Cavity expansion in cohesive frictional soils - ResearchGate
非织造常用英语专业词汇
英汉非织造布专业词汇在此收集的大部分词汇是在翻译非织造布专业文献,特别是美国《非织造布工业》月刊中遇到的不太熟悉的词汇。
非织造布专业是一个跨行业的边缘学科,因此,有关文献涉及纺织、造纸、塑料、机械、电气、医学等领域。
为了便于阅读,广收在此。
这些词汇有待专家确切定义。
Aabsorb吸收absorbent有吸收能力的absorbent core吸水芯材acquisition layer(卫生巾)集液层acrylicester emulsion丙烯酸酯乳液activated carbon活性碳activated charcoal filter活性碳过滤器adhesion tension附着强度adhesive粘接剂adult diapers成人失禁垫aerodynamic空气动力学的aesthetic fabric美观的布品aesthetics美学affordable买得起的affordability买力after treatment后处理ageing resistance耐老化性agriculture农业A I DS艾滋病air bridge空气桥air laid气流成网air porosity气孔率air through热风法all-in-one全合一aluminosilicate-based fiber 铝硅酸盐玻璃纤维angiography血管造影术anisotropy各向异性annual growth年增长率antiadherent film防粘膜anti-crease抗皱antistatic finish防静电处理APE(alkyl phenol ethoxylate)烷基酚乙氧基化物aperture网眼(布)appearance外观applicator涂胶机apparel服装apron围裙aqueous liquid水溶液aquarium filter养鱼缸过滤器area bonding面积粘合artificial leather substrate 人造革基布attenuation钝化,变细automation control自动化控制automobile carburetor汽车汽化器automobile interior汽车内装饰automotive headliner汽车车头衬里automotive carpet汽车用毯Bbaby diaper婴儿尿布baby wipe婴儿擦拭巾back sheet底衬bacteriaproof防菌bacteriophage噬菌体bale棉包barb(刺针)倒钩barrier阻挡层barrier-seal medical garment 密封阻挡层医用服装base cloth基布basis weight布品单位重量batt棉胎batteries电池组battery separator电池分隔层beater打浆机bedding床上用品,被褥betagauge测试仪beverage饮料bias斜线bib小儿围涎bicomponent fiber双组分纤维bilirubin胆红素birth rate出生率blanket毯子bleaching漂白bleachplant漂白厂blending混合bloodborne pathogen以血液为载体的病原菌blood spread血液散布blouse罩衫body cavities体腔bond area粘合面积bonded-face fabric面粘合布品bonded mat粘合纤维网bonded web粘合纤维网bonded yarn fabric纱线粘合布品bonding粘合bonding pattern粘合样式bonding pressure粘合压力bonding roll pattern粘合辊式样bonding temperature粘合温度bond point粘合点bottom layer(复合纤维)底层bottom line基线brand recognition品牌识别Breaking elongation断裂伸长Breaking strength断裂强度breaking stretchability断裂拉伸性breathability透气性Brownian movement布朗运动bulk松密度bulk melting system整体熔融系统burn烧痕burst strength撕裂强度Ccable wrap电缆包布calendering压光,轧制capillary force gradient毛管力梯度card梳理carded web梳理成网cardiovas cularsurgery心血管手术caregiver保育员carpet backing地毯基布carpet tile铺地地毯块CBR puncture(DIN54307)圆盘夹平面顶破压力试验穿刺CD(cross direction)布品(横向)cellulose acetate fiber醋酸纤维素纤维cellulose fiber纤维素纤维cellulose wadding纤维素填絮challenge挑战challenge tracer挑战示踪剂charring烧焦chemical binder化学粘合剂chemical bonding化学粘合chemical finishing化学后整理chemical resistance耐化学特性chemical stability化学稳定性chemical-to-fiber process化学成纤工艺child care保育clay粘土cleaning除杂cleanroom净化车间clinical experience临床经验clothlike仿棉布coastal protection work海岸防护工程coast line海岸线coated涂浆的coefficient of friction摩擦系数coherent bonded web粘接纤维网cohesive soil粘性土壤cold compress plaster base material冷压膏基材料collision碰撞coloration着色comfort舒适comforter盖被commercial wipe商用擦拭巾commitment of large capital expenditures大量资本开支投commodity商品compacting machine(打包)压实机comparative aesthetic property比较美学性competition竞争composite materia复合材料composite structure复合结构compressive force压缩力conductive shoe cover导电性鞋套conformable顺从consolidation凝固constituent fiber组成纤维contact anglemeter接触角测试仪containment遏制continuous filament长丝continuous travelling screen 连续移动筛网coordinated bedding set配套床上用品copolymer共聚物core芯材coreless无芯材的corrugated cardboard box瓦楞纸板箱cosmetic化妆品cost-effective有成本效益的cotton-rich富含棉花的(70%棉,30%涤纶)coverall连裤工作服cover factor覆盖系数cover gown遮挡罩衣coverstock(卫生巾、尿布)包布crease-resist finishing防皱整理creativity创造性crimp卷曲crimped bulking fiber卷曲膨松纤维criteria准则cross contamination交叉污染cross direction横向cross-laid webs交叉铺置纤网cross lapper交叉(折叠)铺网机cross-laying交叉铺网cross-laying process交叉铺网工艺crosslinked交联的cross-over重叠交叉cross section截面积cross-web profile纤网横向剖面crotch area裤裆,两腿交叉部位crystalline quartz fiber结晶石英纤维cystoscopy膀胱镜Dday care I.D.(儿童)日托标志degradation降解de-inked paper去除油墨的纸delta三角洲denier旦数(纤度单位)dental口腔科deposition沉积diagnostic procedure诊断过程dialysis drape透析帘diaper elastic尿布松紧带diaperless不戴尿布diaper machine尿布机diaper rash尿布皮疹die喷丝板die assembly模具diffusion扩散dimensional stability尺寸稳定性diminish递减dip bonding浸渍粘合法directional定向的direct polymer to web system 聚合物直接成网discard丢弃discharge排放discontinuous filament不连续丝disentanglement解缠disposable用即弃的disposable apparel用即弃服装disposable diaper用即弃尿布disposable masks and respirators用即弃面具和呼吸器dissipate消散,耗散diversity差异性down-web profile纵向纤网剖面drainage composite system 排水复合系统Drain sponge引流纱布drape(手术室里)消毒被单，消毒盖布drapery帐,帘drawing牵伸dressing sponge包扎纱布dry cleaning fastness耐干洗牢度dry feel滑爽感drying烘燥drylaid干法成网durability耐用性dust cage尘笼dyeing染色dynamics动态Eeasy pelf-opening(包装袋)方便开孔elasticated mob cap带松紧的帽子elastic bandage弹性绷带elastomeric properties弹胶性elastomeric thread弹力松紧带elastomeric web弹胶性纤网elderly population老年人口electrostatic laid静电法成网elongation to break断裂伸长embossing凹凸轧花embossing roller轧花辊筒emergency room急诊室endoscopic内窥镜的end product最终产品engraved roll雕刻辊environmental friendliness 与环境友好的EPA(US EnvironmentalProtection Agency)美国国家环境保护局ergodynamics人机动力学ergonomics人机工程学erodible易受冲蚀的erosion冲蚀European Pharmaco peas Standards欧洲药典标准exhume发掘expenditure消耗extruder挤出机extrusion挤出Ffabric advance per stroke每一针刺行程布品移动量fabric basis weight布品基本重量fabric filter media布品过滤介质fabric softener sheet含有织物软化剂的片材facewear面具,面罩fake fur人造毛皮fashion apparel流行时装fastening tape扣紧带fatal致命的fecal粪便feminine care妇女用品feminine hygiene妇女卫生巾feminine hygiene application 妇女卫生巾应用fenestration(耳科手术)开窗术fiber arrangement纤维排列fiber clump纤维束fiber crimp纤维卷曲fiber denier旦数(纤度单位)fiber density纤维密度fiber diameter纤维直径fiberfill web填丝纤网fiber fineness纤维细度fiber geometry纤维几何形状fiberglass mat玻璃纤维垫fiber orientation纤维取向fiberous filter media纤维状过滤介质fiber strength纤维强度fiber-to-fiber contact纤维间接触fiber-to-fiber frictional properties纤维间摩擦特性fiber-to-fiber fusion纤维间融合fiber tuft纤维簇fiber type纤维类型fiber web纤(维)网fibrillate原纤化fibrillation原纤化filament长丝filament area bonding长丝热熔粘接法filament sheet长丝片材fiscal year财政年度,会计年度flame retardancy阻燃性flame retardant chemicals阻燃化学品flame retardant finishing阻燃整理flammability可燃性flexibility柔韧性floorcovering地板覆盖材料floor personal一线工人fluffless diaper无短纤尿布fluff pulp绒毛浆fluidproof防液体渗漏foam-to-fabric process泡沫成布法folding eqiupment折叠设备Food service wipe食品专用擦拭巾Food soaker pad食品浸渍垫footwear鞋袜类fomaldehyde甲醛foster鼓励fray绽裂Full span moisture analyzer 全量程水分分析Full time nurse专职护士Functional fabric功能织物Functional group官能团functionality功能性furniture家具fusion融合GGamma gauge伽马射线仪gauze纱布geotextile土工布geotextile filter土工过滤材料glass microfiber玻璃微纤glass transition玻璃化转变glazed surface轧光表面glued-in浸胶式gown罩衣grab strength(ASTM D4632)抓样强力grade specification等级规格granular super absorbent polymer颗粒状超级吸水聚合物gravel砾石groin腹股沟GUI(graphical user inter face)图形用户接口Hhalf time半场hand feeling手感health care保健heat bonding热粘合heat conductivity热传导性heat setting bonding热定形粘合Heavy weight重型hepatitis virus肝炎病毒herbicides除锈剂heritage遗产,传统heterofil filament异质丝high density polyethylene高密度聚乙烯high-duty flow-throughdryer大型直通式烘燥机higher melting fiber高熔点纤维higher melting polymer高熔点聚合物highloft高膨松的highper formance高性能high pressure water jet高压水喷嘴hightech fiber高技术纤维high value-added高附加值的HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)艾滋病病毒home furnishings家具布horticulture园艺学hosiery袜类hot air drying热风烘燥hot calendering热轧光hot flue dryer热风烘燥机hot melt laminator热熔层压机hot melt system热熔系统hospital-acquired infectio n 医院得的传染病hospital sheet医院用床单household application家庭应用household items家庭用品housew rap家用毯子hybrid混杂物hydraulic entanglement水力缠结法hydraulic properties水力特性hydrogen-bond氢键hydrogen bonding氢键键合hydrophilic亲水的hydrophobic疏水的hyg ienic finishing卫生整理hyperbilirubinemia高胆红素血Iice replacement换冰image analysis software图像分析软件imbalance不平衡immobilization固定不动immunodeficiency免疫缺陷impair损害impregnated浸渍的impregnating bonding浸渍粘合法impregnation浸渍incision(手术)切口incont inence underpad失禁垫industrial dedusting工业除尘industrial tex tile产业用纺织品industr ial wipe工业用擦拭巾indwelling dev ice(手术)留置装置inertia惯量inertial impaction惯性碰撞infant婴幼儿infant diaper幼儿尿布infant training pant幼儿训练裤infection contro l goods控制传染用品infrared drying红外线烘燥infrared sensor红外传感器ingenuity精巧in redient配料inhospital patient days病人住院天数initial modulus初始模量innovation创新inpatient admission kit住院病人入院用品inplane flow面内滑动instability不稳定性integrated process组合工艺intensity强度interception交叉interfiber bonding force纤维间粘合力interfiber entanglement纤维间缠结interfiber fr iction纤维间摩擦interfolder中间折叠机interlining衬里interlocking(纤维)缠合intersperse分散,点缀intimate apparel内衣intr avenous catheter静脉导管intr insic properties固有特性investigation调查irregular不规则的irrigation灌溉irritation刺激(皮肤)发炎island in the sea matrix fiber 海岛式基质纤维isolated testing隔离试验isolation ward隔离病房isophthalic acid异肽酸isotactic全同立构isotropy各向同性Jjaundice黄疸judicious明智的,审慎的jumbo bag大袋子Llab co at实验室工作服labour intensive劳动密集型的laminated层压的laminate层压片材lap棉卷laparotomy剖腹术laparoscopy腹腔镜检查laser激光latex胶乳latex bonding胶乳粘合laydown铺网leading brand领先品牌leak proof防漏leg cuff裤腿翻边leg elastics(长统袜)袜口橡筋level wind匀整卷绕life cycle生命周期light stability光稳定性lightweight web轻质纤网linear low density polyethylene线性低密度聚乙烯lint fr ee不起绒lint residue棉绒残余liquid bar rier液体阻挡层liquid penetr at ion液体渗透liquid repellency液体排斥liquid wicking液体吸取longevity长寿lower melting