Argument writing(论说文)
ArgumentWriting范文（2）
In conclusion, I am somewhat persuaded by this author's line of reasoning. The argument would be strengthened if the author were to consider and rule out other significant factors that might have caused the increase in visits to the local art museum.4. In response to a coincidence between calling revenues and delays in manufacturing, the report recommends replacing the manager of the purchasing department. The grounds for this action are twofold. First, the delays are traced to poor planning in purchasing metals. Second, the purchasing manager's lack of knowledge of the properties of metals is thought to be the cause of the poor planning. It is further recommended that the position of the purchasing manager be filled by a scientist from the research division and that the current purchasing manager be reassigned to the sales department. In support of this latter recommendation, the report states that the current purchasing manager's background in general business, psychology, and sociology equip him for this new assignment. The recommendations advanced in the report are questionable for two reasons.To begin with, the report fails to establish a causal connection between the falling revenues of the company and the delays in manufacturing. The mere fact that falling revenues coincide with delays in manufacturing is insufficient to conclude that the delays caused the decline in revenue. Without compelling evidence to support the causal connection between these two events, the report's recommendations are not worthy of consideration.Second, a central assumption of the report is that knowledge of the properties of metals is necessary for planning in purchasing metals. No evidence is stated in the report to support this crucial assumption. Moreover, it is not obvious that such knowledge would be required to perform this task. Since planning is essentially a logistical function, it is doubtful that in-depth knowledge of the properties of metals would be helpful in accomplishing this task.In conclusion, this is a weak argument. To strengthen the recommendation that the manager of the purchasing department be replaced, the author would have to demonstrate that the falling revenues were a result of the delays in manufacturing. Additionally, the author would have to show that knowledge of the properties of metals is a prerequisite for planning in purchasing metals.5. A newspaper publisher is recommending that the price of its paper, The Mercury, be reduced below the price of a competing newspaper, The Bugle. This recommendation responds to a severe decline in circulation of The Mercury during the 5-year period following the introduction of The Bugle. The publisher's line of reasoning is that lowering the price of The Mercury will increase its readership, thereby increasing profits because a wider readership attracts more advertisers. This line of reasoning is problematic in two critical respects.While it is clear that increased circulation would make the paper more attractive to potential advertisers, it is not obvious that lowering the subscription price is the most effective way to gain new readers. The publisher assumes that price is the only factor that caused the decline in readership. But no evidence is given to support this claim. Moreover, given that The Mercury was the established local paper, it is unlikely that such a mass exodus of its readers would be explained by subscription price alone.There are many other factors that might account for a decline in The Mercury's popularity. For instance, readers might be displeased with the extent and accuracy of its news reporting, or the balance of local to other news coverage. Moreover, it is possible The Mercury has recently changed editors, giving the paper a locally unpopular political perspective. Or perhaps readers are unhappy with the paper's format, the timeliness of its feature articles, its comics or advice columns, the extent and accuracy of its local event