江苏省高考英语阅读理解15篇

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

“Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it’s a girl.”

Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different answer from every man who hears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.

Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child,it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this remobilization process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.

It is argued by some writers that the transiti on to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role. The mother’s role seems to require complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation; on the other hand,the father’s role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing number of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.

1. According to the author, being a father______.

A. brings a feeling of excitement to some men

B. has a different meaning for those who have daughters

C. makes some men feel proud and others uneasy

D. means nothing but more responsibilities

2. It is stated in the passage that______.

A. some parents are not prepared to have a child

B. young couples do not like children at all

C. working couples do not have much time to take care of their children

D. many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child

3. The transition to t he mother’s role requires that the wife______.

A. change her lifestyle in a highly innovative way

B. make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation

C. stay at home to take care of the baby

D. help her husband in his remobilization process

4. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles,fathers,compared with mothers, ______.

A. have to shoulder more burdens

B. have to make more difficult adaptations

C. have an easier job to do

D. can usually do a better job

【参考答案】32.CABC

Being the head of a high school for many years, I grew tired of budget meetings, funding cuts, and many other administrative chores (杂务). I started to dream of retirement. Sitting in traffic on a weekday morning, I would find my mind wandering, I would imagine spending time with my grandchildren, quiet evenings with my wife, traveling, or rediscovering some great books. I told myself that I wouldn’t sign myself up for any committees, any classes, or anything requiring a schedule.

My first day of retirement came at last!I cooked a great breakfast for my wife and me, leisurely read the paper, cleaned a bit of the house, and wrote a few letters to friends. On the second day, I cooked breakfast, read the paper . . . On the third day, . . . This is retirement? I tried to tell myself that it was just the transition(过渡), that those golden moments were right round the corner, and that I would enjoy them soon enough. But something was missing.

A former colleague asked a favor. A group of students were going to Jamaica to work with children in the poorest neighborhoods. Would I interrupt my new found “happiness” and return to the students, just this once? One trip. That’s all. My bags were packed.

The trip was very inspiring. I was moved not only by the poverty I saw but also by the sense of responsibility of the young people on the trip. When I returned home, I offered to work one day a

week with a local youth organization. The experience was so positive that I was soon volunteering nearly full-time, working with students across North America to assist them in their voluntary work.

Now, it seems the tables have turned. Some days I am the teacher, other days I am the student. These young people have reawakened my commitment (责任感) to social justice issues by challenging me to learn more about the situation in the world today, where people are still poor and suffer because of greed, corruption and war. Most importantly, they have given me the opportunity to continue to participate in helping to find solutions. In return, I help them do their charitable projects overseas. I’ve gone from running one school to helping oversee the construction of schools in twenty-one countries!

1. What did the writer expect to do after he retired?

A. To stay away from busy schedules.

B. To write some great books.

C. To do some voluntary work.

D. To plan for his future.

2. Why did the writer decide to go to Jamaica?

A. He missed his students in that country.

B. He couldn’t refuse his colleague’s favor.

C. He was concerned about the people there.

D. He was not satisfied with his retired life.

3. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A. My Retired Life.

B. Being the Head of a High School.

C. My Attitudes towards Life.

D. An Experience of Being a V olunteer.

4. What does the writer think of his retired life now?

A. Disappointing.

B. Troublesome.

C. Promising.

D. Meaningful.

【参考答案】33.ADAD

Millions of British people have ditched the traditional ‘thank you’ and replaced it with the less formal ‘cheers’, according to a survey.

Although the average person will say ‘thank you’ nearly 5,000 times a year, one in three are more likely to throw in a ‘cheers’ or ‘ta’ where it’s needed, rather than risk sounding old fashioned.

One in 20 now say ‘nice one’ instead, while younger generations are more likely to offer a ‘cool’ than a ‘thank you’.‘Merci’, ‘fab’ and even ‘gracias’ we re also listed as common phrases to use, as was ‘much appreciated’.

One in twenty who took part in the survey of 2,000 people by the Food Network UK for Thank You Day, which is marked on November 24, 2011, said a formal ‘thank you’ was now not often needed in everyday conversation. More than one in ten adults said they regularly won’t say thank you if they are in a bad mood.

