发师或是服务员来说,要使人们看不出他们的职业身份,还有什么比脱下制服更容易的方法呢3.分译法: But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as with it is in itself a huge victory.但在许多人看来,穷人能不靠政府救济养活自己,而且生活得几乎和依靠政府救济一样好,这本身就是一个巨大的胜利; 事实上,有些长句的翻译同时要用到两种或两种以上的方法,在翻译的过程中还需运用增词法、减词法和重复法等翻译技巧;若不善于使用这些翻译技巧,即使看懂了句子结构,表达起来也难免不够通顺;。
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Unit 11. 随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。
(take on)With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2.他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。
(make a commitment)He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。
(as opposed to)Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading4.说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心(conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。
(at best, at worst)At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5.我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。
(strive, make no headway)We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.1.他似乎只有在打保龄球的时候才感觉到舒服。
It seems that the only time he felt good about himself was when he was bowling.2.饭店员工是不收小费原则的唯一例外。
One exception to the “no-tipping rule” is the hotel staff.3.很多年轻人在理论上知道怎么干，但当付诸实践时，就茫然无措了。
Many of these youngsters know the job in theory but they’re still wet behind the ears when it comes to putting it into practice.4.今天，在顶级公关运营商中间存在着一种广泛的共识，认为法庭和媒体的对峙不能再继续下去。
Today, there is widespread agreement among top PR operators that the stand-off between courts and the media can not continue.5.对于每个人来说，有一点是确信的，睡眠不仅是必需的，而且睡眠有助于我们身心健康。
mind and body as well.倍数的翻译(Multiples)常见的倍数的翻译有倍数的增加和倍数的减少。
倍数的增加1 n times +名词或+ that of ..., n times as ... as ... 或v + n times等可译成“是...的n倍”或“比...增加n–1倍”。
e.g. The output of cars this year is about three times as great as that of last year.今年的汽车产量大约是去年的三倍。
(或：今年的汽车产量比去年多两倍左右。
)2 n times +“增加”意义的比较级+ than ...可译成“净增加...或...倍”。
e.g. The irrigated area in this prefecture is four times bigger than in 1998.这个辖区的灌溉面积是1998年的4倍。
3 “增加”意义的动词+ by ...可译成“增加了……”；“增加”意义的动词+ by a factor of ...可译成“增加了n–1倍”；增加意义的动词+ to ... 可译成“增加到……或……倍”或“增加了n–1倍”。
e.g. The value of our industrial output this year has increased five times as compared with that of ten yearsago.今年我们的工业产值比10年前增加了四倍。
The rate of inflation has increased by 3%.通货膨胀率增长了3%。
4 Double, treble, quadruple, n + fold等表示的倍数可译成“是……的n倍”或“增加了n–1倍”。
e.g. The efficiency of the machine has been more than trebled.这台机器的效率增加了二倍多(是过去的三倍多)。
倍数的减少1 n times as +“减少”意义的原级+ as ..., n times + “减少”意义的比较级+ than ... , “减少”意义的动词+ n times等，可译成“比...减少(n–1) / n”、“减少了(n–1) / n”、“是...1/n”、“减少到1/n”(若n中有小数点，则要换算成不带小数点的分数或百分数)。
e.g. The length of the laser tube was reduced ten times.激光管的长度缩短到1/10。
(或：激光管的长度缩短了9/10。
)This kind of film is twice thinner than ordinary paper, but its quality is quite good.尽管这种薄膜的厚度只是普通纸张的一半，可是质量却相当好。
2 “减少”意义的动词+ by可译成“减少...”、“减少n–1/n”或“减少到1/n”；减少意义的动词+ by a factor of可译成“减少n–1 / n”或“减少到1/n”；减少意义的动词+ to可译成“减少到...”。
e.g. The load resistance is reduced by a factor of 5.负载阻抗减少到五分之一。
The company has reduced its work force from more than 15 000 to 10 000.该公司将其工作人员从15 000多人裁减到10 000人。
Unit 21. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由。
(provide for)Answer: The Constitution provides for citizen’s freedom of speech.2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。
(grow out of; bring up) Answer: Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children.3. 我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。
(long before)Answer: We have learned some words long before we can read.4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。
(the more ... the more)Answer: Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better.5. 新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。
(rather)Answer: The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor1.要得到任何类似的关于你申请状态的准确信息都是极不寻常的。
Answer: It is extremely unusual to get anything resembling accurate information about thestatus of your application.2.法律面前人人平等是被认为理所当然的。
Answer: It is taken for granted that everyone is equal before the law.3.在美国餐馆吃饭、住宾馆、乘出租车时如何付小费是非常复杂的。
Answer: There is nothing more complicated than that about Americans tipping, eating in restaurants, living in hotels or taking a taxi.4.你一定见过那些被称为鹰的大鸟是如何在地面或者大树之上捕获猎物的。
Answer: You must have seen these large birds called eagles, feasting on their prey, either on the ground, or high up on tree tops.5.专家们毫不怀疑，这些药物将在加强我国应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病方面大有帮助。
Answer: Experts have no doubt that these drugs will go a long way in further strengthening our national response to HIV and AIDS.数量词的翻译(Numbers)数词的翻译英汉两种语言表示数量的方法时有不同，翻译中不仅需要仔细推敲如何表达，有时还需要进行换算。
例如：1. ten thousand: 万one hundred thousand: 十万one hundred million: 亿one billion: 十亿ten billion: 百亿；2. hundreds of: 数百thousands of: 成千上万tens of thousands of: 千千万万millions of: 数百万；千百万millions of millions of: 亿万与此相类似的还有一些表示数量的名词：decades: 几十(年) scores: 好几十；大量dozens: 数打，数十。
量词的翻译1. 度量衡单位词的翻译：直接将量词译为对应的汉语。