earthquake01063
earthquake
EarthquakeA 9.0-magnitude earthquake hit the Pacific coastal areas of northeastern and eastern Japan on March 11, triggering enormous tsunami. Heavy casualties and extensive damage have been caused by the twin disasters. The National Police Agency said, on 31st Mar, that the catastrophic earthquake and ensuing tsunami have left 11,063 people dead and 17,258 others unaccounted for in Japan by 10:00 am local time.I felt sorrowful when I heard about the bad news. Why there were so many disasters in the world? I looked up some files about the top worst earthquakes in the past ten years from internet. And some earthquakes even came with tsunamis. It was said that 300, 00 of people died in 2004 as a result of the earthquake and tsunami happened in Indonesia. Also in 2008, another big earthquake happened in China, and more than 7,000 passed away.What is an earthquake? An earthquake is a tremor of the earth's surface usually triggered by the release of underground stress along fault lines. This release causes movement in masses of rock and resulting shock waves. In spite of extensive research and sophisticated equipment, it is impossible to predict an earthquake, although experts can estimate the likelihood of an earthquake occurring in a particular region.There are several earthquake magnitudes. Some earthquakes are too small to be felt but can cause movement of the earth, opening up holes and displacing rocks. Shock waves from a very powerful earthquake can triggersmaller quakes hundreds of miles away from the epicenter. Approximately 1,000 earthquakes measuring 5.0 and above occur yearly. Earthquakes of the greatest intensity happen about once a year and major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) occur about 18 times a year. Strong earthquakes (6.0-6.9) occur about 10 times a month and moderate earthquakes (5.0-5.9) happen more than twice daily. Most earthquakes are not even noticed by the general public, since they happen either under the ocean or in unpopulated areas. Sometimes an earthquake under the ocean can be so severe; it will cause a tsunami, responsible for far greater damage.The greatest danger of an earthquake comes from falling buildings and structures and flying glass, stones and other objects. What can you do if you live in an earthquake-prone area? What can we do to protect ourselves from being hurt? Here are some steps that can be taken to minimize risks which searched from internet.Before an earthquake: Affix bookcases, cabinets, refrigerators and furniture to the walls; Fit cabinets with "childproof locks," so doors will remain closed and items won't fly out.Have a family evacuation plan including phone numbers and a safe place to which to evacuate. Establish escape routes from each room in the house. Have a backpack prepared and attached to the bed, containing shoes, a flashlight and batteries, keys, money, first-aid supplies and medicines, a knife, food, water, ID and insurance information. Keep shoes next to your bed, soyou can put them on as soon as a quake begins.During an earthquake: If you are indoors, find a secure location to wait out the quake, such as under a heavy table or desk or in an interior hallway where you can brace yourself between two walls. Doorways are among the safest places to stand, thanks to the strong beams overhead. However, watch out for swinging doors. Stay away from windows.If you are outdoors, try to get into an open area, away from falling buildings, power lines, trees, etc. Do NOT use your automobile unless there is an emergency. If you are in your car, pull over to the side, away from power lines and overpasses, and stay inside the car until the shaking has subsided.In beach place: So long as under the cliff cannot the suitable security, but because the tsunami follows the earthquake but to come frequently, therefore after vibrates stops leaving the beach as soon as possible to the higher open field shift. The aftershock risk did not like the tsunami to be so fearful.Keep these drills in mind to enhance our ability to stay safe and protected and learn how to avoid