[2020高考英语复习江苏]第八课时 名词性从句

第八课时名词性从句1.By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.(2018·江苏卷)A.whereB.whenC.whyD.how答案D[考查表语从句. 根据句中的By boat可知,此处应用how引导表语从句,表示到达这里的方式.]2.This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018·北京卷)A.howB.whichC.thatD.what答案D[句意:这是我父亲教我的——总是面对困难,并抱最大的希望.根据语境可知,此处用what引导表语从句.句中的to always face difficulties and hope for the best是what指代的内容.]3.The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津卷)A.whomeverB.whereverC.whoeverD.whatever答案C[句意:金牌将会被颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手.本空需要连接词引导宾语从句,连接词在从句中作主语,指人,同时根据句意可知,应用whoever“……的任何人,无论谁”引导这个宾语从句.]4.Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京卷)A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever答案B[whatever任何事；whoever任何人；whomever任何人；whichever无论哪个.句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖.空格所在部分是主语从句,缺少主语,用连接代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除A、D,因为需要作主语,只能用主格代词who,故选B.]5.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree－lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.(2017·北京卷)A.whyB.whereC.howD.when答案B[句意:Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上,不知道她将去往何方,根据语境可知此处是表地点的,故选B.]6.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of________ it used to charge.(2017·江苏卷)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how答案C[“half of ________ it used to charge”是$20的同位语,即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外,of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以,这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语,所以用what来引导宾语从句,并充当宾语从句中的宾语,故选C.句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元,这是该宾馆过去要价的一半.]7.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津卷)A.whenB.whereC.whetherD.what答案C[句意:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了.我承认,我还没有还.根据句意,故选C.]8.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.(2016·北京卷)A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever答案C[句意:你的支持对我们很重要,无论你们做什么都会有帮助.从句动词do需要宾语,且引导主语从句,故用whatever.]名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句,主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.一、主语从句1.引导主语从句的连接词:从属连词that, whether/if；连接代词what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever等.That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹.What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱.2.主语从句一般放在句首,但有时也可用it作形式主语,而将主语从句移到句子的末尾.常见的句型:·It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that从句·It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)＋that从句·It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that从句·It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等)＋that从句It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚. It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊.It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了.二、宾语从句1.引导宾语从句的连接词:从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序.We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会.I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我确信美来自内在.2.it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置.常见的这类动词有:find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等.He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟.(2)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置.I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候,我会确保把他照顾好.3.宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态.She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班.(从句是一般现在时)She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山.(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态.He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课.(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿.(从句是过去将来时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时.The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人.He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快.4.当主句的主语是第一人称时,在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的,就运用否定转移,将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上.I don’t believe she will attend the meeting.我认为她不会来参加该会议.5.that, what引导宾语从句的区别在宾语从句中,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分.当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that；而what引导宾语从句时,意为“什么”(有时候可以不译),在从句中用来作主语或宾语.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反.Galileo found that no matter how many times he tried the experiment, the result remained the same.伽利略发现,不管他进行多少次试验,结果都一样.三、表语从句1.引导表语从句的连接词:从属连词that, whether；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed itdifferently.杰里不后悔给出评论,但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达的.I’d like to start my own business —that’s what I’d do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情.2.as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be,seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等动词之后.The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.浓雾覆盖着整座城市.好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面.3.because, why引导的表语从句because, why也可引导表语从句,但because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause (该结构常用that引导).常用于以下句型:·This/That is/was why...这/那是……的原因·This/That is/was because...这/那是因为……·The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看,地球是蓝色的.这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖.The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was t oo careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了.四、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,位于该名词之后,用以说明该名词的具体内容.1.常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有:advice 建议conclusion 结论demand要求doubt 怀疑fact 事实hope 希望idea 主意information 信息message 消息news 消息order 命令possibility 可能性promise 诺言question 问题request 请求suggestion 建议thought 想法plan 计划I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.我对自己承诺:今年,我高中的第一年,会有所不同.—Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?—No problem.——你有可能到机场接我吗?——没问题.2.引导同位语从句的连接词有:that, whether, how, where, when, why等. Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现:有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去.She asked a question why there was a delay.