16treatment planning peocesure
药剂师中期计划与措施
药剂师中期计划与措施英文回答：Mid-Term Pharmacy Plan and Initiatives.Goal:To improve patient care and satisfaction.To enhance pharmacy operations and efficiency.To support the professional development of pharmacy staff.Objectives:Implement a medication therapy management program to improve patient adherence and outcomes.Expand the use of technology to streamline pharmacyoperations and improve workflow.Provide ongoing education and training opportunitiesfor pharmacy staff to enhance their skills and knowledge.Collaborate with other healthcare providers to provide comprehensive patient care.Initiatives:Medication Therapy Management Program.Develop a comprehensive medication therapy management program that includes medication review, counseling, and monitoring.Identify patients who would benefit from the program, such as those with chronic conditions or complex medication regimens.Implement a system for tracking patient progress and evaluating the effectiveness of the program.Technology Enhancements.Implement an automated medication dispensing system to improve efficiency and reduce medication errors.Upgrade the pharmacy's computer system to improve access to patient information and facilitate medication management.Develop a mobile app for patients to access their medication information and communicate with the pharmacy.Staff Development.Provide regular continuing education opportunities for pharmacy staff to keep them up-to-date on the latest advancements in pharmacy practice.Offer opportunities for staff to participate in research projects and professional organizations.Create a mentorship program to support the professional growth of new pharmacists.Collaboration with Healthcare Providers.Establish partnerships with other healthcare providers, such as physicians, nurses, and social workers, to provide comprehensive patient care.Participate in interdisciplinary rounds and care planning meetings.Provide medication education and counseling to patients and their families.Evaluation:Monitor the progress of the initiatives using key performance indicators, such as patient satisfaction scores, medication adherence rates, and pharmacy efficiency.Seek feedback from patients, staff, and otherstakeholders to identify areas for improvement.Make adjustments to the initiatives as needed to ensure their effectiveness.中文回答：药剂师中期计划与措施。
寻找各种治疗方法英语作文
寻找各种治疗方法英语作文Title: Exploring Various Treatment Methods。
Introduction:In the realm of healthcare, the quest for effective treatment methods is a perpetual endeavor. With advancements in medical science and technology, a multitude of treatment modalities have emerged, catering to diverse needs and conditions. This essay endeavors to explore various treatment methods across different healthcare domains.1. Conventional Medicine:Conventional medicine, also known as Western medicine, encompasses treatments rooted in scientific research and evidence-based practices. Common modalities include pharmaceutical interventions, surgeries, and therapies such as physiotherapy and occupational therapy.2. Alternative Medicine:Alternative medicine comprises treatments divergent from conventional medical practices. This category includes acupuncture, herbal medicine, chiropractic care, and homeopathy. While these methods may lack robust scientific backing, they remain popular among individuals seeking holistic approaches to healthcare.3. Complementary Medicine:Complementary medicine involves treatments used alongside conventional medical interventions to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Examples include yoga, meditation, massage therapy, and dietary supplements. Integrating these practices with mainstream medicine is believed to promote overall well-being and improve patient outcomes.4. Mind-Body Interventions:Mind-body interventions recognize theinterconnectedness of mental and physical health. Techniques such as mindfulness meditation, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and biofeedback aim to harness the mind's influence on bodily functions, offering avenues for managing conditions like chronic pain, anxiety, and depression.5. Traditional Medicine:Traditional medicine encompasses indigenous healing practices passed down through generations. From Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to Ayurveda, these systems emphasize natural remedies, lifestyle modifications, and the restoration of energetic balance within the body to promote health and alleviate ailments.6. Psychotherapy:Psychotherapy involves the therapeutic interaction between a trained professional and an individual or group. Various approaches exist, including psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and interpersonaltherapy. Psychotherapy aims to address psychological distress, improve coping skills, and foster personal growth.7. Biological Interventions:Biological interventions target physiological processes underlying disease and dysfunction. This category includes pharmacological treatments, gene therapy, and medical interventions like organ transplants and stem cell therapy. Advancements in biotechnology continue to expandthe scope and efficacy of biological interventions.8. Behavioral Interventions:Behavioral interventions focus on modifying actions and habits to promote health and well-being. Examplesinclude smoking cessation programs, weight management interventions, and behavior therapy for conditions such as addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).9. Environmental Interventions:Environmental interventions address factors in the external environment that influence health outcomes. This may involve measures to mitigate air and water pollution, promote access to green spaces, and create supportive environments for physical activity and healthy eating habits.Conclusion:In conclusion, the landscape of treatment methods in healthcare is vast and diverse, catering to the multifaceted needs of individuals across different contexts and conditions. From conventional medical interventions to traditional healing practices and emerging modalities, each approach offers unique benefits and considerations. By embracing a holistic perspective and integrating various treatment methods judiciously, healthcare practitioners can optimize patient care and enhance overall well-being.。
医学美容咨询的渐进性流程
医学美容咨询的渐进性流程英文回答：The progressive process of medical aesthetic consultation involves several steps to ensure that the client's needs and expectations are met. Here is a breakdown of the typical flow:1. Initial Consultation: This is the first step where the client meets with a medical aesthetician or consultant. During this consultation, the client discusses their concerns, goals, and expectations. The consultant will ask questions about the client's medical history, lifestyle, and any previous cosmetic procedures. This helps to determine the client's suitability for various treatments and to customize a plan.2. Assessment and Analysis: After the initial consultation, the medical aesthetician will conduct a detailed assessment and analysis of the client's skincondition or body concerns. This may involve examining the skin's texture, pigmentation, elasticity, or body measurements. The aesthetician may also take photographs or use specialized equipment to evaluate the client's condition.3. Treatment Options: Based on the assessment, the medical aesthetician will recommend suitable treatment options. They will explain the benefits, risks, andexpected outcomes of each treatment. The client will have the opportunity to ask questions and discuss their preferences.4. Customized Treatment Plan: Once the client has chosen the desired treatment, the medical aesthetician will create a customized treatment plan. This plan may include a series of treatments, such as laser therapy, chemical peels, injectables, or body contouring procedures. The plan will outline the number of sessions, intervals between treatments, and any necessary preparation or aftercare instructions.5. Informed Consent: Before proceeding with any treatment, the client will be required to sign an informed consent form. This form ensures that the client understands the risks, benefits, and potential side effects of the chosen treatment. It also confirms that the client has been provided with all necessary information and has given their consent to proceed.6. Treatment Sessions: The client will attend the scheduled treatment sessions as outlined in the customized plan. The medical aesthetician will perform the selected procedures, ensuring the client's comfort and safety throughout the process. Depending on the treatment,multiple sessions may be required to achieve the desired results.7. Follow-up and Maintenance: After completing the recommended treatment sessions, the client will havefollow-up appointments to assess the results and discuss any further maintenance or touch-up treatments. The medical aesthetician will provide guidance on skincare routines, lifestyle modifications, and any necessary post-treatmentcare.中文回答：医学美容咨询的渐进性流程包括以下几个步骤，以确保满足客户的需求和期望。
treatment 用法
treatment 用法treatment 用法：Treatments, or therapies, are medical interventions used to alleviate symptoms, cure diseases, or promote overall well-being. They can take various forms and are tailored to specific conditions or ailments. Let's explore the different types of treatments available and how they are utilized.1. Medication-based treatments:Medications are often prescribed by healthcare professionals to treat a wide range of medical conditions. These treatments involve the administration of pharmaceutical drugs, such as antibiotics for bacterial infections or antidepressants for mental health disorders. It is important to follow the prescribed dosages and duration of treatment to ensure effectiveness and minimize potential side effects.2. Physical therapies:Physical therapies focus on improving physical health and function. They include techniques such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and chiropractic care. These treatments can help alleviate pain, improve mobility, and aid in the recovery process after injuries or surgeries. Physical therapists and other trained professionals often create customized treatment plans tailored to the individual's needs.3. Psychotherapy:Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is a treatment approach that aims to address mental health issues by engaging in therapeutic conversations. This form of treatment is often utilized to help individuals better understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and develop coping mechanisms to manage emotional challenges effectively. Psychotherapy may take the form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, or interpersonal therapy.4. Alternative and complementary therapies:These treatments are considered as non-conventional or complementary to traditional medicine. They