IBT托福听力寄托再次整理版
新托福听力全解析

新托福听力全解析朗阁托福考试研究中心经过多方的积累,朗阁托福考试研究中心的老师们终于不负众望,为大家总结出了一些新托福听力的要点以及注意事项,希望对大家有所帮助哟!一、TOEFL iBT(俗称“新托福”)概况托福TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language, 作为外语的英语考试),是由美国教育考试服务处Educational Testing Service(ETS)举办的为申请去美国或加拿大等国家上大学或入研究生院学习的非英语国家学生提供的一种英语水平考试。
美国教育考试服务处由1965年开始承办此项考试的管理工作。
2005年9月,ETS在全球推出了一种全新的综合英语测试方法,即能够反映在一流大专院校教学和校园生活中对语言实际需求的新托福考试,即TOEFL iBT (Internet-Based Test, 以因特网为基础的测试)。
新托福由四部分组成,分别是阅读(Reading)、听力(Listening)、口语(Speaking)、写作(Writing)。
每部分满分30分,整个试题满分120分。
与其他语言测试不同,新托福考试的最大特点在于,其听、说、读、写四个单项全部依托台式电脑进行,被测试者不再使用传统的纸和笔来答题,而是在电脑上直接作答(当然,打草稿或者做笔记的时候可以用纸笔)。
二、TOEFL iBT Listening(新托福听力)介绍1.概况听力位于整个新托福考试的第二项,在阅读之后进行。
考生人手一副耳机,从电脑上听到语音资料。
正常的听力测试共2部分,每部分包含1个校园情景对话(Campus conversation, 每个conversation之后有5个questions)和2个大学学术讲座(Academic lectures, 每个lecture之后有6个questions)。
新托福考试还是设置了“加考”,即考生会在正常的考试之外多做一部分阅读或者听力的题目(也有可能阅读、听力两部分同时被加试)。
托福听力conversation总结

Conversation题目简单语速快(point易漏)记下所有的提问学生问答、自问自答必考评论必考例子必考废话必考把所有重复的记下话题一、教授1、作业A、选题(选题换题目):老师引导你去想tough decisionB、材料:哪儿可能有(研究材料性质:文章、评论、tap);更常考:材料不存在->补充材料supplemental (老师诱导去找其他的补充材料)ask for source material for his paperC、写到一半时,知识点残缺(interview然后结果不一样:原因:1、学生的理解有问题(解决:老师再讲一遍课上讲的东西,“孩子,加油”);2、学生的数据有问题(老师讲如何正确收集数据,为什么错了,“没关系,我再给你讲一遍”)D、最后都写完了,拿给老师做最后审查①正常情况:“你写的不错,哪儿好,但是several problem”,老师举现实生活中的例子(experience)作解释;②(常考)写的特别好,老师感兴趣的点,“你是如何想到去采访这个人?详细说明”,“你能不能再把它写长点,把project做大,投稿/在课上做个presentation)submit a piece of writing for publicationGeneral or casual idea 大致的想法An increase in the quantity of certain gases in Earth's atmosphereget a position as reporter/2、课上问题开头废话:“下周有个quiz,但我第三章有问题”,老师说“这个东西不考”但会给予讲解,考试前去问老师。
开始讲:一般围绕某一个词(词义,理论是怎么回事儿),都是解释性的。
3、志愿者主动找老师作志愿者:为什么找他(experience,resume);讨论有没有pay(food);是否可以帮忙(拍马屁):1、事情是什么2、有什么意义(重要信息:时间fit into my schedule(评论:是否available,考虑是否太长太短;地点,考虑是否便利)3、目的(为了加分:extra credit,credit is awarded(一般没有加分,“目前没有,但报的同学比较少,为吸引人报名可能会有加分”)老师来找学生(好处)Invite the student to work on a committee二、图书馆1、找不到书:为什么找不到(连书名都不知道,要找一个评论但不知道去哪儿找,管理员会告诉你在哪儿,还可能进行讨论(“我曾经看过,还有video tape”))类别地点(第一个地儿如果没有就去另一个地儿找)通过什么方式找(computer,啊我都不知道,怎么上网找,回家找,找不到,还是在这儿找吧)2、漏洞bug:过期书催还(解决办法:借别的书,复印,….)To find out if he needs to immediately return a book3、介绍图书馆(不怎么考了已经,因为过简单):介绍parking,怎么停车,怎么拿parking card三、注册中心registration office要选课:sign up for the courseOptional classa、手动选课:为什么要选这个课(大四了;是其他课的先修课;非常感兴趣)为什么没选上(不在场别人帮、(最常见)这课需要别的先修课但我没有修-)会看其他课类似课是否有修,我还有经验资质)选上课但没有上(原因:没有收到cancel通知email问题,我没通知inform学校)d、毕不了业(解决:继续上;给出qualifications证明自己能力经验)新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇1. 课程相关事务场景➢场景特点:主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。
TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文精选5篇

TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文精选5篇老托福听力PartC原文1At last month's meeting you asked me to draw up a report about the possibility of keeping the student center open twenty-four hours a day.在上个月的会议上你们要求我起草一个报告,关于保持学生中心每天24小时开放的可能性。
I decided that the best way to assess the need for expanded hours was to talk to the people who were still in the student center at closing time.我判断评估增加小时数的需求的最好方法是与在关闭时间依然在学生中心里面的人谈谈。
First, over the course of the two weeks, I interviewed more than fifty students as they left the student center at its regular closing time of twelve midnight.首先,在过去两周的进程中,我面谈了超过五十名同学,当他们在通常的午夜12点的关闭时间离开学生中心时。
About eighty percent of them said they would prefer that the center stay open later.他们中的大约百分之八十说,他们更喜欢中心保持开放更晚些。
Of the three main uses of the center—eating in the snack bar, recreation in the game room or watching TV, and studying by far the most popular late night activity is—and this may surprise you—studying.中心的三大用途——在快餐部吃东西,在娱乐室消遣或看电视,以及学习,目前为止最普遍的深夜活动是——这也许会让你们很惊讶——学习。
托福听力Lecture 分类词汇完整版

Lecture分类词汇完整版1.生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙dieout/extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celled organism单细胞有机体tissue(动植物细胞的)组织protective camouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanicsnail蜗牛animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care产后护理habitat 栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tinyreceptor接收器nerve/specimen 物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的,遗传的endangeredspecies濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast酵母(菌)bacteria细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chewup咀嚼unfertilizedeggs 未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasmalemma / cell membrane细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutation of species物种变异chromosome染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异2.动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order目suborder亚目family科genus属species种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibiousanimal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasiticanimal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物(如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等)herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠;蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms(昆虫等)群flock(牛、羊等)群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生;卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的;流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed(名词)品种;(动词)繁殖multiply/reproduce繁殖spawn(鱼、虾、蛙等)孵anatomy解剖学appetite 食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestivesystem消化系统excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统circulatorysystem循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃smallintestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak(老鼠等)吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena 鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen / crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp(鸟、虫的叫声)vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill(鸟)嘴beak(鹰等的)嘴insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna / tentacle触须larva幼虫3.