Design and Application of Building Fire Safety Monitor System
Technical description
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIONaccompanying the main architectural-constructiondesignfor the typical small station buildingThe main architectural-construction design for the typical small station building has been made in full accordance with the conceptual design accepted by the Investor.The building covers a net area of 975.7 square meters. The function and character of the building have preconditioned the length of 73.26 m. This length has been visually neutralized by spatial division of the building into several segments of varying height and width as well as by colour application on the facade. The facade diversity related to height has been achieved partly by different parapet height, and partly by different construction height. The construction height varies from 4.00 m in the lowest part up to 10.21m at the highest point, which consists of a semi-cylinder which penetrates through the central part of the building and presents the dominant area in the silhouette of the building acting thereby psychologically as an orientation towards the access place, i.e. points out the position of the passenger lounge. At the same time it also serves the purpose of passenger lounge lighting. There is a railway platform roof on the platform side along the whole length of the building and has a construction height of 5.20 m. However, the actual height varies following the building. The facade division is accentuated also by colour application, whereby individual segments are nuanced in contrast to the basic white facade colour. The exterior of the wall is of stocked artificial stone 4 cm thick. The facade has a minimum of relievo plastics in the shape of pilaster and arches. The golden cut has been applied for arch proportion dimensioning (1 : 1.618). The openings on the facade have been performed in constructions of anodized aluminium and have been glazed with security glass of 10 mm or threefold thermal insulation glass ( 4 + 3 + 3 mm), with blue stopsol on the outside and in full accordancewith the attached charts. The main access stairway has been done in a combination of granite and cast terrazzo while the rest of the outside stairways and part of the platform covered by the railway platform roof are lined with cast terrazzo.The building skeleton construction is of reinforced concrete, with posts 20/20 cm with basic grid 6.0 x 6.0m. The exterior filling consists of a sandwich wall 48 cm thick (hollow block 20 cm + thermal insulation 8 cm + full block 20 cm). The interior walls are made of blocks 20 cm thick in the technical section, and in the management block the Richter system of prefabricated plaster cardboard block walls has been applied. Its thickness being 10 cm. The foundation is continuous and spot footing of dimensions as per static calculation placed on a gravel layer 10 cm thick. The floor consists of unreinforced concrete slab 14 cm thick, hydroinsulation 1 cm, reinforced concrete slab of 10 cm and a final layer which changes depending on the purpose of the facilities (granite, ceramic tiles, cast terazzo and PVC antistatic), and is 5 cm thick. The roof block is full concrete 18 cm thick and with a semi-cylinder 15 cm thick. The building is dilated in two places between axes 5 and 5a i.e. 10 and 10a with a dilatation of 5cm width.The building is functionally divided into three entities. The first entity consists of the public part intended for the passengers. It occupies the central position with respect to the building itself. It consists of the passenger lounge which is separated from the exterior with windshields (entrance hall), and which serves at the same time as a waiting room. It also includes a snack bar which is directed towards the platforms and is not physically separated, but is just spacewise thrust a little to the side. The intimacy of this area is pointed out besides the mild separation in the psychological sense also by the suspended ceiling which occurs only in this place in the central part. The accentuated height of the passenger lounge and waiting room in this place is reduced to the pleasant 3.30m. Access to the luggage chek-in, ticket counter and information has also been provided for from the passenger lounge and waiting room. This entityincludes also: a post office, police, prayer room with the accompanying facilities. Next to the snack bar there is a storage. The passenger toilet-block is separated by a short corridor and resolved in accordance with the local customs and culture. Its ventillation has been provided for both in a natural and artificial manner. Within the passenger lounge there are also two prefabricated booths shops newspapers, souvenirs etc. The exit onto the platform is controlled through the system of chips. The height of the central part, looking from the inside varies from 6.56 m on the sides to 10.01 m at the highest point of the semi-cylinder which passes through the middle and the already mentioned 3.30m in the part occupied by the buffet. Natural lighting is provided by big facade windows and the artificial by modern reflectors suspended on four big pillars dominating the area as well as in other ways, however in full accordance with the