calendar, or its rate of errors.In conclusion, this argument is weak because it depends on an oversimplified assumption about the causal connection between the price of the paper and its popularity. To strengthen the argument, the author must identify and explore relevant factors beyond cost before concluding that lowering subscription prices will increase circulation and, thereby, increase advertising revenues.6. In this argument corporations are urged to consider the city of Helios when seeking a new location or new business opportunities. To support this recommendation, the author points out that Helios is the industrial center of the region, providing most of the region's manufacturing jobs and enjoying a lower-than-average unemployment rate. Moreover, it is argued, efforts are currently underway to expand the economic base o' the city by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies. This argument is problematic for two reasons.To begin with, it is questionable whether the available labor pool in Helios couldsupport all types of corporations. Given that Helios has attracted mainly industrial and manufacturing companies in the past, it is unlikely that the local pool of prospective employees would be suitable for corporations of other types. For example, the needs of research and development companies would not be met by a labor force trained in manufacturing skills. For this reason, it's unlikely that Helios will be successful in its attempt to attract companies that focus or research and development of innovative technologies.Another problem with the available work force is its size. Due to the lower than average unemployment rate in Helios, corporations that require large numbers of workers would not find Helios attractive. The fact that few persons are out of work suggests that new corporations will have to either attract new workers to Helios or Day the existing workers higher wages in order to lure them away from their current jobs. Neither of these alternatives seems enticing to companies seeking to relocate.In conclusion, the author has not succeeded in providing compelling reasons for selecting Helios as the site for a company wishing to relocate. In fact, the reasons offered function better as reasons for not relocating to Helios. Nor has the author provided compelling reasons for companies seeking new business opportunities to choose Helios。
论证方法英语作文六百字
论证方法英语作文六百字英文回答：Argumentation is a crucial aspect of academic writing that involves presenting evidence and constructing logical arguments to support a specific claim. There are various methods of argumentation, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Here are some common argumentation methods:Deductive Arguments:Deductive arguments follow a logical structure wherethe conclusion is necessarily true if the premises are true. The premises provide evidence that supports the conclusion, and the conclusion is a logical consequence of the premises.Inductive Arguments:Inductive arguments provide evidence that supports a general claim or conclusion. The premises are specificobservations or examples, and the conclusion is a generalization drawn from these premises. Inductive arguments are based on the assumption that what is true in the observed cases is also true in other similar cases.Analogical Arguments:Analogical arguments compare two situations or cases to draw a conclusion about one of them. The two situations are similar in relevant ways, and the conclusion is based on the assumption that what is true of one situation is also true of the other.Causal Arguments:Causal arguments establish a relationship between a cause and its effect. The evidence provided demonstrates that one event (the cause) led to another event (the effect). Causal arguments are based on the assumption that causation occurs in a regular and consistent manner.Ethical Arguments:Ethical arguments appeal to moral principles or valuesto support a position. The evidence provided consists of ethical considerations, such as fairness, justice, or human rights. Ethical arguments are based on the assumption that moral values are universally applicable.The choice of argumentation method depends on thenature of the claim, the available evidence, and the intended audience. Effective argumentation requires careful consideration of the logical structure, clarity of evidence, and persuasive presentation.中文回答：论证方法。