include practices such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, and yoga. While scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of these therapies may vary, some individuals find them beneficial in managing certain conditions or promoting overall well-being. It is essential to consult with healthcare professionals before integrating alternative therapies into a treatment plan.5. Surgical interventions:Surgical treatments involve invasive procedures that aim to remove or repair damaged tissues or organs. Surgical interventions are commonly used for conditions like appendicitis, organ transplants, or joint replacements. They are often considered when other treatment options have been exhausted or are deemed ineffective.Remember, the choice of treatment depends on the specific condition, severity, and individual circumstances. It is essential to consult with healthcare professionals who can provide accurate diagnoses and recommend suitable treatment plans. Never self-diagnose or self-medicate without proper medical guidance.。
治疗方法英文学习计划
治疗方法英文学习计划IntroductionLearning a new language, particularly English, can be a daunting task. With its complex grammar rules, vast vocabulary, and tricky pronunciation, many people find themselves struggling to become proficient in English. However, with a well-structured and disciplined learning plan, anyone can improve their English skills and become fluent in the language. In this English learning plan, we will outline the steps and strategies to help you achieve your language learning goals.Step 1: Set Clear GoalsThe first step in any successful learning plan is to set clear and achievable goals. Start by asking yourself, what do you want to achieve with your English learning? Do you want to improve your speaking skills, enhance your writing abilities, or prepare for a specific exam, such as the TOEFL or IELTS? Once you have identified your goals, break them down into smaller, manageable tasks. For example, if your goal is to improve your speaking skills, you can set a target of holding a conversation with a native English speaker for 15 minutes within a month.Step 2: Create a Study ScheduleConsistency is key when it comes to language learning. Create a study schedule that fits into your daily routine and allows for regular practice. Allocate specific time slots for different language skills, such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Make sure to include a variety of activities in your study schedule, such as watching English movies, reading English books, listening to podcasts, and having conversations with native speakers.Step 3: Build Your VocabularyA strong vocabulary is essential for effective communication in any language. To expand your English vocabulary, consider using flashcards, language learning apps, and online resources to learn new words and phrases. Make it a habit to learn a certain number of new words each day and use them in context to better understand their meanings and usage.Step 4: Improve Your Listening SkillsOne of the best ways to improve your listening skills in English is to listen to native speakers. Watch English movies, TV shows, and news programs, and pay attention to the pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm of the language. You can also listen to English podcasts, audiobooks, and music to expose yourself to different accents and speech patterns. Step 5: Practice SpeakingSpeaking is often the most challenging aspect of language learning for many people. To improve your speaking skills, find opportunities to practice speaking English with nativespeakers or fellow language learners. Join language exchange groups, attend speaking clubs, or take part in online language exchange platforms to engage in regular conversations in English. Don't be afraid to make mistakes, as they are an essential part of the learning process.Step 6: Enhance Your Writing SkillsDeveloping good writing skills in English requires practice and feedback. Start by writing short essays, journal entries, or emails in English, and ask for feedback from a teacher, tutor, or language partner. Pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure, and work on improving your writing based on the feedback you receive.Step 7: Seek Professional HelpConsider enrolling in English language courses or hiring a private tutor to help you with your language learning journey. A professional instructor can provide you with personalized feedback and guidance, as well as structured lessons to address your specific language learning needs.Step 8: Review and ReviseRegularly review and revise the material you have learned to reinforce your understanding of the language. Practice using the language in different contexts and situations to consolidate your skills. Pay attention to common language pitfalls, such as false cognates, idiomatic expressions, and phrasal verbs, and work on mastering them through practice.Step 9: Stay MotivatedLearning a new language is a marathon, not a sprint. It's essential to stay motivated and committed to your language learning goals, even when faced with challenges or setbacks. Find ways to reward yourself for reaching milestones, such as treating yourself to a movie in English or taking a trip to an English-speaking country. Surround yourself with supportive friends and language partners who can encourage and motivate you along the way.ConclusionWith a well-thought-out English learning plan, anyone can improve their language skills and become fluent in English. By setting clear goals, creating a study schedule, building vocabulary, improving listening and speaking skills, enhancing writing abilities, seeking professional help, and staying motivated, you can achieve your language learning goals and unlock new opportunities for personal and professional growth. Remember that learning a new language is a journey, and with dedication and perseverance, you can succeed in mastering the English language.。