attached project of electricity (lighting design). The floor, wall and ceiling treatment differs depending on the purpose of the facilities. All representative facilities intended for the public have granite floor. The prayer room, waiting room and snack bar the walls are covered with marble. The other premises within this entity which are in the function of providing services for the passengers (ticket counter, post office, luggage chek-in and police) have a floor made of ceramic tiles. The walls are plastered, smoothened and painted in mineral colours. The ceilings are suspended-type Armstrong, and in the passenger toilet-block-type Haunter Douglas is applied, while the ceilings have maintained the full height in the premise with the ticket counter, the prayer room and the police premises, for the purpose of the aesthetics of the facade and the design of openings, they are plastered, smoothened and painted in mineral colours. The height of the suspended ceilings varies and the precise presentation has been given in the suspended ceilings plan. The air-conditioning of this area has been provided for by the system of central air-conditioning.The second entity of the station is the management block. It is located in the right wing of the building looking from the main access facade and has a separate official entrancecontrolled by the porter’s service. The disposition of the official premises is such that it makes possible full control and provision of services to the passengers. The offices are arranged in two lines with a corridor between them. The premises of the traffic control, the train personnel, the coach inspector, the first aid and police are facing the platforms, while the premises of the station manager, deputy manager, the secretariat, the file storage and accounting are directed towards the access facade. The corridor between the offices gets part of the natural lighting through the overlight placed throughout its length. The interior openings are made of solid fir wood. The detailed descriptions are given in the attached charts of joiners and locks. The floors are treated in all premises with ceramic tiles and the walls are plastered, smoothened and painted in mineral colours. The ceilings are suspended-type Armstrong, and in the staff’s toilet–type Hunter Douglas. The height varies from 2.82 m to 3.03 m. The precise presentation is given in the plan of the suspended ceilings. The construction height of this part of the station is 4.00 m. The air-conditioning in the offices is provided by the system of central air-conditioning and there is also the possibility of natural ventillation.The third entity is the technical block. It is located in the left wing of the building looking from the direction of the access. The official entrance into the technical section is also separated from the main entrance. The construction height of this part of the station is also 4.00 m. This block consists of the premises and equipment necessary for the operation of the building (telecommunication, relay, stand-by, battery room, diesel, transformer station). The floors are of cast terrazzo in the technical block, except for the staff’s toilet and the battery room, where it is of ceramic tiles and the telecommunication premise where the floor is made of cast PVC antistatic. The cableduct in the floor of some premises are covered by sheet metal covers in the same level with the floor. The detailed lay-out of the ducts and the chart with the cable distribution are given in the respective design. Wall covering in the battery room and the staff’stoilet is in ceramic tiles, with full floor height (up to the ceiling), and in all other rooms walls are plastered smoothened and painted in mineral colours. The ceiling is plastered, smoothened and painted in mineral colours in all premises, while in the telecommunication, relay and stand-by premises the ceiling is suspended-type Armstrong, as well in the staff’s toilet-type Haunter Douglas. The lay-out of the heights is given in the plan of the suspended ceilings. The premises of the transformer station and diesel are separated and sound insulated from the surrounding area. Vehicle access is also made possible to these systems. The door of the premises of the transformer station, diesel and the exterior door of the battery room is made of steel profiles lined with pickled flat sheet metal 1.2 mm thick and have shutters. The facade windows of this section are fixed for security reasons. Detailed descriptions of these openings are given in the attached charts of joiners and locks. The sensitive equipment of the technical block is additionally protected, besides its own protection by central air-conditioning of the whole block.The machine systems which provide the central air-conditioning system are located on the roof of the building. The air-conditioning system consists of two parts thus the machine systems are placed on two opposite sides of the roof of the building. In that part there is a parapet 188 cm high, and it visually fully covers the machines which are of a significantly lower height. The connection with the roof and access to these devices is provided by an iron steps attached on the side of the facade of the building and is secured from unauthorized use. The