polymer低熔点聚合物low Oformaldehyde低甲醛含量lucrative可赢利的lump团块Mmachine direction纵向magic towel(遇水变大的)魔术毛巾mandate命令manOmade f iber人造纤维mar ine clay海洋粘土mar ket penetration市场渗透率mar ket shar e市场份额mask面具,口罩mat lining垫衬材mattress褥垫MD(machine direct ion)(布品)纵向mechanical bonding机械粘合法mechanical drawing process 机械牵伸法mechanical finishing机械后整理mechanical needling机械针刺mechanical properties机械特性medical bandage医用绷带medical dressing医用绷带medical establishments医疗机构medical eyepad医用眼垫medical gauze医用纱布medical mask医用口罩medical nonwovens医用非织造布medical supplies医疗用品medical swab医用拖把medical wrap医用包布melding熔合meltblown熔喷法meltblown web熔喷纤网meltObonded web热熔粘合纤维网melter熔胶器melting point熔点menswear男服metering pump计量泵MFI(melt f low index)熔融流动指数microbreak细微断丝microdenier细旦microfiber微细纤维micro fine glass fiber微细玻纤microor ganism微生物microporous polyolefin membrane微孔聚烯烃薄膜microw ave absorbing product微波吸收制品microw ave moisture monitor 微波水分监视仪miction排尿migration泳移mob cap松紧帽modular equipment模块设备modulus模量moisture水分molycular by molycular examination逐个分子检验molecular weight distribution 分子量分布monofilament单丝monolit hic membrane单片薄膜monomer单体mor phology形态学mouldability可塑性multibonded binding多重粘合multi module application多头成形机multi national links多国网络MVTR(moistur e v apor transmission rate)湿气传透率Nnapping起绒nasal analysis嗅觉分析NBC(nuclear/biolog ical/ chemical)protective apparel核工业、生物工程、化工用防护服needlebonding针刺结合法needle felt针刺毡needlepunched针刺法needlepunching针刺needling bo nding针刺结合法NET(nonwovens engineering technology)非织造工程技术neurolo gical神经病学的niche领域Non Contact/Non Wear ultr asonic bonding无接触、无磨损超声波粘合nondirectional无定向的non irritating无刺激性的nonisotropic非各向同性non negotiable无商议余地的nonwoven fabr ic softener富含软化剂的非织造布片材nonwovens非织造布,无纺布Nonwovens Industry!非织造布工业nonwovens matr ix非织造布基体nonwovens towel非织造布毛巾nozzle喷嘴nursing home小型疗养院nylon尼龙Oopacity不透明odor嗅味offset抵消,补偿oil spill absorber溅油吸收材料one-step manufactur ing process一步法生产工艺opener开包机opening开松operating room手术室ophthalmic眼科的optical proper ties光特性order of mag nitude数量级orientation定向oriented web定向纤维网orthog onal相互垂直的orthopedic矫形术orthopedic padding矫形术用纱布块ostomy bag filter造口术袋形过滤器outdoor clothing户外服装outpatient门诊病人own-label mar ket采用自己商标的市场o xidat ion氧化作用Ppackaging包装pallet码垛盘pant diaper裤样尿布pants裤子panty shield裤裆垫布pantistocking连袜裤paper-like纸一样的手感papermaking造纸paper pulp纸浆,浆粕patient room utensil病房用具patter n roll雕花辊pediatric儿科performance性能pesticides杀虫剂PET(polyethylene ter ephthalate)聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯phosphorus-based flame r etardant磷基阻燃剂pillow case枕套pilot plant中试装置planar-isotropic平面各向同性plastic pellet塑料粒料point bond点粘合point bonding点粘合polybag塑料袋polyester涤纶polyethylene terephthalate 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯polymer聚合物polymer-to-fabric process 聚合物成布工艺polypropylene聚丙烯polyurethane聚氨酯polyviny lalcohol fiber聚乙烯醇纤维poresize孔径po rosity孔隙度post-consum erwaste resin消费者用过的废树脂powder bonding粉末粘合poer-to-weight ratio功率-重量比PP(po lypropy lene)聚丙烯premature baby早产婴儿premoistened to welettes湿纸巾pressure drop压力降primary health care初级保健processability加工性能productivity生产率pro tecti ve apparel防护服puncture resi stance耐针刺Rradiant dryer辐射烘燥机railroad track absorbent matting铁轨减震垫randoen tangled web无定向缠结纤网random-laid web无定向纤网random shock无规电击random web无规纤网Rando w ebber兰多成网机rayon粘胶丝recovery复原regenerated fiber再生纤维reinforcement fabric(加厚)增强布品resiliency properties弹性resistance to tear propagation 抗扯裂传播retraction strength收缩强度retractive force收缩力reusables可重复使用的(布品)rheological characteristics流变特性robe长袍roll good卷材roofing屋面材料roofingm embrane屋面防水材料(油毡)roofing sheet屋面防水材料(油毡)Ssafety apparel安全服sandiwich structure夹层结构sanitary napkin卫生巾SAP(superabsorbent polymer)超级吸水聚合物saturating-bonding饱和浸渍粘合法saturation bonding饱和浸渍粘合scrubdress清洁工服装sealable可密封的sealing machine封口机seam strength密封强度self-bonding(纤网)自身粘合法sem i-durab le textile半耐用性纺织品share force剪切力sheath皮材sheet床单sheet integrity片材完整性shingle压合short cellulose fiber短纸浆纤维shot-free ceramic oxide fiber 无疵氧化陶瓷纤维shrinkage收缩率singeing烧毛skin friendly不伤皮肤的sku(stock keepi ng un its)库存单位slitti ng分切SMS(spunbond-meltblown-spunbond)纺粘-熔喷-纺粘复合工艺soft hand柔软手感softness柔软度soil retardant防污整理剂sonicvelocity声速Spandex氨纶spinneratte喷丝板spinning纺丝splice-free roll免切割布卷split film裂膜法sponge外科用纱布spray bonding喷洒粘合法spray spinning喷纺成形spunbond纺粘法spunbonds纺粘布制品spunbonded nonwovens纺粘法非织造布spunlaced纺络法spun web分丝成网squeezing roller压液辊stability稳定性staff appar el员工服staple fiber短纤维static shock静电电击steam sterilization pack蒸汽消毒组合装置step winding分步卷绕sterile无菌的,消毒的sterile wrap消毒包布stiff刚硬手感stiff structure刚性结构stitchbond缝编法stitchbonder缝编制品厂stitchbonding缝编stress strain curve应力应变关系曲线stretch拉伸strip tensile str ength带材抗张强度submicron fibr il亚微原纤维suede人造麂皮superabsorbent超级吸水材料supermarket chain超市连锁店surface abrasion resistance 表面耐磨性surface activeag ent表面活性剂surface energy表面能surgical drape手术帘surgical footw ear手术鞋袜surgical gown手术罩衣surgical headwear手术帽surgical mask手术口罩surgical table手术台surv ivability耐久性suspension悬浮swelling溶胀swimsuits游泳衣synthetic fiber合成纤维synthetic leat her合成Ttable cover台布tack定位缝合tactile触觉talc云母tea bag泡茶袋tear resistance抗撕裂性tear st rength撕裂强度temperature resistance耐温性tensile st reng th拉伸强度terephthalic acid对苯二酸tex tile like类纺织品therapeutic pr ocedure治疗过程thermal behav ior热力特性thermal bonded热粘合thermal calendering热轧法thermal insulation绝热thermoplastic热塑性thermoplastic elastomer合成橡胶thermoplastic r esin热塑性树脂thermoplastic matrix热塑性基体thickness厚度three dimensions三维through air热风法throughput产量toddler学步的儿童top sheet面材total randomization完全无规化toughness韧性traditional textile fabr ic传统纺织品training pants儿童训练裤transfer layer(卫生巾)液体转移层transpar ent透明的traverse w ind横动卷绕triboelectric property摩擦电特性tri folded sanitary napkin三折卫生巾tri lingual三种文字的trouble free无故障的twist ing加捻Uultrafine超细、超优ultra low formaldehy de超低甲醛含量ultrasonic bonding超声波粘合ultrasonic fabric sealing system超声波布品密封系统ultrasonic fusing超声波熔合ultra thin超薄ultravio let photot herapy紫外线疗法underpad垫子unifo rmity 均匀性unisex单一性别(专用)universal w ind万向卷绕unor iented无定向的unr av eling散开upholstery室内装饰urine尿UV light r esistance抗紫外线UV stabilized green fiber紫外线稳定的绿色纤维Vventuri feed tube文丘里喂入管versatility多样性,通用性vinyl acetate ethylene binder 醋酸乙烯酯粘接剂。
交叉节理类岩石裂隙扩展规律研究
交叉节理类岩石裂隙扩展规律研究陈云娟;刘洪钊;尹福强;崔亦秦;刘华军【摘要】交叉节理是岩体工程中普遍存在的一种不连续体,其裂隙扩展对岩体工程的安全具有重要的影响,研究交叉节理类岩石裂隙扩展规律,可为岩体工程安全施工和稳定性分析提供参考依据.文章基于相似理论,以砂岩为原型,通过多组配比试验选配抗压强度为1:1的类岩石试件,并分别对单、双X型节理试件进行单轴压缩试验,研究单向加载条件下交叉节理的裂隙扩展规律,采用非连续变形分析方法(DDARF)对裂隙扩展过程进行数值模拟,并与室内试验进行对比.结果表明:单X型节理岩体裂隙扩展会以某一条节理为起裂节理,并沿起裂节理迅速扩展,释放能量达到新的平衡;对于双X型节理岩体,某组X型节理会起主控作用,直到试件破坏.DDARF可以较好地模拟裂隙的扩展路径,与室内试验相辅相成,共同揭示交叉节理的裂隙扩展规律.【期刊名称】《山东建筑大学学报》【年(卷),期】2019(034)002【总页数】5页(P22-26)【关键词】类岩石试件;交叉节理;裂隙扩展;室内试验;非连续变形分析【作者】陈云娟;刘洪钊;尹福强;崔亦秦;刘华军【作者单位】山东建筑大学土木工程学院,山东济南 250101;山东建筑大学土木工程学院,山东济南 250101;山东省国土测绘院,山东济南 250102;山东建筑大学土木工程学院,山东济南 250101;山东建筑大学资产处,山东济南250101【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TU4580 引言自然界岩体含有许多形态各异、大小不等的不连续面，其存在很大程度上影响了岩体的力学特性和强度特性。
交叉节理是自然界岩体不连续面的一种普遍存在形式，研究交叉节理岩体受压条件下的破坏规律对于岩体工程稳定性分析具有重要意义[1-4] 。
由于试验条件和试验装置的限制，目前的研究主要集中于单节理、平行节理、断续节理、洞室等不连续体形式，对于交叉节理岩体裂隙扩展规律的研究比较少。
近几年，越来越多的学者开始关注并深入研究交叉节理岩体裂隙扩展的规律。
Thoracic Cavity
– CT w/ numerous elastic fibers
Other Contents of Mediastinum
• Esophagus
– Pharynx to Stomach – Passes thru diaphragm at esophageal hiatus – Anterior to vertebrae, Posterior to trachea
The Thoracic Cavity
Boundaries of and Structures Within
Cavities
• Dorsal body cavity • Ventral body cavity
– Abdominopelvic
• Abdominal • Pelvic
– Divided by Diaphragm – Thoracic
Specific Location of Lungs
• Right Lung
– 1” above Rib 1 – Crosses Costal Cartilage 6 – Midclavicular at Rib 6 – Midaxillary at Rib 8 – Vertebral Border at Rib 10 – Inferior border 2 rib widths
bronchioles (not found around alveoli)
Respiratory Zone (continued)
• Lining the Walls of Alveoli
– Respiratory Membrane
• Type I cells = simple squamous epithelial cells
Advances in discrete element modelling of underground
