南京航空航天大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
南京航空航天大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred
to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral
move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted
me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the
manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by
claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family.
Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my
experiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tired
excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a
passionate advocate of the philosophy of have it all,preached by
Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of she magazine,
into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her Geng duo yuan
xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan
guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo
jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi much-publicized resignation
from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning
the doctrine of juggling your life,and making the alternative move
into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial
success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the
kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12-hour
working days,pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office
politics and the limitations of being a parent on quality time.
In America,the move away from juggling to a simpler,less
materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting―also known in America as voluntary simplicity―has, ironically,even bred a new area of what might be termed
anti-consumerism.There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives;there are newsletters,such as The Tightwad Gazette,that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap;there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline―after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s―and is still linked to the politics of thrift,in Britain,at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance,we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the80s,downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life―growing your own organic vegetables,and risking turning into one―as a personal recognition of your limitations.
67.Which of the following is true according to paragraph1?
[A]Full-time employment is a new international trend.
[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
[C]A lateral move means stepping out of full-time employment.
[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her
family.
68.The writer's experiment shows that downshifting________.
[A]enables her to realize her dream
[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life
[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status
[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine
69.Juggling one's life probably means living a life characterized by________.
[A]non-materialistic lifestyle
[B]a bit of everything
[C]extreme stress
[D]anti-consumerism
70.According to the passage,downshifting emerged in the US as
a result of________.
[A]the quick pace of modern life
[B]man's adventurous spirit
[C]man's search for mythical experiences
[D]the economic situation
重点单词：
lateral/5lAtErEl/（侧面的，旁边的）可看作later+al，later即单词后来，-al词后缀，后来者只能靠边站→旁边的。在文中此词用引申义，各参考书观点不尽相同，请自甄别。
curiously/5kjuEriEsli/（好奇地；奇怪地）←curious+ly；curious （好奇的；奇怪的）即curi+ous，curi关心=care（因为元音可替换），-ous
形容词后缀有……性质的，故对某事非常关心的→好奇的。It is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time that is now no more；but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.一个奇怪的事实是，在失意的日子里，我们能够生动地想起不复存在的美好时光；而在得意的时候，对苦难的日子却只留有非常淡漠而残缺的记忆。←这是德国哲学家叔本华说的，其代表作《作为意志与表象的世界》是guangxian最欣赏的哲学作品，商务印书馆出过中译本。
downshifting/5daun7FiftiN/←down+shift+ing，原义指汽车调档减速，文中指放慢生活节奏。
passionate/5pAFEnit/（充满热情的）即passion+ate，passion（激情；暴怒），-ate此作形容词后缀。A poet is,before anything else,a person who is passionately in love with language.一个诗人首先是个热爱语言的人。Death is the only pure，beautiful conclusion of a great passion.死是伟大激情的唯一纯洁与美丽的终结。Three passions,simple but overwhelmingly strong.have governed my life:the longing for love, the search for knowledge and the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.有三种情感，虽朴实却无可抗拒地主宰着我的生命：对爱的渴望，对知识的探求，以及对人类所受苦难的怜悯。Passion is in all great searches and is necessary to all creative endeavours.激情存在于一切伟大的追求中，对所有创造性的活动都是必不可少的。
preach/pri：tF/（v.鼓吹；布道）可看作pr（e）+each，pre-前缀在前，each每个，牧师走到每个人面前→布道。Preach not because you have to say something，but because you have something to say.布道不是
由于你不得不说些什么，而是由于你有些话要说。
resignation/7rezi^5neiFEn/（辞职；顺从）←resign+ation名词后缀；resign（v.辞职；顺从）←re+sign，re-前缀=away或=again，sign签署，故签署后离开→辞职，再次签署→顺从。What is called resignation is confirmed desperation.所谓顺从就是确定了的绝望。no resign oneself to being defeated不甘心于失败。
editorship/5editEFip/（编辑职务，编辑工作）←editor+ship，editor （编辑者），-ship抽象名词后缀表性质、职位、资格等，如：friendship、leadership、membership等。
doctrine/5dCktrin/（教义；学说）←doctr+ine，doctr=doctor（元音可增减），-ine名词后缀表物，故教授拿来讲授的东西→教义。参vaccine （疫苗），2003年Text2.The wisest man preaches no doctrines；he has no scheme.最大的智者不鼓吹任何学说，没有任何体系。
juggle/5dVQ^l/（n.v.杂耍）发音与沪方言对扑克牌中Jack的发音同，拿扑克牌玩杂耍（juggle），引得大家咯咯（guggle）笑，文中juggle引申为忙忙碌碌。
deadline/5dedlain/（最后期限）←dead+line.
