2017届上海市普陀区高三生物二模卷(含答案)
2017年上海市普通高中学业水平考试生命科学试题及答案
2017年上海市普通高中学业水平考试生命科学试卷考生注意：1、试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2、本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，包括填空题和简答题等题型。
3、答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题（共80分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1.某同学从花鸟市场买了一盆幸福树，养了一段时间后发现老叶的叶脉缺绿。
他上网查阅资料得知这是因为叶绿素合成受影响导致的，如果要解决这个问题，给幸福树施加的营养液中应富含A. Na+B. Mg2+C. Ca2+D. Cl-2.原核细胞和真核细胞都有的细胞结构是A. 核膜B. 核糖体C. 线粒体D. 内质网3.下列化合物中，与葡萄糖的元素组成完全相同的是A. 纤维素B. 蛋白质C. 核酸D. 磷脂4.安装于目镜（16X）中的测微尺在低倍物镜（10X）和高倍物镜（40X）视野中每小格代表的长度分别为6.71 μm和1.68 μm。
在高倍物镜下测量到某细胞长度为10小格，则该细胞实际长度为A. 67.1 μmB. 16.8 μmC. 0.671 μmD. 0.168 μm5.图1是烟草花叶病毒的示意图，该病毒的遗传物质是A. DNAB. RNAC. 蛋白质D. 氨基酸6.科学家在西伯利亚冻土层发现保存完好的猛犸象肌肉组织，为―复活‖猛犸象，科学家构想将其肌肉细胞的细胞核注入亚洲象的无核卵细胞中，在体外培养成胚胎后植入代孕母象，这一构想所使用的技术属于A. 诱变育种技术B. 克隆技术C. 单倍体育种技术D. 杂交育种技术7.图2为氨基酸的结构通式。
组成人体蛋白质的氨基酸有20种，这些氨基酸的差异主要体现在A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④8.图3为细胞膜的结构模式图，图中序号与其所示化合物正确对对应的是A. ①脂肪酸B. ②蛋白质C. ③糖链D. ④磷脂9.用―×‖表示―不需要‖，―√‖表示―需要‖。
上海市普陀区最新高三下学期二模试题生物 解析版
一、单选题1。
组成DＮA分子的基本单位是A. 脱氧核苷酸ﻩB. 核糖核苷酸ﻩC。
含氮碱基ﻩD。
脱氧核糖答案A解析分析DNＡ基本组成单位是脱氧核苷酸，脱氧核苷酸由一分子磷酸、一分子脱氧核糖，一分子含氮碱基组成，四种碱基分别是A、Ｔ、C、G。
RNＡ的基本组成单位是核糖核苷酸,核糖核苷酸由一分子磷酸、一分子核糖,一分子含氮碱基组成，四种碱基分别是A、Ｕ、C、G.详解ＤNＡ基本组成单位是脱氧核苷酸，Ａ正确；ＲＮA的基本组成单位是核糖核苷酸，B错误；含氮碱基不是基本单位,是组成成分,Ｃ错误; 脱氧核糖是DNＡ组成成分,D错误。
故选Ａ。
点睛本题考查核苷酸结构，要求学生能识记DNA和RNA的基本组成单位，理解两者的区别。
2。
下列关于原核细胞的叙述，正确的是A．有膜包被的细胞器ﻩB。
不能进行光合作用Ｃ．没有成形的细胞核D。
细胞壁的主要成分是纤维素答案Ｃ解析分析原核细胞和真核细胞的区别：原核细胞细菌、蓝藻、放线菌无成形的细胞核只有核糖体一种细胞器1．都有细胞膜、细胞质和核物质；２. 都有核糖体真核细胞草履虫、酵母菌、动植物有成形的细胞核有核膜有多种细胞器详解原核细胞只有核糖体一种细胞器,即没有任何具膜的细胞器,A错误；原核细胞无叶绿体,但某些原核生物也能进行光合作用,如蓝藻，B错误；原核细胞都没有成形的细胞核,C正确；原核细胞一般有细胞壁，但细胞壁的组成成分不是纤维素，如细菌细胞壁的主要成分是肽聚糖，D错误。
点睛熟悉真核细胞和原核细胞的结构组成区别是解答本题的关键。
３.如图是细胞膜的亚显微结构模式图，①～③表示构成细胞膜的物质.下列有关叙述中错误的是A. ①表示多糖ﻩB．②表示蛋白质C. ③表示磷脂分子ﻩD。
细胞膜能控制物质进出细胞答案Ａ解析分析生物膜的流动镶嵌模型图解：①糖蛋白糖被:细胞膜的外表。
细胞识别、保护、润滑、免疫等.②蛋白质分子:有的镶在磷脂双分子层表面;有的嵌入磷脂双分子层；有的贯穿于磷脂双分子层。
2010-2023历年上海市普陀区高三第二次模拟考试生物试卷