海洋生物学jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝;蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼;乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎;鳎目鱼plaice鲽,红斑比目鱼4.植物学botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquaticplant 水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage/leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette(叶的)丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell(硬)果壳husk (干)果壳/(玉米)苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇(灌木)fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的wither/shrivel/fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren贫瘠的;不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物(淀粉)glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命malnourished营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant绿油油的,嫩绿的,翠绿的evergreen常青树conifertree针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏;杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plumblossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus/heliotrope/sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦5.气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorologicalstation气象站forecast/predict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front冷锋warmairmass热气团current(气)流moisture潮湿,水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp / moist / humid潮湿humidity 湿度moisture潮湿/水分saturate饱和dew露frost霜fog / mist雾smog烟雾droplet小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet(水、冰、雪的)一层downpour / torrential rain大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴风雪avalanche / snow slide雪崩precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水thunder雷breeze微风sandstorm沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸tidal wave潮汐;浪潮upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster/calamity/catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction风向long-rangeforecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析;卫星云图6.地质学crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust海洋地壳layer /stratum地层stratigraphy地层学fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift/crack / split断裂disintegration / decomposition分解erosion 腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock变质岩limestone石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞/水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch / age /period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano盾状火山(平缓)(steep-sided)conevolcano锥状火山(陡峭)eruption火山喷发crater火山口caldera(开口较大的)火山口depression洼地,凹陷处;盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hot spring温泉earthquake/quake/tremor/seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicintensityscale震烈度seismic wave地震波transversewave 横波longitudinalwave纵波epicenter震中epicentral distance震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖aquifer蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Colorado river科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物7.考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid 人(科)homogeneous同以种族(种类)的tribe部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate/unearth挖掘ruins遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic 遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老Stone Age石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancientcivilization古代文明caveman山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画8.地理学hemisphere半球meridian子午线/经线parallel平行圈latitude纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperaturelatitudes温带地区tropics热带地区Arctic / the North Pole北极Antarctic/Antarctica南极theAntarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈aurora极光tropics of Cancer北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line国际日期变更线time difference时差time zone 时区topography地形/地形学plain平原plateau/ highland高地lowland低地basin盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流deposit沉积spring / fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床gulf / bay海湾waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布;喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island大陆岛volcanic island火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlocked area内陆inland waterway内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope 山坡continentalshelf大陆架canyon / gorge峡谷channel / strait海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal地热terrestrial magnetism地磁continental drift大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的frostheaving冻胀现象tundra苔原,冻原fieldstone卵石theMediterraneanSea地中海theprimevalforest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord峡湾coral reef珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊;分水岭abyss深渊territory版图;领土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝precipice悬崖eon世;纪;代glacier冰河Pangaea盘古大陆dune沙丘Lagoon咸水湖9.天文学astronomy天文学astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas天体图celestial sphere天球dwarf / dwarf star矮星quasar类星体constellation星座galaxy / Milky Way银河系starcluster星团asterism星群solarsystem太阳系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solar radiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space / outer space太空,外层空间spacecraft / spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman宇航员space suit宇航服stellar恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球;光球层chromospheres色球;色球层日冕层sunspot太阳黑子(发生在光球层)flare耀斑(发生在色球层)solar prominence 日珥(发生在色球层)convection zone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线absolutemagnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪,干涉仪illusive object幻影体faint微弱的image影像gravitational force吸引力molten融化的leap year闰年rotation自传revolution公转black hole黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线luminosity光度light year光年10.