Most people declared that saying thank you was something drilled into them by their parents. A huge 70 percent of those questioned wil l say thank you to a person’s face without even meaning it, while a fifth avoid saying it when they know they should — on at least two occasions every day. It seems our friends and family get the brunt (压力) of our bad manners with half admitting they’re no t good at thanking those closest to them — many justifying (为……辩解) the lack of thanks because their family ‘already know I’m grateful’.

When spoken words won’t do, it falls to a nice text to do the job for most people. A third will still send a handwritten thank-you note —but 45 percent admit it’s been more than six months since they bothered to send one.

A quarter of British people say thank you with food, with 23 percent cooking a meal to show their appreciation to someone. Another 15 percent bake a cake.

It follows that 85 percent of people will be annoyed at not getting the gratitude (感激) they feel they should receive.

56. Most of the people who took part in the survey say that they say “thank you” ________.

A. when they are in good mood

B. completely out of habit

C. when they feel truly grateful

D. purely out of politeness

57. The underlined word “ditched” in Paragraph 1 means “________”.

A. abandoned

B. used

C. shared

D. grasped

58. It can be learned from the passage that _______.

A. different ways of expressing gratitude are all fashionable

B. people should avoid saying “thank you” nowadays

C. a thank-you note is still appreciated by most people

D. people in a bad mood never say “thank you”

59. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Most people express their gratitude to others by buying food for them.

B. About fifty percent of people try not to say thank you when they should.

C. Most people may feel natural when they fail to receive others’ gratitude.

D. Many people think it unnecessary to say thanks to their family members.

Two talented Sheffield High School pupils have just found out they’ve been shortlisted in the top five of their categories in the new national Ambition AXA Awards.

Natalie Chan-Lam (Year 12) and Clare Rees-Zimmerman (Year 11) are both in the running to win a prize that will help them to achieve their ambition. The new national Ambition AXA Awards have been created to recognize excellence in 11—18 year olds. The national awards programme covers five categories: The Arts, Sport, Science, Enterprise and Community. Natalie is up for the Ambition AXA Award for Sport while Clare has earned her top five place in the Ambition Award for the Arts.

The Ambition AXA Award for Sport aims to find the young person who thinks they may one day win an Olympic medal. Natalie is a Badminton International who has a long string of singles and double National titles behind her from U11 National Singles Champion (冠军) right through the ages to the latest U17 UK Schools Games, as well as a run of titles won with the England Badminton team over the last few years. Through her achievements in badminton and through her promotion of the sport in school and at club level, Natalie has inspired many other students to take up the sport and badminton is now a major sport at Sheffield High School. Amazingly, she still makes time to play for and coach school teams, encouraging and assisting others to have the opportunity to reach their own level of personal excellence. Natalie’s ambition is to be selected for the Olympics in 2016.

The Ambition Award for the Arts is awarded to a young person who dreams of reaching the top in

their field. Clare is a remarkable musician who has already, at the age of fifteen, achieved the highest marks ever seen at SHS for grade 8 violin and viola. Clare’s music teacher Val Linnemann says of Clare, “To me, one of the most outstanding things about Clare is her t otal willingness to listen and ask intelligent questions. She is patient and good-natured and willing to help with other players.” If she were to receive an Ambition Award, Clare has plans to use this money to enhance (增加) opportunities for others through workshops.

If they get enough votes, they’ll make the top three in the country and be one step further towards the top awards. To vote for them, click on this link.

60. The Ambition AXA Awards are meant for ________.

A. anyone who is the best in one of the five categories

B. those who are likely to be future stars in certain fields

C. some pupils who have won great success in certain fields

D. children who have ambitions in all the five categories

61. We can conclude from the passage that Natalie and Clare are both girls with ________.

A. belief, patience and confidence

B. courage, curiosity and enthusiasm

C. caution, sympathy and experience

D. ability, kindness and achievements

62. The main purpose of the passage is ________.

A. to introduce the Ambition AXA Awards

B. to tell us what the two girls have done

C. to persuade us to vote for the two girls

D. to inspire more people to win the awards

The Importance of Setting Speech Goals

A speech is a wonderful opportunity to inform, persuade or entertain. The best speeches often take on a combination of all three of these components. However, before you can go about the writing of a great speech, it is important to set goals. Goals keep you, your speech and your audience focused.