REVIEW ARTICLEAdvances in discrete element modelling of underground excavationsCarlos Labra ÆJerzy Rojek ÆEugenio On˜ate ÆFrancisco ZarateReceived:5November 2007/Accepted:6May 2008/Published online:17July 2008ÓSpringer-Verlag 2008Abstract The paper presents advances in the discrete element modelling of underground excavation processes extending modelling possibilities as well as increasing computational efficiency.Efficient numerical models have been obtained using techniques of parallel computing and coupling the discrete element method with finite element method.The discrete element algorithm has been applied to simulation of different excavation processes,using dif-ferent tools,TBMs and roadheaders.Numerical examples of tunnelling process are included in the paper,showing results in the form of rock failure,damage in the material,cutting forces and tool wear.Efficiency of the code for solving large scale geomechanical problems is also shown.Keywords Coupling ÁDiscrete element method ÁFinite element method ÁParallel computation ÁTunnelling1IntroductionA discrete element algorithm is a numerical technique which solves engineering problems that are modelled as a large system of distinct interacting bodies or particles that are subject to gross motion.The discrete element method (DEM)is widely recognized as a suitable tool to model geomaterials [1,2,4,8].The method presents important advantages in simulation of strong discontinuities such as rock fracturing during an underground excavation or rock failure induced by a tunnel excavation.It is difficult to solve such problems using conventional continuum-based procedures such as the finite element method (FEM).The DEM makes possible the simulation of different excavation processes [5,7]allowing the determination of the damage of the rock or soil,or evaluation of cutting forces in rock excavation with roadheaders or TBMs.Different possibil-ities of DEM applications in simulation of tunnelling process are shown in the paper.Examples include new developments like evaluation of tool wear in rock cutting processes.The main problem in a wider use of this method is the high computational cost required by the simulations first of all due to large number of discrete elements usually required.Different strategies are possible in addressing this problem.This paper will present two approaches:parall-elization and coupling the DEM and FEM.Parallelization techniques are useful for the simulation of large-scale problems,where the number of particles involved does not allow the use of a single processor,or where the single processor calculation would require an extremely long time.A shared memory parallelization of the DEM algorithm is presented in the paper.A high per-formance code for the simulation of tunnel construction problems is described and examples of the efficiency of thebra ÁE.On˜ate ÁF.Zarate International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering,Technical University of Catalonia,Gran Capitan s/n,08034Barcelona,Spaine-mail:clabra@ E.On˜ate e-mail:onate@ F.Zaratee-mail:zarate@J.Rojek (&)Institute of Fundamental Technological Research,PolishAcademy of Sciences,Swietokrzyska 21,00049Warsaw,Poland e-mail:jrojek@.plActa Geotechnica (2008)3:317–322DOI 10.1007/s11440-008-0071-2code for solving large-scale geomechanical problems are shown in the paper.In many cases discontinuous material failure is localized in a portion of the domain,the rest of it can be treated as continuum.Continuous material is usually modelled more efficiently using the FEM.In such problems coupling of the discrete element method with the FEM can provide an optimum solution.Discrete elements are used only in a portion of the analysed domain where material fracture occurs,while outside the DEM subdomainfinite elements can be bining these two methods in one model of rock cutting allows us to take advantages of each method. The paper presents a coupled discrete/finite element tech-nique to model underground excavation employing the theoretical formulation initiated in[5]and further devel-oped in[6].2Discrete element method formulationThe discrete element model assumes that material can be represented by an assembly of distinct particles or bodies interacting among themselves.Generally,discrete elements can have arbitrary shape.In this work the formulation employing cylindrical(in2D)or spherical(in3D)rigid particles is used.Basic formulation of the discrete element formulation using spherical or cylindrical particles wasfirst proposed by Cundall and Strack[1].Similar formulation has been developed by the authors[5,7]and implemented in the explicit dynamic code Simpact.The code has a lot of original features like modelling of tool wear in rock cut-ting,thermomechanical coupling and other capabilities not present in commercial discrete element codes.Translational and rotational motion of rigid spherical or cylindrical elements is described by means of the Newton–Euler equations of rigid body dynamics:M D€r D¼F D;J D_X D¼T Dð1Þwhere r D is the position vector of the element centroid in a fixed(inertial)coordinate frame,X D is the angular veloc-ity,M D is the diagonal matrix with the element mass on the diagonal,J D is the diagonal matrix with the element moment of inertia on the diagonal,F D is the vector of resultant forces,and T D is the vector of resultant moments about the element central axes.Vectors F D and T D are sums of all forces and moments applied to the element due to external load,contact interactions with neighbouring spheres and other obstacles,as well as forces resulting from damping in the system.Equations of motion(1)are inte-grated in time using the central difference scheme.The overall behaviour of the system is determined by the cohesive/frictional contact laws assumed for the inter-action between contacting rigid spheres(or discs in2D).The contact law can be seen as the formulation of the material model on the microscopic level.Modelling of rock or cohesive zones requires contact models with cohesion allowing tensile interaction force between particle.In the present work the simplest of the cohesive models,the elastic perfectly brittle model is used.This model is char-acterized by linear elastic behaviour when cohesive bonds are active:r¼k n u n;s¼k t u tð2Þwhere r and s are the normal and tangential contact force, respectively,k n and k t are the interface stiffness in the normal and tangential directions and u n and u t the normal and tangential relative displacements,respectively. Cohesive bonds are broken instantaneously when the interface strength is exceeded in the tangential direction by the tangential contact force or in the normal direction by the tensile contact force.The failure(decohesion)criterion is written as:r R n;j s j R t;ð3Þwhere R n and R t are the interface strengths in the normal and tangential directions,respectively.Breakage of cohe-sive bonds allows us to simulate fracture of material and its propagation.In the absence of cohesion the frictional contact is assumed with the Coulomb friction model.3Coupling the DEM and FEMIn the present work the so-called explicit dynamic formu-lation of the FEM is used.The explicit FEM is based on the solution of discretized equations of motion written in the current configuration in the following form:M F€r F¼F ext FÀF int Fð4Þwhere M F is the mass matrix,r F is the vector of nodal displacements,F F ext and F F int are the vectors of external loads and internal forces,respectively.Similarly to the DEM algorithm,the central difference scheme is used for time integration of(4).It is assumed that the DEM and FEM can be applied in different subdomains of the same body.The DEM and FEM subdomains,however,do not need to be disjoint—they can overlap each other.The common part of the subdomains is the part where both discretization types are used with gradually varying contribution of each modelling method.This idea follows that used for molecular dynamics coupling with a continuous model in[9].The coupling of DEM and FEM subdomains is provided by additional kinematical constraints.Interface discrete elements are constrained by the displacementfield of overlapping interfacefinite elements.Making use of thesplit of the global vector of displacements of discrete ele-ments,r D ,into the unconstrained part,r DU ,and the constrained one,r DC ,r D ={r DU ,r DC }T ,additional kine-matic relationships can be written jointly in the matrix notation as follows:v ¼r DC ÀNr F ¼0;ð5Þwhere N is the matrix containing adequate shape functions.Additional kinematic constraints (5)can be imposed by the Lagrange multiplier or penalty method.The set of equations of motion for the coupled DEM/FEM system with the penalty coupling is as follows"M F 0000"M DU 0000"M DC 0000"J D26643775€r F €r DU €r DC _X D 8>><>>:9>>=>>;¼"F ext F À"F int F þN T k DF v "F DU"F DC Àk DF v "T D 8>><>>:9>>=>>;ð6Þwhere k DF is the diagonal matrix containing on its diagonal the values of the discrete penalty function,and globalmatrices "M F ;"M DU ;"M DC and "J D ;and global vectors"F int F ;"F ext F ;"F DU ;"F DC and "T D are obtained by aggregation of adequate elemental matrices and vectors taking into account appropriate contributions from the discrete and finite element parts.Equation (6)can be integrated in time using the standard central difference scheme.4Application of DEM to simulation of tunnelling process Fracture of rock or soil as well as interaction between a tunnelling machine and rock during an excavation process can be simulated by means of the DEM.This kind of analysis enables the comparison of the excavation process under different conditions.4.1Simulation of tunnelling with a TBMSimplified models of a tunnelling process must be used due to a high computational