经济学人2014年7月26日-8月1日刊
经济学人精听材料
第1 页：中英文本第2 页：重点讲解Employment就业市场Zero tolerance毫无余地The problem with zero-hours contracts is not that they are too flexible零时工合同的问题可不是时间太灵活BRITAIN'S flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump, helping keep joblessness down and then, when the recovery began, allowing employment to rise. Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret. Ed Miliband, the leader of the Labour Party, has promise d a crackdown on “zero-hours contracts” if he wins the next election. The government has launched a consultation.英国灵活的劳动力市场在经济衰退期间是一个福音，因为这既帮助压低失业率,而且当经济开始复苏又促进就业。
但其所带来的一些福利却让政客们烦躁不安。
工党领袖埃德·米利班德承诺如果他赢得下次选举，他将打击“零时工合同”。
政府也就打击零时工合同的事项展开磋商。
就业市场.jpgZero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need, with no prior notice. In theory, at least, people can refuse work. Fully 1.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014, according to a snapsho taken by the Office for National Statistics. That is just 4% of the total, but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.零时工合同政策允许在没有事先通知的情况下雇佣工人工作，工作时间根据公司需求可长可短。
分析《经济学人》社论中的衔接与连贯
分析《经济学人》社论中的衔接与连贯发布时间：2021-09-14T05:56:04.310Z 来源：《教学与研究》2021年第13期作者：刘翼桐王义然[导读] 《经济学人》创刊于1843年，是世界上历史最悠久的杂志之一，也堪称全球最具影响力的媒体。
刘翼桐王义然上海对外经贸大学 201620 1. 背景介绍《经济学人》创刊于1843年，是世界上历史最悠久的杂志之一，也堪称全球最具影响力的媒体。
其文章语言规范、用词精准、行文流畅，内容上严肃又不失诙谐，能针对当下热门话题进行深刻的剖析，给出独到的观点，激发读者的阅读兴趣。
其文章用笔犀利，逻辑缜密，而语篇的逻辑性正是有赖于衔接与连贯的手段来完成的。
本篇论文就《经济学人》社论专栏中的A Bit on the Side对其衔接手段和连贯进行分析。
该文章详细介绍了比特币，由于涉及较多的专业背景知识，以下先对本文的背景知识进行简单介绍。
比特币（Bitcoin）的概念最初由中本聪在2008年11月1日提出，并于2009年1月3日正式诞生。
比特币是一个分布式账簿系统和一套加密算法的结合。
每个比特币有一把公共的钥匙，还有一把私人的钥匙。
公共的钥匙大家都能用，通过它能看到整个比特币系统的账本，能看到里面的任何账户变动，比如有一个账户往另一个账户转了一个比特币，所有拥有公共钥匙的人都能看到。
但是，只要账户的拥有者不公开，谁也不知道这个账户是谁的，不知道这一个比特币到底进了谁的腰包。
只有使用私人钥匙，才能对账户进行操作。
这套加密算法还保证了比特币最多只有 2100 万个（其中中本聪持有其中的 100 万个），其实也就是 2100万套的密码，所以，比特币是具有严格的稀缺性的，比黄金和钻石还要稀缺，这就能有效地避免通货膨胀。
如果经济保持稳定，它未来的价值上涨是非常有保障的。
而且，比特币的每次交易都被记录到了分布式的账簿里，这样就不需要一个中间机构，也不怕被人篡改，所以比特币也被认为是世界上第一个成熟的数字货币系统。
经济学人时文阅读
Drain or gain?失去还是得到？WHEN people in rich countries worry about migration, they tend to think of low-paid incomers who compete for jobs as construction workers, dishwashers or farmhands. When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest decamping to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.富裕国家的人担忧移民，他们往往想到的是，新来的移民收入低，他们通常都是建筑工人，洗碗工或是农场工人，他们为了这些工作而竞争。
而当贫穷国家担忧移民时，通常他们担心的是，自己国家最优秀和最聪明的人都潜逃到了硅谷，或发达国家的医院以及大学。
英国、加拿大、澳大利亚这些国家用移民政策吸引大学毕业生，给他们特别优惠，留在该国工作。
Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. By some estimates, two-thirds of highly educated Cape Verdeans live outside the country. A big survey of Indian households carried out in 2004 asked about family members who had moved abroad. It found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.许多研究发现，发展中国家受过良好教育的人特别有可能会移民国外，一些预测说，佛得角国家的三分之二受过高等教育的人都住在国外。
经济学人中英文
考研英语外刊《经济学家》读译参考之五十六：新意－中国日益关注创新Something new新意(陈继龙编译)Aug 3rd 2006 | BEIJINGFrom The Economist print editionAFTER years of prospering as the world's workshop, China now wants to be its laboratory as well. “Innovation”has become a national buzzword[1], and Chinese leaders have been tossing it into their speeches since the beginning of the year, when President Hu Jintao started an ambitious campaign to drive China's economy further up the value chain. (1)True, new campaigns and catchphrases[2] are declared by the government and the Communist Party in China all the time, and mostly end up fizzling out[3] in puddles[4] of rhetoric. But there are signs that the government i_______①to back its innovation campaign with more than just words.中国作为“世界工场”，多年来发展蒸蒸日上，但现在它也希望成为“世界实验室”。
“创新”已经成为举国上下一个时髦词儿。
今年年初，胡锦涛主席启动了一项雄心勃勃的规划，旨在推动中国经济进一步与价值链接轨。
经济学人2014.1.6
The Americas美洲Paraguay's new president巴拉圭的新总统Cartes plays his cards卡特高明的手段Trickle-down economics in one of South America's poorest countries南美最穷一国的滴流经济学IN OCTOBER claims surfaced that Victor Bogado, a Paraguayan senator, had arranged two lucrative public jobs for his children's nanny.十月宣言浮出水面，巴拉圭的参议院议长柏佳都，为其孩子的保姆安排了两项有利可图的公共工作。