accidental injuries.What should we do after disaster?To live with a smileThat is the message Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao left with a Japanese family that lost almost all of its possessions in the devastating March earthquake and tsunami. It is also the message from which we should get.As a parting gift, the premier left paper cranes with some children shelteringin a primary school. The cranes were folded by Chinese children from Wenchuan, Sichuan, a city that was devastated by a huge earthquake three years ago."Disasters can destroy homes, but they cannot destroy the spirit of the people."5.12 is a special day for our Chinese as mourn for fatal victims of Wenchuan quake. The quake has probably cast a darker shadow over the lives of person, especially those who became disabled in the quake. The government promised that living conditions and the level of economic and social development in quake-hit areas would reach or surpass that prior to the disaster. However, they still have a long way to go before achieving a full recovery.That’s all that I want to say. Cheer up and keep on going. You have our whole-hearted benediction.进入20世纪以来，地球上灾难频发，每一次灾难都给人们带来了巨大的伤痛。
汶川余震序列北川以北段的震源分布特性与破裂复杂性研究
汶川余震序列北川以北段的震源分布特性与破裂复杂性研究吕坚;王晓山;苗春兰;苏金蓉;靳玉科【期刊名称】《大地测量与地球动力学》【年(卷),期】2012(032)005【摘要】On the basis of precise locations of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence by using the HYPODD method, the focal mechanisms of the aftershocks (M≥5.0) occurred on the Longmenshan fault zone north to Bei-chuan were inversed by using the CAP method and the characteristics of hypocenter distribution and rupture complexity of strong aftershocks are discussed. The results are that the focal depth of Wenchuan aftershock sequence decreased gradually from Yingxiu of Wenchuan to Nanba of Pingwu along Longmen Shan fault zone, which beyondrn the segment boundary located in Beichuan, and the epicenters were distributed along the Yingxiu-Beichuan-Nanba coseismic surface rupture zone in the Central Fault. The aftershock sequence was characterized as less secondary segmented activity in Central Fault Zone north to Beichuan. The aftershocks (M≥5. 5) were occurred on the end, transition or dislocation of the aftershocks zone. According to the focal mechanism, four of the seven stronger aftershocks are thrust and the others are strike-slip, it may suggest that the process of the aftershock activity was related to the Beichuan-Qingchuan Fault, Pingwu-Qingchuan Fault etc.%在采用HYPODD 方法对汶川地震序列精确定位的基础上,利用CAP方法反演了龙门山断裂带北川以北段5级以上余震的震源机制解,讨论了该段的震源分布特征和强余震的破裂复杂性.结果显示,汶川余震序列的震源深度沿龙门山断裂带走向从汶川映秀至平武南坝有逐渐变浅的趋势,且震中沿映秀-北川-南坝地震地表破裂带分布；在该断裂带的北川以北段,余震序列具有更次级的分段活动特点,5.5级以上强余震发生在余震带走向的端部或者拐折、错位的部位；7次5.5级以上强余震中有4次以逆冲破裂为主,3次以走滑破裂为主,可能是北川-青川断裂、平武-青川等4条断裂参与了余震活动过程.【总页数】6页(P17-21,26)【作者】吕坚;王晓山;苗春兰;苏金蓉;靳玉科【作者单位】江西省地震局,南昌330039;河北省地震局,石家庄050021;中国地震台网中心,北京100045;四川省地震局,成都610041;山西省地震局,太原030021【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P315.63【相关文献】1.2000年1月15日姚安6.5级地震余震序列震源机制解与震源区应力场分析 [J], 王曰风;张秀萍;王志敏;郑毅;张广莉;李峰;马佳2.2008年汶川Ms8.0地震北川以北段地表破裂变形的主要样式 [J], 李传友;魏占玉3.汶川Ms 8.0地震地表破裂带北川以北段的基本特征 [J], 李传友;马保起;任俊杰;叶建青;谢富仁;郑文俊;韩用兵;刘玉法;王伟涛;魏占玉;赵冬4.2001年云南永胜6.0级地震余震序列震源机制解与震源区应力场分析 [J], 王曰风;刁桂苓;张秀萍;张彦清;朱振兴;马利军5.汶川8.0级地震及其余震序列震源机制解分析 [J], 崔效锋;宁杰远;胡幸平;俞春泉;陶开因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
英语演讲PPT-地震
里氏8.5级
里氏8.0级
B E N E F I T S
1.A variety of mountains and rivers
（奇山异水）
the severe movement of the crust （地
壳）
raise up block mountains (断层山) sink down warped lakes（凹陷湖）
Impacts on human life
Damages Benefits
specific damages
Now let's look ......
The destruction
of buildings
Ground damages
Tsunamis Undersea earthquakes
2、Abundant mineral resources
the relative motion of the crust （地壳） up to the surface of the earth for human exploration facilitated multi-metal ore （成矿）belt
Secondary disaster
Fire Floods Gas leak Plague
Sometimes, secondary disaster cause bigger casualties and losses than which were coursed by direct disaster.
（石油）
Building reinforcement
Goal: no damage under frequent earthquake , repairable damages under basic earthquake and no collapse under rare earthquake.