以循证医学为基础的静脉输液实践指南——2016INS指南解读
2016年最新修订版本（第七版）
以循证为基础，更新输液理念 更具 实际操作指导意义 以最新临床研究为依据的操作指南
第六页，共68页。
2016 INS《输液治疗实践标准》概述
Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice
第二十二页，共68页。
外周静脉置管首选穿的末梢 区
域按常规开始部位选择，后 续插 管应接近以前的插管部位
前臂
INS标准27：在前臂部位可以增加留 置时
间，减少留置期间疼痛，有助 于护理，并 防止意外脱落和血栓
第二十三页，共68页。
标准27.穿刺部位的选择
2016 INS《输液治疗实践标准》概述
Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice
2016 INS指南的循证实践意义
Evidence-based Practice (EBP)
— 增加循证实践重要性的认知
— 支持临床决策的证据从何而来？
传统定义
— 使用目前的证据
— 我们一直做的，往往不建议持续采用的
标准33：穿刺部位的准备和导管置入
每名临床工作者用短导管进行外周静脉穿刺 时，
尝试次数不超过2次，限制尝试总次数 不超过4
次 (IV)
– 穿刺困难的患者需对其血管通路装置需求进行评 估，
并通过与健康护理团队的合作商讨最佳的方 案
用中等长度导管穿刺时考虑使用最大限度的 无
菌隔离预防措施 (IV)
第二十七页，共68页。
爱咪特（小儿复方氨基酸18AA-I） 力太（丙氨酰谷氨酰胺注射液） 英脱利匹特(脂肪乳注射液C14-24)
提升照护计划的措施
提升照护计划的措施English Answer:Measures to Enhance Care Plans.Care plans are essential tools for providing individualized and comprehensive care to patients. They serve as a roadmap for healthcare professionals, outlining the patient's needs, goals, and interventions. Developing and implementing effective care plans is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and improving the overall quality of care.Several measures can be taken to enhance care plans and ensure they effectively meet the needs of patients. These include:1. Patient Engagement: Actively involving patients in their care planning process is essential. Patients should be encouraged to participate in discussions about theirgoals, preferences, and concerns. This patient-centered approach ensures that the care plan is tailored to their specific needs and values.2. Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Care plans should be developed through interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals. Nurses, physicians, social workers, and other specialists can provide valuableinsights and expertise to create a comprehensive and well-rounded plan.3. Evidence-Based Practice: Care plans should be based on the latest evidence-based practices and guidelines. This ensures that patients receive the most effective and appropriate interventions based on current research and clinical experience.4. Regular Review and Evaluation: Care plans should be regularly reviewed and evaluated to ensure they remain relevant and effective. This ongoing process allows healthcare professionals to make necessary adjustments based on patient progress and changes in their needs.5. Use of Technology: Technology can play a significant role in enhancing care plans. Electronic health records (EHRs) can facilitate the storage, sharing, and tracking of patient information, making it easier for healthcare professionals to collaborate and coordinate care.6. Cultural Sensitivity: Care plans should beculturally sensitive to the患者's background, beliefs, and values. This ensures that the interventions and approaches used are respectful and appropriate for the patient's cultural context.7. Accessibility: Care plans should be easily accessible to patients and their families. Written copies should be provided, and electronic versions should be made available through online portals or patient apps.8. Goal-Oriented: Care plans should be goal-oriented, with specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals. This provides a clear direction for patient care and allows for objective evaluation ofprogress.9. Person-Centered: Care plans should focus on the whole person, not just the patient's medical condition. They should consider the patient's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs.10. Communication: Effective communication among healthcare professionals and patients is essential for successful care plan implementation. Clear and open communication ensures that everyone involved understands the plan and their role in achieving the desired outcomes.By implementing these measures, healthcare professionals can enhance the quality of care plans and improve patient outcomes. Effective care plans provide a roadmap for individualized and comprehensive care, ensuring that patients receive the best possible care based on their unique needs and preferences.中文回答：提升照护计划的措施。
综合治疗方案英文
Comprehensive Treatment PlanThe purpose of this document is to outline a comprehensive treatment plan that incorporates various therapeutic approaches and interventions for addressing individuals’ physical, emotional, and mental well-being. The plan integrates evidence-based treatments and complementary therapies to ensure a holistic and personalized approach to individual care.IntroductionMaintaining good health and well-being is a complex process involving various aspects of an individual’s life. The comprehensive treatment plan a ims to address these multifaceted needs by combining different interventions and therapeutic approaches tailored to the specific requirements of each individual. By addressing physical, emotional, and mental health needs, this treatment plan aims to provide holistic care that promotes overall well-being