cost of a full-scale simulation in this case.We assume that the TBM is modelled as a cylinder with a special contact model for the tunnel face is adopted.Figure 1presents a simplified tunnelling process.The rock sample,with a diameter of 10m and a length of 7m,is discretized with randomly generated and densely com-pacted 40,988spheres.Discretization of the TBM geometry employs 1,193rigid triangular elements.Tunnelling pro-cess has been carried out with prescribed horizontal velocity 5m/h and rotational velocity of 10rev/min.Rock properties of granite are used,and the microscopic DEM parameters corresponding to the macroscopic granite properties are obtained using the methodology described in [10].A special condition is adopted to eliminate the spherical particles in the face of the tunnel.Each particle,which is in contact with the TBM and lacks cohesive contacts with other particles,is removed from the model.Thus,the advance of the TBM and the absorption of the material in the shield of the TBM is modelled.Figure 1a,c presents the displacement of the TBM and the elimination of the rock material.The area affected by the loss of cohesive contacts,resulting in material failure is shown in Fig.2.This loss of cohesion can be considered as damage ,because it produces the change of the equivalent Young modulus.4.2Simulation of linear cutting test of single disccutter Simulation of the linear cutting test was performed.A rock sample with dimensions of 13591095cm is repre-sented by an assembly of randomly generated and densely compacted 40,449spherical elements of radii ranging from 0.08to 0.60cm.The granite properties are assumed in the simulation and appropriate DEM parameters are evaluated.The disc cutter is treated as a rigid body and the parameters describing its interaction with the rock are as follows:contact stiffness modulus k n =10GPa,Coulomb friction coefficient l =0.8.The velocity of the disc cutter is assumed to be 10m/s.Fig.1Simulation of TBM excavation:Evolution and elimination ofmaterialFig.2Simulation of TBM excavation:Damage over tunnel surfaceFigure 3a shows the discretization of the disc cutter.Only the area of the cutter ring in direct interaction with the rock is discretized with discrete elements due to the com-putational cost reasons.The whole model is presented in Fig.3b.The evolution of the normal cutting force during the process is depicted in Fig.4a.The values of the forces should be validated,because the boundary condition can affect the results.The evolution of the wear,using the for-mulation presented in [5],can be seen in Fig.4b.The elimination of the discrete elements,where the wear exceed the prescribed limit,permit the modification of the disc cutter shape,which leads to a change of the interaction forces.In the present case,a low value of the wear constant is considered,in order to maintain the initial tool shape.Accumulated wear indicates the areas where the removal of the tool material is most intensive.An acceleration of the wear process using higher values of the wear constant is required in order to obtain in a short time considered in the analysis the amount of wear equivalent to real working time.5High performance simulationsOne of the main problems with the DEM simulation is the computational cost.The contact search,the force calcula-tion for each contact,and the large number of elements necessary to resolve a real life problem requires a high computational effort.High performance computation,and parallel implementation could be necessary to run simu-lations with large number of time steps.The advances of the computer capabilities during last years and the use of multiprocessors techniques enable the use of parallel computing methods for the discrete element analysis of large scale real problems.A shared memory parallel version of the code is tested.The main idea is to make a partition of the mesh of particles and use each processor for the contact calculation at different parts of the mesh.The partition process is performed using a special-ized library [3].The calculation of the cohesive contacts requires most of the computational cost.A special structure for the database,and the dynamic load balance is used in order to obtain a good performance for the simulations.Two different structures for the contact data are used in order to have a good management of the information.The first data structure is created for the initial cohesive contacts,where a static array can be used.The other data structureisFig.3Linear cutting test simulation:a cutter ring with partial discretization;b full discretized model0.014Table 1Times for different number of processors Time (s)versus processors 124Total404.31272.93156.85Static contacts (per step)0.12790.06920.0351Dynamic contacts (per step)0.00590.00570.0055Time integration (per step)0.04260.03570.0344Speed up1.001.842.58designed for the dynamic contacts,occurring in the process of rock fragmentation,and the interaction between differ-ent bodies.The management of this kind of contact is completely dynamic,and it is not necessary to store vari-ables with the history information.Table 1presents the times of parallel simulations of a tunnelling process,which was described earlier.The main computational cost is due to the cohesive contacts evalu-ation.The results shown in the table confirm that a good speed-up has been achieved.6DEM and DEM/FEM simulation of rock cutting A process of rock cutting with a single pick of a roadheader cutter-head has been simulated using discrete and hybrid discrete/finite element models.In the hybrid DEM/FEM model discrete elements have been used in the part of rock mass subjected to fracture,while the other part have been discretized with finite elements.In both models the tool is considered rigid,assuming the elasticity of the tool is irrelevant for the purpose of modelling of rock fracture.Figure 5presents results of DEM and DEM/FEM sim-ulation.Both models produce similar failures of rock during cutting.Cutting forces obtained using these two models are compared in Fig.6.Both curves show oscilla-tions typical for cutting of brittle rock.In both cases similar values of amplitudes are observed.Mean values of cutting forces agree very well.This shows that combined DEM/FEM simulation gives similar results to a DEM analysis,while being more efficient numerically—computation time has been reduced by half.7Conclusions •Discrete element method using spherical or cylindrical rigid particles is a suitable tool in modelling of underground excavation processes.•Use of the model in a particular case requires calibra-tion of the discrete element model using available experimental results.•Discrete element simulations of real engineering prob-lems require large computation time and memory resources.•Efficiency of discrete element computation can be improved using technique of parallel computations.Parallelization makes possible the simulation of large problems.•The combination of discrete and finite elements is an effective approach for simulation of underground rock excavation.Acknowledgments The work has been sponsored by the EU project TUNCONSTRUCT (contract no.IP 011817-2)coordinated by Prof.G.Beer (TU Graz,Austria).References1.Cundall PA,Strack ODL (1979)A discrete numerical method for granular assemblies.Geotechnique29:47–65Fig.5Simulation of rock cutting:a DEM model,b DEM/FEM model2.Campbell CS(1990)Rapid granularflows.Annu Rev Fluid Mech2:57–923.Karypis G,Kumar V(1998)A fast and high quality multilevelscheme for partitioning irregular graphs.SIAM J Sci Comput 20:359–3924.Mustoe G(ed)(1992)Eng Comput9(2).Special issue5.On˜ate E,Rojek J(2004)Combination of discrete element andfinite element methods for dynamic analysis of geomechanics put Methods Appl Mech Eng193:3087–3128 6.Rojek J(2007)Modelling and simulation of complex problems ofnonlinear mechanics using thefinite and discrete element meth-ods(in Polish).Habilitiation Thesis,Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences,Warsaw7.Rojek J,On˜ate E,Zarate F,Miquel J(2001)Modelling of rock,soil and granular materials using spherical elements.In:2nd European conference on computational mechanics ECCM-2001, Cracow,26–29June8.Williams JR,O’Connor R(1999)Discrete element simulationand the contact problem.Arch Comp Meth Eng6(4):279–304 9.Xiao SP,Belytschko T(2004)A bridging domain method forcoupling continua with molecular put Methods Appl Mech Eng193:1645–166910.Zarate F,Rojek J,On˜ate E,Labra C(2007)A methodology todetermine the particle properties in2d and3d dem simulations.In:ECCOMAS thematic conference on computational methods in tunnelling EURO:TUN-2007,Vienna,Austria,27–29August。
25_-_Ionization_Chambers_II
Wall Thickness (cont.)