2010-2023历年上海市普陀区高三第二次模拟考试生物试卷第1卷一.参考题库(共20题)1.下图为某家族遗传病系谱图(用A、ａ表示控制基因)，下列说法正确的是（）A．由1×2→4和5，可推知此病为显性遗传病B．5号和6号再生一个患病女儿的概率为1/8C．2号、5号的基因型分别为AA、AaD．2号和5号是直系血亲，7号和8号属于三代以内的旁系血亲2.下列有关科学家与其科学成就的连线，不吻合的是（）A．孟德尔（G. Mendel）——发现了遗传三大定律B．艾弗里(O.Avery)——首次证明了DNA是遗传物质C．达尔文(C. Darwin)——《物种起源》D．沃森（J.Watson）和克里克(F.Crick)——建立了DNA分子双螺旋结构模型3.假定某大肠杆菌含15N的DNA分子的相对分子质量为a，含14N的DNA相对分子质量为b。
现将一条链含14N 另一条链15N的DNA分子的大肠杆菌培养在含14N的培养基中，那么子二代的DNA相对分子质量平均为（）A．(3a+b)/4B．(7a+b)/8C．(a+7b)/8D．(a+3b)/44.一对夫妇生了“龙风双胞胎”，其中男孩色盲，女孩正常，而该夫妇的双方父母中，只有一个带有色盲基因。
则此夫妇的基因型为（）A．X b Y，X B X BB．X B Y，X B X bC．X B Y，X b X bD．X b Y，X B X b5.构成纤维素、DNA、过氧化氢酶的化学成分中，共有的化学元素是（）A．C、H、O、N B．C、H、OC．C、H、O、N、P D．C、H、O、N、P、S6.下列物质由肝细胞内核糖体合成的是（）A．转氨酶B．糖原C．胆汁D．尿素7.（14分）人体生命活动调节包括神经调节和激素调节两种方式。
下图为人体生命活动调节示意图，请分析回答下列问题。
（1）若图中刺激为寒冷时，则在激素调节中与甲状腺激素起协同作用的激素是，两者通过促进代谢的方式调节体温；同时神经中枢还可以直接发出神经冲动作用于骨骼肌和汗腺等靶器官，通过物理方式调节体温。
【上海市】2017年高考生物试卷(附答案与解析)
上海市2017 年高考生物试卷一、选择题（每题只有一个最适答案，共 60 分）1．人体内的细胞外液构成了细胞生活的液体环境，在这个环境中可发生许多生化反应，其中有（）①蛋白质消化分解成氨基酸②神经递质和激素的合成③丙酮酸氧化分解成二氧化碳和水④乳酸与碳酸氢钠作用生成乳酸钠和碳酸 A．①④B．①③C．②④D．④2．某人的下丘脑受到损伤，不会直接导致（）A．细胞外液渗透压发生变化B．体温发生变化 C．胃肠蠕动发生变化D．甲状腺激素的分泌量发生变化3．如图表示人体内氧元素随化合物代谢转移过程，下列分析合理的是（A．①过程发生在核糖体中，水中的H只来自于一 NH2B．在缺氧的情况下，③过程中不会发生脱氢反应C． M物质是丙酮酸，④过程不会发生在线粒体中D．在氧气充足的情况下，②③过程发生于线粒体中4．生长素浓度与茎的生长关系如图所示．现测得茎的近地侧生长素2f ，则茎的远地侧生长素浓度的浓度为）范围应为（A．0﹣f B．f ﹣2f C．2f ﹣h D．g﹣h5．关于血压的叙述，正确的是（）①收缩压和舒张压分别发生在心房的收缩期与心室的舒张期②血压的调节包含神经和激素两种调节方式③副交感神经兴奋会升高血压④血管的管腔大小和血浆渗透压都影响血压A．①③B．②④C．①②③D．②③④6．1 个葡萄糖分子有氧呼吸释放能量为 m ，其中 40%用于 ADP 转化为 ATP ，若 1 个高能磷酸键所含能量为 n ，则 1 个葡萄糖分子在有氧呼吸中产生 ATP 分子数为（7．细胞内的某些代谢过程可以产生水．请判断下列生理过程中能产生水的是（①合成抗体② 淀粉消化成麦芽糖 ③ 人体骨骼肌进行无氧呼吸 ④ DNA 转录为 mRNA ⑤ 叶肉细胞的光合作用A ．①②③B ．②③⑤C ．①④⑤D ．①③④⑤ 8．生命科学研究常利用同位素标记特定的化合物，追踪或显示物质运行和变化过程．下列各项所选择使用9．某原核生物因一个碱基对突变而导致所编码蛋白质的一个脯氨酸（密码子有 CCU 、CCC 、CCA 、 CCG ）转变为组氨酸（密码子有 CAU 、 CAC ）．基因中发生改变的是（ ）A ．G ≡C 变为 T=AB ．A=T 变为C ≡G C ．鸟嘌呤变为胸腺嘧啶D ．胞嘧啶变为腺嘌呤 10．人体内下列各项生理变化与右图变化趋势相符的是（ ）XYA外界温度身体耗氧量 B血糖浓度肾上腺素分泌量C甲状腺激素含量促甲状腺激素含量D细胞外液渗透压抗利尿激素分泌量 A ． A B ． B C ．C D ．D11．四倍体水稻的花粉经离体培养得到的单倍体植株中，所含的染色体组数（ ） A ．1 组B ．2组C ．4 组D ．