她问了发生延误的原因.I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家.[名师点津]在同位语从句中,that, whether不作句子成分.that无实义,whether意为“是否”,if一般不引导同位语从句.引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略.3.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容,从句本身是一个非常完整的句子,引导词that只起引导作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略.定语从句对其前的名词即先行词加以限制和修饰,从句本身不够完整,因此关系词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分.When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. (that引导的是同位语从句,that不可省略)当战争的消息传来时,他决定参军.As a matter of fact, the news (that/which) he told me yesterday is true. (that/which引导定语从句,可以省略)实际上,他昨天告诉我的消息是真的.五、几组区别1.whether和if的用法(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether. It all depends on whether they will come back.(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether.I d idn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether.Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.(4)whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if则不能.We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能.The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.(6)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能. Whether he comes or not,we will begin our party on time.2.疑问词＋ever和no matter＋疑问词的区别(1)疑问词＋ever可引导名词性从句,在从句中要充当一定的成分.Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.(2)疑问词＋ever还可引导让步状语从句.Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished.Whatever you do,you must do it well.(3)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句.No matter what you do,you must put your heart into it.No matter who comes late,he must be punished.1 位置判断法根据名词性从句的句子特点及其所处的位置,判断出属于哪一种从句,从而确定连词的种类.(1)________ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How答案B[句意:一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点.从句中缺宾语,只能用what来引导,that引导主语从句不作成分.](2)One reason for her preference for city life is ________she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why答案A[系动词is之后是一表语从句,从句的结构完整,不缺少任何成分,所以用that引导.]2 语序判断法一般来说,名词性从句中(当然不只是名词性从句,其他从句也是如此),从句的语序要用陈述语序.When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know________.A.he is entering which laneB.which lane he is enteringC.is he entering which laneD.which lane is he entering答案B[which引导的句子作know的宾语,句子用陈述语序.故B项为正确答案.]3 句子成分分析法看从句缺不缺成分,不缺就用that, whether/if,缺成分就用wh－类连接词(包括how, because等).(1)We haven’t discussed yet ________ we are going to place our new furniture.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where答案D[句意:我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里.由句意知,discussed 后面的宾语从句中缺少地点状语,因此选择D.](2)As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ________ it takes to start a business here.A.howB.whatC.whenD.which答案B[句意:作为一名新毕业生,他不知道需要什么才能在这里创业.空格后的从句中takes是动词,其后缺少宾语,所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what.]1.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016·北京卷)A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.why答案B[句意:雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全免于尘埃.分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,故用that引导表语从句.]2.The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津卷)A.whetherB.thatC.whichD.what答案B[分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导同位语从句,解释说明suggestion的具体内容,且从句句意和句子成分完整,故用that.]3.________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(北京卷)A.WhereB.HowC.WhyD.When答案B[句意:我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系. 分析句子结构可知“________ we understand things”为主语从句,结合句意可知选B.] 4.________ Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.(江苏卷)A.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.How答案C[句意:李白,一个伟大的中国诗人,其出生地是众所周知的,但也有一些人不接受它.“Where Li Bai...was born”作该句子的主语,表示“李白出生的地方”.]5.The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.(北京卷)A.whereB.whenC.howD.why答案B[句意:这位足球明星最好的时刻就是他射进了决胜的一球的那一刻.因为前面有moment,所以根据表语从句的含义选择when.]6.Save your apology for ________ you really make everything a mess. (2019·苏北四市高三第一次调研测试)A.unlessB.onceC.whenD.though答案C[句意:把你的道歉用在你真的把事情弄得一团糟的时候.when引导宾语从句,在从句中作时间状语.故选C .]7.The palace has been restored to resemble ________ it was during the time of Emperor Qianlong.(2019·南京市、盐城市高三年级第二次模拟考试)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.how答案A[resemble为及物动词,意为“与……相似”,故其后为宾语从句,从句缺表语,所以用连接代词what.]8.Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize________ diverse the American culture is.A.whatB.howC.thatD.where答案B[句意:只有当你亲自来到纽约时,你才会意识到美国文化是多么多种多样.根据“how＋adj./ad v.＋主语＋其他部分”可知,应选how.what一般修饰名词,不符合题意和语法结构.]9.The young couple was having an argument about ________ turn it was to do the cooking.A.whoseB.whoC.whenD.which答案A[句意:这对夫妇正在争论该轮到谁做饭了.whose引导名词性从句作介词about的宾语,whose在宾语从句中作定语修饰turn.]10.________ you do will be right because you are a wise and responsible man.A.WhatB.WhichC.WhicheverD.Whatever答案D[句意:无论你做什么事都是正确的,因为你是一位有智慧且负责的人.分析句子结构可知,空处引导一个主语从句,在从句中作宾语,再结合句意可知此处应用Whatever.]11.It is estimated that China has over 770 million 4G users,which doubles ________ itwas in 2015.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how答案C[句意:据统计,中国有超过7亿个4G手机用户,总数是2015年的两倍.根据句子结构可知,这是一个宾语从句,且从句缺表语,故选what.]12.After ________ seemed an endless wait,it was his turn to have the job interview.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what答案D[介词after后面的宾语从句中缺少主语,故使用连接词what引导这个宾语从句,并在句中作主语.句意:在看似无止境的等待之后,终于轮到他面试了.] 13.They lost their way in the forest,and ________ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which答案C[根据连词and可知,本句需要一个引导主语从句的连接词,该词同时还要能在从句里充当主语.that不能在句中作成分；it不能引导主语从句；which意为“哪一个”,不符合本句语境.句意:他们在森林里迷路了,更糟糕的是天开始黑了.]14.Many experts hold the view ________ teachers’ development is ________ the key to better education lies in.A.that；whichB.that；whatC.that；whereD.which；where答案B[第一个空引导的句子在解释说明view的内容,是同位语从句,只起连接作用用that；第二个空位于be动词之后是表语从句,从句中介词in缺少宾语,填what.句意:很多专家们持有相同的观点——教师的发展是教育提升的关键所在.]15.Our health is ________ we make of it—give it attention and it improves; give it none and it weakens.A.whatB.whetherC.howD.who答案A[make A of B意为“使B成为A”.此处make后缺少宾语,故用what 来引导表语从句,并在从句中作make的宾语.句意:我们的健康由我们自己决定(我们的健康状况是我们自己塑造的)——多关注它,它便会变好；不关注它,它就会变坏.]。