• For photon fields the required wall thickness can be taken (conservatively) as being equal to the range of the maximum-energy secondary electrons set in motion by the photons in the wall itself or in other nearby media • In this connection it should be remembered that photoelectrons from nearby high-Z beam collimators may be more energetic than the maximum-energy Compton-recoil-electrons generated in low-Z walls, in which case requirement (a) above is more stringent than (b)
江苏水利厅提名2019年江苏科学技术奖项目
江苏省水利厅提名2019年度江苏省科学技术奖项目项目名称软土地基盾构穿越构筑物的微扰动控制技术及应用完成人丰土根、钟小春，颜红勤、张箭、高玮、陈学东、王霆、翟高勇、任玉彬、蒋红樱、范昭平、秦建设、王静完成单位江苏省水利工程科技咨询股份有限公司，河海大学，南京地铁集团有限公司项目简介江苏南京地处长江下游，历史上秦淮河水系多次改迁，南京大范围形成了河漫滩软土地质。
根据南京市地铁建设规划，南京地铁和电力等管网建设将多次、反复穿越秦淮河、滁河和长江等堤防工程。
本项目从地质条件、盾构施工控制机理出发，探索了盾构微扰动控制理论及相关技术，系统开展了软弱地基盾构掘进穿越堤防、盾构穿越桥桩保障关键技术研究，取得了如下创新成果：（1）软弱地基盾构掘进开挖面稳定控制技术1）首次明确了富水砂层渣土喷涌发生机理及发生条件。
当排土口水流量超过3 cm3/s，或者水压力超过10kPa（1m水头）时，开始出现轻微喷涌，当排土口水流量超过4 cm3/s，或者水压力超过20kPa（1m水头）时，开始出现严重喷涌。
2）首次建立了富水砂层盾构螺旋排土器理论排渣模型根据隧道埋深确定压力舱开挖面支护压力，应用该模型可以确定掘进1环时间内不同流塑性质渣土的排渣方量。
这是首次建立起排渣方量与渣土性质之间的关系。
3）提出了盾构穿越堤防盾构开挖面确定的理论计算方法基于Flamant解答，提出了盾构隧道上覆土厚度变化时盾构开挖面合理支护压力的理论计算公式。
4）提出了盾构开挖面稳定的上限有限元方法建立下限有限元理论，编制了下限有限元程序，研究了开挖面稳定的支护压力与地层、埋深和隧道直径的计算公式。
（2）盾构掘进对软弱地层对构筑物影响及加固方法1）考虑盾构三维效应的二维边坡稳定分析方法基于Mindlin力学解答，建立了开挖面推力、盾壳与地层的摩擦力在弹性地基中力学计算公式，将盾构掘进的三维效应简化为二维条分法，便于工程应用推广。
2）基于堤防稳定性等效原则的堤防加固方案的快速确定方法基于地基中应力扩散原则，提出了加固宽度；基于盾构穿越堤防时的最不利位置，提出了加固桩布设位置；基于堤防稳定性等效原则，提出了由加固桩完全承受盾构推进过程传来的应力；通过以上三点可以快速确定加固方案。
Flac帮助文件导引
F2D442 Plastic Flow in a Punch Problem 在冲孔问题中的塑性流动
F2D443 Slope Failure Due to Surcharge Load in Weightless Material 边坡失稳由于堆载在失重材料
F2D450 Post-Peak Pillar Behavior and the Effects of Backfill Confinement 柱的峰后行为以及回填限制的影响
F2D451 Full-Scale Test Wall in Sand 全尺寸试验墙砂
F2D452 Stresses around a Pressurized Concrete Tunnel 加压混凝土隧道应力
F2D432 One-Dimensional Consolidation 一维固结
F2D433 Steady-State Fluid Flow with a Free Surface 拥有自由表面的稳定流体
F2D434 Unconfined Flow toward a Riverbank 朝河岸无侧限流
F2D466 FISH in FLAC PRECIS fish语言目录
F2D467 User’s Guide PRECIS 用户指南目录
F2D468 Example Applications PRECIS 例子应用目录
F2D470 Command and FISH Reference Summary PRECIS 命令及fish说明总结目录
F2D493 Lined Tunnel Construction in Saturated Ground 饱和土中衬砌隧道施工
岩土工程专业词汇英语翻译
以文本方式查看主题- 动力学与控制技术论坛 (/index.asp)-- 岩土力学 (/list.asp?boardid=33)---- [转帖]英汉岩土词典可用Excel打开 Tab (/dispbbs.asp?boardid=33&id=6162)-- 作者：cherishme-- 发布时间：2004-9-10 15:26:21-- [转帖]英汉岩土词典可用Excel打开 Tab分类序序号分类名词（中）名词（英）1 1. 综合类大地工程 geotechnical engineering2 1. 综合类反分析法 back analysis method3 1. 综合类基础工程 foundation engineering4 1. 综合类临界状态土力学 critical state soil mechanics5 1. 综合类数值岩土力学 numerical geomechanics6 1. 综合类土 "soil, earth"7 1. 综合类土动力学 soil dynamics8 1. 综合类土力学 soil mechanics9 1. 综合类岩土工程 geotechnical engineering10 1. 综合类应力路径 stress path11 1. 综合类应力路径法 stress path method12 2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩 metamorphic rock13 2. 工程地质及勘察标准冻深 standard frost penetration14 2. 工程地质及勘察冰川沉积 glacial deposit15 2. 工程地质及勘察冰积层（台） glacial deposit16 2. 工程地质及勘察残积土 "eluvial soil, residual soil"17 2. 工程地质及勘察层理 beding18 2. 工程地质及勘察长石 feldspar19 2. 工程地质及勘察沉积岩 sedimentary rock20 2. 工程地质及勘察承压水 confined water21 2. 工程地质及勘察次生矿物 secondary mineral22 2. 工程地质及勘察地质年代 geological age23 2. 工程地质及勘察地质图 geological map24 2. 工程地质及勘察地下水 groundwater25 2. 工程地质及勘察断层 fault26 2. 工程地质及勘察断裂构造 fracture structure27 2. 工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察 engineering geological exploration28 2. 工程地质及勘察海积层（台） marine deposit29 2. 工程地质及勘察海相沉积 marine deposit30 2. 工程地质及勘察花岗岩 granite31 2. 工程地质及勘察滑坡 landslide32 2. 工程地质及勘察化石 fossil33 2. 工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩 chemical sedimentary rock34 2. 工程地质及勘察阶地 terrace35 2. 工程地质及勘察节理 joint36 2. 工程地质及勘察解理 cleavage37 2. 工程地质及勘察喀斯特 karst38 2. 工程地质及勘察矿物硬度 hardness of minerals39 2. 工程地质及勘察砾岩 conglomerate40 2. 工程地质及勘察流滑 flow slide41 2. 工程地质及勘察陆相沉积 continental sedimentation42 2. 工程地质及勘察泥石流 "mud flow, debris flow"43 2. 工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物 clay minerals44 2. 工程地质及勘察凝灰岩 tuff45 2. 工程地质及勘察牛轭湖 ox-bow lake46 2. 工程地质及勘察浅成岩 hypabyssal rock47 2. 工程地质及勘察潜水 ground water48 2. 工程地质及勘察侵入岩 intrusive rock49 2. 工程地质及勘察取土器 geotome50 2. 工程地质及勘察砂岩 sandstone51 2. 工程地质及勘察砂嘴 "spit, sand spit"52 2. 工程地质及勘察山岩压力 rock pressure53 2. 工程地质及勘察深成岩 plutionic rock54 2. 工程地质及勘察石灰岩 limestone55 2. 工程地质及勘察石英 quartz56 2. 工程地质及勘察松散堆积物 rickle57 2. 工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台） confined ground water58 2. 工程地质及勘察泻湖 lagoon59 2. 工程地质及勘察岩爆 rock burst60 2. 工程地质及勘察岩层产状 attitude of rock61 2. 工程地质及勘察岩浆岩 "magmatic rock, igneous rock"62 2. 工程地质及勘察岩脉 "dike, dgke"63 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度 degree of rock weathering64 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石构造 structure of rock65 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石结构 texture of rock66 2. 工程地质及勘察岩体 rock mass67 2. 工程地质及勘察页岩 shale68 2. 工程地质及勘察原生矿物 primary mineral69 2. 工程地质及勘察云母 mica70 2. 工程地质及勘察造岩矿物 rock-forming mineral71 2. 工程地质及勘察褶皱 "fold, folding"72 2. 工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图 bore hole columnar section73 3. 土的分类饱和土 saturated soil74 3. 土的分类超固结土 overconsolidated soil75 3. 土的分类冲填土 dredger fill76 3. 土的分类充重塑土77 3. 土的分类冻土 "frozen soil, tjaele"78 3. 土的分类非饱和土 unsaturated soil79 3. 土的分类分散性土 dispersive soil80 3. 土的分类粉土 "silt, mo"81 3. 土的分类粉质粘土 silty clay82 3. 土的分类高岭石 kaolinite83 3. 土的分类过压密土（台） overconsolidated soil84 3. 土的分类红粘土 "red clay, adamic earth"85 3. 土的分类黄土 "loess, huangtu(China)"86 3. 土的分类蒙脱石 montmorillonite87 3. 土的分类泥炭 "peat, bog muck"88 3. 土的分类年粘土 clay89 3. 土的分类年粘性土 "cohesive soil, clayey soil"90 3. 土的分类膨胀土 "expansive soil, swelling soil"91 3. 土的分类欠固结粘土 underconsolidated soil92 3. 土的分类区域性土 zonal soil93 3. 土的分类人工填土 "fill, artificial soil"94 3. 土的分类软粘土 "soft clay, mildclay, mickle"95 3. 土的分类砂土 sand96 3. 土的分类湿陷性黄土 "collapsible loess, slumping loess"97 3. 土的分类素填土 plain fill98 3. 土的分类塑性图 plasticity chart99 3. 土的分类碎石土 "stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus" 100 3. 土的分类未压密土（台） underconsolidated clay101 3. 土的分类无粘性土 "cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil"102 3. 土的分类岩石 rock103 3. 土的分类伊利土 illite104 3. 土的分类有机质土 organic soil105 3. 土的分类淤泥 "muck, gyttja, mire, slush"106 3. 土的分类淤泥质土 mucky soil107 3. 土的分类原状土 undisturbed soil108 3. 土的分类杂填土 miscellaneous fill109 3. 土的分类正常固结土 normally consolidated soil110 3. 土的分类正常压密土（台） normally consolidated soil111 3. 土的分类自重湿陷性黄土 self weight collapse loess112 4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限 Atterberg limits113 4. 土的物理性质饱和度 degree of saturation114 4. 土的物理性质饱和密度 saturated density115 4. 土的物理性质饱和重度 saturated unit weight116 4. 土的物理性质比重 specific gravity117 4. 土的物理性质稠度 consistency118 4. 土的物理性质不均匀系数 "coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient"119 4. 土的物理性质触变 thixotropy120 4. 土的物理性质单粒结构 single-grained structure121 4. 土的物理性质蜂窝结构 honeycomb structure122 4. 土的物理性质干重度 dry unit weight123 4. 土的物理性质干密度 dry density124 4. 土的物理性质塑性指数 plasticity index125 4. 土的物理性质含水量 "water content, moisture content"126 4. 土的物理性质活性指数127 4. 土的物理性质级配 "gradation, grading "128 4. 土的物理性质结合水 "bound water, combined water, held water"129 4. 土的物理性质界限含水量 Atterberg limits130 4. 土的物理性质颗粒级配 "particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil"131 4. 土的物理性质可塑性 plasticity132 4. 土的物理性质孔隙比 void ratio133 4. 土的物理性质孔隙率 porosity134 4. 土的物理性质粒度 "granularity, grainness, grainage"135 4. 土的物理性质粒组 "fraction, size fraction"136 4. 土的物理性质毛细管水 capillary water137 4. 土的物理性质密度 density138 4. 土的物理性质密实度 compactionness139 4. 土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度 sensitivity of cohesive soil140 4. 土的物理性质平均粒径 "mean diameter, average grain diameter"141 4. 土的物理性质曲率系数 coefficient of curvature142 4. 