What a goal is

In the context of a speech, a goal is the purpose of the speech, and what it hopes to accomplish. For example, the goal of a eulogy (颂歌) might be to celebrate the life of a loved one. The goal of a speech at a political gathering would be to inform the crowd about the political position of a candidate and persuade them to vote and campaign for the candidate in question.

Why a goal is important

Without a goal, a speech is without direction. The goal informs the structure and content of the speech. For example, if a speech’s goal is to convince people that smoking is bad for them, the speech will be structured with persuasive arguments to back up the goal. A speech with a goal of informing the audience will keep the information fair and factual.

A goal is incredibly important to the speech’s ability to connect with an audience. If the speaker is unaware of the goal of the speech, the audience will likely be unaware as well. This severely reduces the effectiveness of the message.

Asi de from informing the audience of the content and structure, a speech’s goal drives the speaker to greater heights. If a speaker is asked to speak on a specific subject, but never establishes the goal, they won’t know where to start in the research, organi zing and writing of the speech.

___________________________________

If you have been charged with (被委以) delivering a speech, establishing a goal can seem difficult at first. There are several things to take into consideration. First, think about who you will be speaking to. The demographic (人口统计) of your audience will likely determine whether you will be able to persuade them, or whether they will be able to sit through. Second, think about the topic its elf. If the topic is something controversial, it may worth your while to consider an informative approach to present both sides of the issue. Finally, consider your resources. A speech with an informative or persuasive goal usually requires a great deal of research, and sometimes takes more time to write.

63. According to the passage, what three components does the best speech combine?

A. Informing, delivering and entertaining.

B. Informing, persuading and entertaining.

C. Informing, writing and delivering.

D. Informing, writing and persuading.

64. The goal of a speech at a political gathering might be _______.

A. to persuade the audience to vote for a candidate

B. to celebrate the life of a person you admire

C. to entertain the audience with humor and magic

D. to persuade the audience to buy new products

65. All the following indicate the importance of a speech goal EXCEPT that _______.

A. a speech will lose its direction without a goal

B. a speech goal can help keep the audience aware of the speech

C. a speech goal can help the speaker know about the research, organizing and writing

D. a speech goal makes it possible for the speaker to achieve whatever he wants in life

66. Which of the following can be filled into the blank as the subtitle for the last paragraph?

A. How to achieve a speech goal

B. How to deliver a difficult speech

C. What to consider to establish a goal

D. What to consider to deliver a speech

Kepler 22b, a planet more like Earth than any yet discovered, has been identified as a potential future home for mankind.

Kepler 22b contains both land and water and has temperatures which average around 22℃. It also contains the right atmosphere to potentially support life.

It is, however, 600 light years from Earth. The planet, where a year lasts 290 days, was first spotted two years ago.

However, NASA scientists using the agency’s Kepler space telescope have now concluded that it offers the best hope yet for future human habitation outside the Solar System.

One of the key standards for a plan et to be habitable is that it remains roughly the right distance from its main star to be neither too cold nor too hot.

This range of ideal temperatures is known to scientists as the “Goldilocks” zone, as the temperature is “just right” for life.

Bi ll Borucki, Kepler principal investigator at NASA Ames Research Centre, said: “We have now got good planet confirmation with Kepler 22b. We are certain that it is in the habitable zone and if it has a surface it ought to have a nice temperature.”

There are now three planets outside the system, known as exoplanets, which experts believe could potentially be colonised (建殖民地) by future generations.

In May, French astronomers identified Gliese 581d, which is far closer at around 20 light years away. It is about six times the mass (质量) of Earth and is one of a family of at least six planets.

In August, a team from Switzerland reported that another planet called HD 85512b and 36 light years away seemed to be habitable.