8 组12．将光照下的水绵用革兰氏碘液显色，被染成蓝色的具体部位是（ ）同位素应用A35S标记噬菌体，证明 DNA 是遗传物质B15N标记 DNA 分子，证明 DNA 分子半保留复制方式C14C标记 CO 2，得知碳原子在光合作用中的转移途径 D18O标记水，证明光合作用所释放的氧气全部来自于水 的同位素及相关结论不正确的是（ ）C ．CA ．AB ．BD ．DB ．C ．D ．AA ．叶绿体基质B ．细胞质基质和细胞核 C ．类囊体的腔 D ．叶绿体内外膜间的腔 13．下列可用于染色体结构和数目观察的材料是( ①洋葱鳞茎表皮细胞 ②小麦的根尖 ③杂交瘤细胞 ④鼠的神经细胞 A ．② B ．①② C ．②③ D ．②③④ 14．某种植物的株高由多对基因控制，显性基因越多就越高． 现将最高和最矮的 2 个极端类型作为亲本杂 交， F 2表现型的预期分布与下列曲线最接近是( A ．B ． 15．某条多肽的相对分子质量为 2778，若氨基酸的平均相对分子质量为 110，如考虑终止密码子，则编码该多肽的基因长度至少是( A ．75 对碱基 B ．78 对碱基 C ． 90 对碱基 D ．93 对碱基 16．受抗原刺激后的淋巴细胞( A ． 细胞周期变长，核糖体活动增强B ． 细胞周期变长，核糖体活动减弱C ． 细胞周期变短，核糖体活动减弱D ． 细胞周期变短，核糖体活动增强 17．如图为三个处于分裂期细胞的示意图．下列叙述正确的是( A ． 甲可能是丙的子细胞 B ． 乙、丙细胞不可能来自同一个体 C ． 甲、乙、丙三个细胞均含有两个染色体组D ． 甲、乙、丙三个细胞均含有同源染色体 18．在牛蛙的脊髓反射实验中， 若要证明感受器是完成曲腿反射必不可少的环节， 列操作不合适的是(A ．环割后肢脚趾尖皮肤B ．剪去牛蛙的脑C ．用0.5%HCl 溶液刺激趾尖 D ．用探针破坏牛蛙的脊髓 19．一个处于安静状态的人， 在不同气温中，皮肤血管血液的相对流量如图．下列分析不正确的是A．皮肤血流量的变化受下丘脑的调节B．在 AB段机体甲状腺激素分泌增加C．在 CD段皮肤血管收缩汗腺分泌加强D．在 D段以后需及时补充水和无机盐20．如图表示光照强度和CO2 浓度对某植物光合作用强度的影响．下列有关叙述中错误的是（B．曲线中 d 点转向 b 点时，叶绿体中 C5 浓度升高C． ab 段影响光合作用速率的主要因素是光照强度D． bc 段影响光合作用速率的限制性因素可能是温度等其它条件21．图左方为神经纤维受刺激后所测得的膜电位变化图，则如图四种测量方式图中，能测出这种膜电位变化的是（）A．B．C．D．）可作为描述细胞呼吸过程中氧气供应状态的一种指标．如图是酵母菌22 ．呼吸熵（ RQ=氧化分解葡萄糖过程中氧分压与呼吸熵的关系，以下叙述正确的是（）A．呼吸熵越大，细胞有氧呼吸越强，无氧呼吸越弱B．b 点有氧呼吸强度大于 a 点 C．为延长水果的保存时间，最好将氧分压调至 c 点D． c 点以后细胞呼吸强度不随氧分压变化而变化23．人类皮肤中黑色素的多少由三对独立遗传的基因（使黑色素量增加，三对基因对黑色的作用程度是一样的，个基因型为 AaBBDd的婚配，则子代表现型种类数（ A．3 种B．5种C．7种D．9 种24．图示细胞内遗传信息传递过程．在记忆 B 细胞和浆细胞内，所能进行的生理过程是（）A．两者都只有①B．前者只有①，后者有①、②和③C．两者都只有②和③D．前者有①、②和③，后者只有②、③25．某种高等生物的基因型如图甲．若这种基因型的生物在减数分裂过程中产生图乙的成熟生殖细胞的几率为 5%，该细胞基因 Ab （ aB ）之间的交换值与图丙细胞出现的几率依次是（）27．如图是某家庭 11 号个体对自己双亲的家系 ABO血型进行调查得出的结果，预测1号和 13 号个体的血型可能是（）A、a和B、b和 D、 d）所控制；基因 A、B和D可以而且每对基因以微效、累积的方式影响黑色性状．两）26．小麦中高秆对矮秆为显性，抗病对不抗病为显性．D． 20%； 20%现有高秆抗病小麦进行自交，后代中出现高秆抗病、A．60% B．40% C．32% D． 30%B ．B 型 B 型C ．AB 型 O 型D ． O 型 A 型28．图中①～④表示的是生物体内 4 种有机分子的结构．其中①和④仅存在于植物细胞中．有关说法正确 的是（ ）A ．人体在短跑时，提供能量的过程是④⑤B ．A 物质转变成氨基酸时，⑦为转氨基作用C ．水在光下分解产生的经①参与③过程时， A 代表 C 3D ．完成④和⑤过程时， A 代表丙酮酸30．如图是某微生物体内某一物质的代谢示意图，下列有关酶活性调节的叙述，错误的是（A ．丁物质既是酶③催化生成的产物，也是酶③反馈抑制物B ．戊物质可能通过与酶④结合导致酶④结构改变而使其失去活性C ．当丁物质和戊物质任意一种过量时，酶①的活性都会受到抑制D ．若此代谢的终产物不断排出体外，则可消除丙物质对酶①的抑制作用C ．细胞中没有①就不能产生③29．如图中序号表示生理过D ．没有③时，细胞仍能合成①A 表示物质．下列叙述中不正确的是（ ）A ．A 型 A 型二、简答题（共 90 分）31．回答下列有关“生命的物质变化和能量转换”的问题如图 1 表示人体细胞甲中发生的一系列代谢变化，以及与毛细血管的相应关系．图中字母代表物质，序号表示有关过程。
普陀区生物二模考含答案
G 2021学年第二学期普陀区高中质量调研生命科学试题考生注意：1、考试时间60分钟，试卷总分值100分。
2、本考试设试卷与答题纸两局部，所有答题必须涂〔选择题〕或写〔非选择题〕在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不得分。
一、选择题〔每题仅有一个正确答案，共40分〕1.DNA 的根本组成单位是〔 〕2.以下关于原核细胞的表达，正确的选项是〔 〕A.有膜包被的细胞器B.不能进展光合作用C.没有成形的细胞核D.细胞壁的主要成分是纤维素3.以下图是细胞膜的亚显微构造模式图，①～③表示构成细胞膜的物质。
以下有关表达中错误的选项是〔 〕A.①表示多糖B.②表示蛋白质C.③表示磷脂分子D.细胞膜能控制物质进出细胞4.ATP 被比喻为生物体的能量货币,这种比喻的依据是( )A. ATP 是细胞中的储能多糖B. ATP 与ADP 的相互转化,可以实现能量的储存与释放C.ATP 是细胞中唯一的能源物质D.ATP 与ADP 的相互转化,不需要酶催化 5.右图为某动物细胞构造示意图。
以下表达错误的选项是( )A.①表示内质网,粗面内质网与蛋白质的加工运输有关B.②表示细胞膜,具有选择透过性C.④表示中心体,参与形成纺锤体D.⑤表示核膜,不具有选择透过性6.为研究植物细胞质壁别离现象，某同学将某植物的叶表皮放入一定G浓度的甲物质溶液中，一段时间后观察到叶表皮细胞发生了质壁别离现象。
以下说法正确的选项是〔〕A.该植物的叶表皮细胞是具有液泡的活细胞B.细胞内甲物质的浓度高于细胞外甲物质的浓度C.细胞液中的H2O经主动运输进入甲物质溶液中D.甲物质与H2O不能自由通过该叶表皮细胞的细胞壁7.酶是生物催化剂，其作用受pH等因素的影响。
以下表达错误的选项是( )A.酶分子有一定的形状，其形状与底物的结合无关B.绝大多数酶是蛋白质，其作用的强弱可用酶活性表示C.麦芽糖酶能催化麦芽糖的水解，不能催化蔗糖的水解D.将胃蛋白酶参加到pH10的溶液中，其空间构造会改变8.某研究小组对胚芽鞘尖端进展不同条件的实验处理示意图如下。
2017届上海市普陀区高考二模试卷(含答案)
普陀区2016学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：I.本试卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
第1-20小题，第31-70小题，均由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第21-30小题，第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,” the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Societ y of London. “On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, andthat means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the sur name of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on its creator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , “ He is a neg ative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .” Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as neces sary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature . Romancism was a reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also considered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did “ F rankenstein” have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Phone Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, called the “ phone stack” game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .“Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,” Lesley M. M. Blume , a Ne w York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .” The expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. “ Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. “ If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . “, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a r ow house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .” It’s not something I want my kid to see.” Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.” I don’t want to sleep next to something t hat is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,” said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .” “It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .”Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the “ phone stack” game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easilySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Any apple today ?”, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .” Here , darling , “ I said , “ is what I owe you ,” _____________” Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.” “ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. Whilethere is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
2017届上海市普陀区高三下学期质量调研(二模)考试生物试题及答案
2017学年第二学期普陀区高三质量调研生命科学试卷说明：考试时间120分钟，满分150分，请将所有答案写在答题纸上一、选择题（每题只有一个最适答案，共60分）1．微生物的种类繁多，下列微生物中属于原核生物的是（）①衣藻②蓝藻③根霉④大肠杆菌⑤乳酸杆菌A．①②④ B．②③④c．③④⑤ D．②④⑤2．下列有关细胞器的说法正确的是（）A．核糖体是噬菌体、细菌、酵母菌唯一共有的细胞器B．线粒体是有氧呼吸的主要场所，在其中生成的产物有丙酮酸、二氧化碳和水C．洋葱鳞茎外表皮细胞中，具有双层膜的细胞器能利用光能合成糖类D．在机体免疫反应中，浆细胞内高尔基体活动会加强3．下列食物营养成分与鉴定试剂及显色反应之间的对应关系中，错误的是（）A．淀粉：碘液，蓝紫色 B．还原性糖：班氏试剂，红黄色C．脂肪：苏丹III染液，橘红色 D．蛋白质：双缩脲试剂，黄绿色4．下图甲表示四种不同的物质在一个动物细胞内外的相对浓度差异，其中通过图乙所示的过程来维持细胞内外浓度差异的物质是（）A．阳离子A B．阳离子B C．胰岛素 D．CO25. 某植物叶片不同部位的颜色不同，将该植物在黑暗中放置48 h 后，用锡箔纸遮蔽叶片两面，如图所示。
在日光下照光一段时间，去除锡箔纸，用碘染色法处理叶片，观察到叶片有的部位出现蓝色，有的没有出现蓝色。
其中，能出现蓝色的部位是( )A．a、b和dB．b、d和fC．b、d和cD．a、b和f6．现脱掉某60肽中的2个丙氨酸（相应位置如下图），得到几种不同的有机产物，其中脱下的氨基酸均以游离态存在。
下列有关该过程产生的全部有机物中相关原子、基团或肽键数目的叙述正确的是（）A．肽键数目减少2个 B．氢原子数目增加4个C．氧原子数目增加2个D．氨基和羧基分别增加4个7．右图显示了人体内能源物质的代谢途径，大写字母代表物质，其中物质Z直接参与了过程①，下列叙述不正确的是（）A．Y是丙酮酸 B．Q 是脂肪酸C．P是甘油D．过程①表示二羧酸循环8．给健康大鼠静脉注射大量的低渗食盐水后，下列变化合理的是（）A．细胞外液渗透压升高 B．大鼠的排尿量增加C．肾小管重吸收水能力增强 D．胰岛B细胞分泌胰岛素增加9．下列是外界环境因素对某植物的光合作用强度和呼吸作用强度影响的相关曲线图，据图分析错误的是（）A．图1中影响A点上下移动的主要外界因素是光照强度B．图2的数据需在适宜温度条件下测量，D点以后只进行有氧呼吸C．若图3中的温度始终处于37．5℃的恒温，每天日照12h，植物体干重将减少D．棚栽时为提高产量，光照强度应控制在C点对应的光照强度，温度在25℃左右最佳10．某实验室用两种方法进行酵母菌发酵葡萄糖生产酒精。
word完整版2017年生物高考试题答案及解析 上海
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试生物试题<上海生命科学卷）一、选择题(共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案>1．由细胞形态判断，下列细胞中最可能连续分裂的是2．如果图1表示纤维素的结构组成方式，那么符合图2所示结构组成方式的是③淀粉①核酸②多肽D．①②③．②③C．①③A．①② B 3．下列食物营养成分与鉴定试剂及显色反应之间的对应关系中，错误的是B．还原糖：班氏试剂，红黄色A．淀粉：碘液，蓝紫色．蛋白质：双缩脲试剂，黄绿色III染液，橘红色D C．脂肪：苏丹为某细胞结构的电镜照片，与图中箭头所指“小点”结构形成有关的是4．图3．叶绿体D．溶酶体A．核仁B．中心体 C 5．微生物的种类繁多，下列微生物中属于原核生物的是⑨蓝细菌④大肠杆菌⑤乳酸杆菌①黏菌②酵母菌D．①④⑤．①②③B．②③④c．③④⑤ A 6．生物体中的某种肽酶可水解肽链末端的肽键，导致．多肽链分解为若干短肽A．蛋白质分解为多肽链B ．氨基酸分解为氨基和碳链化合物C．多肽链分解为氨基酸D 作为模板合成生物大分子的过程包括7．在细胞中，以mRNA C．复制和翻译D．翻译和逆转录．翻译和转录A．复制和转录 B 8．图4为细胞内染色体状态示意图。
这种染色体状态表示已发生c．染色体倒位D．姐妹染色单体之间的交换A．染色体易位B．基因重组·酶在大规模产业化应用中的核心问题是固定化技术，而酶固定化所依据的基本原理在于9 酶具有．催化特异性D．可反复使用性A．热稳定性B．催化高效性 C 10．人体内糖类代谢的中间产物可生成④脂肪酸①乳酸②乙醇③氨基酸．②③④．①②④·①②③ B C．①③④ D A年所做的噬菌体侵染细菌的著名实验进一1952(M．Chase>于(A11·赫尔希．Hershey>和蔡斯是遗传物质。
这项实验获得成功的原因之一是噬菌体步证实了DNA wYpJ6nTvuO．只将其DNA注入大肠杆菌细胞中 B A．侵染大肠杆菌后会裂解宿主细胞3215 PN放射性同位素标记D．蛋白质可用放射性同位素标记可用C·DNA为果实生长过程中细胞呼吸变化的示意图。
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碱基比例是（ ）
A．A：U：C：G = 1：2：3：4 B．A：U：C：G = 2：1：4：3
C．A：T：C：G = 1：2：3：4 D．A：T：C：G = 2：1：4：3
18、右图示意同源染色体交叉互换，这种变异属于(
)
A．基因突变
B．基因重组
C．染色体畸变
D．不可遗传的变异
19、下列关于现代进化理论的叙述中，错误的是（ ）
性状，色盲用 B-b 表示）
29、如果仅考虑多指症状。假如与 8 号个体婚配的 10 号女性表现正常，他们生一个不患多指
孩子的概率是
。对于携带有严重遗传病基因的人婚后应如何做好优生优育工作,
预防下一代患该遗传病？
。
Ⅱ、果蝇是遗传学研究的经典材料，其四对相对性状中红眼（E）
对白眼（e）、灰身（B）对黑身（b）、长翅（V）对残翅（v）、
1
7、下列有关植物 激素调节的说法，其中不正确的是（ ） A．同一植物的根、茎、芽所需最适生长素浓度相同 B．细胞分裂素能通过促进细胞分裂，从而促进植物生长 C．脱落酸能促进果实的衰老和脱落 D．乙烯具有促进果实成熟的作用 8、如图所示，a、b、c 为对胚芽鞘做不同处理的实验，d 为一植株被纸盒罩住，纸盒的一侧 开口，有单侧光照。下列对实验结果的描述，其中正确的是（ ）
血压不致下降过多，请分析其原因。
。
（四）回答下列有关生物工程的问题（12 分）
从人的胰岛细胞中制备胰岛素编码基因，将其与合适的质粒用产自大肠杆菌的 DNA 连
接酶拼接成重组分子，后者导入酵母中便可实现重组人胰岛素的工业化生产，用于糖尿病的
治疗。
38、下列与质粒的基本单位相同的有
（填编号）
① 胰岛素基因 ② mRNA
③ 拟核 DNA
④ 人胰岛素
39、若人胰岛素编码基因两端是用限制酶 PstI（识别序列和切割位点如图 2 所示）切开的，
那么如图 1 所示的质粒应使用限制酶
切开，才能保证人胰岛素编码基因与质粒直接
粘连拼接。
40、已转到重组质粒上的单个人胰岛素编码基因能否再用 39 题中的限制酶切
开？
，理由是
。
7
41、将重组质粒导入酵母细胞，并进行大规模培养便可获得人胰岛素产品。上述人胰岛素产
2
D．神经递质是一种化学信号 11、过多地食用脂肪和胆固醇高的食物，会得高脂血症。下列关于体内血脂代谢及其调节的 叙述，其中正确的是（ ） A．血液中的甘油三酯不可能来自于小肠的乳糜微粒 B．血液中高密度脂蛋白偏高会导致高胆固醇血症 C．血液中可以发生甘油三酯与葡萄糖的相互转化 D．胰岛素促进甘油三酯的合成 12、下图表示机体特异性免疫的部分过程示意图。下列有关叙述中错误的是（ ） A. 细胞 a 可能为记忆 B 细胞 B. 细胞 d 能为浆细胞 C. 抗体的化学本质是蛋白质 D. 过程Ⅱ属于细胞免疫 13、图甲和图乙示意某生物细胞有丝分裂的两个不同 时期，下列分析中错误的是（ ） A. 图甲示意植物细胞有丝分裂的中期 B. 图乙细胞中染色单体的数目为0 C. 与图甲细胞相比,图乙细胞中染色体数加倍 D. 与图甲细胞相比,图乙细胞中 DNA 数加倍 14、下图示某哺乳动物形成卵子及早期胚胎的过程（N 表示染色体组）。下列有关叙述中错误 的（ ）
A．图 a 中植物向光弯曲生长 B．图 b 中植物直立生长 C．图 c 中植物向光弯曲 D．图 d 中如果将植物固定不动，仅纸盒旋转，则植株向光弯曲生长 9、恐惧反射是一种条件反射，其建立的过程如图，下列叙述中正确的是（ ）
A．图甲中，声音属于非条件刺激
B．图乙所示强化过程为“ 先给与电击刺激，然后再给与声音刺激”
4
二、综合题（共 60 分） （一）分析回答下列有关植物代谢问题（11 分）
下图 1 是某植物叶肉细胞内代谢活动示意图，其中①、②、③、④、⑤表示生理过程， A、B、C、D、E 表示生理活动中的相关物质。图 2 是温度影响该植物光合作用与呼吸作用的 研究结果。
21、图 1 中，已知 B 表示[H]，则 A 表示的物质是
④B 淋巴细胞只有与骨髓瘤细胞融合才能产生抗体
（五）分析回答下列微生物及其培养问题（12 分）
农业上广泛使用的除草剂在土壤中不易被分解，长期使用会污染土壤。为了修复被污染
的土壤，可按下图程序选育出能降解该除草剂的细菌。（注：已知该除草剂是一种含氮有机物；
含一定量该除草剂的培养基不透明。）
43、微生物培养过程中需要的营养物质主要有
。
35、据图可知，机体受寒冷刺激时，肾上腺素参与体温调节的作用机理是
。
36、机体遇到寒冷刺激，除了能通过上图示意的代谢方式调节体温外,还可以通过
方
式来调节体温，例如通过皮肤血管（填编号）
（①舒张；②收缩），减少热量的