环保相关ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora植物群rain forest雨林food chain食物链acidrain酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射pollution control污染控制air pollution空气控制water pollution水污染noxious / toxic有毒的fumes(有毒的)废气waste废物solidwaste固体废物sewage/wastewater污水sewage purification污水净化swage disposal污水处理decibel(噪音)分贝11.能源相关fossil fuel矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconservation保护能源resource资源energysource能源资源tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rush hour高峰期zero emission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burningofcoaland oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change长期的气候变化environmental recycling center再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林drought干旱water shortage水源缺乏offshore spillage近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水处理environmentprotection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission(汽车废气的)排放soot烟尘El Niño厄尔尼诺现象12.新技术发明相关13.人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor先驱figurehead名誉领袖disciple学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile(人)多才多艺的/(物)多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious巨大的classic经典的posthumous死后的14.发展史文学pose散文diary日记autobiography传记editorial社论narrativeprose叙述性descriptiveprose描写性essay随笔poetry诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction 小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leadingcharacter主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue 尾声literarycriticism文学批评literarystudies文学研究schoolsofliterature文学流派comparativeliterature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra(管弦)乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound dru击鼓foot beat跺脚note音符score乐谱movement乐章fanatical狂热的hillbillymusic乡村音乐folkmusic民间音乐popmusic流行音乐classicalmusic古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music / wind music 管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp竖琴horn号;喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium指挥台accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord和弦harmony和声rest休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude政治经济序曲epilogue尾声subsistence存活,生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系,血缘关系commodity商品check支票;收据;账单bank loan银行贷款interest利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run ona bank挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism消费主义(认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法);保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕,富足sophisticated世故的,老练的;复杂的,尖端的建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing辐楼/侧楼design 设计elevator电梯skyscraper摩天大楼designelement设计元素logstructure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型building technique建筑工艺new material新材料metal-frame金属结构repairperson修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆officebuilding写字楼cathedral大教堂mosque 清真寺thestatueofliberty自由女神像thetriumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts美术oil painting油画water color水彩画tempera蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoaldrawing木炭画muralpainting/fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色,色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawingboard画板perspective透视画法original原作copy临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style印象派风格framing装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。
【TPO小站】托福听力完全自学讲义_非常详细

新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1.新托福和旧托福的对比考试形式预读题目笔记题型PBT旧托福Paper Yes No 1/4 multiple choiceIBT新托福Internet No Yes New types2.题量,时间,分数文章类型题量题目数时间CONVERSATION 2-3 5 / conversation 2-3 min /conversation LECTURE 4-6 6 / lecture 4-6 min / lecture TOTAL 6-9(加试)34 60-90 min SCALE SCORE: 30 见OG185评分标准3.题目的考查形式➢考场环境:独立电脑,耳机,铅笔,草稿本➢电脑环境:图片,视频,声音,板书➢新题型:双选题,重听题,表格配对题➢答题时间:总时间限制,每题分配时间不限➢答题流程:永不悔改4.文章材料的考查形式➢文章结构:删除了旧托福的PART A 部分,更加注重于对于能力的考查➢文章长度:比旧托福长➢文章语速:无所谓快慢,比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活➢文章类型:对话,独白,讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路5.新托福考试题型概述IBT listening comprehensionBasiccomprehensionGist questionDetail questionPragmaticunderstandingPurpose questionAttitude questionConnectinginformationOrganization questionInference question题号问题题型1Why does the student go to see theprofessor?Gist question2 According to the professor, whatinformation should the student include inher statement of purpose?Detail Question3What does the professor consider unusualabout the student’s background?Detail Question 4 Why does the professor tell a story about Detail Questionhis friend who went ot medical school?5 What does the professor imply about thepeople who admit students to graduateschool?Inference question6 What are the students mainly discussing? Gist question7 Listen again and then answer thequestion:Why does the woman say this?Purpose question8 According to the conversation, why aretransposes sometimes called “jumpinggenes”?Detail Question9 According to the conversation, what are twoways in which bacteria cells get resistancegenes?Detail Question10What can be inferred about the resistancegenes discussed in the conversation?Inference question11 What is the talk mainly about? Gist question12What is the professor’s point of viewconcerning the method of “safe yield”?Detail Question 13 According to the professor, what are two Detail Questionproblems associated with removing wter from an underground system?14 Listen again and then answer thequestion:Why does the professor say this?Purpose question15What is a key feature of a sustainable watersystem?Detail Question16 What does the professor imply about watersystems managed by the “safe yield”method?Inference question17Why does the professor talk about Plato’sdescription of society?Gist question18 Listen again and then answer thequestion:Why does the professor imply aboutplato’s ethical theory?Attitude question19 Listen again and then answer thequestion:Why does the professor ask this?Purpose question20 What are two points that reflect Plato’s Detail Questionviews about education?21 Based on information in the lecture, indicatewhether the statements below abouthuman emotion reflect beliefs held by Plato,Organizationquestion22According to Plato, what is the maincharacteristic of a good or just person?Detail Question23 What is the main topic of the lecture? Gist question24According to the professor, why did onescientist grow a rye plant in water?Detail Question25 Listen again and then answer thequestion:Why does the professor say this?Purpose question26 The professor mentions houseplants thatreceive too much water. Why does shemention them?Detail Question27 Listen again and then answer thequestion:Why does the professor intend to explain?Purpose question28According to the professor, what similarity isthere between crabgrass and rye plants?Detail Question29 What is the lecture mainly about? Gist question30 Why does the professor talk about aconstruction company that has work indifferent cities?Detail Question31 Listen again and then answer thequestion:Why does the professor say this?Purpose question32What is an example of a violation of the“unity of command” principle?Detail Question33 According to the professor, where mightthere be a conflict in an organizationalstructure based on both projects andfunction?Detail Question34 Indicate whether each sentence belowdescribes functional organization or project organization. Place a check mark in thecorrect box.Organizationquestion➢Gist question: 6➢Detail question: 16➢Purpose question: 6➢Attitude question: 1➢Organization question: 2➢Inference question: 3 6.界面展示7.IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分图片资料名称特点推荐使用方法The Official Study Guide ●题目数量不多●难度较简单●题型全面,和考试相同,质量高●精听精做●题目分类研究●文章精读研究●不建议模考ETS TOEFL PRACTICE ONLINE ●一共14套,其中新东方引进4套,还有2套是OG题目,其他全部为全真试题●难度和考试相当,已经有较全的版本出现●题型全面,场景全面●精听精做●建议最后冲刺模考DELTA 新托福考试备考策略与模拟试题●题目数量大,后面有四套模拟试题●前面的训练题目文章较短,不是托福模拟●精听精做●建议考前强化训练●对语速跟读●听力材料要比考试稍难些,速度也稍快些●题型和考试相差很多,不建议细钻模仿DELTA 新托福考试模拟试题●题目数量大,有六套模拟试题●具体特点同蓝皮delta●建议考前模拟●对语速跟读模仿BARRON 新托福考试全真模考题与精解●题目数量大,后面有7套模拟试题●难度偏小,在基础班使用●建议平时精听训练KAPLAN模考试题四套●有四套模拟试题●听力部分略难,语速略快●配合模拟光盘,有临考感觉●考前模考THOMSON模考试题两套●只有两套题,但质量很好,文章难度适中,题目难度和Barron相近,感觉上略难一些,和考试非●建议模考常相似。
托福听力对话主旨题技巧

托福听力对话主旨题技巧对于托福听力来说,要从时间那么长,内容那么多,而且语速较快的听力过程中找到文章的主旨,那是相当困难的。
下面小编为大家带来了托福听力对话主旨题技巧及相关内容,供大家参考。
托福听力对话主旨题技巧1. 一定要注意听开头。
大多数的主旨题会出现在听力音频的开头部分,且有非常明显的提示词和表达句式:Today,we‘ll talk about...Now I'd like to comment on...I‘m supposed to…当你听到这样的句型出现时,后面往往跟的就是文章的主旨了。
2.听话题的转折。
有一部分的文章主旨不会在开头部分马上明确给出,而是先说点别的或着是回顾上节课的内容,转移考生们的注意力,然后突然话锋一转,提出自己的目的及重点。
我们同学一定要注意听它的信号句型,比如:Last time,we talked about...Back to my problem,I was looking for you to ask…Now let me tell you a story first...Let's review what we've learned first...当大家听到类似的句子时,一定要提起精神,主旨要出现了。
3.听文章末处对全文的总结一些讲座的音频末尾会再次强调这堂的重点,所以我们除了要认真听文章的开头,最好也要注意结尾。
4.根据文章中不断出现的信息总结全文有一部分的主旨题并没有在以上的情况给出来,而是需要同学们根据文章中的内容和彼此之间的联系来自己进行总结和归纳,这就需要我们认真去听音频当中有哪些信息是不断出现的,那它很有可能是主要去讨论的重点,另外配合笔记排除干扰项,也可以把这种题目做对。
托福听力主旨题技巧1、主旨题在原文和题目中的位置首先,大家要明确托福听力考试的一大特色就是题目顺序与文章的行文顺序相一致。
所以,同学们要明确的是主旨题出现在文章的开头部分,绝对不会出现在文章的中间部分。
托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)

托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有:1. Listening ComprehensionSection One:Listening Comprehension听力原文:Listen to a conversation between a student and his studio art professor.S: Professor Jones, good morning! Could I talk with you for a minute?P: Sure, Marty. What’s up? Is it about the class assignment this week?S: No, no... I’m almost done... really enjoying it.P: I’m glad to hear that.S: So, well, I’ve been talking to some of the other students in our studio art class and we were wondering who to talk to about maybe buying art supplies that are more environmentally safe for the art classes.P: Well, that’d be me. As the chair of the art department, I do have a say in purchasing decisions, but of course all decisions are voted on by the department faculty. You know... we already buy some eco-friendly products, for example, the easels in your painting studio. They’re made of wood from a South American eucalyptus tree. The trees grow really fast and new trees grow from the stumps of trees that have already been harvested. This is a great renewable resource.S: I didn’t know that. That’s fantastic! We are also considering drawing paper and pencils. There are some really cool companies that use recycled paper to make drawing paper and some pencil companies that make greener products out of wood from sustainable forests.P: Well, I can see you’ve done some research. Why don’t you write up a proposal? You can give us a list with the prices of the eco-friendly supplies you’d like the department to consider, and the faculty can compare that to the current cost of supplies at our next meeting.S: Oh, yeah ... I can appreciate that decisions will also be affected by the cost.P: Well, yes...that’s partly true. Of course, we have a budget for supplies and most of that money has been spent for this year, but you know, the university has been allocating additional funds for more eco-friendly practices. It’s part of their new ‘green campus’initiative.S: Yeah, the solar panels were recently installed on the roof of my dorm, and actually I read an article about the initiative in the campus newspaper. There’s a committee... I even heard there’s student representation that help in decision making related to the implementation of the university’s environmentally friendly practices.P: That’s right! The Green Committee and the solar panels you mentioned are just one of the many things they’ve done. So, I don’t know... given the university’s commitment to becoming more environmentally friendly and the fact that the university does receive partial funding from the state government to support this initiative... you never know!S: Ok... urn, when do you want the figures?P: Well, the next meeting of the art department faculty is at the beginning of next month. That gives you about three weeks.S: That should be enough time. We’ll get to work on it right away. Thanks for your help!1.Why does the student go to see the professor?A.To ask whether students can be represented at an upcoming faculty meeting B.To propose changing the kinds of supplies the art department usesC.To discuss an art project inspired by environmental concernsD.To complain about the lack of materials available to art students正确答案:B解析:目的主旨题。