Newsletter/5njU：z7letE/（时事通讯，简报）←news+letter.
cling-film（食品保鲜膜）←cling粘着+film薄膜。
equivalent/i5kwivElEnt/（相等的，等价的；相等物，等价物）即equi+val+ent，equi相等（如：equal相等的），val价值（如：value价值），-ent后缀。In truth，politeness is artificial good humor，it covers the natural want of it，and ends by rendering habitual a substitute nearly equivalent to the real virtue.礼貌实际上是人为的好性情，它
掩盖了它天生的不足，结果给惯于此道者提供了与真正美德几乎相当的代用品。
drop out退隐，逃避现实。
redundancy/ri5dQndEnsi/（冗余）即red+und+ancy，red-（=re-），und词根多，-ancy名词后缀，越来越（re）多→冗余。同根词：abundant （丰富的）←ab加强前缀+und多+ant形容词后缀。redundancy―an air-bag in a politician‘s car多余物-政治家汽车里的保险气袋。
thrift/Wrift/（节俭；繁荣）可记：节俭导致繁荣；thrifty（节俭的；繁荣的）←thrift+y形容词后缀。thrift→thrive（v.繁荣），类似变化的单词有theft（n.偷）→thieve（v.偷）。It is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow.节俭就是今天为明天的需要作准备。
mythical/5miWikEl/（神话的；虚构的）←myth神话+ical后缀。myth―a religion in which no one any longer believes神话-一种没有人再信仰的宗教。
recognition/7rekE^5niFEn/（n.认出，承认）是recognise（或recognize）的名词形式。Three fundamental truths without a recognition of which there can be no effective liberty：that what we believe is not necessarily true；that what we like is not necessarily good；and that all questions are open.有三条基本真理，如果不承认就不会有实在的自由：我们相信的未必真实，我们喜爱的未必美好，一切问题都无定论。The highest possible stage in moral culture is when we recognize that we ought to control thoughts.道德修养有可能达到的最高境界是认识到我们应该控制自己的思想。A celebrity is a person who works hard all his life to become known，then wears dark glasses to avoid being
recognized.所谓名人不过是这样一种人：他终生勤奋努力而致成名，然后戴上墨镜以免被别人认出。
adventurous/Ed5ventFErEs/（喜冒险的；充满危险的）←adventur （e）冒险+ous形容词后缀。A good critic is one who narrates the adventures of his mind among masterpieces.好的批评家是个讲述自己的精神在杰作中历险的人。adventure―the vitaminizing element in histories both in dividual and social冒险-个人历史和社会历史中的维生素。
难句解析：
①A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career alhough，in the manner of a disgraced government ministe，I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family。▲本句中a lateral move是主语，promoted是谓语，that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定语，although，in the manner of a disgraced government minister，I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family是状语，其中逗号之间的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入语。
△注意找准主句主谓结构。
②Curiously，some two-and-a-half years and two novels later，my experiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.▲本句主干是……my experiment……has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.
注意其谓语是一个turn sth.into sth.的结构。前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。
△注意抓句子的主干，其中主语的修饰部分in what the Americans term downshifting看不懂可以跳过去。当然，如果我们对英语的预感较好，就可以猜测downshifting一词的意思与驾驶骑车有关，在这里，作者把生活比喻为开车，因此放弃对物质生活的热衷追求就像在开车时减档减速一样。
③I have discovered，as perhaps Kelsey will after her
much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress，that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life，and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.▲I have discovered是主句的主谓结构，that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life，and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status是主句的宾语，其中abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life，and making the alternative move into downshifting为该宾语从句的主语，brings为谓语。as perhaps Kelsey will after her
much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress既是伴随状语，又是插入语，其主语为Kelsey，谓语为will，而after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress是本插入语中的时间状语。
△注意一些词汇的含义：much-publicized十分张扬的；She是杂志的名字，因此首字母须大写；build-up积聚；juggling忙碌；brings with it far greater rewards than带来的利益远远不止……。
④Downshifting―also known in America as voluntary
simplicity―has，ironically，even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism.▲本句的句子结构是Downshifting has bred a new area，破折号之间的是插入结构，ironically也是插入语，可放在句首，what相当于thought which.