A few weeks later 23 of his peers—a majority—voted against stripping him of the immunity from criminal proceedings that Paraguayan legislators enjoy.几周后，23位同僚，大多数反对剥夺巴拉圭立法者所享有的豁免刑事程序。
Instead of going unnoticed in a country where political clientelism has long been the norm, the story sparked outrage.按理说国家出现政治上的庇护很正常可被忽略，反而故事引起了更多的愤怒。
Restaurants, petrol stations and beauty salons in the capital, Asuncion, put up signs naming the 23 shameless rats, and barring them as customers.首都亚松森的餐馆，汽车加油站以及美容沙龙，公然张贴了广告名为23只不知羞耻的老鼠，禁止他们进店消费。
日更《经济学人》第277
Self-improvementNet benefitsWith millions stuck at home, the online wellness industry is booming“Up off your chairs and just start lifting those feet,” chirps高兴地大声说a woman sporting green leggings as she marches energetically. Diana Moran, a fitness expert known as the Green Goddess, was a staple主食of 1980s British breakfast television. Now in her 80s, she is making a comeback东山再起. In a new morning slot she is encouraging older people, many of whom are in isolation to avoid infection, to stay active. As lockdowns force the world to stay at home indefinitely, many are turning to their screens to stay sane明智的.Meditation冥想apps, digital fitness classes and online cookery courses are booming. Zoom, a videoconferencing service now worth around $40bn through which many such classes are broadcast, has become one of the most important “social wellness” companies, reckons Beth McGroarty of the Global Wellness Institute, a research group. Those stuck inside are desperate for company.On YouTube average daily views of videos including “with me” in the title—convivial baking, studying and decluttering清理are all available—have increased by 600% since March 15th compared with the rest of the year. Last week DJ D-Nice, an American disc jockey, drew over 100,000 virtual partygoers聚会的客人to his “Club Quarantine” on Instagram Live.The stuck-at-home are also keen to improve themselves. Downloads of the top five recipe apps doubled in Chin a during February’s lockdown. In Britain John Lewis, an upmarket高档的department store, has reported a five-fold increase in sales of its Marcato pasta machine compared with typical sales for this time of year. Kettlebells and yoga mats are selling like toilet paper. Joe Wicks, a trainer who posts workout videos online, saw subscriptions to his channel more than double after he launched live physical-education lessons for kids no longer able to burn off their energy at school. During the first week of classes 15m viewers joined in.The popularity of live group activities challenges the idea that you have to be physically present to be together. People who work out in groups are more committed and get more health benefits than those doing so alone. It is also showing just how much can be “experienced” from the comfort of the c ouch, raising the bar for experiences such as concerts and classes in the post-covid world.Even before the pandemic, fitness fans wondered whether paid-for online platforms such as Peloton, a home exercise-bike company, could replace gyms. That debate will pump up further if gyms go bust生意失败because of the shutdowns.It seems more likely that the strange but temporary state of lockdown will boost sectors that were already growing. Mental-health apps were flourishing before covid-19. Downloads of the five m ost popular “mindfulness” apps grew by 85% in 2018. In the last week of March Headspace, a meditation app, saw a 19-fold jump in users completing a calming exercise and a 14-fold surge in those doing a “reframing anxiety” session.参考译文“Up off your chairs and just start lifting those feet,” chirps a woman sporting green leggings as she marches energetically. Diana Moran, a fitness expert known as the Green Goddess, was a staple of 1980s British breakfast television. Now in her 80s, she is making a comeback. In a new morning slot she is encouraging older people, many of whom are in isolation to avoid infection, to stay active. As lockdowns force the world to stay at home indefinitely, many are turning to their screens to stay sane.“举起椅子，开始抬起那只脚，”一名穿着绿色紧身裤的妇女大声疾呼，一边喊着。
《经济学人》2014年1月-美国经济
2014年1月《经济学人》英文原文：The $9 trillion saleGovernments should launch a new wave of privatisations, this time centred on propertyJan 11th 2014 | From the print edition∙∙∙TweetIMAGINE you were heavily in debt, owned a large portfolio of equities and under-used property and were having trouble cutting your spending—much like most Western governments. Wouldn’t you think of offloading some of your assets?Politicians push privatisation at different times for different reasons. In Britain in the 1980s, Margaret Thatcher used it to curb the power of the unions. Eastern European countries employed it later todismantle command economies. Today, with public indebtedness at its highest peacetime level inadvanced economies, the main rationale is to raise cash.In this section∙The $9 trillion sale∙Can François do a Gerhard?∙Of bongs and bureaucrats∙It’s back∙An Englishman’s homeReprintsRelated topics∙Europe∙Greece∙Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development∙Sweden∙United KingdomTaxpayers might think that the best family silver has already been sold, but plenty is still in the cupboard (see article). State-owned enterprises in OECD countries are worth around $2 trillion. Then there are minority stakes in companies, plus $2 trillion or so in utilities and other assets held by local governments. But the real treasures are “non-financial” assets—buildings, land, subsoil resources—which the IMF believes are worth three-quarters of GDP on average in rich economies: $35 trillion across the OECD.Some of these assets could not or should not be sold. What price the Louvre, the Parthenon or Yellowstone National Park? Murky government accounting makes it impossible to know what portion of the total such treasures make up. But it is clear that the overall list includes thousands of marketable holdings with little or no heritage value.America’s federal government owns nearly 1m buildings (of which 45,000 were found to be unneeded or under-used in a 2011 audit) and about a fifth of the country’s land area, beneath which lie vast reserves of oil, gas and other minerals; America’s “fracking” revolution has so far been almost entirely on private land. The Greek state’s largest stock of unrealised v alue lies in its more than 80,000 non-heritage buildings and plots of land. With only one holiday home for every 100 in Spain, Greece should be able to tempt developers and other investors at the right price. Analysts at PwC reckon Sweden has marketable state-owned property worth $100 billion-120 billion. If that is typical of the OECD, its governments are sitting on saleable land and buildings worth up to $9 trillion—equivalent to almost a fifth of their combined gross debt.Get on with itGovernments seem strangely reluctant to exploit these revenue-raising opportunities. That is partly because privatisation always faces opposition. Particular sensitivities surround land, as Ronald Reagan discovered when his plan to sell swathes of America’s West were shot down by a coalition of greens and ranchers who enjoyed grazing rights, and as the British government found in 2010 when environmentalists scuppered its attempt to sell Forestry Commission land.In recent years the big transactions, apart from reprivatisations of rescued banks, have mostly taken place in emerging markets. Activity is starting to pick up in Europe: the British government sold Royal Mail last year, and is setting a good example both in transparency over its land and property holdings and in its readiness to sell them. But, overall, caution rules. Italy, for example, carries a public-debt burden of132% of GDP, yet its privatisation plans are timid—even though the state has proportionately more to sell than most other rich countries, with corporate stakes worth perhaps $225 billion and non-financial assets worth as much as $1.6 trillion. Now that markets