roof itself is flat and passable except for the central part where the semi-cylinder is located. It is covered with flat concrete blocks 40/40/3 cm in cement mortar 2 cm thick as the final layer of the flat roof. The other layers on the roof block consist of the inclination layer made of thermal insulation concrete 8-32 cm thick, hydro insulation in combination of coatings and layers 1 cm thick, cement screed as hydro insulation protection 3 cm thick and the already mentioned blocks as the final layer. The roof layers as well as all the other layers onthe building are presented in the attached details. The water draining from the roof is resolved via copper gutters 150 mm.Note-this is a project of a typical small station building, with no precisse location reference points, so all the level heights presented in these drawings are relative heights, and they are to be transformed into absolute level heights following the precise measures of the location of the station building. For this reason the landscaping around the building, i.e. the position of the parking lot, the taxi bay, the water tank, the septic tank and vehicle access to the technical block and platform are given on a conceptual level.Belgrade,January 2000. NenadRajković,dipl.ing.arch.。
建筑材料英文单词
【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】 【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】 【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】【Timber 木材】【Metallic Materials 金属材料】 【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】【Building Hardware 建筑五金】 【Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语【Discipline 专业】【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】 【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】 【Drafting 制图】a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据计划建议书 planning proposals设计任务书 design order标准规范standards and codes条件图 information drawing设计基础资料 basic data for design工艺流程图 process flowchart工程地质资料 engineering geological data原始资料 original data设计进度 schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段方案 scheme, draft草图 sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion谈判 negotiation可行性研究 feasibility study初步设计 preliminary design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design询价图 enquiry drawing施工图 working drawing, construction drawing竣工图 as built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件日照 sunshine风玫瑰 wind rose主导风向 prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速 maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载 wind load最大(平均)降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning 飓风 hurricane台风 typhoon旋风 cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量 annual rainfall湿球温度 wet bulb temperature干球温度 dry bulb temperature冰冻期 frost period冰冻线 frost line冰冻区 frost zone室外计算温度 calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区 region with heating provision 不采暖地区 region without heating provision绝对大气压 absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度 relative humidityd. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室 office服务用房 service room换班室 shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室 living room浴室 bathroom淋浴间 shower更衣室 locker room厕所 lavatory门厅 lobby诊室 clinic工作间 workshop电气开关室 switchroom走廊 corridor档案室 archive电梯机房 lift motor room车库 garage清洁间 cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room 会议室 meeting room衣柜间 ward robe暖风间 H.V.A.C room饭店 restaurant餐厅 canteen, dining room厨房 kitchen入口 entrance接待处 reception area会计室 accountant room秘书室 secretary room电气室 electrical room控制室 control room工长室 foreman office开关柜室 switch gear前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生产区 production area马达控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room化验室 laboratory room经理室 manager room披 屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室 guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水线 water-shed二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐沟 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管 downspout, rain waterpipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积 catchment area泛水 flashing内排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior drainage滴水 drip屋面排水 roof drainage找平层 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檩条 purlin屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board防水层 water-proof course检查孔 inspection hole人孔 manhole吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗帘盒) cornicef. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)砖墙 brick wall砌块墙 block wall清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙 rendered wall石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙 hollow brick wall承重墙 bearing wall非承重墙 non-bearing wall纵墙 longitudinal wall横墙 transverse wall外墙 external (exterior) wall内墙 internal (interior) wall填充墙 filler wall防火墙 fire wall窗间墙 wall between window空心墙 cavity wall压顶 coping圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断 glazed wall防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮阳板 sunshade阳台 balcony伸缩缝 expansion joint沉降缝 settlement joint抗震缝 seismic joint复合夹心板 sandwich board压型单板 corrugated single steel plate 外墙板 cladding panel复合板 composite panel轻质隔断 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪 grade地面和楼面 ground and floor素土夯实 rammed earth炉渣夯实 tamped cinder填土 filled earth回填土夯实 