△重点是抓住句子的主干成分。
⑤While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline―after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ‘80s―and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.▲本句首先应该从in Britain的前面一分为二，前面讲的是在美国的情况，其中破折号之间的是一插入成分，而后面讲的是在英国的情况。
△注意英美两国的差异。
⑥For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the‘80s，downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life―growing your own organic vegetables，and risking turning into one―as a personal recognition of your limitations.▲本句主谓结构为……downshifting in the
mid-‘90s is not……。who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s 是修饰the women of my generation的定语从句。growing your own organic vegetables，and risking turning into one既是插入语，又是the mythical good life的同位语。
△注意not so much A（a search for the mythical good life）as B（a personal recognition of your limitations）的句式含义，即与其说是A，不如说是B。
试题解析：
67.[B]意为：作者因环境所迫而辞职。
根据第一段，当作者决定辞去她的全职工作时，她从没有想到自己可能成为一个国际新时尚的一分子。作者写道，一次始料未及的行动伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我在工作上的进一步发展，使得我不得不放弃相对具有良好公众形象的工作生涯，虽然当时自己像一个出丑的政府部长一样，不得不用我想多花些时间和家人在一起这样的话来掩饰自己的辞职。
A意为：全职工作是一种新的国际时尚。第一句中所说的新时尚实际上指下文提到的激流勇退（downshifting），过简朴而无强工作压力的生活。
C意为：一次意想不到的行动指放弃全职工作。lateral原来的意思是横向的，这里意思是超出预料的，含义是没有按原设定好的进程而发生的；move意为步骤或行动。根据原文，a lateral move是作者失去工作的原因，而不是指失去工作这一过程本身。
D意为：作者太想多花点时间和家人在一起了。
68.[B]意为：使作者形成了一种新的生活哲学。
作者在第二段指出，奇怪的是，经过了约两年半的时间并发表了两部小说以后，我在美国人称之为激流勇退的生活方式上的实验，却不期将我那乏味的借口（指第一段最后一句掩饰性的话）转化为实实在在的现实。我从一个全力以赴生活哲学-在过去七年里Linda Kelsey一直在她这份杂志上鼓吹这种生活方式-的积极倡导者，演变成一个乐于随遇而安的女人。
在第三段作者又指出，像Linda Kelsey有一天也许会认识到的那样（在
经历过越来越大的压力之后，她辞去了她杂志的编辑工作，她的辞职被炒得沸沸扬扬），摒弃玩耍生活的生活哲学，而代之以激流勇退的生活哲学，会给人带来比经济上的成功和社会地位更高的益处。现在，谁也不能劝我再回到Kelsey所倡导的-并且我自己也曾经喜欢的那种生活方式中去了：一天工作12小时，充满压力的一件件有最后期限的事情，办公室规章所带来的可怕的压力，以及做母亲（所能花在家人身上）的有限的高质量时间。
A不对。新的生活方式是她始料未及的，可以说是她的意外发现-辞职时她并没有梦想要像现在这样生活。
C意为：促使她放弃了自己很高的社会地位。根据原文，作者是在辞去工作以后才过上现在这种生活的。
D意为：使她接受了她杂志所倡导的生活哲学。恰恰相反，她放弃了这一生活哲学。
69.[C]意为：极度紧张。
juggle的原义是耍弄，摆弄，在第三段中，juggling your life和downshifting相提并论，而downshifting这里应该和第二段第二句中的settle for a bit of everything属于同义，相应地，juggling one‘s life 应该和第二段第二句中的having it all同义。根据第四段，downshifting 本文指过简朴、自在的生活，那么，juggling one’s life当指进取的生活方式，工作中的不断进取当然是与工作压力成正比的。
A意为：不追求物质利益的生活方式。根据第四段第一句，这是downshifting的生活特点。
B不对。根据第二段，这也是downshifting的生活特点。
D意为：反消费主义。根据第四段第二句，所谓反消费主义与自愿过简朴的生活是一致的。
70.[D]
根据第五段，在美国，这种趋势（指上一段提到的downshifting生活方式）的出现最初是对经济衰退的一种反应。
A意为：快节奏的现代生活。
B意为：人们的冒险精神。
C意为；人们对神秘的生活体验的追求。
全文翻译：
当我决定辞去自己的全日制工作时决没有想到，自己竟成了一种新的国际性潮流的一分子。一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业，当然，就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样，我也掩饰说我只想与家人更多的呆在一起。
奇怪的是，大约两年半的时间我写完两部小说后，我这个被美国人称为放慢生活节奏的试验，却使我老掉牙的借口变成了现实。我已从一个获得一切哲学（琳达。凯茜过去七年中在《她》这本杂志所宣扬的）的狂热支持者，变成了一个乐于接受任何东西只要一丁点的女人。
我已经发现（由于压力过大，凯茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务，在这之后她也许会有同样发现），放弃忙忙碌碌的生活哲学，转而过一种放慢生活节奏的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。什么也说服不了我回到过去那种凯茜所宣扬的、我也曾自得其乐的生活中去：每天12小时的工作日，压得人喘不过气来的最后期限，可怕而紧张的办公室的争权夺利，以及因为时间有限连做母亲也得高效率所造成的种种限制。
在美国，摆脱忙碌，转而过一种简单、不大物质化的生活已成明确趋势。具有讽刺意味的是，放慢生活节奏-在美国也称自愿简单化-甚至孕育了一个
崭新的、可称之为反消费主义的生活方式。对于那些想简单生活的人来说，有许多很畅销的帮你轻松生活的自助书籍；有各种简讯，例如省钱简报，会给美国人提供成千上万条有用的点子去做事，从回收保鲜腊到自制肥皂；甚至还有一些帮助团体，帮人按90年代中期脱离传统社会的人的生活方式去生活。