and improved quality of life.Physical Health InterventionsPhysical health is a crucial component of overall well-being. The comprehensive treatment plan emphasizes the implementation of evidence-based approaches to address physical health needs. The following interventions are proposed:1. Regular ExerciseEngaging in regular physical exercise is associated with numerous physical and mental health benefits. The treatment plan will include personalized exercise programs tailored to each individual’s abilities and goals. This may involve a combination of aerobic activities, strength training, and flexibility exercises.2. Nutritional SupportA well-balanced diet is essential for maintaining physical health. The treatment plan will involve nutritional counseling and education to promote healthy eating habits. Dietary interventions may include portion control, balanced meal planning, and adequate hydration.3. Medication ManagementFor individuals with specific medical conditions, appropriate medication management plays a vital role in their overall treatment. The comprehensive treatment plan will involve regular assessments and follow-ups with healthcare professionals to ensure proper medication administration and monitoring.Emotional Health InterventionsEmotional well-being is closely intertwined with physical health. The comprehensive treatment plan recognizes the importance of addressing emotional needs alongside physical ones. The following interventions will be implemented:1. PsychotherapyPsychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, provides individuals with a safe and confidential space to explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. The treatment plan will incorporate various forms of psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and mindfulness-based therapy.2. Stress Management TechniquesStress can significantly impact overall health and well-being. The comprehensive treatment plan will include stress management techniques to help individuals effectively cope with stressors. These may include relaxation exercises, mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, and time management strategies.3. Peer Support GroupsParticipating in peer support groups can provide individuals with a sense of community and understanding. The comprehensive treatment plan will include referrals to peer support networks or group therapy sessions, where individuals can share their experiences, receive support, and learn from others facing similar challenges.Mental Health InterventionsThe comprehensive treatment plan also acknowledges the importance of addressing mental health concerns. The following interventions will be integrated into the plan:1. Psychiatric AssessmentFor individuals experiencing mental health conditions, a comprehensive psychiatric assessment is essential. The treatment plan will involve a thorough evaluation conducted by a licensed psychiatrist, who will provide a diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment interventions.2. Medication ManagementPharmacological interventions, such as medication, can be an important component of mental health treatment. The comprehensive treatment plan will involve medication management through regular check-ins with a psychiatrist to ensure the effectiveness and safety of prescribed medications.3. Cognitive RemediationCognitive remediation aims to improve cognitive functioning, such as attention, memory, and executive skills, in individuals with mental health conditions. The treatment plan will incorporate cognitive remediation techniques, such as cognitive training exercises and cognitive-behavioral therapy, to enhance cognitive skills and promote overall mental well-being.Complementary TherapiesIn addition to evidence-based treatments, the comprehensive treatment plan will integrate complementary therapies to further enhance the well-being of individuals. The following therapies will be explored:1. Art TherapyArt therapy utilizes creativity and self-expression to promote emotional healing and self-discovery. The treatment plan will include referrals to certified art therapists who can guide individuals in using various artistic mediums to process emotions, reduce stress, and enhance self-awareness.2. Yoga and MeditationYoga and meditation practices have been found to have numerous physical and mental health benefits. The comprehensive treatment plan may incorporate yoga classes and mindfulness meditation sessions to promote relaxation, improve physical flexibility, reduce anxiety, and enhance overall well-being.3. AcupunctureAcupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine practice, involves the insertion of thin needles at specific points on the body to promote healing and balance. The comprehensive treatment plan may include referrals to licensed acupuncturists as an additional therapeutic option for certain physical or mental health conditions.ConclusionThe comprehensive treatment plan outlined in this document aims to address individuals’ physical, emotional, and mental health needs through a well-coordinated approach. By integrating evidence-based treatments, complementary therapies, and personalized interventions, this plan strives to promote overall well-being and improved quality of life for individuals seeking comprehensive care and support.。
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3D display of beam placement may help to identify the structures in the field.