工程英语(地震篇)
地震活动性参数估计 地震基本烈度复核 地震监测 地震监测设施 地震监测台网 地震间接经济损失 地震紧急应急措施 地震经济损失 地震救助技术 地震勘探 地震勘探法 地震力 地震烈度 地震烈度表 地震烈度评定 地震烈度区划图 地震模拟振动台 地震目录 地震能量耗散 地震能量吸收 地震破坏率 地震前兆 地震区划 地震人员伤亡 地震社会影响 地震时空不均匀性 地震速报 地震台 地震探测（勘探） 地震危害分析 地震危险区（划） 地震危险性 地震危险性分析
coefficient of seismic action effect magnifying coefficient of seismic action effect
seismicity parameter estimation checking of basic seismic intensity earthquake monitoring facility for earthquake monitoring earthquake monitoring network indirect economic loss due to earthquake urgent measure for earthquake emergency economic loss due to earthquake rescue technology for earthquake hazard seismic prospecting seismic method of exploration (prospecting) seismic force earthquake intensity earthquake intensity scale rating of seismic intensity map of seismic intensity zone earthquake simulation shaking table earthquake catalogue seismic energy dissipation seismic energy absorption earthquake damage ratio earthquake precursor seismic zoning earthquake casualty social effect due to earthquake time and space inhomogeneity rapid earthquake information report seismic array seismic exploration seismic risk analysis earthquake hazardous zone seismic hazard seismic hazard analysis, seismic hazard evaluation
地震预警范文
地震预警范文（中英文实用版）Title: Earthquake Early Warning ExampleEnglish:The ability to predict earthquakes has long been a topic of interest and research for scientists around the world.While it is currently not possible to accurately predict when and where an earthquake will occur, there are systems in place that can provide warnings seconds to minutes before the arrival of seismic waves.One such system is the Seismic Warning System (SWS), which is currently operational in certain regions.中文:地震预测的能力长期以来一直是全球科学家们关注和研究的话题。
尽管目前还无法准确预测地震何时何地发生，但已经有一些系统可以在大约几秒到几分钟内预警地震波的到来。
这样一个系统就是地震预警系统（SWS），目前在某些地区已经投入使用。
English:The SWS works by detecting the initial energy released by an earthquake, known as the P-wave, which travels faster than the more destructive S-waves and surface waves.When the P-wave is detected, the system calculates the likely epicenter and sends out an alert to the affected area.This alert can be received by various devices, includingmobile phones, television sets, and public address systems, providing residents with precious seconds to prepare and seek safety.中文:地震预警系统（SWS）是通过探测地震释放的初始能量，也就是P波，它比更具有破坏性的S波和表面波传播得快。
地震预警提前多长时间预报有效 英语小作文
地震预警提前多长时间预报有效英语小作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1How Much Warning Time is Effective for Earthquake Early Warnings?Hi there! My name is Samantha and I'm in 5th grade. Today I want to talk to you about earthquake early warning systems and how much warning time is actually useful. It's a fascinating topic that combines science, technology, and helping keep people safe.We all know earthquakes can be really scary and dangerous. The ground shakes violently, buildings can collapse, fires might start, and people can get seriously hurt or worse. But did you know that scientists have developed systems that can detect an earthquake is coming a little bit before the shaking arrives at your location? It's like having a miniature crystal ball to slightly predict the future!These earthquake early warning (EEW) systems use sensors placed all around earthquake-prone regions. When an earthquake starts, the initial shaking sends out two types ofwaves through the earth. The first are called primary or P-waves, which travel the fastest. The sensors can pickup these P-waves and realize "Oh no, an earthquake is happening!" A few seconds later, the stronger and more damaging secondary or S-waves arrive.By quickly analyzing the P-wave data, computers can estimate things like how big the quake will be and which areas will be impacted the most. Then they can send out alerts to televisions, phones, sirens, and other warning systems. This gives people a heads up, maybe 10-60 seconds before the real shaking hits their area. It doesn't sound like much, but that short window can be extremely valuable!Imagine you're at school when the earthquake warning comes. You'd have time to get under your desk and cover your head to protect yourself from falling objects. Or if you're outside, you could quickly move away from any old buildings that might crumble. Businesses could stop assembly lines or other dangerous operations. Surgeons could stop in the middle of delicate procedures. Firefighters, police, and ambulances could get ready to respond. Things like that, all because of maybe half a minute of warning!The alerts also let transportation systems like trains, metros, and airports stop and avoid terrible accidents from an earthquake hitting when they're moving at high speeds. Utility companies can start slowing down processes at power plants, oil refineries, and other critical infrastructure sites to prevent fires, explosions, or spills during shaking. Nuclear power plants would have enough warning to execute emergency shutdown procedures. Essentially, that tiny bit of time gives a chance to get to safety and prevent lots of damage and injuries.But even 10-20 seconds is better than nothing! You might not have enough time to evacuate a building, but you could still drop, cover, and hold on. It's kind of like when a tornado siren goes off - you take shelter right away rather than trying to drive somewhere safer since the warning time is