散失。 37、抗利尿激素又称血管升压素，在机体严重失血时抗利尿激素的合成和释放大量增加可使
细眼（R）对粗眼（r）为显性。右图是雄果蝇的四对等位基因
在染色体上的分布。
30、果蝇眼形（R-r）的遗传遵循
规律。
31、在一个果蝇种群中随机抽取 100 只个体，测知基因型为
BB、Bb 和 bb 的个体分别是 30、60 和 10。则在这 100 只个体中，B 的基因频率为
。
若将这 100 只个体置于天然黑色环境中，灰身果蝇的比例会
型除草剂作为
（营养来源），其原因是
。
47、如果筛选能降解该型除草剂的细菌结果如图丁所示（A—E 分别表示不同的菌株），其中
的 B、D 菌株周围无透明圈形成，说明
；如果从 A—E 菌株中选育高效的能
降解该型除草剂的细菌，应选育菌株
。
8
48、实验中采用稀释涂布平板法检测水样中的细菌含量。将 1mL 水样稀释 100 倍，在 3 个平
品生产过程中利用到的生物工程领域有
。（填编号）
①发酵工程
②基因工程
③细胞工程
④酶工程
42、医学上还利用生物工程技术将小鼠骨髓瘤细胞与一种 B 淋巴细胞融合，融合后细胞经培
养可产生单克隆抗体，其理论依据有
。（填编号）
①骨髓瘤细胞可以产生抗体，但不能无限增殖
②骨髓瘤细胞可以无限增殖，但不能产生抗体
③B 淋巴细胞可以产生抗体，但不能无限增殖
2016 学年第二学期普陀区高中质量调研
生命科学试题
一、选择题（每题仅有一个正确答案，共 40 分）
1、下列不属于原核生物的是（ ）
A．颤藻
B．水绵
C．大肠杆菌
2、下列各图中，能正确表示肽键结构的是（ ）
D．蓝藻
3、“自噬”是真核细胞能主动降解自身组成结构物质（如衰老的细胞器等），以实现细胞本身
的代谢需要。细胞中具有”降解自身物质功能”的细胞器是（
44、培养基的配制主要包括如下步骤: ①溶化，②调 pH，③高温高压灭菌，④称量。这些步
骤正确的顺序是
。
45、实验中进行平板划线操作（如图乙、丙所示）的目的是
。在具体操作时，
首先要将接种环通过（填编号）
（①紫外线；②酒精灯灼烧；③高温高压）灭菌;
第二次及以后的划线，总是从
开始。
46、为了选育出能降解除草剂的细菌，在配置培养基时需添加一定量的该型除草剂，并以该
16、某二倍体植物中，抗病和感病这对相对性状由一对等位基因控制，要确定这对性状的显
隐性关系，应该选用的最佳杂交组合是（ ）
A．抗病株×感病株
B．抗病纯合体×感病纯合体
C．抗病株×抗病株，或感病株×感病株
D．抗病纯合体×抗病纯合体，或感病纯合体×感病纯合体
17、某基因的一条链上碱基比例是 A：T：C：G = 1：2：3：4，则由此链转录出的 mRNA 中
，这是
的结果。
32、若仅考虑体色和翅长两对性状，将与上图所示基因型相同的雌果蝇和黑身残翅雄果蝇个
体测交，子代中灰身残翅：灰身长翅：黑身长翅：黑身残翅=9：1：9：1，则 B-v（或 b-V）
的交换值为_________________________。
（三）分析回答下列稳态调节问题（12 分） 下图为某小型哺乳动物受持续寒冷刺激时，机体调节脂肪细胞代谢的过程。
A．此实验不能模拟雌雄配子的随机结合
B．准备实验装置时，甲袋和乙袋中棋子总数相同，且每袋中 D 和 d
标记的棋子应各占一半
C．如果某学生进行了 20 次实验，抓到 Dd 组合的次数不一定是 10 次
D．如果要模拟孟德尔一对相对性状杂交实验中的子一代(F1)测交，可将其中一袋中的棋子全
换上等量的标记为 d 的棋子
；C 表示的物质是
；
E 表示的物质是
。
22、图 1 中，④表示的生理过程是
，其发生的场所
是
。
23、图 1 中，有氧呼吸过程中释放能量最多的生理过程是
（填图中数字）。
24、图 2 中，用“光照条件下 CO2 的吸收量”所表示的光合作用强度，其实质是（填选项编号）
( ①植物的净光合作用强度; ②植物真光合作用强度,即实际光合作用强度）。假设每天光照 12
小时，最有利于该植物生长的温度是
℃。
25、图 2 所示实验中，在 30℃条件下,如果还需要提高该植物的光合作用强度,可以采取的措
施有
。（填编号）
①适当提高温度
②适当增加光照强度
③适当增加 CO2 浓度
④适当增加光照时间
（二）分析回答下列遗传问题（13 分） Ⅰ、下图表示某家族中多指症的发病及遗传情况（多指用 A—a 表示）。
A．进化的基本单位是种群
B．新物种形成的前提条件是生殖隔离
C．进化的实质是种群基因频率的改变
D．基因突变和基因重组决定了生物进化的方向
20、生物多样性是指（ ）
A．种群多样性、群落多样性和生态系统多样性