老托福听力精选93篇-听力原文

老托Part C 精选93篇1Community service is an important component of education here at ourhelps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week.【生词摘录】ponent: n.[C]one of several parts that together make up a wholemachine or system (机器或系统的)零件;成分;组成部分2.tutor: n. [C]someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and isdirectly paid by them 家庭教师,私人教师v. to teach someone as a tutor 给…当家庭教师;指导3.mentor: n. [C]an experienced person who advises and helps a lessexperienced person 顾问,指导人,教练I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that you're prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mention a few things your text doesn't go into. It's interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were what we called bottomry contracts. They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C. In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be? 【生词摘录】1.insurance: n. [U]an arrangement with a company in which you pay themmoney each year and they pay the costs if anything bad happens to you, such as an illness or an accident 保险;the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company 保险费;the business of providing insurance 保险业2.bottomry: n. 船舶抵押契约(如船舶损失,则债务取消),冒险借贷3.contract: n. [C]a formal written agreement between two or more people,which says what each person must do for the other 契约;合同4.loan: n. [C]an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc (银行等的)贷款5.understanding: n. [C usually singular]a private, unofficial agreement(私底下、非正式的)协议,协定6.interest: n. [U]a charge made for borrowing money(借贷的)利息[+on]7.piracy: n. the crime of attacking and stealing from ships at sea 海上抢劫,海盗行为8.cautious: adj. careful to avoid danger or risks 小心的,谨慎的,慎重的9.hazardous: adj. 危险的10.s alient: adj. formal the salient points or features of something are the mostimportant or most noticeable parts of it 【正式】显著的,突出的11.p aramount: adj. more important than anything else 至高无上的,最重要的Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars would affect human movement. To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually increased the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.【生词摘录】1.gallon: n. AmE a unit for measuring liquids, equal to 3.785 litres 【美】加仑(等于3.785升)2.vat: n. [C]a very large container for storing liquids such as whisky or dye,when they are being made(酿酒、盛染料用的)大缸,大桶3.tank: n. [C]a large container for storing liquid or gas(盛放液体或气体的)大容器4.treadmill: n. [C]a mill worked in the past by prisoners treading on stepsfixed to a very large wheel(过去用以惩罚犯人的)踏车5.aerospace: adj. involving the designing and building of aircraft and spacevehicles 航空和航天(器制造)的n.[U]the industry that designs and builds aircraft and space vehicles 航空和航天工业,航天工业6.scuba diving: n. [U]the sport of swimming under water while breathingthrough a tube connected to a container of air on your back 斯库巴潜泳,水肺潜泳(戴自携式潜水呼吸器潜泳)7.simulate: v. to make or produce something that is not real but has theappearance of being real 模仿,模拟8.Martian: adj. of or relating to the planet Mars 火星的9.stride: n. [C]a long step 大步,阔步10.e lbow: n. [C]the joint where your arms bends 肘Dava NewmanProfessor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems Director of Technology and Policy ProgramMac Vicar Faculty FellowWelcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.【生词摘录】1.Everglades National Park: 大沼泽地国家公园2.saw grass: 克拉莎草;加州砖子苗3.acre: n. [C]a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,047 square metres 英亩4.sampling: n. items selected at random from a population and used to testhypotheses about the population 取样,抽样,采样5.exotic: adj. approving seeming unusual and exciting because of beingconnected with a foreign country 【褒义】异国风情的,外国情调的:exotic birds 外国的奇异鸟类6.alligator: n. [C]a large animal with a long mouth and sharp teeth that liesin the hot wet parts of the US and China 短吻鳄7.boardwalk: n. [C]AmE a raised path made of wood, usually built next tothe sea【美】(常在海滨)用木板铺成的小道8.prairie: n. [C]a wide open area of land in North America which is coveredin grass or wheat(北美洲的)大草原9.canoe: n. [C]a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and which youmove along using a paddle 独木舟,小划子10.n egotiate: v. <口> 成功通过,顺利越过11.m osquito: n. [C]a small flying insect that sucks the blood of people andanimals 蚊子12.r epellent: n. [C,U]a substance that keeps insects away 驱虫剂Thank you. It's great to see so many of you interested in this series on "Survival in Outer Space." Please excuse the cameras; we're being videotaped for the local TV stations. Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that's probably the first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would not be possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum—there's no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode. What's more, we'd cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty 300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image of an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso. It’s made of seven extremely durable layers. This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a "bladder" of oxygen that's an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earth's atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?