so short. With earthquakes, the key advantage is not being completely caught off guard by the violent shaking. Just a little bit of warning can help save lives.Now warnings of only a few seconds wouldn't do much good, in my opinion. By the time you hear it and process what's happening, the shaking has probably already started. Maybe it could still help some industrial processes stop quickly, but for people it would almost be too late.The amazing thing is that scientists are always working to improve the technology and software that runs these warning systems. The more monitoring stations placed around faults, the better the detection capability. Faster computers and data networks help send out alerts rapidly. New algorithms analyze the signals better to make accurate predictions faster. Special apps and alert systems ensure people get the warnings on their phones or TVs as quickly as possible. It's a constant effort to gain a few more precious seconds of warning time!Scientists are still studying exactly how much advanced notice is needed for different situations, locations, and types of buildings. But from my perspective as a kid, I'm just glad this amazing technology exists to help protect my family, friends, and community better than ever before. Every second of warning counts when an earthquake strikes!篇2Earthquake Early Warning - How Much Time in Advance is a Prediction Valid?Hello everyone! Today, I want to talk about something very important and fascinating – earthquake early warning. Have you ever wondered how scientists can actually predict earthquakes?And how much time in advance can they give us a warning? Let's find out!An earthquake is a natural disaster that happens when the Earth's crust shakes. It can be really scary and dangerous, so it's essential to know when one might happen. Scientists use special instruments called seismometers to measure the shaking of the Earth's crust. These instruments are placed in different locations around the world to help detect earthquakes.Now, let's talk about earthquake early warning. Scientists have developed a system that can detect the first signs of an earthquake and send a warning message to people in affected areas. This warning message can give us precious time to prepare and take necessary actions to keep ourselves safe.But how much time in advance can we get a warning? Well, it depends on how far away we are from the epicenter of the earthquake. The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above where the earthquake starts. If we are close to the epicenter, the warning time might be very short, maybe just a few seconds. That's why it's important to know what to do when we feel the ground shaking.However, if we are further away from the epicenter, the warning time can be longer. It could be a few seconds, minutes,or even hours. The time depends on how fast the earthquake waves travel through the Earth. These waves move at different speeds, so scientists can estimate how much time we have before the shaking reaches us.In some cases, the earthquake early warning system can give us enough time to evacuate buildings, turn off gas and electricity, and take cover under a sturdy table or desk. This can help protect us from falling objects and collapsing structures. It's important to listen to the warning message and follow the instructions given by local authorities.Scientists are continuously working to improve the earthquake early warning system. They are developing new technologies and methods to detect earthquakes even faster and more accurately. This way, they hope to provide longer warning times and save more lives.In conclusion, earthquake early warning is an amazing system that can give us some time to prepare when an earthquake is about to happen. How much time in advance we get a warning depends on our distance from the epicenter. It could be just a few seconds or even hours. Remember to stay calm, listen to the warning message, and take necessary actions to keep yourself safe.I hope you found this information interesting! Stay curious and keep learning about the fascinating world of science.篇3Earthquake Early Warning: How Much Time Do We Have?Hi everyone! Today, I want to talk about something very important and interesting - earthquake early warning! Have you ever wondered how much time we can get to prepare before an earthquake hits? Let's find out!An earthquake is a powerful and sudden shaking of the ground. It can be really scary and dangerous. That's why scientists have been working hard to develop a system called earthquake early warning (EEW). EEW is designed to give us a heads-up before an earthquake strikes, so we can stay safe.But, how does it work? Well, scientists use special sensors called seismometers to detect the first waves of an earthquake. These sensors are placed in different locations and can feel the shaking of the ground. When the seismometers sense the first waves, they send signals to a central station where computers analyze the data.Based on the analysis, the EEW system can estimate the size and location of the earthquake. It can also calculate how much time we have before the stronger shaking arrives. Isn't that amazing?Now, you may wonder, how much time do we actually have? Well, it depends on how far we are from the earthquake's epicenter. The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above