在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应-出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模所引起的大量人员冗余之后-在英国，至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中，这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联，虽然如此，然而我们有着不同的缘由去寻求使自己的生活简单化。
对我们这一代女性来说，整个80年代我们曾被迫忙碌地生活，90年代中期的简化生活与其说是寻求神话般的好生活-自己种有机蔬菜以及冒险制造有机蔬菜-倒不如说我们都认识了自身的局限。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析
西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析 I.In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET,(15points) EXAMPLE: I was caught_the rain yesterday. A.in B.by C.with D.at ANSWER:(A) l.Those two families have been quarrelling__each other for many years. A.to B.between C.against D.with 2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared___ A.in B.with C.among D.by 3."How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another."Oh,__times,I guess,"was the reply. A.hundred of B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred 4.Give me your telephone number__I need your help. A.whether B.unless C.so that D.in case 5.You sang well last night.We hope you'll sing__. A.more better B.still better C.nicely D.best 6.Those people__a general understanding of the present situation. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0e16410303.html,ck of B.are lacking of https://www.360docs.net/doc/0e16410303.html,ck D.are in lack 7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，
华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic
2012年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center. 1. It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the ______ way the store was organized. A. logical B. haphazard C. orderly D. tidy 【答案】B 【解析】句意：由于店铺东西摆放杂乱无章，干活时找寻所需东西相当困难。haphazard 随意的；无计划的；胡乱的。orderly整齐的；有组织的。 2. Mississippi also upholds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm, hospitable people; balmy year-round weather; and truly ______ cuisine. A. destructive B. horrible
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题 1. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds from armaments to health and education. A. derive B. deprive C. dispatch D. divert 2. To fund the event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD). A. beneficent B. expensive C. costly D. luxurious 3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. A. outdone B. outweighed C. outrun D. outrivaled 4. With the economy of the country going strong, the mood is optimism. A. presiding B. circulating C. floating D. prevailing 5. The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking their in the jungle after dark. A. victim B. favorite C. prey D. sacrifice 6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to its 90,000-person workforce into independent micro teams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions. A. break out 、 B. break off C. break from D. break down 7. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and by its decisions. A. stand B. observe C. abide D. precede 8. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very . A. obscure B. indefinite C. dubious D. intriguing 9. Please don’t too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.