The planet is in the constellation of Vela, measuring around 3.6 times the Earth’s mass. According to an online catalogue that indexes bodies outside our solar system, a total of 47 exoplanets and exomoons are potential habitable candidates but not enough research has been done to be sure.

67. Wheth er a planet is suitable for mankind to live on doesn’t depend on ________.

A. whether there are proper temperatures

B. whether it is close enough to Earth

C. whether there is atmosphere around it

D. whether there is land and water on it

68. In what way is Kepler 22b like Earth?

A. Its mass.

B. Its size.

C. Its conditions.

D. Its shape.

69. It can be learnt from the passage that ________.

A. Kepler 22b is closer to Earth than Gliese 581d

B. Kepler 22b is most likely to be habitable of all

C. Kepler 22b’s year lasts longer than the earth’s

D. Kepler 22b’s mass is greater than HD 85512b’s

70. We can infer from the passage that ________.

A. the farther a planet is away from the earth, the more likely it is to be habitable

B. the longer a year of a planet lasts, the farther it is away from the Solar System

C. the smaller mass a planet has than the earth, the less possibly there is water on it

D. the more potential habitable exoplanets are found, the more research we should do

Who hasn’t found themselves reaching for the closest food available when they’re tired and stressed? More and more research is proving that this isn’t all in our mind．Some foods really do lead to a change in our moods(心情)．

Carbohydrate(碳水化合物)for calm

This is how some people medicate themselves with food—by reaching for cookies or pasta(意大利面食)whenever they’re upset．Unfortunately，it doesn’t always work．You must eat a meal

consisting of 100％carbohydrate，on an empty stomach，to obtain the serotonin(血清素)increase so that you have a good mood．

To get the wished-For effect．you must not eat anything for four hours and then eat at least 30 grams of straight carbohydrate．Dry cereal(谷类食品)，a piece of bread with jam，or a potato should do the trick．

Protein(蛋白质)for power

Of course．sometimes we don’t need to be calm and sleepy．Sometimes we need a great deal of mental concentration，so this is when it’s important to mix protein and carbohydrate．The protein will prevent the tryptophan(色氨酸)from flooding your brain，and the rise in serotonin won’t occur．

Why dessert makes us happy

Fat and sugar cause the brain to let go endorphins(内啡肽)，which send pleasure signals throughout the body．This would be fine，except humans are not particularly good at stopping at one cookie or cake．

You can also satisfy your sweet tooth by choosing fruit for dessert．

Timing your meals for energy

Blood sugar drops after four hours of going without food，causing a decrease in energy．Eating usually fixes this within 20 to 30 minutes，but don’t suppose that eating more will cause a faster increase in energy.

When you eat has as much of an effect on your mood as what you eat. If you regularly go for a long period of time between meals，rethink your schedule and plan ahead.

(1)The underlined phrase in the third paragraph means_________.

A. be extremely smart

B. intend to cheat someone

C. bring about the desired result

D. do something to amuse people

(2)The function of protein is_________.

A. to help you keep calm-and-sleepy

B. to make you feel energetic

C. to lead you to slowness

D. to increase serotonin in your brain

(3)We can infer from the last two parts that_________________.

A. fat and sugar can greatly help people feel happy

B. we humans tend to eat lots of cookies and cakes

C. the more we eat, the faster we will gain energy

D. what we eat is more important than when we eat

(4)The main idea of the passage is____________.

A. eating for a better moo d

B. eating to make you calm

C. eating for more protein

D. eating to make us strong

Looking back on China’s road to outer space, people can easily find it has not been very smooth. In the past years, Chinese people have made hard and determined efforts to realize the dream their ancestors had for thousands of years.

After China’s first satellite into the Earth’s orbit in 1970 came four flights of unmanned Shenzhou missions from 1999 to 2002.The country carried out its first one-piloted space flight in 0ctober, 2003, making China the third country in the world to have independent human spaceflight ability after the Soviet Union and the United States. Then came another breakthrough oil October 12,2005,when Shenzhou 6, China’s’ second human spaceflight, was launched, with a crew of two astronauts. What’s more, the landmark(里程碑)spacewalk done by Zhai Zhigang ,one of the three boarding Shenzhou 7, launched on Sept.25,2008,Leads the country further in its space exploration.