英语议论文写作Argumentativewriting
英语议论文写作ArgumentativewritingArgumentative writing (议论文)Title: Children under 15 should be banned from museums1.Introduction:Choice one: I believe that children under 15 should not be banned from museums.Choice two: Nowadays whether children under 15 should be banned from museums has triggered a heated discussion / debate among students. From where I stand, children under 15 should not be deprived of the right to visit museums.2.Reason one: some students really enjoy looking at great art.●Example one: I remember my own first wonderful visit to a museum.●Example two: My friend said she went to a super museum in Paris.Reason two: young students should be allowed to study art in museums.●Example one: Some students need to study art in museums.●Example two: Teachers can explain art to their classes.Reason three: visiting museums will enrich students’ knowledge and widen their horizons.3. Conclusion: In conclusion, children under 15 should not be banned from museums………………….I believe that children under 15 should not be banned from museums. Museums are great and valuable for children. It would be terrible to deny them the opportunity to go there.First, some children really enjoy looking at great art. I remember my own first wonderful visit to a museum. I was only 8, but I clearly remember looking at all the paintings inadmiration. Though I am older, I have never lost my love of fine art.Second, young students should be allowed to study art in museums. For example, some students need to study art for their exams. How can they do this if they are not allowed in a museum?I know from personal experience that looking at art close up is very different from seeing only a photograph.In conclusion, children under 15 should not be banned from museums. Instead, we should make full use of museums to teach children to love and respect art at an early age.Nowadays whether children under 15 should be banned from museums has triggered a heated debate among students. From where I stand, children under 15 should not be deprived of the right to visit museums.First and foremost, some students really enjoy looking at great art. Take my friend for example. She went to a super museum when she was a little child. It impressed her so much that now she has a job as an art teacher. Think how different her life might have been if she had never been to an art museum as a child.In addition, teachers can better explain art to their classes at a museum rather than in a classroom. It’s difficult for teachers to explain the different parts of a painting to students just from a small photo.Last but not least, visiting museums will enrich students’knowledge and widen their horizons. An exhibition of paintings and archaeological finds may act as a grand occasion for students. Making full use of the chance, children can fully appreciate works of art, and acquire a better knowledge of cultures in different times.In brief, I strongly recommend that children under 15 should not be banned from museums.。
英语考试作文-【名师指点】GRE写作Argument驳论文高分写法顺序4步骤拆分讲解
英语考试作文【名师指点】GRE写作Argument驳论文高分写法顺序4步骤拆分讲解在GRE写作中，想要写出高分作文，就需要遵循一定的写作步骤，如此才能有条理的写出优秀的文章。
下面就为大家详细分析GRE考试写作步骤。
步骤1：读题审题写开头段首先，要浏览题目、审题(分析题目的结论、论据和假设)并写出开头段。
审题和开头段同时进行，一边看题一边写，这不是回避逻辑错误，而是将审题、找错和写作有机地结合。
第一段的任务无非就是指出论题的结论、假设、论据，并指出题目有错误。
在写作第一段的时候，逻辑错误会不断的涌现出来，而当考生把有问题的假设以及原论证的逻辑结构清理以后，该论证所存在的所有问题也就都暴露出来了。
步骤2：列逻辑问题写提纲在写完开头段并审好题后，要趁着头脑清醒，把主要的逻辑问题都打出来。
原文可能出现六七个逻辑错误，而考生只需要从中挑出3-4个最主要的进行有利的攻击就可以了。
因为这篇文章能不能拿高分，直接取决于与你能否抓住主要逻辑错误。
也就是说，如果忽视了非常致命的逻辑错误，那么即使把其它的错误批驳得再好，所用的语言再美，字数再多，最后照样不及格。
有人担心是不是要把所有的错误都清理出来，实际上只要把主要的错误都清理出来，进行有利的攻击，同样可以拿到六分，正如ETS的六分例文一样。