where the earthquake starts. If we are closer to the epicenter, we will feel the shaking sooner and have less time to prepare. But if we are farther away, we can get more warning time.In general, EEW systems can provide a few seconds to even a couple of minutes of warning before the strong shaking begins. It may not sound like a lot of time, but it can make a big difference! Those few seconds or minutes can give us enough time to take cover, move to a safer place, or turn off gas and electricity to prevent fires and other accidents.Even though EEW can't predict earthquakes, it can give us valuable time to protect ourselves and minimize the damage. It's like a superhero alarm that warns us before danger strikes!Remember, it's important to stay calm when we receive an earthquake warning. We should listen to the instructions fromadults or teachers and follow the safety procedures. Practice earthquake drills at school and at home, so we know what to do when the shaking starts.In conclusion, earthquake early warning is an amazing technology that can give us a heads-up before an earthquake hits. The amount of time we have depends on how far we are from the epicenter. Even a few seconds or minutes can help us stay safe and protect ourselves. So, let's stay informed, prepared, and be ready to act when the earthquake early warning sounds!I hope you enjoyed learning about earthquake early warning. Stay curious and keep learning, my young friends!篇4Earthquake Early Warning: How Much Time Do We Get?Hi there, my curious friends! Today, I want to talk to you about something fascinating and important: earthquake early warning! Have you ever wondered how much time we can get to prepare ourselves when an earthquake is about to happen? Well, let's find out!Earthquakes are powerful and scary natural disasters that can cause a lot of damage. But did you know that scientists havedeveloped a system called earthquake early warning (EEW) to help us get ready for them? This amazing technology can give us a few precious seconds or even minutes of warning before the shaking starts.So, how does it work? EEW systems use special sensors called seismometers that can detect the shaking caused by an earthquake. These sensors are placed in different locations and connected to a central computer. When an earthquake occurs, the sensors send signals to the computer, which quickly analyzes the data and determines the earthquake's size and location.Once the computer knows about the earthquake, it sends out warning signals to different places through various communication methods like cell phones, sirens, and even television and radio broadcasts. These warnings can reach people who are farther away from the epicenter, giving them extra time to take cover and protect themselves.Now, you might be wondering, "How much time do we actually get?" Well, it depends on several factors like the distance from the epicenter and the speed of the earthquake waves. In general, if you are close to the epicenter, you might get only a few seconds of warning. But if you are farther away, you could get several seconds, or even minutes, of advance notice.You might be thinking, "What can I do with just a few seconds or minutes?" Well, my friends, even a little bit of time can make a big difference! In those precious moments, you can quickly find a safe spot, like under a sturdy table or desk, away from windows or heavy objects that might fall. You can also alert others around you and help them find a safe place too.Remember, it's important to stay calm and not panic when you receive an earthquake warning. Listen to the instructions given by adults or follow the guidelines provided by your school or community. Practice earthquake drills regularly, so you know exactly what to do when the warning comes.Although earthquake early warning systems are incredible, they are not perfect. Sometimes, earthquakes can happen so fast that there is little or no warning at all. That's why it's crucial to always be prepared and know what to do in an earthquake situation.In conclusion, earthquake early warning systems can give us a valuable heads-up before the shaking starts. The amount of time we get depends on various factors, but even a few seconds or minutes can help us take cover and stay safe. Remember, it's essential to stay calm, follow instructions, and practice earthquake drills. With knowledge and preparation, we can faceearthquakes with confidence and keep ourselves and others protected.Take care, my friends, and stay safe!篇5Earthquake Early Warning: How Much Time Does It Give Us?Hey there! Have you ever wondered how scientists can predict earthquakes and give us a warning before they happen? It's pretty amazing, right? Well, today, I'm going to tell you all about earthquake early warning and how much time it gives us to prepare.First things first, let's talk about what an earthquake is. An earthquake occurs when the Earth's crust, which is made up of huge pieces called tectonic plates, suddenly moves. This movement can cause the ground to shake, buildings to collapse, and even tsunamis to form. That's why it's crucial to have a warning system in place to keep us safe.Earthquake early warning systems work by using special sensors called seismometers. These sensors are placed in different locations and can detect the shaking caused