Meanwhile, China’s moon exploration project, started in 2004, has also been progressing satisfactorily. Fifry years after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the world’s first man made satellite, China’s first circumlunar(绕月的)satellite Chang’e l took off on Oct.24,2007,which became another milestone in China’s space achievements after the. above-men-tioned manned flights. Chang’e l was expected to fulfill four scientific goals, one of which was to probe(探

测)mineral elements on the moon, especially those not existent on the Earth. It’s said that the

1unar regolith(月壤)is abundant in helium-3, a clean fuel that may support th e Earth’s energy demands for more than a century. Nearly 3 years later,Oct.1.2010 witnessed the blasting off of Chang’e 2.China’s 2nd unmanned lunar probe, marking another step forward in moon exploration. This time the aim is to test the key techniques of Chang’e 3 and Chang’e 4, as a preparation for a soft lunar landing in the future.

With great expectations, people all over the world are looking forward to China’s greater space achievements.

(1)According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?

A. China sent its first satellite into the moon’s orbit in 1970.

B. China is the third country in Asia to make human spaceflight.

C. By now, altogether 5 astronauts have made successful spaceflight by Shenzhou spaceship.

D. The launching of Chang’e l became the third milestone in China’s space achievements.

(2)Paragraph 2 mainly deals with information about China’s______________.

A. landmark spacewalk

B. manned Shenzhou missions

C. first circumlunar satellite

D. unmanned Shenzhou missions

(3)We can infer from the text that_______________.

A. China’s road to outer space has not been very smooth for a long time

B. the lunar regolith is believed to be rich in a clean flue called helium-3

C. China’s lunar exploration project was started in 2004 and completed in 2007

D. China’s scientists are researching into techniques for soft lunar landing

(4)What can b e the best title for the text.

A. Ancient Chinese’s Dream

B. China’s Major Space Achievements

C. China’s Moon Exploration

D. The World’s Great Expectations

【解析】这篇文章回顾了中国太空探索所取得的成就——神舟号载人飞行和嫦娥探月卫星的成功发射。

(1)D正误判断题。根据第二段中的"first one-piloted space flight in October，2003"以及"Then came another breakthrough on October 12,2005"，再结合第三段中的"Chang’e 1... which became another milestone... "可知"嫦娥一号"的成功发射是中国太空探索的第三个里程碑。

(2)B段落大意题。该段主要介绍了第一次载人航天飞行以及“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”载人航天飞行，故选B项。

(3)D推理判断题。A、B两项是直接信息，故排除。由文章倒数第二段最后一句内容可推知：中国科学家正在研究在月球上软着陆技术。

(4)B主旨大意题。这篇文章围绕“神舟号载人飞行和嫦娥探月卫星发射”而展开，故B项作为标题最合适。

A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some four-year-olds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it. Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see. Some last a few minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait until the last moment.

By the time the children reach high schoo1,something remarkable has happened. A survey found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out generally grew up to be more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable. The children who gave in to temptation(诱惑)early were more likely to be lonely. easily frustrated and inflexible(顽固的).

Actually, the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesn’t show up on an IQ test.

The hardware of the brain and the sof tware of the mind have long been scientists’ concerns. But brain theory can’t explain what we wonder about most,like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul.

Here comes the theory of Daniel Goleman, writer of Emotional Intelligence：when it comes to predicting people’s Success, brain ability measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as "character".

EQ is not the opposite of IQ. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together; how one’s ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients (要素)for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20％;the rest depends off everything from social class to luck.

While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, some few fear EQ invites misuse.

（3)The underlined word "upbeat" in Paragraph 4 probably means______________.

A. kind

B. floating

C. excited

D. optimistic

(4)Why does the author mention the experiment at the beginning of the text?

A. To amuse both the child ren and readers.

B. To prove the sc ientist’s wisdom.

C. To introduce the topic of the text.

D. To show us how to do an IQ test.

(5)What is most likely to be written in the paragraph that follows?

A. Information about famous people with high EQ.

B. Examples showing the opposite voice about EQ.

C. Some reasons why EQ is a relatively new field.

D. Strong demands for basic emotional education.

【解析】这篇文章讲述了情商所起的重要作用、它与智商的关系以及人们应如何看待。(1)C 推理判断题。从文章第二段的第二句可推出答案为C。

(2)C正误判断题。从倒数第二段的第一句"EQ is not the opposite of IQ. "可知EQ和IQ并没有相对立的关系，由此可判断C项正确。

(3)D猜测词义题。从画线词所在句后面的内容“困难可打倒意志不坚定的人”可猜测出"upbeat"是“乐观的”意思。

(4)C写作意图题。文章从"make an experiment"入手，从而引出作者要谈及的话题EQ和IQ。

(5)B文章结构题。从文章的最后部分"some few fear. EQ invites misuse"可推出，下文最有可能谈及少数人对EQ持否定态度的例子。

Last weekend,20,000 people gathered in the state of Georgia to watch students from 28 countries compete with robots they built. More than ten thousand students and more than five hundred robots took part in the competition.

The students and their robots competed at the FIRST Championship at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. FIRST is the short way of saying the organization’s complete name：For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology.

Almost 1.700 high school teams entered a level of competition called LUNACY.

In January, the organization sent supplies for robots to each team. The teams had six weeks to build robots that could compete in the LUNACY game. The playing area had six robots, three on each team. Each robot had another vehicle, or trailer(拖车)，connected to it. The robots had to pick up 1arge balls and throw them into the trailers of opposing robots. The robots were moving on a surface where they could slide. An alliance(联盟)of teams from California，Illinois and Michigan won the LUNACY competition.

A second competition involved building a robot that could travel on uneven surfaces,move objects with unusual shapes and resist physical stress.

Another competition was for younger students，aged from 9 to 14.They had to design. build and program robots to explore the Earth’s climate.

American inventor Dean Kamen started FIRST in 1989. The organization holds robot competitions around the world. It offers programs that help young people learn more" about science，technology，engineering and mathematics，which build life skills. Many companies provide support to the organization.

Mister Kamen says the goal is about more than building robots. He says the student competitors showed they could deal with difficult technological problems.And.1le says that is good news because the world needs creative thinkers to help with increasingly complex problems in the future.

(1)The Robot Competition was organized by_________．

A．the state of Georgia

B．an organization named FIRST

C．American inventor Dean Kamen

D．some companies from California

(2)The robots in the LUNACY game are able to_______．

A．travel on uneven surfaces

B．explore the Earth’s climate

C．throw balls into the trailers

D．move objects with different shapes

(3)The main purpose of FIRST is to_______．

A．attract more companies to support them

B．help students under 8 to be interested in science

C．teach students how to build robots on the spot

D．help young people learn science as well as life skills

(4)The underlined word "that" in the last paragraph refers to

A．the goal of building robots

B．the students’ ability to deal with technological problems

C．the goal of the student competitors

D．something about technological problems

【解析】在美国的佐治亚州举办的机器人比赛吸引了来自不同国家的众多选手的参与，组织者希望通过这样的比赛提升年轻人的科学知识，培养生活技能，为未来攻克复杂问题做准备。

(1)B细节理解题。根据第二段后半部分中的内容可知机器人比赛是由—个名叫FIRST的组织举办的。

(2)C细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第三句中的内容可知这次比赛中的机器人要能够把球扔进对抗机器人的拖车中。

(3)D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句中的内容可知这个组织的主要目的是帮助年轻人学习科学和生活技能。

(4)B代词指代题。此处承接的是上一句中的内容，根据上一句后半部分中的内容可知此处that指的是学生处理技术问题的能力。

Why do men live a shorter life than women? The latest research indicates that men’s hearts going into a rapid decline when they reach middle age could be the cause.

The research of ageing on the heart has shown that women’s longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose much pumping power with age.

“We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20 percent-25 percent between 20 and 70 years of age,”said the head of the study, Samantha of Liverpool J ohn Moores University in the UK.

“Within the heart there are millions of cells which make it beat. Between the ages of 20 and 70,one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men, ”said Samantha. " This is part of the ageing process. "

What amazes scientists is that the female heart suffers very little loss of these cells. A healthy 70-year-old woman’s heart could work almost as perfectly as a 20-year-old one’s.