这样做的另一个好处是可以节约时间，因为考生在正文写作时往往会把顺手的段落大写特写，力争在某点上把敌人驳的体无完肤，但是等到意识到有其它的重要逻辑错误未被谈及的时候，时间却已经到了。
而首先列出提纲则可以提醒考生点到为止，切实做到合理分配时间。
与其把一个问题分析的特别透彻，不如把所有的主要问题都涉及到，即使不很透彻，也比前者要好。
简而言之，Argument这部分展开批驳的时候，与其“断其一指”，不如“伤其四指”。
步骤3：展开正文在完成了提纲之后，就要逐一展开正文段落了。
正文段落的展开有两种的顺序，第一种就是先攻击主要的问题，在第一个段落批驳最重要的逻辑错误，也花最多的笔墨，以后字数和重要性逐级递减。
argumentation英语写作议论文
1. Avoid mere statement of facts
Chinese doctors use acupuncture anesthesia to perform certain operations. Acupuncture anesthesia should replace conventional anesthesia in all operations. Certain electronic equipment have been used in road control. Electronic equipment should be applied in all road control.
Should University Students Go in for Business?
There are two opposite views on university students’ trying their hands at business. One is that doing business helps to adapt better to the society after graduation, while the other says it might occupy too much of the students’ time and energy which in turn has a negative impact on their academic study. In my opinion, as long as we can successfully strike a balance between doing business and studying, the advantages of the former are more obvious.
基础英语写作writingtasks（argumentation）范文
基础英语写作writingtasks（argumentation）范文第一篇：基础英语写作writing tasks (argumentation)范文Homework2.Choose one from the following pairs of thesis statements.Choose only one position(a or b)to write about.Do not discuss both sides of the topic.Remember to use order of importance to organize your reasons.1a.Physical education courses should be required in college.b.Physical education courses should not be required in college.2a.Young people should continue to live with their parents after they finish their education.b.Young people should move away from home after they finish their education.3a.Women can successfully mix motherhood and careers.b.Women should not work if they have young children.The writing procedure:Brainstorm for reasons to support your thesis statement.Write down as many reasons as you can think of.Then from your brainstorming list to support each thesis statement.Write each of these reasons as a topic sentence.Write down topic sentence 1.Brainstorm for specific details that will support it.You may do so by changing the topic sentence into a question.The answers to these questions will help you to develop your paragraph to support the topic sentence.Follow this step for all the body paragraphs.Remember to use sufficient specific details such as facts and examples to support each topic sentence.注：选择一种观点，完成一篇议论文即可。
什么是Argumentessay怎么写
什么是Argumentessay怎么写argument essay是学术论文的一种。
今天我们就来谈谈argument essay写作的机构：介绍、主体、结论。
其中你需要介绍argument essay 的outline，也就是关键的理念。
当然，argument essay的写作难点在于不能随意表达，并且结构也是有固定格式的。
事实上，argumentative essay写作可以归结为说服他人。
当你说服别人你对你正在学习的东西有一个合乎逻辑的观点时，你可能需要一种叫做说服的技能。
在日常的大学生活中，写作作业常常要求你以书面形式提出一个有说服力的案例。
你被要求说服你的读者你的观点。
这种形式的说服通常被称为学术论证，在对你的主题进行简短的介绍之后，你会在第一段结尾的一句话中直接陈述你的观点。
这句话是所谓的“论题陈述”，它是你在文章的剩余部分中所证明的论点的结论。
Argument essay怎么写2.：Argument essay的结构是什么？Argument essay主要分为四个部分：1.开头段Introduction (Including background), 2.主体段(Body), 3.Conclusion(总结段) 4.文献引用(Reference List). 然后根据字数，又可以分为ShortEssay(小于1200字)和Long Essay(大于1200字)（1）Argument essay：Short Essay(小于1200字)第一部分：Introduction1.Topics statement:讲明文章主旨(State the topic addressed in the essay)2.Background: 提供一些与主题相关的历史或提供统计数据以显示主题的重要性或提供主题重要性的示例3.Summary of Essay argument (a thesis statement)第二部分：Body1.写三个主体段2.每个主体段都有一个Topic Sentence(最好来自文献)3.每个主体段之后都有N句支持句(other sentences to develop and e某plain the idea，最好来自文献)4.最好主体段之间有过渡句(Linking sentence)第三部分：Conclusion1.Summary of essay argument2.Restatement of significance of the topic(Optional)3.不要有新的文献材料(No new material)（2）Argument essay：Long Essay(长于1200字)的结构是什么？第一部分：Introduction1.Topic statement + Background写一段2.Summary of Essay argument写一段第二部分：Body1.先分为四个Sections2.每个Section下面有N段Paragraph3.每个Section下面的第一段都是简短介绍下本结Section的内容4.每个Section下面的结尾段都是总结下本结Section的内容5.务必注意E某ternal logic和Internal Logic第三部分：Conclusion同（1）Short Essay的写法Argument essay要注意什么？1.可否写自己的观点？我觉得其实是可以creative一点的，具体做法就是先自己想好自己主要的Topic Sentence有什么，用中文或英文把自己的想法都写下来，然后再去从Literature上面找自己需要的素材来丰富自己的Argument，这种写法避免先做Research，然后才开始写的低效。