by an earthquake. When an earthquake occurs, the seismometers sendsignals to a central computer that analyzes the data and calculates the magnitude and location of the earthquake.Now, let's get to the exciting part – how much time does earthquake early warning give us? Well, it depends on how far we are from the epicenter of the earthquake. The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above where the earthquake starts. If we are close to the epicenter, we might not have much time to react. But if we are farther away, we can get a few seconds, or even minutes, of warning before the shaking reaches us.You might be thinking, "What can we do in just a few seconds or minutes?" Well, my friend, even a few seconds can make a big difference. During that time, we can quickly take cover under a sturdy table, move away from windows or heavy objects, and stay away from things that could fall on us. These simple actions can help us avoid getting hurt during an earthquake.But it's not just about protecting ourselves. Earthquake early warning systems also give us time to take important safety measures on a larger scale. For example, hospitals can prepare for an influx of patients, trains can be slowed down or stopped,and gas lines can be shut off to prevent fires. These actions can save lives and minimize the damage caused by earthquakes.It's important to remember that earthquake early warning systems are not perfect. Sometimes, they might give false alarms or not detect smaller earthquakes. However, scientists are constantly working to improve these systems and make them more accurate.In conclusion, earthquake early warning systems can provide us with valuable time to prepare and take necessary actions when an earthquake is about to strike. Even though the amount of time we get varies depending on our distance from the epicenter, every second counts when it comes to our safety. So, let's stay informed, listen to the warnings, and be ready to protect ourselves and others when the ground starts to shake.I hope you found this information helpful and interesting. Stay safe, my friends, and keep exploring the wonders of our incredible planet!篇6Earthquake Early Warning: How Much Time Do We Have?Hello everyone! Today, I want to talk about something really important and fascinating: earthquake early warning. Have you ever wondered how much time we can get before an earthquake strikes? Let's find out!Earthquakes are powerful and scary natural disasters that can cause a lot of damage. But did you know that scientists have developed a system called earthquake early warning? This amazing system can give us some time to prepare before an earthquake happens.So, how does earthquake early warning work? Well, it all starts with special sensors called seismometers. These seismometers are placed in different locations to detect the shaking of the ground. When an earthquake starts, the seismometers can quickly send signals to a central computer.The central computer analyzes the signals and calculates how far away the earthquake is and how strong it might be. Based on this information, it sends out warnings to people in the affected areas. These warnings can be sent through mobile phones, TV, or even sirens in some places.Now, you might be wondering, how much time do we actually have? Well, the amount of time depends on how far away we are from the epicenter of the earthquake. The epicenteris the point on the Earth's surface directly above where the earthquake starts. If we are closer to the epicenter, we will have less time to react.In general, earthquake early warning systems can provide a few seconds to a couple of minutes of advance notice. It might not sound like a lot, but even a few seconds can make a big difference! It can give us time to take cover, turn off gas or electricity, or move to a safer location.For example, if you are in a classroom and suddenly receive an earthquake warning, you can quickly get under your desk and protect yourself. Or if you are at home, you can unplug any electrical devices and move away from windows or heavy furniture.Remember, it's important to stay calm during an earthquake and follow the instructions given in the early warning. The more prepared we are, the safer we can be.In some places, scientists and engineers are working hard to improve earthquake early warning systems. They are constantly researching and finding ways to make the warnings even more accurate and provide more time. It's truly amazing how technology can help us be better prepared for natural disasters like earthquakes.So, my friends, always remember that every second counts when it comes to earthquakes. Even a few seconds of advance warning can save lives and reduce damage. Let's stay informed, be prepared, and stay safe!I hope you found this information helpful and interesting. Stay curious and keep learning!Word count: 431 words。
Earthquake
Do you know what would happen before an earthquake? What can we do to keep ourselves safe from an earthquake?
What do you think may happen before an earthquake?
3.Chickens and pigs
4.Mice 5.Fish
6.Bright lights and the could be seen and heard sound of planes cracked and burst 7.The water pipes
Discussion:
1.Why do we say it was “A Night the Didn’t Sleep”? Earth
We should hide under something like a table to protect ourselves from things falling on top of us.