tamped backfill垫层 bedding course, blinding面层 covering, finish结合层 bonding (binding) course找平层 leveling course素水泥浆结合层 neat cement binding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面 cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面 machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring马赛克地面 mosaic flooring瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring油地毡地面 linoleum flooring预制水磨 石地面 precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring 搁栅 joist硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring 防酸地面 acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo 地面做2％坡 floor with 2% slope集水沟 gully集水口 gulley排水沟 drainage trench沟盖板 trench cover活动盖板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻边 hole up stand电缆沟 cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door镶板门 panelled door夹板门 plywood door铝合金门 aluminum alloy door卷帘门 roller shutter door弹簧门 swing door推拉门 sliding door平开门 side-hung door折叠门 folding door旋转门 revolving door玻璃门 glazed door密闭门 air-Tight door保温门 thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门 galvanized steel wire mesh door防火门 fire door(大门上的)小门 wicket门框 door frame门扇 door leaf门洞 door opening结构开洞 structural opening单扇门 single door双扇门 double door疏散门 emergency door纱门 screen door门槛 door sill门过梁 door lintel上冒头 top rail下冒头 bottom rail门边木 stile门樘侧料 side jumb槽口 notch木窗 wooden window钢窗 steel window铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑钢窗 plastic steel window空腹钢窗 hollow steel window固定窗 fixed window平开窗 side-hung window推拉窗 sliding window气窗 transom上悬窗 top-hung window中悬窗 center-pivoted window下悬窗 hopper window活动百叶窗 adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer window密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing 钢筋混凝土过梁 reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel 窗扇 casement sash窗台 window sill窗台板 window board窗中梃 mullion窗横木 mutin窗边木 stile压缝条 cover mould窗帘盒 curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴 pivot长脚铰链 parliament hinge闭门器 door closer地弹簧 floor closer插销 bolt门锁 door lock拉手 pull链条 chain门钩 door hanger碰球 ball latch窗钩 window catch暗插销 insert bolt电动开关器 electric opener平板玻璃 plate glass夹丝玻璃 wire glass透明玻璃 clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃 polished glass着色玻璃 pigmented glass玻璃瓦 glass tile玻璃砖 glass block有机玻璃 organic glassI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯 stair楼梯间 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair) 吊车梯 crane ladder直爬梯 vertical ladder踏步 step扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)踏步板 tread档步板 riser踏步宽度 tread width防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)栏杆 railing (balustrade)平台栏杆 platform railing吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole 扶手 handrail梯段高度 height of flight防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage) 平台 landing (platform)操作平台 operating platform装卸平台 platform for loading & unloading楼梯平台 stair landing客梯 passenger lift货梯 goods lift客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift液压电梯 hydraulic lift自动扶梯 escalator观光电梯 observation elevator电梯机房 lift mortar room电梯坑 lift pit电梯井道 lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦红砖 red brick粘土砖 clay brick瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖 fire brick空心砖 hollow brick面砖 facing brick地板砖 flooring tile缸砖 clinkery brick马赛克 mosaic陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石 石膏 gypsum大理石 marble汉白玉 white marble花岗岩 granite碎石 crushed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩 pearlite水磨石 terrazzo卵石 cobble砾石 gravel粗砂 course sand中砂 medium sand细砂 fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement白水泥 white cement水泥砂浆 cement mortar石灰砂浆 lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar保温砂浆 thermal mortar防水砂浆 water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar 麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar灰缝 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete炉渣混凝土 cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石 granitic plaster斩假石 artificial stone刷浆 lime wash可赛银 casein大白浆 white wash麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base 喷大白浆两道 sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆 cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰 lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材 asphalt felt沥青填料 asphalt filler沥青胶泥 asphalt grout冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum石棉板 asbestos sheet石棉纤维 asbestos fiber Timber 木材裂缝 crack透裂 split环裂 shake干缩 shrinkage翘曲 warping原木 log圆木 round timber方木 square timber板材 plank木条 batten板条 lath木板 board红松 red pine白松 white pine落叶松 deciduous pine 云杉 spruce柏木 cypress白杨 white poplar桦木 birch冷杉 fir栎木 oak榴木 willow榆木 elm杉木 cedar柚木 teak樟木 camphor wood防腐处理的木材 preservative-treated lumber胶合板 plywood三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood企口板 tongued and grooved board层夹板 laminated plank胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber 纤维板 fiber-board竹子 bambooMetallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属 ferrous metal圆钢 steelbBar方钢 square steel扁钢 steel strap,flat steel型钢 steel section (shape)槽钢 channel角钢 angle steel等边角钢 equal-leg angle不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle工字钢 I-beam宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢 light gauge cold-formed steel shape热轧 hot-rolled冷轧 cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷压 