土的物理性质三相图 "block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram"143 4. 土的物理性质三相土 tri-phase soil144 4. 土的物理性质湿陷起始应力 initial collapse pressure145 4. 土的物理性质湿陷系数 coefficient of collapsibility146 4. 土的物理性质缩限 shrinkage limit147 4. 土的物理性质土的构造 soil texture148 4. 土的物理性质土的结构 soil structure149 4. 土的物理性质土粒相对密度 specific density of solid particles150 4. 土的物理性质土中气 air in soil151 4. 土的物理性质土中水 water in soil152 4. 土的物理性质团粒 "aggregate, cumularpharolith"153 4. 土的物理性质限定粒径 constrained diameter154 4. 土的物理性质相对密度 "relative density, density index"155 4. 土的物理性质相对压密度 "relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient o f compaction"156 4. 土的物理性质絮状结构 flocculent structure157 4. 土的物理性质压密系数 coefficient of consolidation158 4. 土的物理性质压缩性 compressibility159 4. 土的物理性质液限 liquid limit160 4. 土的物理性质液性指数 liquidity index161 4. 土的物理性质游离水（台） free water162 4. 土的物理性质有效粒径 "effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size "163 4. 土的物理性质有效密度 effective density164 4. 土的物理性质有效重度 effective unit weight165 4. 土的物理性质重力密度 unit weight166 4. 土的物理性质自由水 "free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water"167 4. 土的物理性质组构 fabric168 4. 土的物理性质最大干密度 maximum dry density169 4. 土的物理性质最优含水量 optimum water content170 5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律 Darcy\'s law171 5. 渗透性和渗流管涌 piping172 5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线 phreatic line173 5. 渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度 critical hydraulic gradient174 5. 渗透性和渗流流函数 flow function175 5. 渗透性和渗流流土 flowing soil176 5. 渗透性和渗流流网 flow net177 5. 渗透性和渗流砂沸 sand boiling178 5. 渗透性和渗流渗流 seepage179 5. 渗透性和渗流渗流量 seepage discharge180 5. 渗透性和渗流渗流速度 seepage velocity181 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透力 seepage force182 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透破坏 seepage failure183 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透系数 coefficient of permeability184 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透性 permeability185 5. 渗透性和渗流势函数 potential function186 5. 渗透性和渗流水力梯度 hydraulic gradient187 6. 地基应力和变形变形 deformation188 6. 地基应力和变形变形模量 modulus of deformation189 6. 地基应力和变形泊松比 Poisson\'s ratio190 6. 地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解 Boussinnesq\'s solution191 6. 地基应力和变形残余变形 residual deformation192 6. 地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力 residual pore water pressure193 6. 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力 excess pore water pressure194 6. 地基应力和变形沉降 settlement195 6. 地基应力和变形沉降比 settlement ratio196 6. 地基应力和变形次固结沉降 secondary consolidation settlement197 6. 地基应力和变形次固结系数 coefficient of secondary consolidation198 6. 地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式 elastic formula for settlement calculation 199 6. 地基应力和变形分层总和法 layerwise summation method200 6. 地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力 negative pore water pressure201 6. 地基应力和变形附加应力 superimposed stress202 6. 地基应力和变形割线模量 secant modulus203 6. 地基应力和变形固结沉降 consolidation settlement204 6. 地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法 settlement calculation by specification205 6. 地基应力和变形回弹变形 rebound deformation206 6. 地基应力和变形回弹模量 modulus of resilience207 6. 地基应力和变形回弹系数 coefficient of resilience208 6. 地基应力和变形回弹指数 swelling index209 6. 地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值 allowable settlement of building210 6. 地基应力和变形剪胀 dilatation211 6. 地基应力和变形角点法 corner-points method212 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙气压力 pore air pressure213 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙水压力 pore water pressure214 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数A pore pressure parameter A215 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数B pore pressure parameter B216 6. 地基应力和变形明德林解 Mindlin\'s solution217 6. 地基应力和变形纽马克感应图 Newmark chart218 6. 地基应力和变形切线模量 tangent modulus219 6. 地基应力和变形蠕变 creep220 6. 地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降 three-dimensional consolidation settlement 221 6. 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降 immediate settlement222 6. 地基应力和变形塑性变形 plastic deformation223 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性变形 elastic deformation224 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性模量 elastic modulus225 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态 state of elastic equilibrium226 6. 地基应力和变形体积变形模量 volumetric deformation modulus227 6. 地基应力和变形先期固结压力 preconsolidation pressure228 6. 地基应力和变形压缩层229 6. 地基应力和变形压缩模量 modulus of compressibility230 6. 地基应力和变形压缩系数 coefficient of compressibility231 6. 地基应力和变形压缩性 compressibility232 6. 地基应力和变形压缩指数 compression index233 6. 地基应力和变形有效应力 effective stress234 6. 地基应力和变形自重应力 self-weight stress235 6. 地基应力和变形总应力 total stress approach of shear strength236 6. 地基应力和变形最终沉降 final settlement237 7. 固结巴隆固结理论 Barron\'s consolidation theory238 7. 固结比奥固结理论 Biot\'s consolidation theory239 7. 固结超固结比 over-consolidation ratio240 7. 固结超静孔隙水压力 excess pore water pressure241 7. 固结次固结 secondary consolidation242 7. 固结次压缩（台） secondary consolidatin243 7. 固结单向度压密（台） one-dimensional consolidation244 7. 固结多维固结 multi-dimensional consolidation245 7. 固结固结 consolidation246 7. 固结固结度 degree of consolidation247 7. 固结固结理论 theory of consolidation248 7. 固结固结曲线 consolidation curve249 7. 固结固结速率 rate of consolidation250 7. 固结固结系数 coefficient of consolidation251 7. 固结固结压力 consolidation pressure252 7. 固结回弹曲线 rebound curve253 7. 固结井径比 drain spacing ratio254 7. 固结井阻 well resistance255 7. 固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应 Mandel-Cryer effect256 7. 固结潜变（台） creep257 7. 固结砂井 sand drain258 7. 固结砂井地基平均固结度 average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 259 7. 固结时间对数拟合法 logrithm of time fitting method260 7. 固结时间因子 time factor261 7. 固结太沙基固结理论 Terzaghi\'s consolidation theory262 7. 固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程 Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation263 7. 固结先期固结压力 preconsolidation pressure264 7. 固结压密（台） consolidation265 7. 固结压密度（台） degree of consolidation266 7. 固结压缩曲线 cpmpression curve267 7. 固结一维固结 one dimensional consolidation268 7. 固结有效应力原理 principle of effective stress269 7. 固结预压密压力（台） preconsolidation pressure270 7. 固结原始压缩曲线 virgin compression curve271 7. 固结再压缩曲线 recompression curve272 7. 固结主固结 primary consolidation273 7. 固结主压密（台） primary consolidation274 7. 固结准固结压力 pseudo-consolidation pressure275 7. 固结 K0固结 consolidation under K0 condition276 8. 抗剪强度安息角（台） angle of repose277 8. 抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度 undrained shear strength278 8. 抗剪强度残余内摩擦角 residual angle of internal friction279 8. 抗剪强度残余强度 residual strength280 8. 抗剪强度长期强度 long-term strength281 8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度 uniaxial tension test282 8. 抗剪强度动强度 dynamic strength of soils283 8. 抗剪强度峰值强度 peak strength284 8. 抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数 Hvorslev parameter285 8. 抗剪强度剪切应变速率 shear strain rate286 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度 shear strength287 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度参数 shear strength parameter288 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法 effective stress approach of shear strength289 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法 total stress approach of shear strength-- 作者：cherishme-- 发布时间：2004-9-10 15:27:32--290 8. 抗剪强度库仑方程 Coulomb\'s equation291 8. 抗剪强度摩尔包线 Mohr\'s envelope292 8. 抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论 Mohr-Coulomb theory293 8. 抗剪强度内摩擦角 angle of internal friction294 8. 抗剪强度年粘聚力 cohesion295 8. 抗剪强度破裂角 angle of rupture296 8. 抗剪强度破坏准则 failure criterion297 8. 抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度 vane strength298 8. 抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度 unconfined compression strength299 8. 抗剪强度有效内摩擦角 effective angle of internal friction300 8. 抗剪强度有效粘聚力 effective cohesion intercept301 8. 抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线 effective stress failure envelope302 8. 抗剪强度有效应力强度参数 effective stress strength parameter303 8. 抗剪强度有效应力原理 principle of effective stress304 8. 抗剪强度真内摩擦角 true angle internal friction305 8. 抗剪强度真粘聚力 true cohesion306 8. 抗剪强度总应力破坏包线 total stress failure envelope307 8. 抗剪强度总应力强度参数 total stress strength parameter308 9. 本构模型本构模型 constitutive model309 9. 本构模型边界面模型 boundary surface model310 9. 本构模型层向各向同性体模型 cross anisotropic model311 9. 本构模型超弹性模型 hyperelastic model312 9. 本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则 Drucker-Prager criterion313 9. 本构模型邓肯－张模型 Duncan-Chang model314 9. 本构模型动剪切强度315 9. 本构模型非线性弹性模量 nonlinear elastic model316 9. 本构模型盖帽模型 cap model317 9. 本构模型刚塑性模型 rigid plastic model318 9. 本构模型割线模量 secant modulus319 9. 本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则 extended von Mises yield criterion320 9. 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则 extended tresca yield criterion321 9. 本构模型加工软化 work softening322 9. 本构模型加工硬化 work hardening323 9. 本构模型加工硬化定律 strain harding law324 9. 本构模型剑桥模型 Cambridge model325 9. 本构模型柯西弹性模型 Cauchy elastic model326 9. 本构模型拉特－邓肯模型 Lade-Duncan model327 9. 本构模型拉特屈服准则 Lade yield criterion328 9. 本构模型理想弹塑性模型 ideal elastoplastic model329 9. 本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型 critical state elastoplastic model330 9. 本构模型流变学模型 rheological model331 9. 本构模型流动规则 flow rule332 9. 本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则 Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion333 9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型 endochronic plastic model334 9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论 endochronic theory335 9. 本构模型年粘弹性模型 viscoelastic model336 9. 本构模型切线模量 tangent modulus337 9. 本构模型清华弹塑性模型 Tsinghua elastoplastic model338 9. 本构模型屈服面 yield surface339 9. 本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型 Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method340 9. 本构模型双参数地基模型341 9. 本构模型双剪应力屈服模型 twin shear stress yield criterion342 9. 本构模型双曲线模型 hyperbolic model343 9. 本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则 Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion344 9. 本构模型塑性形变理论345 9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵 elastoplastic modulus matrix346 9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模型 elastoplastic modulus347 9. 本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论 incremental elastoplastic theory348 9. 本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型 elastic half-space foundation model349 9. 本构模型谈弹性变形 elastic deformation350 9. 本构模型谈弹性模量 elastic modulus351 9. 本构模型谈弹性模型 elastic model352 9. 本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型 Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model353 9. 本构模型文克尔地基模型 Winkler foundation model354 9. 本构模型修正剑桥模型 modified cambridge model355 9. 本构模型准弹性模型 hypoelastic model356 10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏 punching shear failure357 10. 地基承载力次层（台） substratum358 10. 地基承载力地基 "subgrade, ground, foundation soil"359 10. 地基承载力地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation soil360 10. 地基承载力地基极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 361 10. 地基承载力地基允许承载力 allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 362 10. 地基承载力地基稳定性 stability of foundation soil363 10. 地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式 Hansen\'s ultimate bearing capacity formula 364 10. 地基承载力极限平衡状态 state of limit equilibrium365 10. 地基承载力加州承载比（美国） California Bearing Ratio366 10. 地基承载力局部剪切破坏 local shear failure367 10. 地基承载力临塑荷载 critical edge pressure368 10. 地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式 Meyerhof\'s ultimate bearing capacity formula 369 10. 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论 Prandel bearing capacity theory370 10. 地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式 Skempton\'s ultimate bearing capacity formula 371 10. 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论 Terzaghi bearing capacity theory372 10. 地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式 Vesic\'s ultimate bearing capacity formula373 10. 地基承载力整体剪切破坏 general shear failure374 11. 土压力被动土压力 passive earth pressure375 11. 土压力被动土压力系数 coefficient of passive earth pressure376 11. 土压力极限平衡状态 state of limit equilibrium377 11. 土压力静止土压力 earth pressue at rest378 11. 土压力静止土压力系数 coefficient of earth pressur at rest379 11. 土压力库仑土压力理论 Coulomb\'s earth pressure theory380 11. 土压力库尔曼图解法 Culmannn construction381 11. 土压力朗肯土压力理论 Rankine\'s earth pressure theory382 11. 土压力朗肯状态 Rankine state383 11. 土压力谈弹性平衡状态 state of elastic equilibrium384 11. 土压力土压力 earth pressure385 11. 土压力主动土压力 active earth pressure386 11. 土压力主动土压力系数 coefficient of active earth pressure387 12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台） angle of repose388 12. 土坡稳定分析毕肖普法 Bishop method389 12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数 safety factor of slope390 12. 土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法 unbalanced thrust transmission method391 12. 土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法 Fellenius method of slices392 12. 土坡稳定分析库尔曼法 Culmann method393 12. 土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法 friction circle method394 12. 土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法 Morgenstern-Price method395 12. 土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度 critical height of vertical slope396 12. 土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法 Swedish circle method397 12. 土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法 Spencer method398 12. 土坡稳定分析泰勒法 Taylor method399 12. 土坡稳定分析条分法 slice method400 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡 slope401 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析 slope stability analysis402 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法 limit analysis method of slope stability403 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method of slope stability404 12. 土坡稳定分析休止角 angle of repose405 12. 土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法 Janbu general slice method406 12. 土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法 circular arc analysis407 13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量 specific gravity capacity408 13. 土的动力性质波的弥散特性 dispersion of waves409 13. 土的动力性质波速法 wave velocity method410 13. 土的动力性质材料阻尼 material damping411 13. 土的动力性质初始液化 initial liquefaction412 13. 土的动力性质地基固有周期 natural period of soil site413 13. 土的动力性质动剪切模量 dynamic shear modulus of soils414 13. 土的动力性质动力布西涅斯克解 dynamic solution of Boussinesq415 13. 土的动力性质动力放大因素 dynamic magnification factor416 13. 土的动力性质动力性质 dynamic properties of soils417 13. 土的动力性质动强度 dynamic strength of soils418 13. 土的动力性质骨架波 akeleton waves in soils419 13. 土的动力性质几何阻尼 geometric damping420 13. 土的动力性质抗液化强度 liquefaction stress421 13. 土的动力性质孔隙流体波 fluid wave in soil422 13. 土的动力性质损耗角 loss angle423 13. 土的动力性质往返活动性 reciprocating activity-- 作者：cherishme-- 发布时间：2004-9-10 15:29:23--424 13. 土的动力性质无量纲频率 dimensionless frequency425 13. 土的动力性质液化 liquefaction426 13. 土的动力性质液化势评价 evaluation of liquefaction potential427 13. 土的动力性质液化应力比 stress ratio of liquefaction428 13. 土的动力性质应力波 stress waves in soils429 13. 土的动力性质振陷 dynamic settlement430 13. 土的动力性质阻尼 damping of soil431 13. 土的动力性质阻尼比 damping ratio432 14. 挡土墙挡土墙 retaining wall433 14. 挡土墙挡土墙排水设施434 14. 挡土墙挡土墙稳定性 stability of retaining wall435 14. 挡土墙垛式挡土墙436 14. 挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙 counterfort retaining wall437 14. 挡土墙后垛墙（台） counterfort retaining wall438 14. 挡土墙基础墙 foundation wall439 14. 挡土墙加筋土挡墙 reinforced earth bulkhead440 14. 挡土墙锚定板挡土墙 anchored plate retaining wall441 14. 挡土墙锚定式板桩墙 anchored sheet pile wall442 14. 挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙 anchor rod retaining wall443 14. 挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙 cantilever sheet pile wall444 14. 挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙 cantilever sheet pile wall445 14. 挡土墙重力式挡土墙 gravity retaining wall446 15. 板桩结构物板桩 sheet pile447 15. 板桩结构物板桩结构 sheet pile structure448 15. 板桩结构物钢板桩 steel sheet pile449 15. 板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩 reinforced concrete sheet pile450 15. 板桩结构物钢桩 steel pile451 15. 板桩结构物灌注桩 cast-in-place pile452 15. 板桩结构物拉杆 tie rod453 15. 板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙 anchored sheet pile wall454 15. 板桩结构物锚固技术 anchoring455 15. 板桩结构物锚座 Anchorage456 15. 板桩结构物木板桩 wooden sheet pile457 15. 板桩结构物木桩 timber piles458 15. 板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙 cantilever sheet pile wall459 16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护 sheet pile-braced cuts460 16. 基坑开挖与降水电渗法 electro-osmotic drainage461 16. 基坑开挖与降水管涌 piping462 16. 基坑开挖与降水基底隆起 heave of base463 16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑降水 dewatering464 16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳 instability (failure) of foundation pit465 16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑围护 bracing of foundation pit466 16. 基坑开挖与降水减压井 relief well467 16. 基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法 dewatering method468 16. 基坑开挖与降水井点系统 well point system469 16. 基坑开挖与降水喷射井点 eductor well point470 16. 基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度 critical height of vertical slope 471 16. 基坑开挖与降水砂沸 sand boiling472 16. 基坑开挖与降水深井点 deep well point473 16. 基坑开挖与降水真空井点 vacuum well point474 16. 基坑开挖与降水支撑围护 braced cuts475 17. 浅基础杯形基础476 17. 浅基础补偿性基础 compensated foundation477 17. 浅基础持力层 bearing stratum478 17. 浅基础次层（台） substratum479 17. 浅基础单独基础 individual footing480 17. 浅基础倒梁法 inverted beam method481 17. 浅基础刚性角 pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 482 17. 浅基础刚性基础 rigid foundation483 17. 浅基础高杯口基础484 17. 浅基础基础埋置深度 embeded depth of foundation485 17. 浅基础基床系数 coefficient of subgrade reaction486 17. 浅基础基底附加应力 net foundation pressure487 17. 浅基础交叉条形基础 cross strip footing488 17. 浅基础接触压力 contact pressure489 17. 浅基础静定分析法（浅基础） static analysis (shallow foundation)490 17. 浅基础壳体基础 shell foundation491 17. 浅基础扩展基础 spread footing492 17. 浅基础片筏基础 mat foundation493 17. 浅基础浅基础 shallow foundation494 17. 浅基础墙下条形基础495 17. 浅基础热摩奇金法 Zemochkin\'s method496 17. 浅基础柔性基础 flexible foundation497 17. 浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析 structure- foundation-soil interaction analysis 498 17. 浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析 analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation499 17. 浅基础条形基础 strip footing500 17. 浅基础下卧层 substratum-- 作者：cherishme-- 发布时间：2004-9-10 15:30:35--501 17. 浅基础箱形基础 box foundation502 17. 浅基础柱下条形基础503 18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩 Benoto cast-in-place pile504 18. 深基础波动方程分析 Wave equation analysis505 18. 深基础场铸桩（台) cast-in-place pile506 18. 深基础沉管灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile507 18. 深基础沉井基础 open-end caisson foundation508 18. 深基础沉箱基础 box caisson foundation509 18. 深基础成孔灌注同步桩 synchronous pile510 18. 深基础承台 pile caps511 18. 深基础充盈系数 fullness coefficient512 18. 深基础单桩承载力 bearing capacity of single pile513 18. 深基础单桩横向极限承载力 ultimate lateral resistance of single pile514 18. 深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力 vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile515 18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力 vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile516 18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力 vertical allowable load capacity of single pile517 18. 深基础低桩承台 low pile cap518 18. 深基础地下连续墙 diaphgram wall519 18. 深基础点承桩（台） end-bearing pile520 18. 深基础动力打桩公式 dynamic pile driving formula521 18. 深基础端承桩 end-bearing pile522 18. 深基础法兰基灌注桩 Franki pile523 18. 深基础负摩擦力 negative skin friction of pile524 18. 深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩 precast reinforced concrete piles525 18. 深基础钢桩 steel pile526 18. 深基础高桩承台 high-rise pile cap527 18. 深基础灌注桩 cast-in-place pile528 18. 深基础横向载荷桩 laterally loaded vertical piles529 18. 深基础护壁泥浆 slurry coat method530 18. 深基础回转钻孔灌注桩 rotatory boring cast-in-place pile531 18. 深基础机挖异形灌注桩532 18. 深基础静力压桩 silent piling533 18. 深基础抗拔桩 uplift pile534 18. 深基础抗滑桩 anti-slide pile535 18. 深基础摩擦桩 friction pile536 18. 深基础木桩 timber piles537 18. 深基础嵌岩灌注桩 piles set into rock538 18. 深基础群桩 pile groups539 18. 深基础群桩效率系数 efficiency factor of pile groups540 18. 深基础群桩效应 efficiency of pile groups541 18. 深基础群桩竖向极限承载力 vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups542 18. 深基础深基础 deep foundation543 18. 深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力544 18. 深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩 rammed bulb ile545 18. 深基础旋转挤压灌注桩546 18. 深基础桩 piles547 18. 深基础桩基动测技术 dynamic pile test548 18. 深基础钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation549 18. 深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩 under-reamed bored pile550 18. 深基础钻孔压注桩 starsol enbesol pile551 18. 深基础最后贯入度 final set552 19. 地基处理表层压密法 surface compaction553 19. 地基处理超载预压 surcharge preloading554 19. 地基处理袋装砂井 sand wick555 19. 地基处理地工织物 "geofabric, geotextile"556 19. 地基处理地基处理 "ground treatment, foundation treatment"557 19. 地基处理电动化学灌浆 electrochemical grouting558 19. 地基处理电渗法 electro-osmotic drainage559 19. 地基处理顶升纠偏法560 19. 地基处理定喷 directional jet grouting561 19. 地基处理冻土地基处理 frozen foundation improvement562 19. 地基处理短桩处理 treatment with short pile563 19. 地基处理堆载预压法 preloading564 19. 地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法 powder deep mixing method565 19. 地基处理复合地基 composite foundation566 19. 地基处理干振成孔灌注桩 vibratory bored pile567 19. 地基处理高压喷射注浆法 jet grounting568 19. 地基处理灌浆材料 injection material569 19. 地基处理灌浆法 grouting570 19. 地基处理硅化法 silicification571 19. 地基处理夯实桩 compacting pile572 19. 地基处理化学灌浆 chemical grouting573 19. 地基处理换填法 cushion574 19. 地基处理灰土桩 lime soil pile575 19. 地基处理基础加压纠偏法576 19. 地基处理挤密灌浆 compaction grouting577 19. 地基处理挤密桩 "compaction pile, compacted column"578 19. 地基处理挤淤法 displacement method579 19. 地基处理加筋法 reinforcement method580 19. 地基处理加筋土 reinforced earth581 19. 地基处理碱液法 soda solution grouting582 19. 地基处理浆液深层搅拌法 grout deep mixing method583 19. 地基处理降低地下水位法 dewatering method584 19. 地基处理纠偏技术585 19. 地基处理坑式托换 pit underpinning586 19. 地基处理冷热处理法 freezing and heating587 19. 地基处理锚固技术 anchoring588 19. 地基处理锚杆静压桩托换 anchor pile underpinning589 19. 地基处理排水固结法 consolidation590 19. 地基处理膨胀土地基处理 expansive foundation treatment591 19. 地基处理劈裂灌浆 fracture grouting592 19. 地基处理浅层处理 shallow treatment593 19. 地基处理强夯法 dynamic compaction594 19. 地基处理人工地基 artificial foundation595 19. 地基处理容许灌浆压力 allowable grouting pressure596 19. 地基处理褥垫 pillow597 19. 地基处理软土地基 soft clay ground598 19. 地基处理砂井 sand drain599 19. 地基处理砂井地基平均固结度 average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 600 19. 地基处理砂桩 sand column-- 作者：cherishme-- 发布时间：2004-9-10 15:32:01--601 19. 地基处理山区地基处理 foundation treatment in mountain area602 19. 地基处理深层搅拌法 deep mixing method603 19. 地基处理渗入性灌浆 seep-in grouting604 19. 地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理 collapsible loess treatment605 19. 地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法 lime deep mixing method606 19. 地基处理石灰桩 "lime column, limepile"。