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Dose calculation
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Dose calculation
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Dose calculation
10MV 4MV
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Calculation with and without contour correction
1.2 Computerized treatment planning
Patient information Treatment unit data
Planning
Treatment plan
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A note on inverse treatment planning
Patient data: CT scan, outlines Localization of tumor and critical structures Definition of dose levels and constraints Computerized optimization of source or beam placement Virtual simulation Dose calculation Preparation of treatment sheet and record and verify data Beam data: radiation quality, PDD, profiles, ...
Data measured in water and air
Parameterized water data “Correction” based methods
“Model” based methods
Conventional approach Measured data used to create data which (hopefully) is adequate for patient treatment
Allows beam shaping and the creation of blocks
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Creation of an opposing beam A parallel opposed pair (POP)
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The resulting dose distribution
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Dose display options
Better target definition Beam shaping Benchmark for treatment (‘what the computer thinks is really happening’)
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Contouring and localisation virtual simulation
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ii) A tour through a commercial planning system...
A series of screen shots from Theraplan Plus An example, mainly to illustrate a planning session
Many modules and options
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All commences with creating a patient…
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Anatomy of the patient must be defined
May be
outlines CT scans one slice many slices
Three dimensional displays Dose Volume Histograms Virtual simulation Digitally reconstructed radiographs
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From two dimensions to three
3D data input 3D visualisation Non coplanar beam placement 3D dose computation New evaluation tools (DRRs, DVH)
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Addition of a beam modifier here a 45degree dynamic wedge
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Inhomogeneity correction turned on
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Beams eye view
A useful tool
Green - the beam Blue and red - the target Pink - a critical structure
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Inhomogeneities are added
If appropriate Here a low density is associated with lung In case of a CT scan these are typically automatically created by the system
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Changing the beam weighting and adding wedges creates a homogenous dose distribution in the target
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A complex dose delivery in a 90deg arc...
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iii) Other planning tools
Most recent planning systems use this Measured data only used to tune and verify a beam model Examples: Superposition/convolution; Monte Carlo Calculations
Isodose lines
Color wash
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A third beam with multileaf collimator blocking
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Information on the beams
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Dose to the points of interest
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Changing the beam weighting...
Don’t forget the mundane tools wooden or plastic rulers may shrink
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
iv) Planning as part of a network
Outlines Films Keyboard Diagnostic tools: CT scanner MRI scanner PET, SPECT Computerised beam data acquisition sytem
6
Elements of dose calculation
Dose calculation algorithm Unfamiliarity with set-up of the Software coding and implementation treatment planning system has significantly contributed to the most Typically, there is no radiotherapy user control for theses features - however recent accident it is essential that the user (According to IAEA report) is familiar with the physics algorithm
Many iterations to find the optimum solution
3
Computerized treatment planning
i) Dose calculation algorithms ii) A quick tour through a planning system iii) Evaluation tools iv) Networking and output v) Purchase of a planning system
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Physician’s eye view and Beam’s eye view (BEV)
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Parameters for the beam are defined...
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The dose calculation grid
Determines how detailed the dose distribution is calculated Usually around 2 to 5mm Depends on treatment situation Increases calculation time dramatically
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… all this needs verification
Do the dimensions and volumes match? Is orientation in image transfer preserved (left and right may be difficult to distinguish in a brain scan!)
Creation of internal organs
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A patient outline is filled with target structures (CTV) and other organs of interest