cold-pressed合金钢 alloy steel钛合金 titanium alloy不锈钢 stainless steel竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar 变形钢筋 deformed bar光圆钢筋 plain round bar钢板 steel plate薄钢板 thin steel plate低碳钢 low carbon steel冷弯 cold bending钢管 steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe黑铁管 iron pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 铸铁 cast iron生铁 pig iron熟铁 wrought iron镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire钢丝网 steel wire mesh多孔金属网 expanded metal锰钢 managanese steel高强度合金钢 high strength alloy steel Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金 gold白金 platinum铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze银 silver铝 aluminum铅 leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龙 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate聚苯乙烯 polystyrene丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin乙烯基酯 vinyl ester橡胶内衬 rubber lining氯丁橡胶 neoprene沥青漆 bitumen paint环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer防锈漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint水玻璃 sodium silicate树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂 epoxy resinBuilding Hardware 建筑五金钉子 nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail 环纹石膏板钉 annular-ring gypsum board nail螺丝 screws平头螺丝 flat-head screw螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial bolt高强螺栓 high strength bolt预埋螺栓 insert bolt胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt垫片 washerPaint 油漆底漆 primer防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint调和漆 mixed paint无光漆 flat paint透明漆 varnish银粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油 drying oil稀释剂 thinner焦油 tar沥青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹 red lead铅油 lead oil腻子 puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语Discipline 专业建筑 architecture土木 civil给排水 water supply and drainage总图 plot plan采暖通风 H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)电力供应 electric power supply电气照明 electric lighting电讯 telecommunication仪表 instrument热力供应 heat power supply动力 mechanical power工艺 process technology管道 pipingConventional Terms 一般通用名词建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architectural style民用建筑 civil architecture城市建筑 urban architecture农村建筑 rural architecture农业建筑 farm building工业建筑 industrial building重工业的 heavy industrial轻工业的 light industrial古代建筑 ancient architecture现代建筑 modern architecture标准化建筑 standardized buildings 附属建筑 auxiliary buildings城市规划 city planning厂区内 within site厂区外 offsite封闭式 closed type开敞式 open type半开敞式 semi-open type模数制 modular system单位造价 unit cost概算 preliminary estimate承包商 constructor, contractor 现场 site扩建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水 water-proof防尘 dust-proof防锈 rust-proof车流量 traffic volume货流量 freight traffic volume 人流量 pedestrian volume透视图 perspective drawing建筑模型 building model Architectural Physics 建筑物理 照明 illumination照度 degree of illumination 亮度 brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting 光强 light intensity侧光 side light顶光 top light眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth辐射 radiation对流 convection传导 conduction遮阳 sun-shade保温 thermal insulation恒温 constant temperature恒湿 constant humidity噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音 sound absorption露点 dew point隔汽 vapor-proofName Of Professional role 职务名称 项目经理 project manager (PM)设计经理 design manager首席建筑师 principal architect总工程师 chief engineer土木工程师 civil engineer工艺工程师 process engineer电气工程师 electrical engineer机械工程师 mechanical engineer计划工程师 planning engineer助理工程师 assistant engineer实习生 probationer专家 specialist, expert制图员 draftsman技术员 technicianDrafting 制图总说明 general specification工程说明 project specification采用标准规范目录 list of standards and specification adopted图纸目录 list of drawings平面图 plan局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale ．．．平面示意图 schematic plan of... ．．．平剖面图 sectional plan of... 留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes剖面 section纵剖面 longitudinal section横剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透视图 perspective drawing侧立面 side elevation背立面 back elevation详图 detail drawings典型节点 typical detail节点号 detail No.首页 front page图纸目录及说明 list of contents and description图例 legend示意图 diagram草图 sketch荷载简图 load diagram流程示意图 flow diagram标准图 standard drawing．．．布置图 layout of ...地形图 topographical map土方工程图 earth-work drawing展开图 developed drawing模板图 formwork drawing配筋 arrangement of reinforcement表格 tables工程进度表 working schedule技术经济指标 technical and economical index建、构筑物一览表 list of buildings and structures编号 coding序列号 serial No.行和栏 rows and columns备注 remarks等级 grade直线 straight Line曲线 curves曲折线 zigzag line虚线 dotted line实线 solid line影线 hatching line点划线 dot and dash line 轴线 axis等高线 contour Line中心线 center Line双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola切线 tangent Line尺寸线 dimension Line园形 round环形 annular方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四边形 parallelogram 三角形 triangle五角形 pentagon六角形 hexagon八角形 octagon梯形 trapezoid圆圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形的 spherical抛物面 paraboloid圆锥形 cone椭圆形 ellipse, oblong面积 area体积 volume容量 capacity重量 weight质量 mass力 force米 meter厘米 centimeter毫米 millimeter公顷 hectate牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter 英尺 foot英寸 inch磅 pound吨 ton加仑 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸 average dimension变尺寸 variable dimension外形尺寸 overall dimension展开尺寸 developed dimension内径 inside diameter外径 outside diameter净重 net weight毛重 gross weight数量 quantity百分比 percentage净空 clearance净高 headroom净距 clear distance净跨 clear span截面尺寸 sectional dimension 开间 bay进深 depth单跨 single span双跨 double span多跨 multi-span标高 elevation, level绝对标高 absolute elevation 设计标高 designed elevation 室外地面标高 ground elevation 室内地面标高 floor elevation 柱网 column grid坐标 coordinate厂区占地 site area使用面积 usable area辅助面积 service area通道面积 passage area管架 pipe rack管廊 pipeline gallery架空管线 overhead pipeline排水沟 drain ditch集水坑 sump pit喷泉 fountain地漏 floor drain消火栓 fire hydrant灭火器 fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器 carbon dioxide extinguisher火器 halon extinguisher 卤代烷灭烷灭火。
各专业检索常用英语集锦
生物和环境1. 神经的凋亡Apoptosisi of Neuron2. 肌动蛋白myosin的构象及作用机制The Structure and Function of Myosin3. 钇激光器的发射特性Yb Llaser Radiation Character4. 胰酶分泌素的分泌机制The Secreting Mechanism of Cholecystokinin5. 钙离子在信号传导中的作用The Function of Calcium in Signal Transduction6. 1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶的进化过程The Evolution of Rubisco7. 质谱技术在生物学中的应用Application of Mass Spectrometry in Biology8. PHB的微生物合成The Synthesis of PHB in Bacteria9. HIV-1 的研究Research on HIV-110.STA T信号通路在人体免疫系统的作用The Function of STA T s (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription)Involving the Human Immunological System11.水处理中的反渗透膜Reverse Osmosis in Water Treatment12.水体富营养化研究Research on Water Eutrophication13.饮用水处理和生产Drinking Water Treatment and Production14.废水中重金属的去除Removal of Heavy Metal in Waste Water15.膜分离技术在废水处理中的应用Membrane T echnology in the Use of Waste Water Treatment16.废塑料的生物降解Biodegradation of Wasted Plastics17.有机化合物的生物降解能力的确定方法The Method for the Determination of the Biodegradability of Organic Compounds 18.TiO2光催化氧化技术在环境工程中应用Application of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis in Environmental Engineering 19.包装材料的回收利用Reuse (Recycle) of Packaging Materials20.水处理中氮的去除The Removal of Nitrogen in Water-treatment21.污水的生物处理Biological Treatment of Waste Water22.催化还原法去除废气中的氮氧化物(NOx)The Catalytic Processes to Reduce Nitrogen Oxide in Waste Gases23.大气质量模型Atmosphere Environmental Quality Model24.挥发性有机物的测量The Measurement of the V olatile Organic Chemicals25.UASB在废水处理中的应用Application of UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) Reactor for the Treatment of Waste Water26.纺织工业废水中染料的去除The Removal of the Dyes from Waste Water of T extile Industry27.复合PCR技术在基因重组中的应用Multiplex PCR in Genetic Rearrangement28.含多环芳香烃废水对环境的污染The Pollution of Waste Water Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons29.高效生物反应器的发展Development of High Performance Biotreator30.应用高效液相色谱纯化生物分子Purification of Biomolecules by HPLC (High-performance Liquid Chromatography) 31.蓝藻中的膜脂成分分析Analysis of Membrane Lipids in Cyanobacteria32.b-amyloid 在老年痴呆症中对神经的作用Function of b-amyloid on Neuron in Alzheimer's Disease33.小鼠胚胎干细胞的培养Cultivation of Embryonic Stem Cells in Mice34.基质金属蛋白酶的抑制Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)35.生物医用亲合吸附剂的研究进展Progress in biomedical affinity adsorbent36.面向环境的土壤磷素测定与表征方法研究进展Review on environmental oriented soil phosphorus testing procedure andinterpreting method37.海水养殖对沿岸生态环境影响的研究进展Review on effects of mariculture on coastal environment38.造纸清洁生产的研究进展Recent studies on cleaning production in paper industry39.深度氧化技术处理有机废水的研究进展Progress on treatment of organic wastewater by advances oxidation processes 40.折流式厌氧反应器（ABR）的研究进展Research advances in anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR)41.膜生物反应器中膜污染研究进展Study progress on the fouling of membrane in membrane bioreactor42.用于水和废水处理的混凝剂和絮凝剂的研究进展Progress on development and application of coagulants and flocculent in water and wastewater treatment43.二氢异香豆素类天然物的研究进展Development of studies on 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins in nature44.天然二萜酚类化合物研究进展Recent advances in the research on natural phenolic diterpenoids45.大气污染化学研究进展Progress in atmospheric chemistry of air pollution46.砷形态分析方法研究进展Development of methods for arsenic speciation47.复合污染的研究进展Advance in the study on compounded pollutions48.生物处理含氯代脂肪烃废水的研究进展Progress in research on the biological treatment of wastewater containingchlorinated aliphatics49.重金属生物吸附剂的应用研究现状Application conditions of heavy metal biosorbent50.两液相培养中有机溶剂对细胞毒性的研究进展Advances in studies on effects of toxicity of organic solvents on cells化学和化工1. 纳米材料的进展及其在塑料中的应用rogress and application of nano-materials in plastics2. 聚硅氯化铝（PASC）混凝剂的混凝特性The Coagulation Property of Polyaluminum Silicate Chlorate (PASC)3. 碳纳米管的制备与研究Preparations and studies of carbon nanotubes4. 纳米材料的制备及其发展动态Synthesis and development of nanosized materials5. 铁（III）核苷酸配位化合物与转铁蛋白的相互作用The interaction between ferric nucleotide coordination compounds and transferrin 6. 原位时间分辨拉曼光谱研究电化学氧化还原和吸附过程In-situ time resolved Raman spectroscopic studied on electrochemical oxidation-reduction and adsorption7. 苯胺电化学聚合机理的研究Study on the mechanism of electrochemical polymerization of aniline8. 沸石新材料研究进展Evolution of novel zeolite materials9. 聚合物共混相容性研究进展Research progress in compatibility of polymer blends10.聚酰亚胺LB膜研究进展Recent advances in polymide langmuir-blodgett films11.聚胺酯液晶研究进展The advances in LC-polyurethanes12.热塑性IPN研究进展及相结构理论Advances in thermoplastic IPN and morphological studies13.酞菁类聚合物功能材料研究进展Progresses in functional materials of phthalocyanine polymers14.有机硒化学研究进展Study progress in organoselenium chemisty15.杯芳烃研究进展Research progress in calixarene chemistry16.木素生物降解的研究进展Research progresses on lignin biodegradation17.甲烷直接催化转化制取芳烃的研究进展Progress research on direct catalytic conversion of methane to aromatics 18.铝基复合材料连接研究进展Advance in joining aluminum metal matrix composites19.现代天然香料提取技术的研究进展New development of the extraction from natural fragrance and flavour20.电泳涂料的研究进展Progress of study on electrodeposition coatings21.防静电涂料研究进展Research progress in antistatic coatings22.壳聚糖开发与应用研究进展Progress in research on the application and production of chitosan23.塑料薄膜防雾化技术的研究进展Research progress of anti-fogging technologies for plastics films24.膜反应器在催化反应中的研究进展Progress in study of films reactors for catalytical reactions25.表面活性剂对结晶过程影响的研究进展The development of studies on the influence of surfactants on crystallization 26.液晶复合分离膜及其研究进展Advances in liquid crystal composite membrane for separation27.高倍吸水树脂研究进展Recent progress in super adsorbent resin28.聚合物光折变的研究进展Progress of the study on photorefractivity in polymers29.微生物聚酯的合成和应用研究进展Progress on the biosynthesis and application of microbial polyesters30.可降解塑料的研究进展Progress in study on degradable plastics31.金属氢研究进展Progress on metallic hydrogen research32.软磁性材料的最新进展Recent advances in hard and soft magnetic materials33.光敏聚酰亚胺的研究进展Development of studies on photosensitive polyimides34.高分子卟啉及其金属配合物的研究进展Advances in polymers of porphyrins and their complexes35.水性聚胺酯研究进展Recent development of waterborne polyurethanes36.C60的研究进展及其在含能材料方面的应用前景Application prospect of C60 in energetic materials37.滤膜溶解富集方法研究进展Progress in investigation of concentration by means of soluble-membrane filter 38.人工晶体研究进展及应用前景The research progress and application prospects of synthetic crystals39.钛硅催化材料的研究进展Development of titanium silicon catalytic materials40.环烯烃聚合物的合成和应用研究进展Progress of polymerization and copolymerization with ethylene of cyclooelfines 41.多孔炭的纳米结构及其解析Nanostructure and analysis of porous carbons42.羰化法合成a-芳基丙酸研究进展Progress in preparation of a-arylpropionic acids through catalytic carbonation 44.组织工程相关生物材料表面工程的研究进展Advances in research on surface engineering of biomaterials for tissueengineering45.表面波在表面活性剂流变学研究中的应用Surface rheological properties of surfactant studied by surface wave technique 46.水溶性高分子聚集行为荧光非辐射能量转移研究进展Development of Fluorescence Nonradiative Energy Transfer in the Research for Aggregation of Water-Soluble Polymers47.两相催化体系中长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应研究进展Advance in the Hydroformylation of Higher Olefin in Two-Phase Catalystic System 48.聚合物膜燃料电池用电催化剂研究进展Progress in the Study of Electrocatalyst for PEMFC49.纳米器件制备的新方法--微接触印刷术New nano-fabrication Method-Microcontact Printing50.智能型水凝胶结构及响应机理的研究进展Recent Development of the Research on the Structure Effects and ResponsiveMechanism of Intelligent Hydrogels51.甲醇蒸馏distillation of methanol电类1. Amplifiers 放大器2. Asynchronous transfer mode(A TM) 异步传输模式3. Aritificial reality 虚拟现实4. Bayesian classification 贝叶斯分类器5. Biped robot 两足机器人6. Cable modem 有线调制解调器7. CDMA mobile communication system 码分多址移动通信系统8. Chaotic neural network 混沌神经网络9. Code optimization 代码优化10. Communication switching 通信交换11. Computer aided design 计算机辅助设计12. Compiler optimisation techniques 编译优化技术13. Computer game design 计算机游戏设计14. Computer graphics 计算机图形学15. Computer network 计算机网络16. Computer simulation 计算机仿真17. Computer vision 计算机视觉18. Continuous speech recognition 连续语音识别19. Corner Detect Operator 边角检测算子20. Database application 数据库应用21. Design of operation system 操作系统设计22. Digital filter 数字滤波器23. Digital image processing 数字图像处理24. Digital integrated circuits 数字集成电路25. Digital satellite communication system 数字卫星通信系统26. Digital signal processing 数字信号处理27. Digital television technology 数字电视技术28. Discrete system simulator programming 离散系统仿真编程29. Distributed interactive learning environment 分布式交互性学习环境30. EDA 数字系统设计自动化31. Electrical vehicles 电动交通工具32. Electricity control system 电力控制系统33. Electromagenetic wave radiation 电磁波辐射34. Face recognition 人脸识别35. Family Automation 家庭自动化36. Fibre bragg gratings 光纤布拉格光栅37. FIR digital filters 有限冲击响应数字滤波器38. Firewall technology 防火墙技术39. Fuzzy control 模糊控制40. Genetic algorithm 遗传算法41. HDTV 高清晰度电视42. High capacity floppy disk 高密度软盘43. High quality speech communication 高质量语音通信44. Image compression 图像压缩45. Image processing and recognition 图像处理和识别46. Image registration 图像配准47. Information retrieval 信息检索48. Intelligent robot 智能机器人49. Intelligent transportation 智能交通50. Internet protocol 因特网协议51. ISDN 综合业务数字网52. Knowledge discovery and data mining 知识发现和数据挖掘53. LAN, MAN and W AN 局域网，城域网和广域网54. Large scale integrated circuits 大规模集成电路55. Laser diode 激光二极管56. Laser measurement 激光测量57. Liner programming 线性规划58. Liner system stability analysis 线性系统稳定性分析59. Local area network security 局域网安全60. Magnetic material and devices 磁介质与设备61. Mass storage systems 海量存储技术62. Microwave devices 微波器件63. Mobile communication systems 移动通信系统64. MOS circuits MOS电路65. Motion control of robot 机器人运动控制66. Multimedia network 多媒体网络67. Network computing and knowledge acquisition 网络计算和知识获取68. Network routing protocol test 网络路由协议测试69. Neural network 神经网络70. Non-linear control 非线性控制71. Optical communication 光通信72. Optical fiber amplifiers 光纤放大器73. Optical hologram storage 光全息存储74. Optical modification 