2012四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解
四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解 阅读 1）Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（C） 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language（C） 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language（B）
2011北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析
Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、
清华大学考博历年真题常用词汇集锦
清华大学考博历年真题常用词汇集锦 EM-,EN-,IM-,IN-in,upon 进入,在上 字首em,en,im,in是英文重要的构词成分.共有四种拼法,em与en 源自希腊文的副词与介系词,im与in来自拉丁文的介系词,有in,within,upon之意.所接的字根第一个音,若是p,b,m三个双唇音之一,则拼作em或im,以双唇音接双唇音,方便发音,如embargo n.[禁止入港],empirical a.[经验上的],impart v.[传授,告知]等字均是.字根的第一个音若不在双唇音之列,则拼成en或in,如enamor v.[迷住],incise v.[切开,雕]等等. embargo禁止入港,禁止,阻碍 embark乘船;从事,著手 embarrass使困窘,使局促不安 embed嵌入,深植 embellish美化,装饰 emblem象徵,徽章 embody具体表现,编入 embrace拥抱,包含,接受 embroil使混乱 empathy共感,神入 emphasize强调 empirical实验上的 employ雇用,利用,使用 empower授权与 enact演出 enamor迷住 encase纳入套内,纳入箱内 enchant使迷住,迷惑 enclave被包领土 enclose围绕 encompass包围 encounter邂逅,遭遇 encourage鼓励,激励 encroach侵占,侵入 endeavor努力 endemic某地特有的
endorse背书;赞同 endow赋与 endure忍受,忍耐,持久 energy精力,活力 enfold围绕,笼罩,包封 enforce加强,力劝,迫使 engage从事,忙於 engender酿成,产生 engrave刻,铭记(於心) enhance增加,提高 enjoin命令,禁止 enjoy欢喜,享受 enlist服役,从军 enrage激怒,使暴怒 enrapture使狂喜 enrich使丰富,充实,装饰 enroll入学,登记,入伍 enshrine奉祀於庙堂中,奉为神圣enshroud覆盖,遮蔽 enslave奴役 ensnare诱入陷阱 ensure保证 entangle使困惑,使陷入 enthrall迷住 entice吸引,引诱 entitle给与名称,使有资格,使有权利entrance使出神,使神魂颠倒 entreat恳求 entrench挖壕沟以保护,确立 entrust交托 envelop包围,围绕 environment环境 environs周围,郊外 envisage想像,设想 envision拟想(未来) envoy使者
哈工大考博英语真题及答案
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein
清华大学日语语言文学专业考博考试重点-育明考博
清华大学日语语言文学专业考博复习资料参考书-育明考博 一、清华大学人文学院日语语言文学考博内容分析（育明考博辅导中心) 专业方向招生人数初试内容 复试内容050200外国语言文学日语语言文学 约1人①101英语、102俄语、104德 语、105法语 ②848日语语言文学501综合考试育明考博辅导中心张老师解析： 1、清华大学人文学院日语语言文学考博的报录比平均在5:1左右（竞争较激烈） 2、本专业有两位导师：隽雪艳、王成 3、同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和自然辩证法。 4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。 5、清华大学考博初试外语中不含听力。 6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。 育明教育考博分校针对清华大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。 （清华大学人文学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：772678537） 二、清华大学人文学院外国语言文学专业历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心） 育明考博辅导中心张老师解析： 1、人文学院外国语言文学专业共有6个研究方向，各研究方向之间报录比差别还是比较大的。 2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。 3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。年份 录取成绩要求复试人数/招生人数2014年外语50分、专业课50分 综合考试60分 12人/9人（不包括骨干计划）2015年外语50分、专业课50分 综合考试60分15人/11人（不包括骨干计划）
2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%) Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. 1.Mo Yan is_____as one of China’s most talented writers. A.acclaimed B.claimed C.blamed D.studied 【答案】B 【解析】句意：莫言被称为中国最有才华的作家之一。be claimed as意为“被称为”，符合句意，故选B项。 2.There has been no twentieth-century anthropologist more_____or more controversial than Margaret Mead. A.imaginative B.hard-working C.celebrated D.strong-minded 【答案】C 【解析】句意：20世纪的人类学家中没有谁比玛格丽特·米德更著名或者说更有争议。备受争议从侧面说明了她比较出名，celebrated“著名的，有名望的”符合句意。故选C项。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/0e16410303.html,munication satellites transmit information more_____than do ordinary shortwave radios. A.conveniently B.reliably C.accessibly D.concisely 【答案】B 【解析】句意：通讯卫星比普通的短波无线电通讯传送信息更加可靠。reliably可靠地。conveniently便利地，合宜的。accessibly可接近地，可得到地。concisely简洁地。这里强
北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析
北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles, birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now. 41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that, apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate. 42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. 43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were covered
2007年清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解
清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试 英语试题 Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略） Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%) Directions ：There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfin?ished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A，B, C and D* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage： Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generating ever-increasing a- mounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increased dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expan?ding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)* When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range. Take，for example，Wal-Mart Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today，however, the equation is completely different~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores，and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world?s largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy. Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago，in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share；squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line In?vestment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2. 16 (a rise of 54% )，the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300% )，and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的）has actually decreased,from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the company's share repurchase program. 16. This passage is probably a part of ? A. Find Hidden Value in the Market B. Become Richer C. Get Good Bargains D. Identify Good Companies 17. The italicized word“ stagnant?，(line 3，Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ? A. prominent B. terrible C. unchanged D. progressing Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because . A. it has stored a large quantity of goods B. it has become financially more powerful C. it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcy