论文Microsoft Word 文档
word标准论文格式范文

word标准论文格式范文【篇一:正规论文的word格式】如何用word编辑参考文献每个需要写毕业论文的朋友都会发现,修改文献是一件非常痛苦的事情,虽然现在也有很多软件可以编排参考文献,其实word本身就可以。
采用合适的编辑方法会方便地做到整齐,规范,自动排序和交叉引用。
1.以尾注的方式插入第一个参考文献。
将光标定位于word文档中将要插入参考文献的位置,按“插入/引用/脚注和尾注”。
出现一菜单,选择“尾注”,“文档结尾”,编号格式为“1,2,3”。
按“插入”按钮。
2.按要求的格式输入参考文献内容。
这时你会发现文本中的序号“1”字是上标格式的,这是你所希望的。
但尾注中的“1”也是上标格式的,这不是你希望的。
其余的格式也不合你愿,别急。
用鼠标在最左侧处选中尾注中的序号“1”,按快捷键“ctrl+shift+=”就可以使序号不再是上标,或用鼠标右击,出现一菜单,选择“字体”,在第二张菜单中去掉“效果”栏中“上标”前面的“√”。
3.说明:序号周围有似隐似现的框,这表示所插入手稿的尾注是一种“域”,不必理会它。
插入第二个尾注的方法是同样的。
word会根据所在位置的前后自动排序。
在第一个参考文献的前面有一条横线,你会发现无法删除。
它叫“尾注分隔符”。
4. 去除“尾注分隔符”我们一般的编辑界面叫“页面视图” ,选择“视图/普通”进入普通视图。
按“视图/脚注”,此时编辑界面分为两个部分,下面的编辑框是尾注编辑框。
选择尾注编辑框中的“尾注”下拉框,选择“尾注分隔符”,出现一条横线,选择该横线,删除它,再选择“尾注延续分隔符”,也会出现一条横线(这是尾注分页时会出现的很长的横线),选择该横线,删除它。
关闭后,再按“视图/页面”切换回来。
5. 交叉引用当你在文档中第n(n=2)次引用前面文档曾经引用过的文献时,这时宜采用“交叉引用”。
方法:按“插入/引用/交叉引用”,出现一菜单,在引用类型中选择“尾注”,引用内容为“尾注编号”,这时在菜单中会出现你曾经编写过的所有尾注,选择你需要的,按“插入”按钮即完成交叉引用了。
议论文论证方法 Microsoft Word 文档

如何分析并论证事例分析事例就是对所举的事例进行分析议论,阐明事例和论点之间的联系,使事例与论点水乳交融。
事实上,举例只是议论的手段,说理才是议论的目的。
因此,要力求做到精选事例与深入说理相互结合,做到事与理之间的契合、呼应与阐发,以避免“议论文=材料+观点”的弊病。
常见的析例方法:一、探因分析法探因分析法,也叫因果分析法。
这种分析法就是从因果关系上把论点与论据联系起来。
具体地说,就是对事例中的行为和结果,沿着“为什么”这条思路,探其根源,发现其本质,使内容逐步深化。
如为证明“人要立志”这一论点,叙述这样一个故事:据说,牛顿小的时候并不聪明,有一次,父亲叫他在门上打个洞,让大猫和小猫出去方便些,他却打了两个大洞,说是因为有两只小洞物。
尽管如此,牛顿立志探索科学的奥秘过程中,因刻苦钻研取得累累硕果。
接着用探因分析法就是:一个人立了志,就像机器上按了发动机,就有了使不完的劲。
牛顿正是因为在这种“使不完的劲”的推动下,取得了巨大的成就,成为著名的科学家。
这正是在举出事例之后,沿着牛顿为什么会成为科学家的思路,探究其根源,从而证明了“人要立志”这一论点。
此类分析法常常用“这是什么原因造成的呢?原来……”引出探究和剖析事理的文字。
二、假设论证法假设论证法就是针对着上面所举的事,从反面进行假设,进而推论论据的真实性、可靠性,从而有力地论证中心论点。
范例:海尔集团始终坚持以技术作为发展的手段和依托。
在十几年的发展过程中,从引进技术到整合国内外资源、自主创新,坚持“技术创新课题来自于市场难题”和“设计创造高质量、高附加值”的研发理念,通过技术创新使集团在中国市场和国际市场上取得长期的成功,营业额年平均增长率达到78%,持续保持在家电与其它在相关领域的领先地位。
可见,海尔的成功在于创新。
假如海尔集团因循守旧,不进行技术创新,不更新研发理论,也许海尔早就被市场所淘汰,“海尔”这个品牌也不会闻名中外。
正是由于海尔集团的不断创新,打响了“海尔”这个品牌。
生物膜法论文 Microsoft Word 文档

目录目录 (1)摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第一章引言 (1)1.1绪论 (1)1.2生物膜法概念 (1)1.3生物膜法的性质 (2)1.4生物膜法的分类 (2)1.4.1润壁型生物膜法 (2)1.4.2浸没型生物膜法 (2)1.4.3流动床型生物膜法 (3)1.5生物膜法的特点 (3)1.6生物膜法净化污水机理 (3)1.7生物膜的应用 (4)1.8生物膜法在我国城市污水处理中的前景 (4)第二章举例说明 (5)2.1环境中磷的污染 (5)2.2淹没式生物膜法除磷 (5)2.3淹没式生物膜法除磷原理 (6)2.4淹没式生物膜法除磷工艺流程 (7)2.6试验材料 (9)2.7实验方法 (10)2.8系统运行应特别注意的问题 (11)2.9异常问题及解决对策 (11)第三章结果与讨论 (12)3.1实验结果 (12)3.2实验结果与讨论 (13)3.3结论 (13)第四章展望 (14)参考文献 (15)致谢 (16)摘要生物膜法的分类、性质、应用、特点以及生物膜法净化污水的机理和生物膜法在我国城市污水处理中的前景。
以淹没式生物膜法除磷为例,详细的介绍了生物膜法除磷的工作原理、工艺流程,以及生物膜法系统运行应特别注意的问题和异常问题及解决对策。
总结实验结果,对生物膜法处理废水的展望。
关键词:生物膜法;淹没式生物膜法;磷沈阳职业技术学院专业综合能力考核(论文)AbstractThe biological membrane method's classifications, the nature, apply the characteristic as well as the biological membrane method purification sewage mechanism and the biological membrane method in our country urban sewage processing prospect. Take the submergence type biology membrane method eliminates the phosphorus as an example, the detailed introduction biology membrane method has eliminated the phosphorus the principle of work, the technical process, as well as the biological membrane method systems operation should the special attention question and the unusual question and the solution countermeasure. Summary experimental result, to biological membrane method processing waste water forecast.Key :Biological membrane method; Submergence type biology membrane method; Phosphorus第一章引言1.1绪论在自然界中,存在大量依靠有机物生存的微生物。
毕业论文写作中的Word小技巧

毕业论文写作中的Word小技巧论文的排版是让许多人头疼的问题,尤其是论文需要多次修改时更加令人头疼。
本文将给你提供一些用microsoftword进行论文排版的技巧,使你的论文排版更加方便和轻松,以便把更多的精力放在论文的内容上而不是文字的编排上。
这些技巧不只在论文写作中可以使用,在写其他文档时也可以使用。
本文将分三个专题来讲解论文排版问题的解决方法及一些小技巧。
一、目录的制作目录是用来列出文档中的各级标题及标题在文档中相对应的页码。
首先介绍word的一个概念:大纲级别。
word使用层次结构来组织文档,大纲级别就是段落所处层次的级别编号,word提供9级大纲级别,对一般的文档来说足够使用了。
word的目录提取是基于大纲级别和段落样式的,在normal模板中已经提供了内置的标题样式,命名为“标题1”、“标题2”,…,“标题9”,分别对应大纲级别的1-9。
我们也可以不使用内置的标题样式而采用自定义样式,略有些麻烦。
下文中的目录制作方法直接使用word的内置标题样式,关于自定义样式的方法请参阅word的帮助文档。
目录的制作分三步展开。
1、修改标题样式的格式。
通常word内置的标题样式不符合论文格式要求,需要手动修改。
在菜单栏上点“格式︱样式”,列表下拉框中选“所有样式”,点击相应的标题样式,然后点“更改”。
可修改的内容包括字体、段落、制表位和编号等,按论文格式的要求分别修改标题1-3的格式。
2、在各个章节的标题段落应用领域适当的格式。
章的标题采用“标题1”样式,节标题采用“标题2”,第三层次标题采用“标题3”。
采用样式去设置标题的格式除了一个优点,就是修改标题的格式非常便利。
假如必须把所有一级标题的字号改成大三,只需修改“标题1”样式的格式设置,然后自动更新,所有章的标题字号都变成大三号,不必手工回去一一修正,即为麻烦又难失效。
关于如何应用领域样式和自动更新样式,恳请参照word协助。
3、提取目录。
按论文格式要求,目录放在正文的前面。
论文苍蝇的价值Microsoft Word 文档

2013暑假作业:科技小论文苍蝇的价值作者:张立强所在班级:高一(14)班引言老师常对我们说,人活着就要有意义,要有人生的价值,有的人平平庸庸过一生,有的轰轰烈烈过一生,都各有各的人生观和价值观。
而一种昆虫---苍蝇也有它们不同的价值,苍蝇生命期只有30天左右,虽然它们的生命周期很短,却最能体现自身的价值,苍蝇从蝇蛹里钻出来,三天就能达到性成熟,4天后就开始交尾产卵,每次产卵能达到300粒左右,一对苍蝇可延续繁殖后代上亿只,卵只需要8-24小时就能孵化出小蛆,小蛆通过3-4天的吃食就可长成成蛆,成虫蝇蛆就可以运用起来作饲料或保健品。
由此看来,苍蝇在抓紧为自己繁育下一代,在生命最短的时间里体现自身的价值。
苍蝇常出没于肮脏的地方,以脏、臭、腐烂的东西为食,这些变质的东西是带有病菌的,苍蝇的腿有很多绒毛,这些绒毛很容易粘染上病菌,苍蝇会把这些病菌带到食物上,人吃了这些带病菌的食物就会生病,所以人们非常讨厌这些小家伙,只要一看见就要会喊打。
但是苍蝇常出没于肮脏的地方,它为什么就不会生病呢?正因如此,给科学家们一个启发,科学家研究,苍体内有多种抗菌素,当病菌侵入苍蝇体内,威胁着它的机体健康时,它的免疫系统就会立即释放出两种免疫蛋白来抵抗,并很快把这些细菌杀光,它的杀菌力要比青霉素、庆大霉素等抗菌素大得多。
裕话说:有利有弊,水是有害的,它会淹死人;电是有害的,它会电死人,但我们可以合理地把它们利用起来,做好防范工作,也可为人类造福。
苍蝇也是一样,也是有害有利,苍蝇和蝇蛆体内不但有抗菌物质,还含有高蛋白质、多种维生素和人体需要的各种氨基酸等。
我们把苍蝇放在笼子里养起来,不让它与外界接触,这样就不会传染疾病,也让它把自身的价值体现出来,造福于人类。
关键词:苍蝇仿生学航天事业高蛋白工厂潜力开发正文苍蝇的概述在生物学上,苍蝇属于典型的“完全变态昆虫”。
70年代末统计,全世界有双翅目的昆虫132个科12万余种,其中蝇类就有64个科3万4千余种。
英语礼貌论文 Microsoft Word 文档

On Studying of Manners of People from the United KingdomDifferent manners come from different culture. Different country has different culture. With the rapid development of our economy and society, English has become the most popular language around the world. In order to know Englishman well and how to communicate with them well .We need to have a good command of manners of people from the United Kingdom,. What is more, English is our major. We have a sense of responsibility to know their manners. It is useful for us to know their manners.Key words: Englishman Manners Development StudyIntroductionThe full name of the county we are studying is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is a complicated name what in many ways a complicated country. The UK is one nation, with a single passport, and a single government having sovereignty over it all, but as the full name of the nation suggests. It is made up of different elements. It includes four parts within the one nation state: the island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales, and Northern Ireland. London is in the south of the country, and is dominated in the United Kingdom in all sorts of ways. It is the largest city in the country, with about one seventh of the nation population; it is the seat of government. It is the cultural centre. There are lots of newspapers, TV stations, galleries, theatres and museums. Also it is the business centre. The location of the vast majority of Britain big companies: it is the finical centre of the nation, and one of the three major international financial centers in the world. As such it combines the functions of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, or New Y ork, Washington and Los Angeles, in one city.Politics: Britain is arguable the oldest representative democracy in the world, with roots can be traced over a thousand years. The oldest institution of government is the monarchy ruled by the king. But it has change at present. With the development of society, the word “parliament” appear, it comes from the verb “to parley”, that is, to discuss and talk. Cabinet is made up of a group of important Parliamentarians. The Prime Minister , the leader of party, is more powerful . There are three major national parties: the Conservative Party , the Labor Party and the Liberal Democrats. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, while the official head of the state is the Queen, her powers are largely traditional and symbolic.Holidays and festivals: throughout the years the Englishmen celebrate many holidays which reflect the religious, historical, social and cultural diversity of their country. For example, Christmas (December 25) is the biggest and best loved British holidays. There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one’s the Christmas pantomime, a comical musical plays; anther British Christmas tradition is to hear the queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the Television and Radio. The third British tradition , which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages is boxing day, which falls one the day after Christmas. The UK , unlike most countries does not have a “ national day”. There national day is the queen’s birthday. It is one of the most impressive and colorful festivals in Britain.Generally speaking, manners can be divided into two parts. The first part is politeness. That is , a person who is quite polite and is so-called gentleman and lady. It shows that Englishmen have personality of gentlemen by some simple oral English. For example, ladies andgentlemen ,lady first and so on. The main personality of gentleman are politeness and to show respect to females. In England, it is traditional for females to receive male’s respect and protection. For example, we often say ladies and gentlemen. Lady is in front of gentleman. So people can think that it is important to respect females. If two strangers met, introducer often introduce female into male. People in England often offer seat to females, and carry baggage for ladies because showing respect to female is male’s habit. At the same time, Englishman does not like people who always talk and do not stop. When someone talks with them, they could not refer to their private life each other. For example: family, age, status and occupation. They think it is impolite to interfere with their private life, or you would break their manners’ principle. There is a proverb in west: Englishman’s home is their castle. Englishman stress individualism, so they respect private life each other. In England, weather is a permanent topic of conversation. Because Englishmen think there is not climate in England, but only weather. What is more, they also think the weather will hurt none. Silence is their evident characteristic. When they went out, they like to carry newspaper or book to read. They do not like to talk with people who sit near them. “Silence is gold” is their instant theme.The second part is about wearing and appearance. In England, people often pay attention to their clothes. In general, people must wear suitable clothes when they are in different occasion. At first, the clothes they weared must conform to their statues. Then, the clothes should be in accordance with occasion. For example, if one wants to attend a funeral, he/she should wear blank clothes. If it is not , people think he/she is impolite. Last but not least, people should greatly concern with their appearance. Such as, people should their faces and clothes clean and make their fair neat. Why? Because of their appearance present their private life. At the same time, they can make a strong impression on others.DevelopmentWith the development of society and international communication, Englishman’s characteristic has changed. So their manners have changed. In comparison with others. Englishman was considered to be one of the most impolite people all over the world in the past. They were famous for their manners. Such as, as we know, gentlemen and gentle lady and so on,of which were formed in early times.By way of contrast , now it is different from the past. Most of people think the level of Englishmen’s manners become poorer and poorer. A survey was published on 28th by English “ITV” television program, which shows the level of Englishmen’s manners was poorer than before. About 2800 people took part in the investigation. As a result, about 56.5% people think the impoliteness is the serious problem to Englishman; more than 80% people think the level of Englishman’s manners is poorer than 10 years ago. Spit everywhere is considered to be the most impolite manners among those.,27.6% people think. Besides, there are so many impolite manners. Such as, say bad words, cut in line, telephone loudly, no polite words and so on. It also shows that at least 75 %people think some stars, who contribute to Englishman’s impolite manners. Such as football stars, who always are impolite.In fact, when people talk with them, people can feel that most them are casual the same as us now, but there are still some are conservative. Because of their value of morality has changed under the influence of globalism. What is more, times have changed, so have society background. An increasing number of people will become more open.CausePeople want to know lots of knowledge about Englishman’s manners. They should know the manners how to form. The main reasons for this are as follows. As we know, the United Kingdom has a long history and they were ruled by feudalism. So they have the quality of tolerance. In addition, they are satisfied with the exsiting state and reluctant to move forward.. In the meanwhile, it is important to know the geography of the United Kingdom. Although we know the United Kingdom belongs to Europe. In fact, thinking is different between Englishman and European due to isolated geographical location. As an old saying goes, a separated island has made it’s people feel insular. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned. That is the most well-known queen: Victoria Queen. She had ruled the United Kingdom for sixty years. She established a series of strict rules. At the same time, she was strict with herself and her generations. She had the characteristics of decency, morality and self-satisfaction. The behavior of Victoria Queen has a great influence to the middle class, and become the high standard of Englishman’s manners. So Victoria age is called polite society.ConclusionThis paper has discussed Englishman’s manners and it’s development and cause. In comparison with many countries around the world, Englishman is more polite. Their manners play a key part in their cultures. It’s true that some of their manners are still useful today. For times has changed, so have cultural background. Today people should learn good manners from Englishman. Putting into practice the good manners Englishman followed should not be the final aim. We should use those to make people more and more polite, make world more and more harmonious.。
毕业论文写作软件推荐

毕业论文写作软件推荐毕业论文是每个大学生都必须面对的重要任务之一。
它不仅需要收集大量的数据和文献,还需要进行系统性的整理和撰写。
传统的写作方法可能无法满足现代学生的需求,因此使用一款好用的写作软件是必不可少的。
在本文中,我将向大家推荐几款适用于毕业论文写作的软件,并介绍它们的特点和优势。
一、Endnote引文管理软件Endnote是一种功能强大的文献管理软件,它能够帮助学生快速找到、整理和引用各种文献资料。
使用Endnote,学生只需将所需的文献信息导入软件中,然后根据需要进行分类和标记。
在论文写作过程中,Endnote能够自动引用文献,并按照所选的引文格式进行排版。
此外,Endnote还提供了团队合作和在线同步功能,方便多人共同编辑和管理论文。
二、Microsoft Word文档编辑软件Microsoft Word是一款广泛使用的文档编辑软件,无论是日常写作还是毕业论文写作,都离不开它。
Word提供了丰富的格式设置和排版功能,能够满足大部分学生的需求。
学生可以使用Word进行论文的撰写和排版,通过设置页眉、页脚、目录等功能,使论文的格式整齐规范。
此外,Word还支持多人协同编辑和批注功能,方便导师对论文进行指导和修改。
三、LaTeX科学排版软件LaTeX是一种专业的科学排版软件,多用于数学、物理、计算机等学科的学术论文写作。
相比于Word,LaTeX更加注重文档的结构和公式的排版,能够生成美观、规范的论文。
LaTeX使用一种特殊的语言来编写文档,学习曲线较陡峭,但一旦掌握,将大大提高论文的排版质量。
对于需要频繁插入公式和符号的学科,LaTeX是最好的选择。
四、MindManager思维导图软件MindManager是一款专业的思维导图软件,它能够帮助学生整理和规划论文的结构和思路。
思维导图是以中心主题为核心,展开分支和关联的图形化工具,它能够将抽象的概念和思路以可视化的方式呈现出来。
在写作过程中,学生可以使用MindManager创建论文的大纲和脉络图,帮助理清思路和组织论文结构。
毕业论文排版简单教程

毕业论文排版简单教程毕业论文排版是毕业论文定稿的步骤之一,其目的是为毕业论文提供一个整齐、美观、易读的版面。
以下是一个简单的毕业论文排版教程,帮助您更好地完成您的毕业论文。
1.选择适合的排版工具常用的排版工具有Microsoft Word、Adobe InDesign、Latex等。
对于大多数学术论文,Microsoft Word是最为普遍和易用的排版工具。
2.设置页面大小和页边距设置页面大小和页边距可以使文本版面更加整齐,方便阅读。
打开Word文档,单击“页面布局”选项卡,选择“大小”并选择您需要的页面大小。
然后点击“边距”选项,选择合适的边距。
3.设置行距和字体在“页面布局”选项卡中单击“行距”选项,并选择合适的行距(一般为1.5或2倍行距)。
选择合适的字体大小和字体(一般为12号字体和宋体或Times New Roman字体)。
4.设置页眉和页脚在Word中选择“插入”选项卡,单击“页眉”或“页脚”。
选择您需要的样式并编辑相应的内容(例如论文题目、姓名等)。
5.设置目录如果您的论文有章节,则应设置目录。
在Word中选择“引用”选项卡,单击“目录”选项。
选择您需要的样式,Word将为您自动生成目录。
6.设置页码在Word中选择“插入”选项卡,单击“页码”选项。
选择您需要的样式并将页码插入页眉或页脚。
7.插入图表和公式如果您的论文涉及到图表和公式,应将它们正确地插入到您的文本中。
在Word 中,选择“插入”选项卡,单击“图片”选项来插入图表和图片。
对于公式,可以使用数学公式编辑器或LaTeX等软件来编写公式,然后将其复制到您的文本中。
8.设置参考文献格式对于引用和参考文献,您需要确定正确的格式,并使用相应的引文管理软件(如EndNote或Zotero等)来管理参考文献。
应该使用您的学术指导教师或书面指南中提供的参考文献格式。
9.检查拼写和语法在排版过程中,您应随时检查拼写和语法错误。
Word会在红色下划线指示不正确的拼写,并在绿色下划线指示语法错误。
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浅论历史课堂教学创新思维的培养
培养学生的创新思维是历史课堂教学的主要任务之一。
优化历史教学方法,既可以培养学生的历史思维能力和创新能力,又能使历史课堂教学轻松愉快、生动活泼,促进学生的自我发展。
一、基础知识是历史创新思维精神形成和发展必须具备的条件
1、引导、帮助学生学会读书
思维具有可导性,教学应从诱发兴趣和激发求知欲开始。
历史课堂上学生的听课方式和学习方式都缺乏主动,创新思维更是无从谈起,这是不妨把一些语文教学方法运用到历史课之中。
如指导学生围绕历史教材的章、节、标题来抓中心,划段落,分层次,归纳大意,写出提纲和要点,这无疑能培养和提高学生的阅读、理解能力。
在教学中,教师要从学生所熟悉的基本事实和新旧交替事物的联系中找到“激发点”有意识地提出能激发学生兴趣的问题,引导学生进行分析、思考,培养学生的创造性。
2、优化记忆方式,帮助学生渡过记忆难关,提高学史的兴趣
记忆是学生历史学习中的最大障碍,教师如果能帮助学生探索记忆规律,无疑使学生感到成功的喜悦。
例如在讲述英国工业革命的前提条件时,教师不必马上讲清条件有哪些,不妨先让学生设想资本主义生产顺利发展的三个步骤:准备阶段------政治上的保证,经济上的资金和资源;生产过程------技术和劳动力的准备;生产价值的实现--------市场。
通过这样的分析,不仅
利于清晰记住这部分内容,而且能够达到触类旁通的效果。
如对第一次工业革命中法国发展的学习,按照上述分析其具备什么条件、什么因素,可得其发展的特点------大革命时期在扫荡封建制度的同时把土地分成小块给农民,造成小农业、小企业存在,影响技术的更新和应用。
在提高记忆效果的同时,既能激发学生探索记忆规律的兴趣,又能在分析中提高历史思维能力。
二、通过教与学的过程,引导学生学会归纳分析,学会合作学习,提高自身能力
通过对历史知识的学习,进而思考与探索历史现象背后复杂的因果关系,最终形成学生自己对历史的认识、态度、情感,这也是历史教学的难点。
现代教学活动是师生的共同活动,一方面是教师的教,一方面是学生的学。
因此对教学中教师与学生地位的认识,既是教学观念的基础。
也是研究教学规律的基础。