earthquake课件
earthquake课件地震是一种自然灾害，经常给人们的生活带来巨大的破坏和伤害。
在地球的表面，地壳由许多板块组成，这些板块不断地在移动和相互碰撞。
当板块之间的压力积累到一定程度时，就会发生地震。
地震是一种突然而猛烈的地壳震动现象，它通常由地震震源中的岩石断裂引起。
地震的能量以地震波的形式传播，这些波能够在地球内部和表面传播。
地震波可以分为P波、S波和表面波。
P波是最快传播的波，它是一种纵波，可以穿过液体、气体和固体。
S波是横波，只能穿过固体，传播速度较慢。
表面波是地震波中最慢的一种，它在地表上产生较大的摇晃。
地震的破坏力取决于许多因素，包括震源的深度、震级和震中距离等。
震源深度较浅的地震通常会造成较大的破坏，因为震波更容易传播到地表。
震级是用来衡量地震能量大小的指标，通常使用里氏震级或地震矩震级来表示。
震中距离是指地震震源到观测点的距离，距离越近，震感越强。
地震对人类社会造成的破坏是巨大的。
它可以引发建筑物的倒塌、道路的破裂和桥梁的坍塌。
此外，地震还可能导致火灾、洪水和土壤液化等次生灾害。
地震还可能破坏水、电和通信设施，使得救援工作更加困难。
为了减少地震带来的破坏，人们采取了各种措施。
首先，建筑物的设计和建造需要考虑地震的影响。
强震区的建筑物通常需要加固，以增加其抗震能力。
其次，人们还开发了地震预警系统，可以提前几秒或几分钟发出警报，让人们有时间采取逃生措施。
此外，人们还进行了地震演练和宣传教育，以提高公众的地震安全意识。
地震不仅对人类社会造成了破坏，还对地球的内部结构和演化产生了重要影响。
通过研究地震波的传播路径和速度，科学家可以了解地球内部的构造和物质性质。
地震还可以提供有关板块运动和地壳变形的信息，有助于研究地球的动力学和地质演化。
总之，地震是一种具有巨大破坏力的自然现象。
它不仅对人类社会造成了巨大的伤害，还对地球的内部结构和演化产生了重要影响。
为了减少地震带来的破坏，人们需要采取各种措施，包括建筑物设计和建造、地震预警系统的开发以及公众教育等。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
earthquake01063
Earthquakes shook the whole world in
▪ In Haiti, on January, 12, 2010 ▪ In China, on April, 14, 2010 ▪ In Chile，on February 27, 2010
Haiti earthquake
Hope , the best of things, never dies. It is rooted in our mind because of love, because of selflessness
Haiti
Foraign rescue team
The life still goes on
Earthquake in Haiti
After earthquake
Before earthquake
Struggle for survival ! in this situation the only hope is survival.
The earthquake approximately killed
The dead
A Tibetan monk（和尚） stands beside hundreds of dead bodies wrapped in cloth at Gyegu Monastery(寺院) in the earthquake-hit town of Gyegu in Yushu.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
An injured Tibetan is carried by his relatives and residents to a bus which will take him to a safe place for medical treatment in the town of Gyegu in Yushu County
The 2010 Yushu earthquake struck on April 14, 2010, and registered a magnitude of 6.9[4][5] (USGS, EMSC) or 7.1[2][6] (CEA, CENC). It originated in Yushu, Qinghai, China, at 7:49 am local time.[7][1] According to the Xinhua News Agency, 2,064 people have been confirmed dead, 175 missing, and 12,135 injured of which 1,434 are severely injured.[3] The epicenter was located in Rima village (日玛村/日麻村), Upper Laxiu township (上 拉秀乡) of Yushu County,[8][9] in remote and rugged terrain, near the border of Tibet Autonomous Region. The epicenter is about 30 km from Gyêgu town, the seat of Yushu County,[10] and about 240 km from Qamdo.[4] The epicenter was in a sparsely populated area on the Tibetan plateau that is regularly hit by earthquakes.[11]
A peaceful almost turned to be ruins
Yushu , after earthquake
Rescuers search for survivors in the rubble of quake demolished building in Yushu county, in northwest
230.000 people！！
Maybe it’s destiny, it’s written….
What the truck was hauling were countless bodies of the dead……
Earthquake in Yushu of Qinghai province
The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic (惨 烈的)magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake（7.0级地震）, with an epicentre near the town of Léogâne, Haiti's capital. The earthquake occurred at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010.[5][6] By 24 January, at least 52 aftershocks measuring 4.5 or greater had been recorded.[7] An estimated three million people were affected by the quake;[8] the Haitian Government reported that an estimated 230,000 people had died, 300,000 had been injured and 1,000,000 made homeless.[9][10] They also estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged.