会计英语十一
会计基础试题十一
会计基础试题十一一、单项选择题(下列各题，各有一个符合题意的正确答案，将你选定的正确答案的编号用英文大写字母填入括号。
不选、错选、多选本小题均不得分。
)(1)“会计”这一名词出现于我国下列哪一时期( )A. 西周B. 东周C. 秦D. 西汉(2)建立持续经营假设的目的是( )。
A. 为了保证企业的生产经营活动的正常进行B. 会计处理方法保持稳定C. 货币计量与物计量需要D. 能够分段核算企业得经营成果(3)取得银行借款存入银行将引起( )。
A. 资产一增一减B. 资产和负债同时增加C. 资产和所有者权益同时增加D. 资产和所有者权益一增一减(4)由动态三要素组成的会计等式是( )。
(5)预付款项属于( )。
A. 债权B. 基金C. 费用D. 资本(6)复式记账以( )为理论依据。
A. 资金运动规律B. 利润的计算C. 会计等式D. 资产的增减(7)保证会计核算系统性的必要措施或专门方法是( )。
A. 设立会计科目与账户B. 填制和审核会计凭证C. (暂缺)D. (暂缺)(8)在下列项目中，属于国家统一规定的一级会计科目的是( )。
A. 应交增值税B. 专利权C. 利息费用D. 所得税费用(9)某企业资产总额100万元，本期发生下列经济业务：(1)用银行存款购买原材料20 万元;(2)用银行存款偿还企业的贷款10万元;(3)实际收到前期赊销款15万元。
期末企业资产总额是( )。
A. 55万元B. 85万元C. 90万元D. 105万元(10)会计账户是根据( )分别设置的。
A. 会计对象B. 会计要素C. 会计科目D. 经济业务(11)“原材料’’账户期初有余额3000万元，本期发生购进业务两笔，金额分别为5300万元、2000万元;本期材料领用两笔，金额分别为4000万元、1000万元。
本期借方发生额及余额是( )。
A. 7300万元和5300万元B. 10300万元和5000万元C. 7300万元和2300万元D. 10300万元和8000万元(12)两个简单会计分录： (1)借：原材料40000 贷：银行存款40000 (2)借：原材料10000 贷：应付账款10000 可以合并成的一个复合分录是( )A. 借：原材料30000贷：银行存款30000B. 借：原材料50000贷：银行存款40000应付账款10000C. 借：原材料50000贷：银行存款10000应付账款40000D. 借：原材料50000贷：银行存款50000(13)经查明原因，转出应由出纳员赔偿的现金短款200元，会计分录是( )。
国际会计第九版第十一章答案
国际会计第九版第十一章答案
1、为什么说市场国际化，特别是货币市场和资本市场的国际化是会计国际化的主要推动力？
答：国际贸易和国际经济技术合作，促使会计成为一种国际商业语言。
特别是国际货币市场和资本市场的兴起向进入市场的贷款人或筹资者提出了应提供在国际间可比且可靠的财务信息的要求，更成为会计国际化的主要推动力。
2、跨国公司是否在百分之百地推动会计国际化？说明你的观点。
答：不是。
跨国公司对推动会计国际化有其两面性：一方面，基于其跨国经营和国际筹资的需要，他们希望通过会计国际化来缩小和协调国别差异，另一方面，他们又十分重视利用各国现存的会计差异来谋取财务利益。
后者也推动了各国会计模式和重要会计方法的国际比较研究。
3、会计随商业活动的扩展而传播，你同意这种说法吗？从历史发展的进程谈谈你的看法。
答：同意。
可主要就前殖民帝国的会计向其原殖民地传播、工业革命后西方会计的发展及在世界范围内的广泛传播以及第二次世界
大战以后美国会计的影响在一定程度上主宰着世界各地的会计发展
等历史事实。
4、哪些特定会计方法具有国际性质?
答：把外币交易和外币报表的折算引入会计领域，是会计国际化带来的独特问题。
它与由此引发的跨国企业合并和国际合并财务报表
与外币折算相互关联和制约的问题，以及各国的物价变动影响在国际合并财务报表中如何处理和调整的问题，从20世纪以来，就成为国际会计研究中既需协调一致但又矛盾重重的三大难题。
在世纪之交，金融工具的创新引发的会计处理问题，给传统的会计概念和实务带来了巨大的冲击，成为各国会计准则机构联合攻关、仍未妥善解决的难题。
此外，国际税务会计也是值得关注的课题。
会计英文词汇大全
会计英文词汇大全A (1)account 账户,报表A (2)accounting postulate 会计假设A (3)accounting valuation 会计计价A (4)accountability concept 经营责任概念A (5)accountancy 会计职业A (6)accountant 会计师A (7)accounting 会计A (8)agency cost 代理成本A (9)accounting bases 会计基础A (10)accounting manual 会计手册A (11)accounting period 会计期间A (12)accounting policies 会计方针A (13)accounting rate of return 会计报酬率A (14)accounting reference date 会计参照日A (15)accounting reference period 会计参照期间A (16)accrual concept 应计概念A (17)accrual expenses 应计费用A (18)acid test ratio 速动比率(酸性测试比率)A (19)acquisition 收购A (20)acquisition accounting 收购会计A (21)adjusting events 调整事项A (22)administrative expenses 行政管理费A (23)amortization 摊销A (24)analytical review 分析性复核A (25)annual equivalent cost 年度等量成本法A (26)annual report and accounts 年度报告和报表A (27)appraisal cost 检验成本A (28)appropriation account 盈余分配账户A (29)articles of association 公司章程细则A (30)assets 资产A (31)assets cover 资产担保A (32)asset value per share 每股资产价值A (33)associated company 联营公司A (34)attainable standard 可达标准A (35)attributable profit 可归属利润A (36)audit 审计A (37)audit report 审计报告A (38)auditing standards 审计准则A (39)authorized share capital 额定股本A (40)available hours 可用小时A (41)avoidable costs 可避免成本B (42)back-to-back loan 易币贷款B (43)backflush accounting 倒退成本计算B (44)bad debts 坏帐B (45)bad debts ratio 坏帐比率B (46)bank charges 银行手续费B (47)bank overdraft 银行透支B (48)bank reconciliation 银行存款调节表B (49)bank statement 银行对账单B (50)bankruptcy 破产B (51)basis of apportionment 分摊基础B (52)batch 批量B (53)batch costing 分批成本计算B (54)beta factor B (市场)风险因素BB (55)bill 账单B (56)bill of exchange 汇票B (57)bill of lading 提单B (58)bill of materials 用料预计单B (59)bill payable 应付票据B (60)bill receivable 应收票据B (61)bin card 存货记录卡B (62)bonus 红利B (63)book-keeping 薄记B (64)Boston classification 波士顿分类B (65)breakeven chart 保本图B (66)breakeven point 保本点B (67)breaking-down time 复位时间B (68)budget 预算B (69)budget center 预算中心B (70)budget cost allowance 预算成本折让B (71)budget manual 预算手册B (72)budget period 预算期间B (73)budgetary control 预算控制B (74)budgeted capacity 预算生产能力B (75)business center 经营中心B (76)business entity 营业个体B (77)business unit 经营单位B (78)by-product 副产品C (79)called-up share capital 催缴股本C (80)capacity 生产能力C (81)capacity ratios 生产能力比率C (82)capital 资本C (83)capital assets pricing model 资本资产计价模式C (84)capital commitment 承诺资本C (85)capital employed 已运用的资本C (86)capital expenditure 资本支出C (87)capital expenditure authorization 资本支出核准C (88)capital expenditure control 资本支出控制C (89)capital expenditure proposal 资本支出申请C (90)capital funding planning 资本基金筹集计划C (91)capital gain 资本收益C (92)capital investment appraisal 资本投资评估C (93)capital maintenance 资本保全C (94)capital resource planning 资本资源计划C (95)capital surplus 资本盈余C (96)capital turnover 资本周转率C (97)card 记录卡C (98)cash 现金C (99)cash account 现金账户C (100)cash book 现金账薄C (101)cash cow 金牛产品C (102)cash flow 现金流量C (103)cash flow budget 现金流量预算C (104)cash flow statement 现金流量表C (105)cash ledger 现金分类账C (106)cash limit 现金限额C (107)CCA 现时成本会计C (108)center 中心C (109)changeover time 变更时间C (110)chartered entity 特许经济个体C (111)cheque 支票C (112)cheque register 支票登记薄C (113)classification 分类C (114)clock card 工时卡C (115)code 代码C (116)commitment accounting 承诺确认会计C (117)common cost 共同成本C (118)company limited by guarantee 有限担保责任公司C (119)company limited by shares 股份有限公司C (120)competitive position 竞争能力状况C (121)concept 概念C (122)conglomerate 跨行业企业C (123)consistency concept 一致性概念C (124)consolidated accounts 合并报表C (125)consolidation accounting 合并会计C (126)consortium 财团C (127)contingency plan 应急计划C (128)contingent liabilities 或有负债C (129)continuous operation 连续生产C (130)contra 抵消C (131)contract cost 合同成本C (132)contract costing 合同成本计算C (133)contribution centre 贡献中心C (134)contribution chart 贡献图C (135)control 控制C (136)control account 控制账户C (137)control limits 控制限度C (138)controllability concept 可控制概念C (139)controllable cost 可控制成本C (140)conversion cost 加工成本C (141)convertible loan stock 可转换为股票的贷款C (142)corporate appraisal 公司评估C (143)corporate planning 公司计划C (144)corporate social reporting 公司社会报告C (145)cost 成本C (146)cost account 成本账户C (147)cost accounting 成本会计C (148)cost accounting manual 成本手册C (149)cost adjustment 成本调整C (150)cost allocation 成本分配C (151)cost apportionment 成本分摊C (152)cost attribution 成本归属C (153)cost audit 成本审计C (154)cost benefit analysis 成本效益分析C (155)cost center 成本中心C (156)cost driver 成本动因C (157)cost of capital 资本成本C (158)cost of goods sold 销货成本C (159)cost of non-conformance 非相符成本C (160)cost of sales 销售成本C (161)cost reduction 成本降低C (162)cost structure 成本结构C (163)cost unit 成本单位C (164)cost-volume-profit analysis(CVP) 本量利分析C (165)costing 成本计算C (166)credit note 贷项通知C (167)credit report 信贷报告书C (168)creditor 债权人C (169)creditor days ratio 应付账款天数率C (170)creditors ledger 应付账款分类账C (171)critical event 关键事项C (172)critical path 关键路线C (173)cumulative preference shares 累积优先股C (174)current asset 流动资产C (175)current cost accounting 现时成本会计C (176)current liabilities 流动负债C (177)current purchasing power accounting 现时购买力会计C (178)current ratio 流动比率C (179)cut-off 截止C (180)CVP 本量利分析C (181)cycle time 周转时间D (182)debenture 债券D (183)debit note 借项通知D (184)debit capacity 举债能力D (185)debt ratio 债务比率D (186)debtor 债务人;应收账款D (187)debtor days ratio 应收账款天数率D (188)debtors ledger 应收账款分类账D (189)debtor' age analysis 应收账款账龄分析D (190)decision driven costs 决策连动成本D (191)decision tree 决策树D (192)defects 次品D (193)deferred expenditure 递延支出D (194)deferred shares 递延股份D (195)deferred taxation 递延税款D (196)delivery note 交货单D (197)departmental accounts 部门报表D (198)departmental budget 部门预算D (199)depreciation 折旧D (200)dispatch note 发运单D (201)development cost 开发成本D (202)differential cost 差别成本D (203)direct cost 直接成本D (204)direct debit 直接借项D (205)direct hours yield 直接小时产出率D (206)direct labour cost percentage rate 直接人工成本百分比D (207)direct labour hour rate 直接人工小时率D (208)directs on indirect work 间接工作事项上的工时D (209)discount rate 贴现率D (210)discounted cash flow 现金流量贴现D (211)discretionary cost 酌量成本D (212)distribution cost 摊销成本D (213)diversions 移用D (214)diverted hours 移用小时D (215)diverted hours ratio 移用工时比率D (216)dividend 股利D (217)dividend cover 股利产出率D (218)dividend per share 每股股利D (219)dog 疲软产品D (220)double entry accounting 复式会计D (221)double-entry book-keeping 复式薄记D (222)doubtful debts 可疑债务D (223)down time 停工时间D (224)dynamic programming 动态规划E (225)earning per share 每股盈利E (226)earning ratio 市盈率E (227)economic order quantity(EOQ) 经济订购批量E (228)efficient market hypothesis 有效市场假设E (229)efficiency ration 效率性比率E (230)element of cost 成本要素E (231)entity 经济个体E (232)environmental audit 环境审计E (233)environmental impact assessment 环境影响评价E (234)EOQ 经济订购批量E (235)equity 权益E (236)equity method of accounting 权益法会计计算E (237)equity share capital 权益股本E (238)equivalent units 当量E (239)event 事项E (240)exceptional items 例外事项E (241)expected value 期望值E (242)expenditure 支出E (243)expenses 费用E (244)external audit 外部审计E (245)external failure cost 外部损失成本E (246)extraordinary items 非常事项F (247)factory goods 让售商品F (248)factoring 应收帐款让售F (249)fair value 公允价值F (250)feedback 反馈F (251)FIFO 先近先出法F (252)final accounts 年终报表F (253)finance lease 融资租赁F (254)financial accounting 财务会计F (255)financial accounts calendar adjustment 财务报表的日历时间调整F (256)financial management 财务管理F (257)financial planning 财务计划F (258)financial statement 财务报表F (259)finished goods 完成品F (260)fixed asset 固定资产F (261)fixed overhead 固定制造费用F (262)fixed asset turnover 固定资产周转率F (263)fixed assets register 固定资产登记薄F (264)fixed cost 固定成本F (265)flexed budget 变动限额预算F (266)flexible budget 弹性预算F (267)float time 浮动时间F (268)floating charge 流动抵押F (269)flow of funds statement 资金流量表F (270)forecasting 预测F (271)founder's shares 发起人股份F (272)full capacity 满负荷生产能力F (273)function costing 职能成本计算F (274)functional budget 职能预算F (275)fund accounting 基金会计F (276)fundamental accounting concept 基础会计概念F (277)fungible assets 可互换资产F (278)futuristic planning 远景计划G (279)gap analysis 间距分析G (280)gearing 举债经营比率(杠杆)G (281)goal congruence 目标一致性G (282)going concern concept 持续经营概念G (283)goods received note 商品收讫单G (284)goodwill 商誉G (285)gross dividend yield 总股息产出率G (286)gross margin 总边际G (287)gross profit 毛利润G (288)gross profit percentage 毛利润百分比G (289)group 企业集团G (290)group accounts 集团报表H (291)high-geared 高结合杠杆(比例)H (292)hire purchase 租购H (293)historical cost 历史成本H (294)historical cost accounting 历史成本会计H (295)hours 小时H (296)hurdle rate 最低可接受的报酬率I (297)ideal standard 理想标准I (298)idle capacity ration 闲置生产能力比率I (299)idle time 闲置时间I (300)impersonal accounts 非记名账户I (301)imprest system 定额备用制度I (302)income and expenditure account 收益和支出报表I (303)incomplete records 不完善记录I (304)incremental cost 增量成本I (305)incremental yield 增量产出率I (306)indirect cost 间接成本I (307)indirect hours 间接小时I (308)insolvency 无力偿付I (309)intangible asset 无形资产I (310)integrated accounts 综合报表I (311)interdependency concept 关联性概念I (312)interest cover 利息保障倍数I (313)interlocking accounts 连锁报表I (314)internal audit 内部审计I (315)internal check 内部牵制I (316)internal control system 内部控制体系I (317)internal failure cost 内部损失成本I (318)internal rate of return(IRR) 内含报酬率I (319)inventory 存货I (320)investment 投资I (321)investment center 投资中心I (322)invoice register 发票登记薄I (323)issued share capital 已发行股本J (324)job 定单J (325)job card 工作卡J (326)job costing 工作成本计算J (327)job sheet 工作单J (328)joint cost 联合成本J (329)joint products 联产品J (330)joint stock company 股份公司J (331)joint venture 合资经营J (332)journal 日记账J (333)just-in-time(JIT) 适时制度J (334)just-in-time production 适时生产J (335)just-in-time purchasing 适时购买K (336)key factor 关键因素L (337)labour 人工L (338)labour transfer note 人工转移单L (339)leaning curve 学习曲线L (340)ledger 分类账户L (341)length of order book 定单平均周期L (342)letter of credit 信用证L (343)leverage 举债经营比率L (344)liabilities 负债L (345)life cycle costing 寿命周期成本计算L (346)LIFO 后近先出法L (347)limited liability company 有限责任公司L (348)limiting factor 限制因素L (349)line-item budget 明细支出预算L (350)liner programming 线性规划L (351)liquid assets 变现资产L (352)liquidation 清算L (353)liquidity ratios 易变现比率L (354)loan 贷款L (355)loan capital 借入资本L (356)long range planning 长期计划L (357)lost time record 虚耗时间记录L (358)low geared 低结合杠杆(比例)L (359)lower of cost or net realizable value concept 成本或可变净价孰低概念M (360)machine hour rate 机器小时率M (361)machine time record 机器时间记录M (362)managed cost 管理成本M (363)management accounting 管理会计M (364)management accounting concept 管理会计概念M (365)management accounting guides 管理会计指导方针M (366)management audit 管理审计M (367)management buy-out 管理性购买产权M (368)management by exception 例外管理原则M (369)margin 边际M (370)margin of safety ration 安全边际比率M (371)margin cost 边际成本M (372)margin costing 边际成本计算M (373)mark-down 降低标价M (374)mark-up 提高标价M (375)market risk premium 市场分险补偿M (376)market share 市场份额M (377)marketing cost 营销成本M (378)matching concept 配比概念M (379)materiality concept 重要性概念M (380)materials requisition 领料单M (381)materials returned note 退料单M (382)materials transfer note 材料转移单M (383)memorandum of association 公司设立细则M (384)merger 兼并M (385)merger accounting 兼并会计M (386)minority interest 少数股权M (387)mixed cost 混合成本N (388)net assets 净资产N (389)net book value 净账面价值N (390)net liquid funds 净可变现资金N (391)net margin 净边际N (392)net present value(NPV) 净现值N (393)net profit 净利润N (394)net realizable value 可变现净值N (395)net worth 资产净值N (396)network analysis 网络分析N (397)noise 干捞N (398)nominal account 名义账户N (399)nominal share capital 名义股本N (400)nominal holding 代理持有股份N (401)non-adjusting events 非调整事项N (402)non-financial performance measurement 非财务业绩计量N (403)non-integrated accounts 非综合报表N (404)non-liner programming 非线性规划N (405)non-voting shares 无表决权的股份N (406)notional cost 名义成本N (407)number of days stock 存货周转天数N (408)number of weeks stock 存货周转周数O (409)objective classification 客体分类O (410)obsolescence 陈旧O (411)off balance sheet finance 资产负债表外筹资O (412)offer for sale 标价出售O (413)operating budget 经营预算O (414)operating lease 经营租赁O (415)operating statement 营业报表O (416)operation time 操作时间O (417)operational control 经营控制O (418)operational gearing 经营杠杆O (419)operating plans 经营计划O (420)opportunity cost 机会成本O (421)order 定单O (422)ordinary shares 普通股O (423)out-of-date cheque 过期支票O (424)over capitalization 过分资本化O (425)overhead 制造费用O (426)overhead absorption rate 制造费用分配率O (427)overhead cost 制造费用O (428)overtrading 超过营业资金的经营P (429)paid cheque 已付支票P (430)paid-up share capital 认定股本P (431)parent company 母公司P (432)pareto distribution 帕累托分布P (433)participating preference shares 参与优先股P (434)partnership 合伙P (435)payable ledger 应付款项账户P (436)payback 回收期P (437)payments and receipts account 收入和支出报表P (438)payments withheld 保留款额P (439)payroll 工资单P (440)payroll analysis 工资分析P (441)percentage profit on turnover 利润对营业额比率P (442)period cost 期间成本P (443)perpetual inventory 永续盘存P (444)personal account 记名账户P (445)PEPT 项目评审法P (446)petty cash account 备用金账户P (447)petty cash voucher 备用金凭证P (448)physical inventory 实地盘存P (449)planning 计划P (450)planning horizon 计划时限P (451)planning period 计划期间P (452)policy cost 政策成本P (453)position audit 状况审计P (454)post balance sheet events 资产负债表编后事项P (455)practical capacity 实际生产能力P (456)pre-acquisition losses 购置前损失P (457)pre-acquisition profits 购置前利润P (458)preference shares 优先股P (459)preference creditors 优先债权人P (460)preferred creditors 优先债权人P (461)prepayments 预付款项P (462)present value 现值P (463)prevention cost 预防成本P (464)price ratio 市盈率P (465)prime cost 主要成本P (466)prime entry-books of 原始分录登记薄P (467)principal budget factor 主要预算因素P (468)prior charge capital 优先股P (469)prior year adjustments 以前年度调整P (470)priority base budgeting 优先顺序体制的预算P (471)private company 私人公司P (472)pro-forma invoice 预开发票P (473)problem child 问号产品P (474)process costing 分步成本计算P (475)process time 加工时间P (476)product cost 产品成本P (477)Product life cycle 产品寿命周期P (478)production cost 生产成本P (479)production cost of sales 售货成本P (480)production volume ratio 生产业务量比率P (481)profit center 利润中心P (482)profit per employee 每员工利润P (483)profit retained for the year 年度利润留存P (484)profit to turnover ratio 利润对营业额比率P (485)profit-volume graph 利量图P (486)profitability index 盈利指数P (487)programming 规划P (488)project evaluation and review technique 项目评审法P (489)projection 预计P (490)promissory note 本票P (491)prospectus 募债说明书P (492)provisions for liabilities and charges 偿债和费用准备P (493)prudent concept 稳健性概念P (494)public company 公开公司P (495)purchase order 订购单P (496)purchase requisition 请购单P (497)purchase ledger 采购账户Q (498)quality related costs 质量有关成本Q (499)queuing time 排队时间R (500)rate 率R (501)ratio 比率R (502)ration pyramid 比率金字塔R (503)raw material 原材料R (504)receipts and payments account 收入和支付报表R (505)receivable ledger 应收款项账户R (506)redeemable shares 可赎回股份R (507)redemption 赎回R (508)registered share capital 注册资本R (509)rejects 废品R (510)relevancy concept 相关性概念R (511)relevant costs 相关成本R (512)relevant range 相关范围R (513)reliability concept 可靠性概念R (514)replacement price 重置价格R (515)report 报表R (516)reporting 报告R (517)research cost, applied 应用性研究成本R (518)research cost, pure or basic 理论或基础研究成本R (519)reserves 留存收益R (520)residual income 剩余收益R (521)responsibility center 责任中心R (522)retention money 保留款额R (523)return on capital employed 运用资本报酬率R (524)returns 退回R (525)revenue 收入R (526)revenue center 收入中心R (527)revenue expenditure 收益支出R (528)revenue investment 收入性投资R (529)right issue 认股权发行R (530)rolling budget 滚动预算R (531)rolling forecast 滚动预测S (532)sales ledger 销售分类账S (533)sales order 销售定单S (534)sales per employee 每员工销售额S (535)scrap 废料S (536)scrip issue 红股发行S (537)secured creditors 有担保的债权人S (538)segmental reporting 分部报告S (539)selling cost 销售成本S (540)semi-fixed cost 半固定成本S (541)semi-variable cost 半变动成本S (542)sensitivity analysis 敏感性分析S (543)service cost center 服务成本中心S (544)service costing 服务成本计算S (545)set-up time 安装时间S (546)shadow prices 影子价格S (547)share 股票S (548)share capital 股份资本S (549)share option scheme 购股权证方案S (550)share premium 股票溢价S (551)sight draft 即期汇票S (552)single-entry book-keeping 单式薄记S (553)sinking fund 偿债基金S (554)slack time 松弛时间S (555)social responsibility cost 社会责任成本S (556)sole trader 独资经营者S (557)source and application of funds statement 资金来源和运用表S (558)special order costing 特殊定单成本计算S (559)staff costs 职工成本S (560)statement of account 营业账单S (561)statement of affairs 财务状况表S (562)statutory body 法定实体S (563)stock 存货S (564)stock control 存货控制S (565)stock turnover 存货周转率S (566)stocktaking 盘点存货S (567)stores requisition 领料申请单S (568)strategic business unit 战略性经营单位S (569)strategic management accounting 战略管理会计S (570)strategic planning 战略计划S (571)strategy 战略S (572)subjective classification 主体分类S (573)subscribed share capital 已认购的股本S (574)subsidiary undertaking 子公司S (575)sunk cost 沉没成本S (576)supply estimate 预算估计S (577)supply expenditure 预算支出S (578)suspense account 暂记账户S (579)SWOT analysis 长处和短处,机会和威胁分析S (580)system 制度,体系T (581)tactical planning 策略计划T (582)tactics 策略T (583)take-over 接收T (584)tangible asset 有形资产T (585)tangible fixed asset statement 有形固定资产表T (586)target cost 目标成本T (587)terotechnology 设备综合工程学T (588)throughput accounting 生产量会计T (589)time 时间T (590)time sheet 时间记录表T (591)total assets 总资产T (592)total quality management 全面质量管理T (593)total stocks 存货总计T (594)trade creditors 购货客户(应付账款)T (595)trade debtors 销货客户(应收账款)T (596)trading profit and loss account 营业损益表T (597)transfer price 转让价格T (598)transit time 中转时间T (599)treasurership 财务长制度T (600)trail balance 试算平衡表T (601)turnover 营业额U (602)uncalled share capital 未催缴股本U (603)under capitalization 不足资本化U (604)under or over-absorbed overhead 少吸收或多吸收的制造费用U (605)uniform accounting 统一会计U (606)uniform costing 统一成本计算U (607)unissued share capital 未发行股本V (608)value 价值V (609)value added 增值V (610)value analysis 价值分析V (611)value for money audit 经济效益审计V (612)vote 表决V (613)voucher 凭证W (614)waiting time 等候时间W (615)waste 废品(料)W (616)wasting asset 递耗资产W (617)weighted average cost of capital 资本的加权平均成本W (618)weighted average price 加权平均价格W (619)with resource 有追索权W (620)without recourse 无追索权W (621)working capital 营运资本W (622)write-down 减值Z (623)zero base budgeting 零基预算Z (624)zero coupon bond 无息债券Z (625)Z score 破产预测计分法。
会计英语(第二版)第一章中英文互译
会计英语第一章Exercises1-1The following selected transactions were completed by Castle Delivery Service during November:(1)Received cash from owner as investment ,$2,000.(2)Paid advertising expense ,$500.(3)Purchased supplies of gas and oil for cash , $750.(4)Received cash from cash customers $2,500.(5)Paid creditors on account $480.(6)Paid cash to owner for personal use ,$600.Indicate the effect of each transactions on the accounting equation by a check mark listing theTranslation:1-1下列交易事项挑选自Castle Delivery Service公司十一月份的交易：（1）收到投资者现在投资2000美元（2）支付广告费500美元（3）现在购买汽和油，750美元（4）从购买者收到现金收入2500美元（5）偿还债权人借款480美元（6）支付现金给所有者作为个人用途600美元1-2Foreman Corporation, engaged in a service business , completed the following selected transactions during the period:1)Added additional investment, receiving cash2)Purchased supplies on account3)Returned defective supplies purchased on account and not yet paid for4)Received cash as a refund from the erroneous overpayment of an expense5)Charged customers for services sold on account6)Paid salary expense7)Paid a creditor on account8)Received cash on account from charge customer9)Paid cash for the owner’s personal use10)Determined the amount of supplies used during the monthTranslation :Foreman是一家从事服务行业的公司，以下是该公司在一段时间内的交易事项。
会计专业英语词汇
一．会计与环境Accounting period会计期Accounting process 会计程序Accounting 会计，会计学Accrual basis 权责发生制Annual report 年度报告Audit 审计Auditing 审计，审计学Balance sheet 资产负债表Budgeting 预算Cash and cash equivalents 现金及现金等价物Cash basis 现金收付制Cash flow statement 现金流量表Certified public accountant 注册会计师Corporation 公司Cost accounting 成本会计Economic entity 经济实力Financial accounting 财务会计Forecast 预测General purpose financial statements 通用财务报表Generally accepted accounting principles 一般公认会计准则Going concern 持续经营Income statement 利润表Internal auditing 内部审计International Accounting Standard Board 国际会计准则理事会Managerial（management）accounting 管理会计(monetary) unit of measurement 货币计量Not-for-profits 非营利组织Partnership 合伙Performance 业绩Prospectus 招股说明书Sole proprietorship 独资企业Stewardship（accountability）of management 管理当局的受托责任二．会计概念与原则Asset 资产Balance between benefit and cost 权衡成本效益comparability可比性completeness完整性confirmatory role 确证作用Current cost现行成本Equity 权益Expense 费用Faithful representation 如实反映Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements编报财务报表的框架Gain 利得Historical cost 历史成本Income 收益Income tax 所得税Inventory 存货Liability 负债Loss 损失Lower of cost and net realizable value成本与可变现净值孰低法Materiality 重要性Neutrality 中立性Non-monetary assets 非货币性资产Predictive role 预测作用Present value 现值Prudence (conservatism,)谨慎Realizable (settlement) value 可变现价值Receivable 应收帐款Reliability 可靠性Revenue 收入Segment 企业分部Substance over form 实质重于形式Timeliness 及时性Understandability 可理解性三．财务报表Account form 账户式Account payable 应付账款Accrued liability 应计负债Administrative expense 管理费用Amortization 摊销Available-for-sale security 可供出售证券Bond 债券Borrowing 借款Comprehensive income 综合收益Cost of sales 销售成本Current asset 流动资产Current item 流动性项目Current liability 流动负债(capital) reserve （资本）公积Depreciation 折旧Direct method 直接法Discontinued operation 终止营业Distribution cost 销售费用Equity method 权益法Finance cost 财务费用Financing activities 筹资活动Finished good 产生品Foreign currency translation adjustment 外币折算差额Goodwill 商誉Indirect method 间接法Intangible asset 无形资产Inventory 存货Investing activities 投资活动Investment 投资Mortgage 抵押借款Multiple-step from 多步式Non-current asset 非流动资产Notes payable 应付账款Operating activities 投资活动Operating cycle 营业周期Prepaid expense 预付费用Property plant and equipment 固定资产Raw material 原材料Receivable 应收账款Report form 报告式Retained earnings 留存收益Share capital 股本Short-term investment 短期投资Single-step form 单步式Taxes payable 应交税金Treasury bill 一年以内短期国债Treasury note 五年以内中期国债Wages payable 应付工资Work in progress 在产品四．会计循环Account 账户Accounting equation 会计等式Accrual 应计Accrued asset 应计资产Accrued liability 应计负债Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧Adjusted trail balance 调整后的试算平衡表Adjusting entry 调整分录Allowance for doubtful accounts 坏账准备Cash dividend 现金股利Closing entry 结账分录Common stock 普通股Contra account 抵减账户Credit 贷项，信贷Debit 借项，借方Deferral 递延Deferred expense 递延费用Deferred revenue 递延收入Depreciation 折旧Dividend 股利Double-entry bookkeeping system 复式记账Entry 分录Income Summary account 本年利润账户Journal 日记账Ledger 分类账Par value 面值Permanent account 永久性账户Post 过账Post-closing trail balance 结账后试算平衡Sales discount 销售折扣Sales returns and allowance 销售退回与折让Salvage value 残值Temporary account 暂时性账户Trail balance 失算平衡表T-account T型账户Unearned revenue 预计收入Valuation adjustments 计价调整五．流动资产Administrative overhead 管理间接费用Aging receivable 应收账款账龄分析Average cost 平均成本法Bad debt 坏账Bank reconciliation 银行存款余额调节表Bank statement 银行对账单Cash book 现金账Cash equivalents 现金等价物Cash on hand 库存现金Cash short and over 现金尾差，现金短溢Cost flow assumption 成本流转假设Count 盘存Demand deposit 活期存款Deposit in transit 在途存款Deposit to guarantee contract performance 合同履行保证金Direct labor 直接人工Direct material 直接材料Dividend receivable 应收股利Equity investment 权益投资Finished goods 产生品First-in first-out 先进先出法Fixed production overhead 固定制造费用Import duty 进口税金Interest receivable 应收利息IOU 借据Last-in last-out 后进先出法Lower of cost and net realizable value 成本与可变现净值孰低法Maturity date 到期日Moving or cumulative weighted average 移动加权平均Net realizable value 可变现净值Notes receivable 应收票据Overdraft 银行透支Overtime premium 加班津贴Past due 过期Periodic system 定期盘存制Perpetual system 永续盘存制Petty cash fund 备用金Prudence concept 谨慎性原则Raw material 原材料Rebate 回扣Redeemable preference shares 可赎回优先股Retail method 零售价法Reverse 转回Selling cost 销售费用Specific identification 个别认定法Standard cost 标准成本Subsidiary record 明细记录Supplies 无聊，价值较低的材料Trade discount 商业折扣Trade receivable 应收账款Variable production overhead 可变制造费用Work in progress 在产品Write down 减记六．投资，固定资产与无形资产Amortize 摊销Amortize cost 摊余成本Arm’s length transaction 公平交易Available-for-sale investments 可供出售投资Capitalize 资本化Carrying amount 账面价值Consolidated financial statements 合并财务报表Control 控制Depreciable amount 应计折旧额Derecognize 终止确认Effective interest rate method 实际利率法Equity method 权益法Estimated residual value 预计残值Fair value 公允价值Financial asset 金融资产Financial instrument 金融工具Fixed or float interest rate 固定或浮动利率Held on freehold 拥有所有权Held on leasehold 又有使用权Held-to-maturity investments 持有至到期投资Identifiable 可辨认Impairment 减值Internally generated 自创Investee 被投资方Investment income 投资收益Investment property 投资性房地产Knowledgeable willing parties 熟悉情况，自愿的双方Ordinary shares 普通股Parent company 母公司Physical substance 实物形态Quoted market price 市场报价Recoverable amount 可回收金额Reducing balance method 余额递减折旧法Research and development costs 研究和开发支出Revaluation surplus 重估增值Evaluation 重估Significant 重大影响Straight-line-method 直线法或年限平均法Subsidiary company 子公司Sum-of-the-year digits method 年数综合法Surplus cash 现金盈余Write off 注销记为费用七．负债Adjunct account 附属账户At par 平价Bonus 奖金Book value(carrying value) 账面价值Callable bonds 可提前赎回债券Cash discount 现金折扣Cash dividend 现金股利Compound instrument 混合股利Deferred revenue 递延收入Discount rate 折现率Discount 折价Face value 面值Good & Service Tax(GST) 货物和劳务税Gross price method 总价法Income tax 所得税Indirect taxation 间接课税Installment 分期Interest-bearing 带息，附息Leverage 杠杆Lien 留置权，质权Mortgage bonds 抵押债券Net price method 净价法Notes payable 应付票据Payroll tax 工资薪金税Premium 溢价Provision 准备Retained earnings 留存收益Sales tax 销售税Social security and unemployment insurance 社会保障税和失业保险金Tax authorities 税务机关Tax deduction 税前抵扣Value Added Tax 增值税Warrant 认股权Warranty 产品质保Yield 收益率Zero-coupon bonds 零息债券八．所有者权益Additional paid-in capital 股本溢价Callability 可赎回优先股Cash dividend 现金股利Common stock 普通股Convertibility 可转换（优先股）Cost flow assumption 成本流转假设Cost method 成本法Cumulative 积累（优先股）Declaration date 股利宣告日Fair market value 公允市价Legal capital 法定资本Limited liability 有限责任Liquidate 清算Par value method 面值法Par value 面值Participation 参加（优先股）Payment date 股利支付日Securities Law 证券法Shareholders or stockholders 股东Shares outstanding 流通在外的股份Stock dividend 股票股利Stock dividend distributable 应付股票股利Stock option 股票期权Stock split 股票分割Treasury stock 库存股九.经营成果Associating cause and effect 因果关系配比Cash discount 现金折扣Commission 销售佣金Consideration 对价Cost of sales 销售成本Dealer 经销商Department store 百货商店Gross amount 总额Immediate recognition 立即确认Installment sales 分期收款销售Matching 配比Nominal value 名义价值Ordinary operating activities 经常经营活动Refund 退款Sales allowance 销售折让Sales returns 销售退回Shipping cost 运费Systematic and rational allocation 系统合理分摊Trade discount 销售折扣Value-added tax 增值税Volume rebate 数量折扣Warranty cost 产品质量保证费用Written off 注销十. 财务报表分析Accounting policy 会计政策Asset turnover 资产周转率Auditors’ report 审计报告Base amount 基数Base year 基期或期年Business risk 经营风险Chairman’ s statement 董事长报告Common-size statement 统一量度式财务报表，同比报Comparative statement 比较报表Credit scoring 信用评级Cross-sectional comparison 同行业比较Director’ report 董事会报告DuPont system 杜邦分析系统Economic environment 经济环境Financial asset 财务资产Financial leverage 财务杠杆Financial ratio 财务比率Government statistics 政府统计数据Net income to sales 销售净利润Net profit margin 边际净利率Ratio analysis 比率分析Return on assets(ROA) 资产报酬率Return on equity(ROE) 权益资产报酬率Return on sales(ROS) 销售资产报酬率Time-series comparison时间序列比较Trend analysis 趋势分析Working capital 营运资本十一.成本要素Allocation rate 分配率Clock card 工时卡Cost Allocation 成本分配Cost object 成本对象Cost Tracing 成本汇集Department overhead 部门制造费用Direct labor 直接人工Direct material 直接材料Direct method 直接分配法Indirect labor 间接人工Indirect material 间接材料Manufacturing overhead 制造费用Payroll system 工资系统Reciprocal method 交互分配法Step-down method 顺序分配法十三.管理会计Budgeted balance sheet 预算资产负债表Budgeted statement of cash flows 预算现金流量表Capital expenditures budget 资本支出预算Cash budget 现金预算Cost center 成本中心Cost of goods sold budget 产品销售成本预算Direct labor budget 直接人工预算Direct material budget 直接材料预算Efficiency variance 效率差异Favorable variance 有利差异Financial budget 财务预算Fixed overhead capacity variance 固定性制造费用能量差异Fixed overhead expenditure variance固定性制造费用耗费差异Fixed overhead variance 固定性制造费用差异Investment center 投资中心Labor cost variance 人工成本差异Labor efficiency variance 人工效率差异Labor rate variance 人工工资率差异Material cost variance 材料成本差异Material price variance材料价格差异Material usage variance材料使用差异Operating budget 经营预算Overhead budget 间接费用预算Price standards 价格标准Price variance 价格差异Production budget 生产预算Profit center 利润中心Quantity standards 数量标准Responsibility center 责任中心Revenue budget 收入预算Revenue center 收入中心Sales forecast 销售预测Unfavorable variance 不利差异Unit standard cost 标准单位成本Variable overhead efficiency variance 变动性制造费用效率差异Variable overhead expenditure variance变动性制造费用耗费差异Variable overhead variance变动性制造费用差异。
现代西方会计理论(第十一章)
3
第二节 长期资产的计价
❖一、长期资产的计价属性
1、历史成本 （1）代表资产在取得日的价值。 （2）是企业在购置长期资产时实际支付的价格，
具有可验证性。 （3）可以保持企业内部和不同企业之间长期资产
计价的逻辑一致性。
一、长期资产的计价属性
2、现行 投入成本
重置成本： 在现有市场 上购置一个 相同规格的 资产所需支 付的现金或 其等值。
❖ ③、交换不具有经济实质但有现金差额支付，按 下列公式计算比例确认部分利得：
现金差额支付 现金差额支付 换入资产的公允价值
交易利得总额
或若现金差额等于或大于交易对价25%，可 确认全部交易利得。
第四节 长期资产的折旧
折旧的 含义
（一）资产服务潜 能的递减 （二）配比成本和 预期收益的过程
不同折旧 计算方法 及评价
❖ 无形资产的特征： ▪ 其预期未来经济效益具有高度的不确定性。 ▪ 不能与特定企业或企业的有形资产分离。
2020/4/29
无形资产的确认、计价和摊销
❖无形资产的确认要考虑三方面的特点：
▪ 单独识别辨性----即能否加以独立地识辨或者可 不可以单独地转让与出售
▪ 获取方式----是来自外部购买或是自行开发而且 是否以单一项目、整批项目或是以企业整体交 易的形式而取得
2020/4/29
无形资产的摊销
❖无形资产的摊销金额确定后，主要解决以 下问题：
▪ 无形资产的寿命期
有效寿命期 无形资产课存在或发挥效能的期限
经济寿命期 虽然无形资产的有效寿命期相当长，但由于为 了的不确定性，在会计处理上一般是按一定的经 济寿命进行摊销的
▪ 摊销方式
一般基于其对未来净收入贡献的关系，通常采用直 线法，即把无形资产的取得成本在其预计的经济寿
会计学原理FinancialAccountingbyRobertLibby第八版第十一
会计学原理FinancialAccountingbyRobertLibby第八版第十一Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityChapter 11Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ Equity__ TO __NS1. A corporation is a separate legal entity (authorized by law to operate as an individual).It is owned by a number of persons and/or entities whose ownership is evidenced by shares of capital stock. Its primary advantages are: (a) transferability of ownership, (b) limited liability to the owners, and (c) the ability to accumulate large amounts of resources. 2. The charter of a corporation is a legal document from the state that authorizes itscreation as a separate legal entity. The charter specifies the name of the entity, its purpose, and the kinds and number of shares of capital stock it can issue. 3. (a) Authorized capitalstock―the maximum number of shares of stock that can be sold and issued as specified in the charter of the corporation.(b) Issued capital stock―the total number of shares of capital stock that havebeen issued by the corporation at a particular date. (c) Outstanding capital stock―the number of shares currently owned by thestockholders.4. Common stock―the usual or normal stock of the corporation. It is the voting stockand generally ranks after the preferred stock for dividends and assets distributed upon dissolution. Often it is called the residual equity. Common stock may be either par value or no-par value.Preferred stock―when one or more additional classes of stock are issued, the additional classes are called preferred stock. Preferred stock has modifications that make it different fromcommon stock. Generally, preferred stock has both favorable and unfavorable features in comparison with common stock. Preferred stock usually is par value stock and usually specifies a dividend rate such as D6% preferred stock.‖Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ Equity5. Par value is a nominal per share amount established for the common stock and/orpreferred stock in the charter of the corporation, and is printed on the face of each stock certificate. The stock that is sold by a corporation to investors above par value is said to have sold at a premium, while stock that is sold below par is said to have sold at a discount. The laws of practically all states forbid the initial sale of stock by a corporation to investors below par value. No-par value stock does not have an amount per share specified in the charter. As a consequence, it may be issued at any price without involving a discount or a premium. It avoids giving the impression of a value that is not present. 6. The usual characteristics of preferred stock are: (1) dividend preferences, (2) conversion privileges, (3) asset preferences, and (4) nonvoting specifications. 7. The two basic sources of stockholders’ equity are:Contributed capital―the amount invested by stockholders by purchase from the corporation of shares of stock. It is comprised of two separate elements: (1) the par or stated amount derived from the sale of capital stock (common or preferred) and(2) the amount received in excess of par or stated value.Retained earnings―the accumulated amount of all ne t income since the organization of the corporation, less losses and less the accumulated amount of dividends paid by the corporation since organization.8. Stockholders’ equity is accounted for in terms of source. This means that severalaccounts are maintained for the various sources of stockholders’ equity, such as common stock, preferred stock, contributed capital in excess of par, and retained earnings. 9. Treasury stock is a corporation’s own capital stock that was sold (issued) andsubsequently reacquired by the corporation. Corporations frequently purchase shares of their own capital stock for sound business reasons, such as to obtain shares needed for employees’ bonus plans, to influence the market price of the stock, to increase earnings per share amounts, and to have shares on hand for use in the acquisition of other companies. Treasury stock, while held by the issuing corporation, confers no voting, dividend, or other stockholder rights. 10. Treasury stock is reported on the balance she et under stockholders’ equity as adeduction; that is, as contra stockholders’ equity. Any Dgain or loss‖ on treasury stock that has been sold is reported on the financial statements as an addition to contributed capital if a gain; if a loss, it is deducted from any previous contributed capital, or otherwise from retained earnings.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ Equity11. The two basic requirements to support a cash dividend are: (1) cash on hand or theability to obtain cash sufficient to pay the dividend and (2) a sufficient balance in retained earnings, because the dividend represents a return of earnings to the stockholders. A cash dividend reduces both the assets of a corporation and stockholders’ equity by the amount o f the dividend. 12. Cumulative preferred stock has a dividend preference such that, should thedividends on the preferred stock for any year, or series of years, not be paid, dividends cannot be paid to the common stockholders until all such dividends in arrears are paid to the preferred stockholders. Noncumulative preferred stock does not have this preference; therefore, dividends not paid in past periods will never be paid to the preferred stockholders. 13. A stockdividend involves the issuance to the stockholders of a dividend in thecorporation’s own stock (rather than cash). A stock dividend is significantly different from a cash dividend in that the corporation does not disburse any assets, while in the case of a cash dividend, cash is decreased by the amount of the dividend.A cash dividend also reduces total stockholders’ equity by the amount of the dividend. In contrast, a stock dividend does not change total stockholders’ equity. 14. The primary purposes for issuing a stock dividend are: (1) to maintain dividendconsistency; that is, to pay dividends each year either in cash or in capital stock, and (2) to capitalize retained earnings; that is, a stock dividend requires a transfer from the Retained Earnings account to the permanent contributed capital accounts for the amount of the dividend. Although this transfer does not change stockholders’ equity in total, it does cause a shift from retained earnings to contributed capital. 15. When a dividend is declared and paid, the three important dates are:Declaration date―the date on which the board of directors votes the dividend. In the case of a cash dividend, a dividend liability comes into existence on this date and must be recordedas a debit to Retained Earnings and as a credit to Dividends Payable.Date of record―this date usually is about one month after the date of declaration. It is the date on which the corporation extracts from its stockholders’ records the list of individuals owning shares. The dividend is paid only to those names listed on the record date. No entry in the accounts is made on this date.Date of payment―the date on which the cash is disbursed to pay the dividend. It follows the date of record as specified in the dividend announcement. The entry to record the cash disbursement for the dividend is a debit to Dividends Payable and a credit to Cash.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ Equity16. Retained earnings is the accumulated amount of all net income of the corporationless all losses and less the accumulated amount of all dividends declared to date. The primary components of retained earnings are: beginning balance, plus net income, less net losses, minus dividends declared, equals the ending balance.__ TO __E CHOICE1. c) 6. b)2. d) 7. c)3. b) 8. c)4. a) 9. d)5. c) 10. a)Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityAuthors’ Recommended Solution Time(Time in minutes)students will need to complete the assignment. As with any open-ended project, it is possible for students to devote a large amount of time to these assignments. While students often benefit from the extra effort, we find that some become frustrated by the perceived difficulty of the task. You can reduce student frustration and anxiety by making your expectations clear. For example, when our goal is to sharpen research skills, we devote class time to discussing research strategies. When we want the students to focus on a real accounting issue, we offer suggestions about possible companies or industries.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityMINI- __ESM11C1.Stockholders may:a) Vote in the stockholders’ meeting (or by proxy) on major issues concerning management of the corporation. b) Participate proportionately with other stockholders in the distribution of the corporation’s profits. c) Share proportionately with other stockholders in the distribution of corporate assets upon liquidation.Being able to vote is the most important of the rights because this ensures that the owners have an input at the stockholders’ meeting and some control of the management of the corporation, thus enabling them to protect their rights as stockholders. M11C2.Unissued shares = 90,000 (268,000 C 178,000) M11C3.Cash (170,000 $21) (+A) ...........................................3,570,000Common Stock (170,000 $1) (+SE) ......................Capital in Excess of Par (+SE) .................................The journal entry would be different if the par value were $2: Cash (170,000 $21) (+A) ...........................................3,570,000Common Stock (170,000 $2) (+SE) ......................Capital in Excess of Par (+SE) .................................340,000 3,230,000170,000 3,400,000Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityM11C4.Common stock is the basic voting stock issued by a corporation. It ranks after preferred stock for dividends and assets distributed upon liquidation of thecorporation. The dividend rate for common stock is determined by the board of directors, and is based on the company’s profitability. The dividend rate forpreferred stock is fixed by a contract. Common stock has more potential for growth than preferred stock if the company is profitable. On the other hand, the investor may lose more money with common stock than with preferred stock if the company is not profitable.Usually, It is advisable to invest in the common stock if you believe the company will be profitable. Common stock will receive a higher return on the $100,000 than preferred stock would.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityM11C7.April 15:Retained Earnings (-SE) .............................................. Dividends Payable (+L) ............................................June 14:Dividends Payable (-L) ................................................. Cash (-A) ..................................................................65,00065,00065,00065,000M11C10.Retained Earnings (-SE) .............................................. Common Stock (+SE) ..............................................800,000800,000Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interp reting Owners’ Equity__ESE11C1.Computation of End of Year Balance for Treasury Stock:Beginning balance Net increase307,532,841 383,407,665Ending balanceComputation of Shares Outstanding: E11C2.Req. 1 The number of authorized shares is specified in the corporate charter: 300,000. Req. 2 Issued shares are the sharessold to the public: 160,000 Req. 3Issued shares 160,000 Treasury stockIssued shares Treasury stock2,109,316,331 1,725,908,666Shares OutstandingOutstanding shares 135,000Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11C3. Req. 1Stockholders’ EquityContributed capital: Preferred stock, authorized 4,000 shares, issued and outstanding, 3,000 shares ...................................................... $ 24,000 Common stock, authorized 103,000 shares,issued and outstanding, 20,000 shares .................................................... 200,000 Capital in excess of par, preferred .............................................................. 36,000 Capital in excess of stated value, no-par common ..................................... 120,000 Total contributed capital .......................................................................... 380,000 Retained earnings .......................................................................................... 60,000 Total Stockholders’ Equity .......................................................................Req. 2The answer would depend on the profitability of the company and the stability of its earnings. The preferred stock has a 9% dividend rate. If the company earns more than 9%, the additional earnings would accrue to the current stockholders. If the company earns less than 9%, it would pay a higher rate to the preferred stockholders. E11C4.Req. 1 ($30 x 90,000 shares) - $1,600,000 = $1,100,000 Req.2 $900,000 - $1,000,000 + $800,000 = $700,000 Req.3 90,000 shares C 80,000 shares = 10,000 shares Req.4 EPS = $1,000,000 80,000 = $12.50Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11C5.Req. 1a. Cash (5,600 shares x $20) (+A) ............................................ 112,000 Common stock (5,600 shares x $10) (+SE) ...................... Capital in excess of par, common stock (+SE) .................. Sold common stock at a premium.b.Cash (1,000 shares x $25) (+A) ............................................ Common stock (1,000 shares x $10) (+SE) ...................... Capital in excess of par, common stock (+SE) .................. Sold common stockat a premium.25,00056,000 56,000 10,000 15,000Req. 2Stockholders’ EquityContributed capital: Common stock, par $10, authorized 11,500 shares, outstanding 6,600 shares .................................................................... $ 66,000 Contributed capital in excess of par ........................................................ 71,000 Total contributed capital .......................................................................... 137,000 Retained earnings ...................................................................................... 12,000 Stockholders’ equity ...................................................................................Chapter 11 - Report ing and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11C6. Req. 1Req. 2(Note that this solution is based on the number of Class A common shares that areoutstanding. We elect not to include the Class B shares because they are owned by the Dillard family. Usually, students do not question this assumption but when they do, it permits usto discuss reasons for issuing different types of common stock. In this case, owners of Class B shares are permitted to elect two-thirds of the board of directors, effectively letting the founding family maintain control of a public company). Number of shares outstanding 2022年: 118,529,925 shares issued minus 73,099,319 Number of shares outstanding 2022年: 117,706,523 shares issued minus 61,740,439 Req. 3(In thousands) Retained earnings for 2022年: $3,107,344minusnet income for 2022年$463,909 plus dividends for 2022年$10,002 = $2,653,437 Req. 4(thousand). Req. 5Treasury stock transactions decreased stockholders’ equity by $490,786 (thousand) ($1,846,312 - $1,355,526). Req. 6 For 2022年, treasury stock cost per share: $1,846,312 (thousand) ÷ 73,099,319 shares =Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11C7.Req. 1a. Cash (50,000 shares x $50) (+A) .......................................... 2,500,000 Common stock (50,000 shares x $2) (+SE) ...................... 100,000 Capital in excess of par, common stock (+SE) ..................2,400,000 Sold common stock at a premium. b.Treasury stock (2,000 shares x $52) (+XSE, -SE) ................ Cash (-A) ........................................................................... Bought treasury stock.104,000104,000Req. 2Stockholders’ EquityContributed capital: Common stock, par $2, authorized 80,000 shares, issued 50,000 shares .......................................................................... $ 100,000 Contributed capital in excess of par ........................................................ 2,400,000 Total contributed capital .......................................................................... 2,500,000 Treasury stock............................................................................................ (104,000 ) Stockholders’ equity ................................................................................... E11C8.Shareholders’ equity (deficit) in thousands:Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 33,981,509 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022年, 34,150,389 shares issued and outstandingat December 31, 2022年Additional paid-in capital Accumulated deficitTotal shareholders’ equity2022年2022年340 342 198,304 200,524 (118,282 ) (98,733 ) 80,362 102,133Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11C9.Stockholders’ EquityContributed capital: Preferred stock, 8%, par $50, authorized 59,000 shares, issued and outstanding, 20,000 shares ............................................... $1,000,000 Common stock, par $10, authorized 98,000 shares, issued, 78,000 shares ......................................................................... 780,000 Capital in excess of par, preferred stock ................................................. 600,000 Capital in excess of par, common stock .................................................. 780,000 Treasury stock ..................................................................................... (80,000) Retained earnings* ......................................................................................... 160,000 Total stockholders’ equity........................................................................ *($210,000 C $50,000 = $160,000.) E11C10.a. Cash (20,000 shares x $20) (+A) .......................................... 400,000 Common stock, no-par (+SE) ............................................ .b. Cash (6,000 shares x $40) (+A) ............................................ 240,000 Common stock, no-par (+SE) ...........................................c.Cash (7,000 shares x $30) (+A) ............................................ 210,000 Preferred stock (7,000 shares x $10) (+SE) ...................... Capital in excess of par, preferred (+SE) ..........................400,000 240,000 70,000 140,000Req. 2Yes, it is ethical as long as there is a full disclosure of relevant information. In any arm’slength transaction, an informed buyer will pay the market value of the stock.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11C11. Req. 1Number of preferred shares issued: $100,000 Req. 2Number of preferred shares outstanding: 10,000 shares issued minus 500 shares held Req. 3Average sales price per share of preferred stock when issued: ($100,000 + $15,000) ÷ Req. 4Treasury stock transactions decreased stockholders’ equity by $8,000 (same as the decrease in corporate resources in 4 above). Req. 6Treasury stock cost per share: $9,500 ÷Req. 7Req. 8Issue price of common stock $600,000 ÷Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11C12. Req. 1The number of shares that have been issuedis computed by dividing the common stock account ($4,008 million) by the par value of the shares ($1 per share) or approximately 4,008,000,000 shares. Req. 2Retained earnings end of 2022年 ............ $70,682,000,000 Net income for 2022年 ............................ 10,756,000,000 Dividends for 2022年 ............................... (5,811,600,000 ) Retained earnings end of 2022年 ............ $75,626,400,000The amount of retained earnings is an estimate because we do not know the exactnumber of shares outstanding (because we do not know the number of shares in treasury stock). This number is needed todetermine the amount of dividends paid during 2022年. We based the dividends on the estimate calculated in the previous requirement.E11C13.The treasury stock account is a contra equity account, meaning that it subtracts from the total stockholders’ equity. Cash also decreases on the balance sheet by the same amount.Req. 2Many companies repurchase common stock in order to develop an employee bonus plan that provides workers with shares of the company’s stock as part of their compensation. Because of SEC regulations concerning newly issued shares, companies find it cheaper to give their employees shares of stock that were purchased from stockholders than to issue new shares. In this case, the company mentions the goal of enhancing shareholders’ value. If the company main tains its current level of income, earnings per share will increase with fewer shares outstanding. Themanagement expects that the increase in EPS will be reflected in an increase in stock price. Req. 3Shares that are held in treasury stock do not participate individend payments. As a result, the purchase of treasury stock will reduce the amount of dividends that the company must pay in future years.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11C14. Req. 1Stockholders’ Eq uityContributed capital:Common stock, authorized 100,000 shares, issued 34,000 shares, ofwhich 2,000 shares are held as treasury stock .................................. Capital in excess of par ........................................................................ Total contributed capital .................................................................... Retained earnings ................................................................................... Total .................................................................................................. Less: Cost of treasury stock ................................................................. Total Stockholders’ Equity Req. 2The dividend yield ratio is 2.24% ([$16,000 32,000 shares] $22.29). While this yield seems small, it is a typical return on common stock. Investors receive a return from both dividends and stock price appreciation.Treasury stock does not receive dividends. As a result, dividends should be paid on 32,000 shares. E11C15.Req. 1a. Treasury stock (200 shares x $20) (+XSE, -SE) ................... Cash (-A) ........................................................................... Bought treasury stock.b.Cash (40 shares x $25) (+A) ................................................. Treasury stock(40 shares x $20) (-XSE, +SE) .................. Capital in excess of par (+SE) ........................................... Sold treasury stock.Capital in excess of par (-SE) ............................................... Treasury stock (30 shares x $20) (-XSE, +SE) ................ Sold treasury stock.4,0001,000450 1504,000800 200600$680,000 163,000 843,000 89,000 932,000 25,000 c. Cash (30 shares x $15) (+A) .................................................Req. 2It is not possible to make a Dprofit‖ or Dloss‖ on treasury stock transactions. Therefore, these transactions do not affect the income statement.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Ow ners’ EquityE11C16.Req. 1 Feb. 1:Treasury stock, common (160 shares x $20) (+XSE, -SE) Cash (-A) ........................................................................July 15:Cash (80 shares x $21) (+A) ............................................. Treasury stock, common (-XSE, +SE) ........................... Capital in excess of par (+SE) .......................................Sept. 1:Cash (50 shares x $19) (+A) ............................................. Capital in excess of par (-SE) ............................................ Treasury stock, common (50 shares x $20) (-XSE, +SE) . Req. 2Dividends are not paid on treasury stock. Therefore, the amount of total cash dividends paid is reduced when treasury stock is purchased. Req. 3The sale of treasury stock for more or less than its original purchase price does not have an impact on net income. Thetransaction affects only balance sheet accounts. The cash received from the sale of treasury stock is a cash inflow which would affect the Statement of Cash Flows in the financing activities section.3,2001,680950 503,2001,600 80 1,000Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11C17. Req. 1Case 1: When companies unexpectedly announce increases in dividends, stock prices typically increase. Depending on course objective, the instructor may want to discuss research in finance concerning dividend policy.Case 2: Stock price is based on expectations. If the increase in operatingperformance was not expected, the stock price should increase. It is not necessary to increase dividends to have a favorable stock price reaction.Case 3: Stock dividends do not provide any economic valuebut they may have a signal effect and are often associated with increases in cash dividends. As a result, stock dividends do not appear to directly cause an increase in stock price but are often associated with factors that do impact favorably on price.Req.2Stock prices react to underlying economic events and not changes in reporting methods, per se. Markets are relatively effective in recognizing the differencebetween profits generated by operations and profits generated by the use of liberal accounting policies.。
会计学原理Financial Accounting by Robert Libby第八版 第十一章 答案
Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityChapter 11Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityANSWERS TO QUESTIONS1. A corporation is a separate legal entity (authorized by law to operate as an individual).It is owned by a number of persons and/or entities whose ownership is evidenced by shares of capital stock. Its primary advantages are: (a) transferability of ownership, (b) limited liability to the owners, and (c) the ability to accumulate large amounts of resources.2. The charter of a corporation is a legal document from the state that authorizes itscreation as a separate legal entity. The charter specifies the name of the entity, its purpose, and the kinds and number of shares of capital stock it can issue.3. (a) Authorized capital stock—the maximum number of shares of stock that can besold and issued as specified in the charter of the corporation.(b) Issued capital stock—the total number of shares of capital stock that havebeen issued by the corporation at a particular date.(c) Outstanding capital stock—the number of shares currently owned by thestockholders.4. Common stock—the usual or normal stock of the corporation. It is the voting stockand generally ranks after the preferred stock for dividends and assets distributed upon dissolution. Often it is called the residual equity. Common stock may be either par value or no-par value.Preferred stock—when one or more additional classes of stock are issued, the additional classes are called preferred stock. Preferred stock has modifications that make it different fromcommon stock. Generally, preferred stock has both favorable and unfavorable features in comparison with common stock. Preferred stock usually is par value stock and usually specifies a dividend rate such as ―6% preferred stock.‖Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ Equity5. Par value is a nominal per share amount established for the common stock and/orpreferred stock in the charter of the corporation, and is printed on the face of each stock certificate. The stock that is sold by a corporation to investors above par value is said to have sold at a premium, while stock that is sold below par is said to have sold at a discount. The laws of practically all states forbid the initial sale of stock by a corporation to investors below par value. No-par value stock does not have an amount per share specified in the charter. As a consequence, it may be issued at any price without involving a discount or a premium. It avoids giving the impression of a value that is not present.6. The usual characteristics of preferred stock are: (1) dividend preferences, (2)conversion privileges, (3) asset preferences, and (4) nonvoting specifications.7. The two basic sources of stockholders’ equity are:Contributed capital—the amount invested by stockholders by purchase from the corporation of shares of stock. It is comprised of two separate elements: (1) the par or stated amount derived from the sale of capital stock (common or preferred) and(2) the amount received in excess of par or stated value.Retained earnings—the accumulated amount of all net income since the organization of the corporation, less losses and less the accumulated amount of dividends paid by the corporation since organization.8. Stockholders’ equity is accounted for in terms of source. This means that severalaccounts are maintained for the various sources of stockholders’equity, such as common stock, preferred stock, contributed capital in excess of par, and retained earnings.9. Treasury stock is a corporation’s own capital stock that was sold (issued) andsubsequently reacquired by the corporation. Corporations frequently purchase shares of their own capital stock for sound business reasons, such as to obtain shares needed for employees’ bonus plans, to influence the market price of the stock, to increase earnings per share amounts, and to have shares on hand for use in the acquisition of other companies. Treasury stock, while held by the issuing corporation, confers no voting, dividend, or other stockholder rights.10. Treasury stock is reported on the balance sheet under stockholders’equity as adeduction; that is, as contra stockholders’equity. Any ―gain or loss‖ on treasury stock that has been sold is reported on the financial statements as an addition to contributed capital if a gain; if a loss, it is deducted from any previous contributed capital, or otherwise from retained earnings.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ Equity11. The two basic requirements to support a cash dividend are: (1) cash on hand or theability to obtain cash sufficient to pay the dividend and (2) a sufficient balance in retained earnings, because the dividend represents a return of earnings to the stockholders. A cash dividend reduces both the assets of a corporation and stockholders’ equity by the amount of the dividend.12. Cumulative preferred stock has a dividend preference such that, should thedividends on the preferred stock for any year, or series of years, not be paid, dividends cannot be paid to the common stockholders until all such dividends in arrears are paid to the preferred stockholders. Noncumulative preferred stock does not have this preference; therefore, dividends not paid in past periods will never be paid to the preferred stockholders.13. A stock dividend involves the issuance to the stockholders of a dividend in thecorporation’s own stock (rather than cash). A stock dividend is significantly diffe rent from a cash dividend in that the corporation does not disburse any assets, while in the case of a cash dividend, cash is decreased by the amount of the dividend. A cash dividend also reduces total stockholders’ equity by the amount of the dividend.In contrast, a stock dividend does not change total stockholders’ equity.14. The primary purposes for issuing a stock dividend are: (1) to maintain dividendconsistency; that is, to pay dividends each year either in cash or in capital stock, and (2) to capitalize retained earnings; that is, a stock dividend requires a transfer from the Retained Earnings account to the permanent contributed capital accounts for the amount of the dividend. Although this transfer does not change stockholders’ equity in total, it does cause a shift from retained earnings to contributed capital. 15. When a dividend is declared and paid, the three important dates are:Declaration date—the date on which the board of directors votes the dividend. In the case of a cash dividend, a dividend liability comes into existence on this date and must be recorded as a debit to Retained Earnings and as a credit to Dividends Payable.Date of record—this date usually is about one month after the date of declaration. It is the date on which the corporation extracts from its stockholders’ records the list of individuals owning shares. The dividend is paid only to those names listed on the record date. No entry in the accounts is made on this date.Date of payment—the date on which the cash is disbursed to pay the dividend. It follows the date of record as specified in the dividend announcement. The entry to record the cash disbursement for the dividend is a debit to Dividends Payable anda credit to Cash.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ Equity16. Retained earnings is the accumulated amount of all net income of the corporationless all losses and less the accumulated amount of all dividends declared to date.The primary components of retained earnings are: beginning balance, plus net income, less net losses, minus dividends declared, equals the ending balance.ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE1. c)2. d)3. b)4. a)5. c)6. b)7. c)8. c)9. d) 10. a)Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityAuthors’ Recommended Solution Time(Time in minutes)students will need to complete the assignment. As with any open-ended project, it is possible for students to devote a large amount of time to these assignments. While students often benefit from the extra effort, we find that some become frustrated by the perceived difficulty of the task. You can reduce student frustration and anxiety by making your expectations clear. For example, when our goal is to sharpen research skills, we devote class time to discussing research strategies. When we want the students to focus on a real accounting issue, we offer suggestions about possible companies or industries.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityMINI- EXERCISESM11–1.Stockholders may:a) Vote in the stockholders’ meeting (or by proxy) on major issues concerningmanagement of the corporation.b) Participate proportionately with other stockholders in the distribution of thecorporation’s profits.c) Share proportionately with other stockholders in the distribution of corporateassets upon liquidation.Being able to vote is the most important of the rights because this ensures that the owners have an input at the stockholders’ meeting and some control of the management of the corporation, thus enabling them to protect their rights as stockholders.M11–2.Unissued shares = 90,000 (268,000 – 178,000)M11–3.Cash (170,000 ⨯ $21) (+A) ...........................................3,570,000Common Stock (170,000 ⨯ $1) (+SE) ......................170,000 Capital in Excess of Par (+SE) .................................3,400,000 The journal entry would be different if the par value were $2:Cash (170,000 ⨯ $21) (+A) ...........................................3,570,000Common Stock (170,000 ⨯ $2) (+SE) ......................340,000 Capital in Excess of Par (+SE) .................................3,230,000Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityM11–4.Common stock is the basic voting stock issued by a corporation. It ranks afterpreferred stock for dividends and assets distributed upon liquidation of thecorporation. The dividend rate for common stock is determined by the board of directors, and is based on the company’s profitability. The dividend rate forpreferred stock is fixed by a contract. Common stock has more potential for growth than preferred stock if the company is profitable. On the other hand, the investor may lose more money with common stock than with preferred stock if the company is not profitable.Usually, It is advisable to invest in the common stock if you believe the company will be profitable. Common stock will receive a higher return on the $100,000 than preferred stock would.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityM11–7.April 15:Retained Earnings (-SE) ..............................................65,000Dividends Payable (+L) ............................................65,000 June 14:Dividends Payable (-L) .................................................65,000Cash (-A) ..................................................................65,000M11–10.Retained Earnings (-SE) ..............................................800,000Common Stock (+SE) ..............................................800,000Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityEXERCISESE11–1.Computation of End of Year Balance for Treasury Stock:Beginning balance 307,532,841Net increase 75,874,824Ending balance 383,407,665Computation of Shares Outstanding:Issued shares 2,109,316,331Treasury stock ( 383,407,665)Shares Outstanding 1,725,908,666E11–2.Req. 1 The number of authorized shares is specified in the corporate charter: 300,000. Req. 2 Issued shares are the shares sold to the public: 160,000Req. 3 Issued shares 160,000Treasury stock (25,000)Outstanding shares 135,000Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11–3.Req. 1Stockholders’ EquityContributed capital:Preferred stock, authorized 4,000 shares,issued and outstanding, 3,000 shares ...................................................... $ 24,000 Common stock, authorized 103,000 shares,issued and outstanding, 20,000 shares .................................................... 200,000 Capital in excess of par, preferred .............................................................. 36,000 Capital in excess of stated value, no-par common ..................................... 120,000 Total contributed capital .......................................................................... 380,000 Retained earnings .......................................................................................... 60,000 Total Stockholders’ Equity....................................................................... $440,000 Req. 2The answer would depend on the profitability of the company and the stability of its earnings. The preferred stock has a 9% dividend rate. If the company earns more than 9%, the additional earnings would accrue to the current stockholders. If the company earns less than 9%, it would pay a higher rate to the preferred stockholders.E11–4.Req. 1 ($30 x 90,000 shares) - $1,600,000 = $1,100,000Req. 2 $900,000 - $1,000,000 + $800,000 = $700,000Req. 3 90,000 shares – 80,000 shares = 10,000 sharesReq. 4 EPS = $1,000,000 80,000 = $12.50Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11–5.Req. 1a. Cash (5,600 shares x $20) (+A) ............................................ 112,000Common stock (5,600 shares x $10) (+SE) ...................... 56,000 Capital in excess of par, common stock (+SE) .................. 56,000 Sold common stock at a premium.b. Cash (1,000 shares x $25) (+A) ............................................ 25,000Common stock (1,000 shares x $10) (+SE) ...................... 10,000 Capital in excess of par, common stock (+SE) .................. 15,000 Sold common stock at a premium.Req. 2Stockholders’ EquityContributed capital:Common stock, par $10, authorized 11,500 shares,outstanding 6,600 shares .................................................................... $ 66,000 Contributed capital in excess of par ........................................................ 71,000 Total contributed capital .......................................................................... 137,000 Retained earnings ...................................................................................... 12,000 Stockholders’ equity ................................................................................... $149,000Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11–6.Req. 1Common stock, class A at par value: 118,529,925 X $0.01 = $1,185 (thousand)Req. 2(Note that this solution is based on the number of Class A common shares that are outstanding. We elect not to include the Class B shares because they are owned by the Dillard family. Usually, students do not question this assumption but when they do, it permits us to discuss reasons for issuing different types of common stock. In this case, owners of Class B shares are permitted to elect two-thirds of the board of directors, effectively letting the founding family maintain control of a public company).Number of shares outstanding 2012: 118,529,925 shares issued minus 73,099,319 shares held as treasury stock = 45,430,606.Number of shares outstanding 2011: 117,706,523 shares issued minus 61,740,439 shares held as treasury stock = 55,966,084.Req. 3(In thousands) Retained earnings for 2011: $3,107,344minusnet income for 2012 $463,909 plus dividends for 2012 $10,002 = $2,653,437Req. 4As of 2012, treasury stock had decreased corporate resources by $1,846,312 (thousand).Req. 5T reasury stock transactions decreased stockholders’ equity by $490,786 (thousand) ($1,846,312 - $1,355,526).Req. 6For 2012, treasury stock cost per share: $1,846,312 (thousand) ÷ 73,099,319 shares = $25.26.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11–7.Req. 1a. Cash (50,000 shares x $50) (+A) .......................................... 2,500,000Common stock (50,000 shares x $2) (+SE) ...................... 100,000 Capital in excess of par, common stock (+SE) .................. 2,400,000 Sold common stock at a premium.b. Treasury stock (2,000 shares x $52) (+XSE, -SE) ................ 104,000Cash (-A) ........................................................................... 104,000 Bought treasury stock.Req. 2Stockholders’ EquityContributed capital:Common stock, par $2, authorized 80,000 shares,issued 50,000 shares .......................................................................... $ 100,000 Contributed capital in excess of par ........................................................ 2,400,000 Total contributed capital .......................................................................... 2,500,000 Treasury stock............................................................................................ (104,000 ) Stockholders’ equity ................................................................................... $2,396,000 E11–8.Shareholders’ equity (deficit) in thousands: 2010 2011 Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized,33,981,509 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010,34,150,389 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2011 340 342 Additional paid-in capital 198,304 200,524 Accumulated deficit (118,282 ) (98,733 ) Total shareholders’ equity80,362 102,133Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11–9.Stockholders’ EquityContributed capital:Preferred stock, 8%, par $50, authorized 59,000 shares,issued and outstanding, 20,000 shares ............................................... $1,000,000 Common stock, par $10, authorized 98,000 shares,issued, 78,000 shares ......................................................................... 780,000 Capital in excess of par, preferred stock ................................................. 600,000 Capital in excess of par, common stock .................................................. 780,000 Treasury stock ..................................................................................... (80,000) Retained earnings* ......................................................................................... 160,000 Total stockholders’ equity........................................................................ $3,240,000 *($210,000 – $50,000 = $160,000.)E11–10.Req. 1a. Cash (20,000 shares x $20) (+A) .......................................... 400,000Common stock, no-par (+SE) ............................................ 400,000 .b. Cash (6,000 shares x $40) (+A) ............................................ 240,000Common stock, no-par (+SE) ........................................... 240,000 c. Cash (7,000 shares x $30) (+A) ............................................ 210,000Preferred stock (7,000 shares x $10) (+SE) ...................... 70,000 Capital in excess of par, preferred (+SE) .......................... 140,000 Req. 2Yes, it is ethical as long as there is a fu ll disclosure of relevant information. In any arm’s length transaction, an informed buyer will pay the market value of the stock.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11–11.Req. 1Number of preferred shares issued: $100,000 $10 = 10,000Req. 2Number of preferred shares outstanding: 10,000 shares issued minus 500 shares held as treasury stock = 9,500.Req. 3Average sales price per share of preferred stock when issued: ($100,000 + $15,000) ÷10,000 shares = $11.50.Req. 4Decreased corporate resources by $9,500 - $1,500 = $8,000.Req. 5Treasury stock transactions decreased stockholders’ equity by $8,000 (same as the decrease in corporate resources in 4 above).Req. 6Treasury stock cost per share: $9,500 ÷ 500 shares = $19.00.Req. 7Total stockholders’ equity: $741,000.Req. 8Issue price of common stock $600,000 ÷ 8,000 shares = $75.00.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11–12.Req. 1The number of shares that have been issuedis computed by dividing the common stock account ($4,008 million) by the par value of the shares ($1 per share) or approximately 4,008,000,000 shares.Req. 2Retained earnings end of 2011 ............ $70,682,000,000Net income for 2012 ............................ 10,756,000,000Dividends for 2012 ............................... (5,811,600,000 )Retained earnings end of 2012 ............ $75,626,400,000The amount of retained earnings is an estimate because we do not know the exact number of shares outstanding (because we do not know the number of shares in treasury stock). This number is needed to determine the amount of dividends paid during 2012. We based the dividends on the estimate calculated in the previous requirement.E11–13.The treasury stock account is a contra equity account, meaning that it subtracts from the total stockholders’ equity. Cash also decreases on the balance sheet by the same amount.Req. 2Many companies repurchase common stock in order to develop an employee bonus plan that provides workers with shares of the company’s stock as part of their compensation. Because of SEC regulations concerning newly issued shares, companies find it cheaper to give their employees shares of stock that were purchased from stockholders than to issue new shares. In this case, the company mentions the goal of enhancing shareholder s’ value. If the company maintains its current level of income, earnings per share will increase with fewer shares outstanding. The management expects that the increase in EPS will be reflected in an increase in stock price.Req. 3Shares that are held in treasury stock do not participate in dividend payments. As a result, the purchase of treasury stock will reduce the amount of dividends that the company must pay in future years.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11–14.Req. 1Stockholders’ EquityContributed capital:Common stock, authorized 100,000 shares, issued 34,000 shares, ofwhich 2,000 shares are held as treasury stock .................................. $680,000 Capital in excess of par ........................................................................ 163,000 Total contributed capital .................................................................... 843,000 Retained earnings ................................................................................... 89,000 Total .................................................................................................. 932,000 Less: Cost of treasury stock ................................................................. 25,000 Total Stockholders’ Equity$907,000 Req. 2The dividend yield ratio is 2.24% ([$16,000 ÷ 32,000 shares] ÷ $22.29). While this yield seems small, it is a typical return on common stock. Investors receive a return from both dividends and stock price appreciation.Treasury stock does not receive dividends. As a result, dividends should be paid on 32,000 shares.E11–15.Req. 1a. Treasury stock (200 shares x $20) (+XSE, -SE) ................... 4,000Cash (-A) ........................................................................... 4,000 Bought treasury stock.b. Cash (40 shares x $25) (+A) ................................................. 1,000Treasury stock(40 shares x $20) (-XSE, +SE) (800)Capital in excess of par (+SE) (200)Sold treasury stock.c. Cash (30 shares x $15) (+A) (450)Capital in excess of par (-SE) (150)Treasury stock (30 shares x $20) (-XSE, +SE) (600)Sold treasury stock.Req. 2It is not possible to make a ―profit‖ o r ―loss‖ on treasury stock transactions. Therefore, these transactions do not affect the income statement.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11–16.Req. 1Feb. 1:Treasury stock, common (160 shares x $20) (+XSE, -SE) 3,200Cash (-A) ........................................................................ 3,200 July 15:Cash (80 shares x $21) (+A) ............................................. 1,680Treasury stock, common (-XSE, +SE) ........................... 1,600 Capital in excess of par (+SE) (80)Sept. 1:Cash (50 shares x $19) (+A) (950)Capital in excess of par (-SE) (50)Treasury stock, common (50 shares x $20) (-XSE, +SE) 1,000.Req. 2Dividends are not paid on treasury stock. Therefore, the amount of total cash dividends paid is reduced when treasury stock is purchased.Req. 3The sale of treasury stock for more or less than its original purchase price does not have an impact on net income. The transaction affects only balance sheet accounts. The cash received from the sale of treasury stock is a cash inflow which would affect the Statement of Cash Flows in the financing activities section.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ EquityE11–17.Req. 1Case 1: When companies unexpectedly announce increases in dividends, stock prices typically increase. Depending on course objective, the instructor may want to discuss research in finance concerning dividend policy.Case 2: Stock price is based on expectations. If the increase in operatingperformance was not expected, the stock price should increase. It is not necessary to increase dividends to have a favorable stock price reaction.Case 3: Stock dividends do not provide any economic value but they may have a signal effect and are often associated with increases in cash dividends. As a result, stock dividends do not appear to directly cause an increase in stock price but are often associated with factors that do impact favorably on price.Req.2Stock prices react to underlying economic events and not changes in reportingmethods, per se. Markets are relatively effective in recognizing the differencebetween profits generated by operations and profits generated by the use of liberal accounting policies.Chapter 11 - Reporting and Interpreting Owners’ Equity E11–18.Req. 1 Preferred(5,000Shares)Common(50,000Shares) Totala) Noncumulative:Preferred ($50,000 x 10%) ...................................... $ 5,000 $ 5,000 Balance to common ($85,000 – $5,000) ................. $80,000 80,000$ 5,000 $80,000 $85,000 b) Cumulative:Preferred, arrears ($50,000 x 10% x 2 years) ......... $ 10,000 $ 10,000 Preferred, current year ($50,000 x 10%) ................. 5,000 5,000 Balance to common ($85,000 – $10,000 – $5,000) $70,000 70,000$15,000 $70,000 $85,000Req. 2The total dividend amount and dividends per share of common stock were less underthe second assumption because the preferred stock preferences increased while at the same time the total dividend amount remained stable.Req. 3Larger total dividend distributionsare more favorable for the common stockholders.E11–19.ItemEffect of Cash Dividend (Preferred) Effect of Stock Dividend (Common)Assets –No effect on declaration date.–Decreased by the amount of thedividend ($7,200) on paymentdate. No effect because no assets are disbursed.Liabilities –Increased on declaration date($7,200).–Decreased on payment date($7,200). No effect—no entry on declaration date because no contractual liability is created (no assets are disbursed).Stockholders’equity Decreased by the amount of thedividend (retained earningsdecreased by $7,200).–Total stockho lders’ equity notchanged.–Retained earnings reduced andcontributed capital increased bysame amount ($120,000).。
会计英文常用词汇
会计英文常用词汇引言在全球化的时代，掌握英语已经成为一项必备技能。
对于从事会计工作的人来说，熟悉会计英文常用词汇更是必不可少的。
本文将为您介绍一些常见的会计英文词汇，以帮助您更好地进行会计工作。
1. 会计基础•Accounting: 会计•Bookkeeping: 簿记•Assets: 资产•Liabilities: 负债•Equity: 权益•Income: 收入•Expenses: 费用•Ledger: 分类账•Balance sheet: 资产负债表•Income statement: 损益表•Cash flow statement: 现金流量表•Trial balance: 试算表•Double-entry accounting: 复式记账2. 账户类型•Cash: 现金•Accounts receivable: 应收账款•Accounts payable: 应付账款•Inventory: 存货•Fixed assets: 固定资产•Intangible assets: 无形资产•Equity or Owner’s equity: 所有者权益•Retned earnings: 留存收益•Revenue: 收益•Expense: 费用•Cost of goods sold: 销售成本3. 交易和记录•Journal entry: 日志记录•Debit: 借方•Credit: 贷方•General ledger: 总分类账•Accounts receivable ledger: 应收账款分类账•Accounts payable ledger: 应付账款分类账•Cash disbursements journal: 现金支付日记账•Cash receipts journal: 现金收款日记账•Sales journal: 销售日记账•Purchase journal: 采购日记账•General journal: 总记账簿•Posting: 记账•Trial balance: 试算表4. 税务相关•Tax: 税收•Income tax: 所得税•Sales tax: 销售税•Value-added tax (VAT): 增值税•Tax return: 纳税申报表•Tax deduction: 税务减免•Tax evasion: 逃税•Tax audit: 税务审计•Taxable income: 应纳税所得额5. 财务报告•Financial statement: 财务报表•Balance sheet: 资产负债表•Income statement: 损益表•Cash flow statement: 现金流量表•Statement of retned earnings: 公积金变动表•Financial ratios: 财务比率•Profit margin: 利润率•Return on investment (ROI): 投资回报率•Earnings per share (EPS): 每股收益•Interest coverage ratio: 利息偿付倍数结论以上是一些最常用的会计英文词汇，掌握这些词汇将有助于您更好地理解和运用英语进行会计工作。
会计学硕士(包括专硕)考研难度排名[附前辈经验]
会计学硕士（包括专硕）考研难度排名[附前辈经验]上周就有坛友问“什么时候上会计的呀”，这就来这就来～～～本帖很长，包括难度排名、考试科目，部分推荐参考用书，还有前辈的经验。
大家挑自己想看的部分就好，也可以收藏起来有心情的时候慢慢看。
咱们先看下硕士点的学校里，哪些学校有博士点。
万一不小心要接着读上去呢哈～～～01. 北京大学02. 北京交通大学03. 财政部财政科学所04. 大连理工大学05. 东北财经大学06. 复旦大学07. 哈尔滨工业大学08. 湖南大学09. 华中科技大学10. 吉林大学11. 暨南大学12. 江西财经大学13. 辽宁大学14. 南京大学15. 南开大学16. 清华大学17.上海财经大学18. 上海交通大学19. 四川大学20. 天津财经大学21. 天津大学22. 同济大学23. 武汉大学24. 西安交通大学25. 西南财经大学26. 厦门大学27. 浙江大学28. 中国海洋大学29. 中国人民大学30. 中国社会科学院研究生院31. 中南财经政法大学32. 中南大学33. 中山大学34. 中央财经大学35. 重庆大学36. 北京理工大学北理工37. 北京科技大学38. 首都经贸大学39. 对外经贸大学40. 山西财经大学41. 浙江工商大学42. 哈尔滨商业大学（无排名先后）工商管理-国家一级重点学科：01. 清华大学02. 中国人民大学03. 厦门大学04. 西安交通大学05. 中山大学会计学-国家二级重点学科：01. 中央财经大学02. 上海财经大学03. 中南财经政法大学04. 东北财经大学05. 西南财经大学 1. 清华大学难度：★★★★★ 性价比：★★★★★不指定考试科目的参考书目和参考材料，不划定考试内容范围，也没有往年真题可以借鉴，所以准备起来没什么针对性；录取率2%，这就够吓跑一堆人的了。
But清华的专业课素称难度高和计算量大，估计正是这个原因，报考人数没有人大火爆。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
会计英语十一2377 machine-hour method 机器小时法2378 machine-hour rate 机器小时率2379 macro-accounting 宏观会计2380 macro-benefit 宏观效益2381 macro-cost 宏观成本2382 main account 主要账户2383 main books 主要账簿2384 maintenance and repair 维修和修理费2385 maintenance of operating capacity 营业能力维护2386 maintenance of physical capital 实物资本维护2387 majority interest 多数权益,多数股权2388 majority stockholders 多数股东2389 make-or-buy decision 自制或外购决策2390 make-ready time 生产准备时间2391 make-up depreciation 增补折旧费,补差折旧费2392 make-up pay 增补工资,补差工资2393 malpractice insurance 职业过失保险2394 managed cost 管理成本2395 management ①管理,企业管理②管理人员,企业管理人员2396 management accountant 管理会计2397 Management Accounting 《管理会计》2398 management account 管理会计2399 management advisory services 管理咨询服务2400 management audit 管理审计2401 management buy-out 企业管理人员收购股权2402 management by objectives 目标管理2403 management control 行政管理控制2404 management fraud 管理人员舞弊2405 management game 管理对策2406 management information system 管理信息系统2407 management letter 致企业管理人员信函2408 management override 管理人员越权,管理人员滥用职权2409 management,s discussion and analysis of earnings 企业管理人员对收益的阐述和分析2410 management,s illegal act 企业管理人员违法行为2411 m anager 经理2412 managerial accounting 管理会计2413 managerial finance 管理财务2414 manager,s share 经理人员股份2415 managing director 常务董事2416 managing trustee 管理受托人2417 manipulation of accounts 窜改账目2418 manufactory 制造厂,工厂2419 manufacturing account 生产账户,制造账户2420 manufacturing cost 制造成本2421 manufacturing expense 制造费用2422 manufacturing overhead 制造间接费用2423 manufacturing statement 生产报表,制造成本表2424 margin ①毛利,毛利率②保证金,押金2425 marginal analysis 边际分析2426 marginal cost 边际成本2427 marginal costing 边际成本计算法2428 marginal cost of capital 边际资本成本2429 marginal cost pricing 边际成本计价法2430 marginal income 边际收益2431 marginal income ratio 边际收益率2432 marginal revenue 边际收入2433 marginal revenue equals marginal cost 边际收入等于边际成本2434 margin of safety 安全幅度,安全边际2435 markdown 减价,标低价格2436 market ①市场②商品交易所,证券交易所③行情2437 marketability 变现性,适销性2438 marketability security 适销证券,有价证券2439 marketability security management 有价证券管理2440 market-based price 以市价为基础的价格2441 market economy 市场经济2442 market index of stock prices 股票价格指数2443 marketing expense 销售费用2444 market price ①市场价格,市价②交易所牌价2445 market rate of exchange 市场汇率2446 market rate of interest 市场利率2447 market risk 市场风险2448 market share 市场份额,市场占有率2449 market value 市场价值2450 market value method 市场价值法,市价法2451 markup ①加价②成本加成2452 marshalling of assets 资产清偿序列2453 master budget 主预算,总预算2454 master of business administration 企业管理硕士学位2455 matching principle 配合原则,配比原则2456 material ①原材料,材料②重要的2457 material cost 材料成本2458 material cost variance 材料成本差异2459 material inventory 材料存货2460 materiality principle 重要性原则2461 material management 材料管理2462 material price variance 材料价格差异2463 material quantity variance 材料用量差异2464 material requirement planning 材料需要量计划2465 material requisition 领料单2466 material subsidiary ledger 材料辅助分类账2467 mathematical model 数学模型2468 maturity date 到期日2469 maturity value 到期值2470 maturity yield 到期收益率2471 maximization of profit 利润最大化2472 maximization of wealth 财富的最大化2473 measurement 计量2474 measurement of income 收益计量2475 medium of payment 支付媒介2476 meeting of creditors 债权人会议2477 meeting of stockholders 股东大会2478 member ①会员②股东2479 member,s voluntary winding up 股东自愿清算2480 memorandum account 备忘账户,备查账户2481 memorandum entry 备忘分录2482 memorandum of association 公司章程2483 memory 存储器2484 merchandise account 商品账户2485 merchandise inventory 商品存货2486 merchant bank 商业银行,投资银行2487 merger 吸收,兼并2488 merger accounting 兼并会计2489 merger arbitrage 兼并套利2490 Metcalf Report 《梅特卡夫报告》2491 micro-accounting 微观会计2492 microcomputer 微型电子计算机2493 microprocessor 微处理机2494 minicomputer 小型电子计算机2495 minimization of cost 成本最小化2496 minimum cash balance 最低现金余额2497 minimum charge 最低费用2498 minimum economic size 最小经济规模2499 minimum required rate of return 最低期望收益率2500 minimum stock 最低库存2501 minimum tax 最小税额2502 minimum wage 最低工资2503 minority interest 少数股权2504 minority stockholders 少数股权股东2505 minute book 会议记录簿2506 misappropriation 挪用,侵吞2507 miscalculation 误算2508 miscellaneous expense 杂项费用2509 miscellaneous revenue 杂项收入2510 misleading 导致误解2511 m isrepresentation 虚报,虚列2512 mixed cost 混合成本2513 mixed variance 混合差异2514 M/O 汇票2515 modern accounting 现代会计,现代会计学2516 modern financial management 现代财务管理2517 modern portfolio theory 现代证券组合投资理论2518 monetary asset 货币性资产2519 monetary gain or loss 货币性损益2520 monetary items 货币性项目2521 monetary liability 货币性负债2522 monetary unit 货币单位2523 money ①货币②现金2524 money capital 货币资本2525 money capital maintenance concept 货币资本维护概念2526 money income ①货币收入②货币收益2527 money laundering 洗黑钱,洗钱2528 money market 货币市场,金融市场2529 money measurement postulate 货币计量假设2530 money order 汇票2531 money wage 货币工资2532 Moody,s Investors Service, Inc. 穆迪投资服务公司2533 mortgage 抵押2534 mortgage bond 抵押债券2535 mortgagee 受押人2536 mortgage loan 抵押贷款2537 mortgage market 抵押品市场2538 mortgage payable 应付抵押账款2539 mortgagor 抵押人2540 moving average inventory method 移动平均存货法2541 multi-column journal 多栏日记账2542 multi-currency loan 多种货币贷款2543 multi-industry company 多行业公司2544 multinational accounting firm 跨国会计师事务所2545 multinational corporation (company) 多国公司,跨国公司2546 multinational corporation accounting 多国公司会计,跨国公司会计2547 multinational corporation finance 跨国公司财务2548 multinational financing 跨国筹资,跨国融资2549 multiple capital structure 多重资本结构2550 multiple discriminant analysis 多变量判别分析法2551 multiple overhead rate 多重间接费用分配率2552 multiple-step income statement 多步式损益表2553 municipal bond 市政公债2554 mutual fund 互助基金,互助基金投资公司2555 mutual holding 相互控股2556 mutually exclusive projects 相互排斥的投资项目2557 MV 市场价值。