“This gender(性别)difference might give the reason why men live shorter than women. ” said Samantha. They studied over 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 17 and 80,who are mainly healthy persons so as to reduce the influence of disease. “The team has yet to think about why ageing suffers a greater loss on the male heart. ”said Samantha.

But there is also good news—men can enjoy the health of their hearts with regular exercise. Samantha stressed that women should also take regular exercise to stop their leg muscles getting weaker as they age.

【解析】本文介绍了一项科学研究的结果：男人比女人寿命短主要是男人的心脏细胞在20岁到70岁之间损失掉三分之一，因而心脏的能力降低了20％—25％，而女人的心脏细胞在这一年龄阶段损失得很少。

(1)B猜测词义题。根据第一段的第一句话"Why do men live a shorter life than women? "可推知"longevity"的意思足“长寿”。

(2)D主旨大意题。本文探讨了男人比女人寿命短的主要原因，那就是与心脏细胞数量的减少有关。男人的心脏细胞在20岁到70岁之间会丧失三分之一，因而心脏的能力降低了20％—25％，而女人的心脏细胞在这个年龄阶段几乎没有丧失。因此，本文的中心话题是心脏与长寿。

(3)C 细节理解题。根据第五段的第一句"What amazes scientists is that the female heart suffers very little loss of these cells”可知答案为C。

(4)C细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，男人经常进行锻炼可以拥有健康的心脏，女人经常进行锻炼可以抵制腿部的肌肉衰弱无力。因此，要想长寿，就要积极锻炼。

CHICAGO(Reuters)—Smoking not only can wrinkle(起皱纹)the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body. researchers reported on Monday.

The study，published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body—even the skin protected from the sun.

"We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced. "Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan,who led the study, said in a statement.

"In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants ag ed from 45 to 65 years, "Helfrich’s team added in their report.

The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner fight alms. They ranged in age from 22 to 9l and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person’s skin was.

When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably the face, it becomes coarse. wrinkled and discolored with a pale y ellow tint. Helfrich’s team wrote.

Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature(过早

的)skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light.

The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels(血管)beneath the skin to constrict(紧缩), reducing blood supply to the skin.

Smoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both the skin and the internal organs.

(1)When your skin is exposed to sunlight long, it becomes all of the following but______.

A. flexible

B. coarse

C. wrinkled

D. discolored

(2)How wrinkled a person’s skin is doesn’t relate to______.

A. the number of cigarettes a person smokes

B. the kind and characteristics of skin

C. how long a person smokes

D. how long skin is under sunlight

(3).From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because______________.

A. it will lower blood supply to skin

B. it can make you feel tired

C. it can make skin come off

D. it can make blood run faster

(4)The main purpose of the passage is to__________________.

A. inform people about the result of the study

B. advise people how to protect skin

C. warn people not to smoke again

D. introduce a new way of avoiding skin aging

【解析】研究表明，吸烟对皮肤的危害极大，如加快皮肤衰老，改变皮肤颜色等。才外，还会破坏结缔组织。不知种种触目惊心的研究结果是否能给广大烟民敲响警钟？

(1)A细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的内容可知当皮肤长时间暴露在阳光下时，皮肤不会变得“柔韧”。

(2)B细节理解题。文章中没有提到皮肤起皱纹的程度与皮肤的种类和特征有关。

(3)A细节理解题。倒数第三段提到抽烟会让皮肤过早衰老，下一段中提到抽烟使皮肤下的血管紧缩，减少血液对皮肤的供应，由此可知抽烟导致皮肤衰老的主要原因是降低了血液对皮肤的供应量。

(4)C 写作目的题。文章阐述了吸烟的种种危害，触目惊心，目的显然是警告人们不要再抽烟了。

Environmentalists said our planet was doomed to die. Now one man says they are wrong.

"Everyone knows the planet is in bad shape," thundered a magazine article last year. Species （物种）are being driven to die out at record rates, and the rivers are so poisonous that fish are floating on the surface, dead.