【生词摘录】1.videotape: v. to record a television programme, film etc on a videotape 把(电视节目、电影等)录在录像(磁)带上2.vacuum: n. [C]a space that is completely empty of all gas, especially onefrom which all the air has been taken away 真空3.shade: n. [U]slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sunmade by something blocking it 荫,背阴处4.toasty: adj. AmE informal warm and comfortable 【美,非正式】暖烘烘的,温暖舒适的5.Fahrenheit: n. [U]a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32°and boils at 212°华氏温度6.marvel: n. [C]something or someone surprisingly useful or skillful, thatyou like and admire very much 十分有用(灵巧)的物(人)7.enlargement: n. [C]a photograph that has been printed again in a largersize 放大的照片8.life-size: 又作life-sized,adj. a picture or model of something or someonethat is life-size is the same size as they are in real life 与实物(真人)大小一样的9.shuttle: n. [C]a spacecraft that can fly into space and return to Earth, andcan be used more than once (可以多次使用的)航天飞机,太空穿梭机10.m ission: n. [C]an important job done by a member of the airforce, armyetc, especially an attack on the enemy 任务,使命11.t orso: n. [C]your body, not including your head, arms, or legs (头和四肢除外的)人体躯干12.d urable: adj. staying in good condition for a long time even if used a lot 耐用的13.i nsulation: n. [U]material used to insulate something, especially a building(尤指建筑物的)绝缘材料;the act of insulating something or the state of being insulated 隔绝14.e xtreme: n. [C]something that goes beyond normal limits, so that it seemsvery unusual and unacceptable 极端15.b ladder: n. [C]a bag of skin, leather, or rubber, for example inside afootball, that can be filled with air or liquid (可充气或充水的)囊;袋16.i nflatable: adj. an inflatable object has to be filled with air before you canuse it 须充气方可使用的,(需)充气的17.s ac: n. technical a part inside a plant or animal that is shaped like a bag andcontains liquid or air 【术语】(动物或植物的)囊;液囊18.i nnermost: adj. formal furthest inside 【正式】最里面的19.v entilation: n. [U]通风(ventilate: v. to let fresh air into a room, buildingetc 使通风)20.h elmet: n. [C]a strong hard hat worn for protection by soldiers, motorcycleriders, the police etc 头盔,钢盔,安全帽21.d emonstrate: v. to show or prove something clearly 证明,论证,证实;toshow or describe how something works or is done 示范,演示;to march through the streets with a large group of people in order to publicly protest about something (为公开抗议某事)游行,示威;to show that you have a particular skill, quality, or ability 展示,表露出(某种技能、品质或能力)6Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance. The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework. It looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out. The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Byrne. Of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that. So, enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support. 【生词摘录】1.present: v. to give a performance in a theatre, cinema, etc, or broadcast aprogramme on television or radio 上演;演出;表演;播出(电视或广播节目)2.ballet: n. [C]a performance in which a special style of dancing and musictell a story without any speaking 芭蕾舞剧;芭蕾舞曲3.animation: n. [U]the process of making animated films 动物片的制作4.wheel: n. [C]one of the round things under a car, bus, bicycle etc that turnwhen it moves (汽车、公共汽车、自行车等的)车轮5.firework: n. [C usually plural]a small container filled with powder thatburns or explodes to produce coloured lights, noise, and smoke 烟火,烟花,焰火6.pinwheel: n. [C]a toy consisting of a stick with curved pieces of plastic atthe end that turn around when they are blown 玩具风车(windmill, BrE)7.pineapple: n. [C,U]a large yellow-brown tropical fruit or its sweet juicyyellow flesh 菠萝,凤梨8.controversy: n. [C,U]a serious argument or disagreement, especiallyabout something such as a plan or decision, that continues for a long time 争论;辩论;争议9.rhythmic: 又作rhythmical, adj. having rhythm 有节奏的10.a dventurous: adj. 又作adventuresome, AmE【美】eager to go to newplaces and do exciting or dangerous things 喜欢冒险的,有冒险精神的;not afraid of taking risks or trying new things 敢作敢为的,大胆创新的11.c horeography: n. [U]the art of arranging how dancers should move duringa performance 编舞(艺术);舞蹈设计12.s ymbolism: n. [U]the use of symbols to represent something 象征主义(手法)7In our lab today, we'll be testing the hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six months old. You'll be watching them on closed circuit TV and measuring their responses. The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they don't see what they expect to see. First, we're going to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stare at the dolls when the screen is removed. In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear. But then a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will only see two dolls. If we're right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect three dolls but only see two. It seems remarkable to think that such young children can count. My own research has convinced me that they have this ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but is it good for parents to pressure young children?【生词摘录】1.hypothesis: n. plural hypotheses,[C]an idea that is suggested as a possibleway of explaining a situation, proving an idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设,假说2.closed circuit television (TV): a system in which cameras send picturesto television sets that is used in many public buildings to protect them from crime 闭路电视3.well-established: adj. established for a long time and respected 历史悠久且享有盛誉的4.untapped: adj. an untapped resource, market etc has not yet been used(资源、市场等)未开发的;未利用的Before starting our tour of Monticello, I'd like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more. Monticello was the very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, of course, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England. Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladio's principles, that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house—for example, food—especially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladio's advice; there really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his wonderful vantage point. Now we'll go on to Jefferson's library.【生词摘录】1.Monticello: 蒙提切娄2.appreciate: v. to understand how good or useful someone or something is欣赏,赏识,鉴赏3.enthusiast: n. [C]someone who is very interested in a particular activityor subject 热衷于…的人4.estate: n. [C]a large area of land in the country, usually with one largehouse on it and one owner (在乡村附有宅地的)一大片私有土地,庄园5.elevation: n. [singular]a height above the level of the sea 海拔6.spectacular: adj. very impressive and exciting 壮观的,精彩的,引人注目的7.vantage point: a good position from which you can see something (能观察某物的)有利位置Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get down to work. As the committee in charge of this year's tree-planting project, we have several items on our agenda. First, we have to review the budget. The president has informed me that the trustees have set aside $3,000 for the purchase of trees and our environmental T-shirt sale netted a profit of $1,500. Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees. As you know, we're working with Richardson's Nursery again this year since everyone seemed pleased with the work he did for us last year. Mr. Richardson has presented us with several choices within our price range that he thinks would meet our needs. He's sent us pictures of the trees for us to look at, but he wanted me to tell you that we're welcome to visit the nursery if we want to see the trees themselves. Lastly, we need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemorate the planting. Several ideas, including a garden party of some sort, have been suggested. So let's get on with it and turn to the first order of business.【生词摘录】1.item: n. [C]a single thing, especially part of a list, group, or set (尤指清单上、一群或一组事物中的)一项;一件;一条2.trustee: n. [C]a member of a group that controls the money of a company,college, or other organization(公司、学院等的)理事,董事会成员: v. especially AmE to earn a particular amount of money as a profit aftertax has been paid 【尤美】获得净收入,净赚4.finalize: v. to finish the last part of a plan, business deal etc 使(计划、交易等)确定,最后定下5.nursery: n. [C]a place where plants and trees are grown and sold 苗圃(garden center, BrE)Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatchers will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof, able to withstand heavy winds and last up to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of a roof with reeds or straw. Our thatchers here have harvested their own natural materials for the job, the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn. Thatching is certainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess that's why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In the seventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use. It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. That's because straw and reeds are so flexible. They bend but don't break in the wind like other materials can. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. And then, of course, there's the roofs' longevity—the average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again, wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?【生词摘录】1.thatcher: n. [C]someone skilled in making a roof from plant stalks orfoliage 盖屋顶者2.barn: n. [C]a large farm building for storing crops, or for keeping animalsin 谷仓,粮秣房,仓库,牲口棚;informal a large, plain building 【非正式】空荡荡的大房子3.withstand: v. to be strong enough to remain unharmed by something suchas great heat or cold, great pressure etc 耐得住,承受住(酷热、严寒、高压等)4.in a nutshell: spoken used when you are stating the main facts aboutsomething in a short, clear way 【口】一言以蔽之,简括地说,用一句话概括5.beam: n. [C]a long heavy piece of wood or metal used in building houses,bridges etc 梁,横梁6.rafter: n. [C usually plural]one of the large sloping pieces of wood that formthe structure of a roof 椽7.skeleton: n. [C]the most important parts of something, to which moredetail can be added later 骨架,框架;梗概,纲要8.reed: n. [C]a type of tall plant like grass that grows in wet places 芦苇9.straw: n. [U]the dried stems of wheat or similar plants that are used foranimals to sleep on, and for making things such as baskets, mats etc 秸秆(如麦秆等)10.c olonist: n. [C]someone who settles in a new colony 开拓殖民地的居民,拓殖者11.s hingle: n. [C]one of many small thin pieces of building materials,especially wood, used to cover a roof or wall(覆盖屋顶或墙用的)木瓦;屋面板;墙面板12.s late: n. [U]a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces 板岩,板石13.c lay: n. [U]heavy sticky soil that can be used for making pots, bricks etc黏土14.t ile: n. [C]a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used forcovering roofs, floors etc(屋顶、地板等上用的)瓷砖,地砖15.l ongevity: n. [U]formal long life 【正式】长寿;technical the length of aperson or animal’s life【术语】(人或动物的)寿命A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees, known as "gourmet coffees" into the American market. Boston seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they're engaged in a kind of "coffee war" with Boston's merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly, the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmet coffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow, to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5-million-dollar market and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.【生词摘录】1.premium: adj. of high quality 高级的,优质的2.blended: adj. combined or mixed together so that the constituent parts areindistinguishable 混合的3.gourmet: n. [C]someone who knows a lot about food and wine and whoenjoys good food and wine 美食家4.birthplace: n. [C usually singular]the place where someone was born,especially someone famous (尤指名人的)出生地;the place where something first started to happen or exist 发源地,发祥地You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions that most photographers considered too difficult. He took them at night, in the rain, and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he continued these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane. What Stieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life: make photography an art. He felt that photography could be just as good a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I'm sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?"【生词摘录】1.experiment: v. to try various ideas, methods etc to see whether they willwork or what effect they will have 试验;试用2.skyscraper: n. [C]a very tall modern city building 摩天大楼3.identical: adj. exactly the same 完全相同的[+to]4.capture: v. to succeed in showing or describing a situation or feeling usingwords or pictures(用语言或图片)记录下5.retouch: v. to improve a picture or photograph by painting over marks ormaking other small changes描绘,润色(图画、照片)。
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IBT托福听力再次整理版2005年11月8日1 地理学中dating technology,讲一种牛的测年代的办法,然后用西部grand cayon的沙子其实是通过河流和风来自美国东部一个A什么山脉。
2 讲古时候一个地方的人的使用石头工具之类的,建的房子出口在roof,没有门窗。
3 到图书馆借参考资料,类似模考中借参考书。
这回是将一个女同学借关于文学方面的文章。
管理员问了些有关这个assignment的背景以帮助这同学找书,又推荐说可以看electric copy。
女同学很惊讶。
然后说要用computer 来查。
后面问题会问为什么女同学倾向用computer 查,要仔细听,我有些没听懂。
4 比较两种同类动物的习性来看环境对动物习性的影响。
有一个题是问为什么要选这两种动物。
大家在开头要听清。
2005年12月2日1 学生和老师谈papers的内容该写什么, 觉得没什么好写的, 然后讲了自己找的两了recourse(双选题). 老师说要focus我们所学的. 后面好象就好听了.2 讲music, R AGTIME. 讲它的起源,特征,发展. 建议GOOGLE搜一下相关介绍, 不用听都能答题了.3 暂时想不起来了.4 对话: MM手机没交费,被停机了. 说要交$50 reconnection fee, MM说没钱, GG 后来说念在处犯, 只要MM今天把所欠的费用和late charge都交了, 明天手机就能又通了.5 没听懂的一个, 讲一种PAINT 的具体画法.建议仔细听吧.6 plant 和forest fire的关系. 举了两个例子.一个是pine, 不长下面的branch, 防止被ground fire 烧了. 另一个例子是ash tree, 说它还能从forest fire受益, 因为其seed 可以更好生长.2005年12月3日1 a 为什么会有些非常大的昆虫存在于C*** PERIOD, 先讲这些昆虫的标本不一定具代表性. 另一些人认为与昆虫的呼吸方式有关. 讲了昆虫怎么样呼吸,C**PERIOD的大气高压及多氧,造成大的昆虫的出现.有一只远古的INSECT很大,I NSECT由于呼吸器官与MAMMAL不一样,一般不能大,但远古氧气多,这种INSECT呼吸管子大,所以体型大b内容是Paleontology(古生物,明天看到这个词就要记得是这题)。
讲一个古代的insect,它有很大的size,它的身体结构特殊,有很大的空腔,可以利于air进入,为什么会有这些非常大的昆虫存在于Carbonperi od, 有人认为那个时期的氧气多,气压大。
(还有其他的一些观点我听得不清楚)问题:lecture 的main idear;为什么这些昆虫可以活在Carbonperiod?2 学生在写论文,所借的书已经想图书馆要求了extension,但仍要求归还,原因是书被called.于是管理员答应给免费复印所需的章节.但学生没有带书过来.因为没还书,所以不能借新书3 学生写PAPER,查到很多资料,无从下手,问教授.教授给建议4 eching是一种形式的painting,讲怎样ec hing. (问题有问步骤)5 晒海盐的方法,用池子一级级晒2005年12月16日1 学生找教授讨论他写的小说,老师针对其中的问题提出建议:应该多用简单词汇,缩短每个人每次说话的长度,减少对角色的想法的解释,学会对自己的小说进行删改。
教授还指出,即使再好的作家也要对自己写的小说进行多次的删改。
2 介绍了一个欧洲作家,这个作家喜欢描写自然的东西(鸟,动物,普通人的生活)。
人们把他形容成romantic,但是事实上他和真正romantic的不同,这里的romantic指的是人们的情感的流露后者说是像poem一样的东西。
整体认为此作家的作品非常的好!3 介绍生物群体中的等级制度。
生物群落中有很重的等级观念。
有的物种是由一个首领控制,其他的动物都听首领的。
另一种物种是分级控制,也就是高级别的管低级别的(举了一种动物,那个单词没听懂)。
但是统治者的地位有可能有季节性,比如说鹿,当他的鹿角没有了,他的统治地位也就没有了(一个问题)。
统治者的地位常常受到威胁,很多下属成熟了之后就会挑战统治者(比如说猴子,一个问题)。
当统治者有很多优势,可以获得更好的食物和栖息地(一个问题)。
但是也有不利的方面,当有外界的危险时,统治者就必须出面解决问题,这可能也是他们所不愿意的(一个问题)。
4学生丢了钱包,里边有ID card,找管理员要求补办。
管理员告诉她如果要进入这个办理卡的办公室需要首先出示带有照片的身份证明(PASSPORT,DRIVER LICENSE)。
但是她的全部都丢失了,PASSPORT在宿舍内,但由于没有ID CARD,宿舍也不让她进。
最后管理员让她提供了ID CARD的号码,从电脑中找到了她的信息,得以办理。
另外,meal card也丢了,管理员说可以同时解决。
5学生与学校TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION部门STAFF的对话,该学生的电话费过期没有交,结果发现电话被学校给断了。
管理人员要她缴纳50元的RE-CONNECTION FEE 但是妹妹说没有钱,另外车子还坏了,需要花钱修。
希望能够不交这个费用。
最后管理人员说由于这是初犯,可以不交这个RE-CONNECTION FEE,只要将没交的电话费已经过期费用交了就可以了。
6 Journalism。
讲美国新闻杂志的发展,谈到一个survey,研究发现人们更加喜欢看娱乐类或比较生活化的新闻,不喜欢一些交通事故或者杀人放火之类的新闻内容,(政治类的喜欢不喜欢我忘记了,这个有考,问题里面有political news,所以大家听的时候几下来),最后还讲杂志社为了吸引消费者,提出了哪些措施,如加入一些图片,增加天气信息等,其中有个女生说报纸加上各种颜色可以吸引读者,但是教授似乎提出一个事实说明,彩色报纸并没有真正的增加读者者的数目。
2005年12月17日1 学生计算机的computer power button坏了,已经送修,想来这里看看修理进程,并询问一下多少钱。
店员告诉他,需要3-4天才能修好,因为店里没有这个零件,要去总店进货,已经打电话预定了。
并且,店员也已经帮他查过其他的店,都没有这种零件,因为他的机型不是特别大众型的。
学生很着急,因为写paper急用电脑,后来想起他姐姐有台电脑不用了,想把上面的button拆下来装上。
店员让他尽快弄清楚这样是否可行,因为关系到是否要取消零件的订单。
2 讲美国历史,因为railroad的普及,带动美国各方面尤其是经济方面的发展(主要讲了制造业),一开始还用启发示的教学强调了火车的好处。
3 讲北极熊,包括它所属的种类(是marine animal,而不是熊,有题目),毛的颜色为啥是白的(有人说是为了跟雪的颜色一致,保护自己,但教授说北极熊活动的时候是极夜,否定上面的观点,强调白毛主要是为了在极昼时多反光,别让阳光灼伤),怎样保暖,冬眠的习惯(walking hiber nation,不算真正的“冬眠”,只是在退毛),用什么捕食(长鼻子,尤其是snout很灵敏,有题目)。
4 教授看到学生很吃惊,因为他们约的是下午见,学生早上就去了。
教授先表扬了学生有个作业做得不错,问学生有什么事。
学生要求将一篇paper延期交,因为他要打工,挣学费,还要负担他弟弟的学费,很忙。
教授一开始不太同意,后来见学生言辞肯切,同意让他延到周五交,说希望学生不会让她失望。
5 讲欧洲印刷业的发展,强调一种创新(发明)的产生可以催生多种新技术的产生,期间提到欧洲对图书的需求(说是因为发明了眼镜,所以大家读书的时间变长了),还提到了中国人发明了纸(听到chinese这个词觉得好亲切!)。
6 讲对海底火山的探测活动。
首先说明海底压力大,一般探测器不行,用声纳可以探测海底的地形。
后来又讲由于海底火山的活动,使随着河流注入海中的盐分发生变化,形成metal(?有点记不清了),产生黑色的烟雾。
2006年1月21日1 要选major了。
女生找英语老师说,我喜欢你的课,但是我英语不大好,怎么办。
选你还是选生物?老师说,你好像还行啊。
选你喜欢的。
女生:这……老师:我以前还想选兽医呢!学生:哦……。
但是我爸妈说了,英语专业不好找工作啊。
他们要我读生物。
老师:这。
学生:那么我以后白天lab晚上上英语课,双专业!老师:好吧。
你去问系主任吧。
2 Protostar。
首先是很多灰尘聚在一起,然后慢慢质量加重。
核心的质量增加->内部压力增加->温度增加。
最后fusion,以发光的方式发射能量,变成star。
但是变成star有一个重要条件:magnetic field减弱(还是消失,忘记了)。
因为如果引力场不塌缩的话,不会有能量逃得出来。
也就不会发光成为星星。
3 reproduction of plants. 讲的是需要别人帮助才能繁殖的植物.一般是蜜蜂蝴蝶什么的.达尔文认为蜜蜂采蜜,蜜蜂拿到了蜜,植物可以被繁殖,两方面都有benefit,这种情况才会发生.但是现在发现蜜蜂没有拿到蜜,而植物却可以得到被帮助繁殖的事情.因为有种花,叫XXX(什么篮啊紫啊的~)可以发甜气味但没有蜜.蜜蜂就会过来,虽然蜜蜂也很聪明,第二次就不会上当,但是还是会跑到另一朵相同种类的花去被骗,因为这种花每朵都有不同的气味.需要帮助才能繁殖的植物分两种传粉,一是SELF传粉,就是自己家和自己家的配种.还有就是CROSS传粉,是自己家和别人家。
CROSS比较好因为可以吸收两家的长处,而补充短处.有的花有时会故意全部不分泌蜜,蜜蜂看没蜜了就跑到别的种类的花去找蜜了.这样子就可以CROSS传了.4 某男要去书店买书,此时开学已然一周多。
被批评那么晚才买书。
然后被郁闷的告知书已卖完。
一:去town里的那个大书店看看。
二:你和那老师谈谈,可以让老师到这里来订一本,因为规定学生不能订。
三:去海报栏贴广告,看谁正好要卖。
5 经济模式有4种:pure competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly。
pure competition:农作物的买卖。
monopoly:完全垄断。
取决于卖家之间的联系而非一定要只有一家公司提供此产品。
比如一个地区的水电公司或者一个杂货店(倘若没有别的杂货店)。
monopolistic competition 和oligopoly:举了汽车产业和鞋子产业的例子。
具体哪个对应哪个忘记了。
6 自画像.以前的名画家画自画像,过了几百年后大家看的时候都好象他们还在生一样.现在你们(教授问学生)谁有自画像?(我猜是自画像,但是他说是自己拍自己照片,不能有别人在照片里).同学门都说没有,因为觉得好想很show off.自我感觉很好的样子.教授讲了两个出名的艺术家.一个是用鲜明的色彩,制造出名人效果.像漫画一样.这个人说在将来每个人都可以15分钟就可以变名人.还有一个是把自己穿成五十年代的明星,让人觉得认识却又想不起来是谁.7 学生去老师办公室想做volunteer,因为老师需要volunteers做一个project。