have regained their composure, it is time to be bolder.There are ways of encouraging sales. Data collection on public property is shockingly poor. It is patchy even in Scandinavia, where governments pride themselves on their openness. Governments need to get a better idea of what they hold. Effective land registries, giving certainty to title, are essential: Greece’s registry remains a mess. Too many governments use a flaky form of “cash basis” accounting that obscures the costs of holding property. Too few produce proper balance-sheets. Better beancounting would make it easier to ascertain what might be better off in private hands.Governments also need to sweat whatever remains in state hands. There is no single model for managing public assets, but any successful strategy would include setting private-sector-style financial benchmarks, replacing cronies with experienced managers and shielding them from political interference. Not only is this good in itself, but it can also lead naturally to privatisation. That was the case in Sweden a decade ago, when creating a professionally managed holding company for state assets revealed many to be non-core, leading to a selling splurge by a left-leaning government.Where are the successors to Thatcher and Reagan?Privatisation is no panacea for profligate governments. Selling assets is a one-off that provides only brief respite for those addicted to overspending (though, once sold, assets—from ports to companies—tend to generate far more business). It also has to be weighed against lost revenue if the assets provide an income stream: oil-rich Norway gets a quarter of its government revenue from well-managed state companies. Selling when markets are depressed is generally a bad idea.Governments also need to learn from mistakes made in past waves of privatisation. Without robust regulation, sell-offs enrich insiders and lead to backlashes. That happened in Britain (over rail and utilities) and emerging markets (telecoms, banking and more). The Royal Mail sale was a reminder of the political risks: price an asset too high and the deal might flop; price it too low and the taxpayer feels cheated. Nevertheless, for governments that are serious about bringing their spending in line with revenues, privatisation is a useful tool. It allows governments to cut their debts and improve their credit ratings, thus reducing their outgoings, and it improves the economy’s effi ciency by boosting competition and by applying private-sector capital and skills to newly privatised assets.Thatcher and Reagan used privatisation as a tool to transform utilities, telecoms and transport. Their21st-century successors need to do the same for buildings, land and resources. Huge value is waiting to be unlocked.中文翻译：9万亿美元的大拍卖富裕国家的政府应当再掀起一股私有化浪潮，这次应当把重点放在土地和房产上。
经济学人2
Lexington 列克星敦Help not wanted拒之门外Congress is doing its best to lose the global talent war国会正想尽办法输掉国际人才争夺战ONE of the most unjustly neglected films of the past few years is Mike Judge's “Idiocracy”. Mr Judge is the genius behind Beavis and Butt-Head, two of the most disgusting creatures on television, and Hank Hill, one of the wisest. In “Idiocracy”he turns his talents to futurology—and to the troubling question of the long-term impact of dysgenic breeding, junk food and grunge culture on America's collective IQ.迈克•朱吉导演的影片《蠢蛋进化论》[1] 是近年来最不该遭遇冷落的影片之一。
朱吉是名天才导演，塑造了瘪四与大头蛋这两个电视剧中最恶心的人物和极富智慧的汉克‧希尔。
在《蠢蛋进化论》中，他把他的聪明劲用到了“未来学”上，以及在不利于人类优化的培养方式，垃圾食品和庸俗文化长期浸淫下，所引出的令人头疼的美国大众智商问题。
The premise is simple. Two typical citizens—the army's “most average” soldier and a street prostitute—find themselves transported 500 years into the future. They soon discover that they are towering geniuses compared with the knuckle-draggers who inhabit the America of 2505. The country's best university is run by Costco. People are named after brands such as Frito and Mountain Dew. Starbucks has become a chain of brothels. The president is a former porn star and wrestling champion.剧情设置很简单。