Argument writing(论说文)
Argument writing(论说文)正确的准备argument的方法是：先模仿书中的模板，然后进行改写，这样才能有所创新，避免雷同。
写作步骤1. 读题，分析其含义。
（2 mins）不能动笔的时候1）对原题加以限制2）对长论题一分为二或为三，分成几个分支观点分别论述。
2. brainstorm, 考虑正面的和反面的观点和论据（1min）3. 在以上的基础上，决定一个立场，组织你的观点，也就是对你想到的那些论证和论据做一个符合逻辑的排列，最起码要能够说服自己4. 写开头段（4分钟）1)导入主题2）指出原题的复杂性。
3）主流的观点。
注意：开头段不要照抄原题，注意开头段展开论述或加入论据的篇幅。
5. 写正文主体段落（18分钟）1）首先要大致理一下逻辑段落，特别是段落里的逻辑关系。
2）然后写好每段的开头句，要让开头句直接体现本段的中心意思。
段与段之间注意逻辑连接词的使用。
3）然后，在每段开头句的基础上进行详细论述。
结合丰富的论据，丰富的论证手法。
6. 写结尾段（4mins）结尾段必须要有，否则大大影响成绩。
结尾段实际就是把自己的观点重申一下。
7.检查主要的拼写和语法错误。
（2mins）Writing structure所谓文章结构并不是死模板，而是如何破题、如何写作的一种思维方式。
仔细研读范文以及评语，好好琢磨句法、用词、论证方法等。
高分作文=一些共性+个人创新A、如何写好开头？开头段必须有明确的论点引述。
1. 复述原题不是照抄，要完美改写，一般有主动被动改写、名词替换、词组代替动词等方式，实在没有的变化就变and前后两个词的顺序。
E.g. It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time.Being an effective leader should modestly withhold some information for public.2. 响应题目时，观点一定要鲜明，要么同意，要么不同意，要么同意两个。
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Argument writing(论说文)
正确的准备argument的方法是：先模仿书中的模板，然后进行改写，这样才能有所创新，避免雷同。
写作步骤
1. 读题，分析其含义。
（2 mins）不能动笔的时候
1）对原题加以限制
2）对长论题一分为二或为三，分成几个分支观点分别论述。
2. brainstorm, 考虑正面的和反面的观点和论据（1min）
3. 在以上的基础上，决定一个立场，组织你的观点，也就是对你想到的那些论证和论据做一个符合逻辑的排列，最起码要能够说服自己
4. 写开头段（4分钟）
1)导入主题
2）指出原题的复杂性。
3）主流的观点。
注意：开头段不要照抄原题，注意开头段展开论述或加入论据的篇幅。
5. 写正文主体段落（18分钟）
1）首先要大致理一下逻辑段落，特别是段落里的逻辑关系。
2）然后写好每段的开头句，要让开头句直接体现本段的中心意思。
段与段之间注意逻辑连接词的使用。
3）然后，在每段开头句的基础上进行详细论述。
结合丰富的论据，丰富的论证手法。
6. 写结尾段（4mins）
结尾段必须要有，否则大大影响成绩。
结尾段实际就是把自己的观点重申一下。
7.检查主要的拼写和语法错误。
（2mins）
Writing structure
所谓文章结构并不是死模板，而是如何破题、如何写作的一种思维方式。
仔细研读范文以及评语，好好琢磨句法、用词、论证方法等。
高分作文=一些共性+个人创新
A、如何写好开头？
开头段必须有明确的论点引述。
1. 复述原题不是照抄，要完美改写，一般有主动被动改写、名词替换、词组代替动词等方式，实在没有的变化就变and前后两个词的顺序。
E.g. It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time.
Being an effective leader should modestly withhold some information for public.
2. 响应题目时，观点一定要鲜明，要么同意，要么不同意，要么同意两个。
开头一定要简洁，不要太啰嗦，一味从这个地方增加数字不是很明智，因为这相对减少了你写文章主体部分的时间。
事实上，应该更多强调主体部分的重要性。
具体常见的几种开头写法如下：
A. 背景开头+立场
With the advent of information era, human beings are gradually submerged into the information ocean that a large amount of information is unceasingly puring into our minds at an unprecedented speed.
A Technology has been one of the tools that humans have used for the evolution of society. The use of the particular new technology may have unanticipated, possibly negative, results owing to insufficient kowledge and consideration of existing circumstances.
2. 引用
As one of the famous philosophers writes: “The dream leads our sights towards the future, and the practice makes our sense recognize how far away we still have to strive for.”
3. 提问+立场
把论题换成问句，然后给出自己的立场，可以肯定也可否定，例如：
Is the surest indicator of a great nation not the achievements of its elites, say the political leaders, artists, or scientists, etc, but the general welfare of its people, as the speaker asserts? As far as I am concerned, the two facets are not mutually exclusive; what the achievements of the elite means is just the welfare of the people.
4. 比较双方观点
The issue of whether…should be done is a complex one, since it involves a conflict between…
论说文的常用开头法有谚语法、定义法、引用法、提问法、直接法、间接法、故事法、概括法及综合法
在阅读范文前可根据所给作文题目及要求按自己的思路试写一下，然后与范文对照找出差距，并有意识地背诵一些涉及科技、社会、文化等各个侧面的代表性文章，储存多种信息，以防写作时无话可说。
平时在阅读英语文章、报纸以及做模拟题时，
要注意积累常用词汇、表达法及句型，分析文章的构思、组织方法，以便在写作考试时能做到有条不紊，顺理成章。
2009年12月份的六级作文题目：
Should parents send their kids to art classes?（开头）
It has become a prevailing trend for parents to send their children to art classes of all kinds. To this phenomenon, some people hold the positive view. They claim that attending art classes can help nurture children’s interest and tap their potentials in such art as painting, music and dancing. This,they believe, will contribute to childr en’s all-around development. 63 words
类似题目：Should parents send their kids to overseas schools?
课上和大家讨论，有人说因为首先看到中文后就容易被它的思路和框架限制住。
虽然很不情愿，但是还是无法摆脱。
这也许就是六级作文的无奈之处吧。
但是每种考试都会有一个模式，GRE作文也不例外，所以，我们只能在有限的空间里做无限的发挥。
建议大家，先看英文题目，再看中文要点，多创新，多亮点。