光调制75. Optical sensors 光传感器76. Optical switches 光开关77. Optical waveguides 光波导78. Packet switching technology in networks 网络中的分组交换技术79. Parallel algorithms 并行算法80. Pattern recognition 模式识别81. Photoelectric devices 光电子器件82. Process identificaion 过程辨识83. Programmable DSP chips 可编程数字信号处理芯片84. Programmable logic device 可编程逻辑器件85. Radar antennas 雷达天线86. Radar theory and systems 雷达理论和系统87. RISC architecture 简单指令处理器结构88. Satellite broadcasting 卫星广播89. Self calibration of camera 摄像机自适应校准90. Semiconductor laser 半导体激光器91. Semiconductor quantum well superlattices 半导体量子阱超晶格92. Signal detection and analysis 信号检测和分析93. Signal processing 信号处理94. Software engineering 软件工程95. Solid lasers 固体激光器96. Sound synthesiser 声音合成器97. Speech processing 语音处理98. System architecture design 系统结构设计99. Telecommunication receiving equipment 通信接收设备100. Theory of remote sensing by radar 雷达遥感理论101. Time division multiple access 时分多路访问102. Unix operating system Unix操作系统103. Video encoding and decoding 视频编解码104. Video telecommunication system 视频通信系统105. Wavelength division multiplexing 波分复用106. Wavelet transform 小波变换机械、自动化、物理、力学1. 无电压力传感器Nonelectric Pressure Sensors2. 金属腐蚀Metal Corrosion3. 印刷电路板的设计与制造The Design and Manufactory of Printed Circuit Board4. 分布式操作系统Distributed Operating Systems5. 金属材料的微结构和纳米结构Micro and Nanostructures of metal materials6. 宇宙背景辐射Backgroud Cosmic Radiations7. 非线性规划中的库恩－塔克条件kuhn-Tucker condition in Non-liner Programming8. 气体激光器Gas Laser9. 能量的来源及转化Energy resources and conversion10. 微纳米摩擦学Micro/nano-tribology11. 噪声控制Noise Control12. 空间观测技术Astronomical observation techniques13. 原子钟Atomic Clocks14. 半导体的磁性研究Research for Magnetic of Semiconductors15. 光学图形处理Optical Image Processing16. 液体/气体激光器加工Liquid/Gas Laser Machining17. 太阳能应用Solar Energy Application18. 流动系统中的混沌现象Chaos in Flowing Systems19. 半导体材料及仪器Semiconductor material and devices20. 电场测量研究Electric Field Measurement21. 系统及控制理论Systems and Control Theory22. 机械参量的测试Mechanical variables Measurement23. 光纤Optical Fibres24. 机动目标跟踪Tracking of Maneuvering T argets25. 航天技术Aerospace T echnology26. 导弹跟踪控制系统Missile Tracking System27. 液晶显示器件Liquid Crystal Displays28. CMOS 门电路CMOS Gate Circuits29. 图象采样与处理Image Sampling and Processing30. 光逻辑器件Optical Logic Device31. 信号发生器Signal Generator32. 蛋白质晶体测量Measurement of Protein Crystal Growth33. 有线电视Cables T elevision34. 震动与控制系统Vibration and Control System35. 高压输电系统的安全性研究Stability of High-voltage Power TransmissionSystem36. 电荷Electric Charge37. 电子显微镜及电子光学应用Electron Microscopes an Optics Applications38. 辐射的影响The Effect of Radiation39. 电化学传感器测试装置Electronchemical Sensors T esting Equipment40. 爱因斯坦－麦克斯韦场Einstein-Maxwell Fields41. 柔性角度传感器在生物力学中的应用Biomechanical Application of Flesible Angular Sensor42. 压电材料及应用装置Piezoelectric Materials and Devices43. 超导材料及其应用Superconducting Materials and The Applications of Them44. 光学干涉Optical Interferometry45. 表面测量Surface Measurement46. 等离子体中的电磁波Electromagnetic Waves in Plasma47. 半导体激光器Semiconductor lasers48. 数字人脸辨识Digital Face Recognition49. 光波导Optical Waveguides Theory50. 机械波检测技术Mechanical Waves T esting technology51. 激光调制技术Laser beam Modulation T echnology52. 只读内存Read-only Memory53. 光学显微镜Optical Microscopy54. 光纤位移测量传感器F－O displacement sensors55. 激光扫描Laser Scanners56. 量子论与量子场论Quantum Theory and Quantum Field Theory57. 流体机械Fluid Mechanics58. 地球引力Earth Gravity59. 自动控制系统Automatic Control System60. 静电线性加速器Electrostatic and Linear Accelerators61. 专家系统与网络接口Expert Systems and Network Interface62. 计算机辅助制造Computer aided Manufacture63. 全息存储Holography Storage64. 核能在中国的前景The Future of Nuclear Energy in China65. 机器人运动学和动力学分析The Kinematics an Dynamics of Robots66. 合成材料制品Composite Materials Preparations67. 光的吸收Light Absorption68. 自适应控制系统Self-adjusting Control Systems69. 通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems70. 数字信号处理芯片Digital Signal Processing Chips71. 虚拟制造Virtual Manufacturing72. 雷达遥感Remote Sensing by Radar73. 晶格理论与点阵统计学Lattice Theory and Statistics74. 面向对象程序设计Object-Oriented Program Development75. 单片机应用及其外围设备The Applications of SCP and Outer Equipment76. 生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering77. 彩色电视设备Color T elevision78. 陶瓷－金属复合材料Ceramics-metallisation Composite Metallisation79. 电子信号的检测与处理Electronic Signal Detection and Processing80. X射线望远镜X- ray T elescope81. 基于网络的分时控制系统Time-varying Control System Based on Network82. 收音机信号传输Radio Broadcasting83. 单壁炭纳米管合成Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis84. 无损检测Nondestructive T esting85. 汽车工业Automobile Industry86. 半导体材料与身体健康Semiconductor Materials and Health Physics87. 热辐射Heat Radiation88. 网络拓扑学Network T opology89. 微波的应用The Application of Microwave90. 局域网的设计The Design of Local Area Networks91. 金属元素表面结构Surface Structure of Metallic Elements92. 多媒体系统网络集成Network Synthesis of Multimedia Systems93. 铁氧体微波吸收材料Ferrite Microwave Absorbing Materials94. 炭纤维增强塑料复合材料Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composite95. 超导材料Superconducting Materials96. 远程定位水质控制Remote and On-site System for Water Quality Control97. 太阳能电力系统Solar Energy Power System98. 卫星接收系统Satellite Broadcasting and Relay System99. 时空对称性与守恒定律Symmetry of Space-time and Conservation Laws 100.邮件系统的体系及应用Application and Schemas for Mailbox System。
IIR数字滤波器的原理、设计与应用
本科毕业设计（论文）题目IIR数字滤波器原理、设计方法和应用系别物理与电子工程学院年级09级专业电子信息工程班级1604091 学号160409126学生朱涛指导教师职称论文提交日期2014-9-26常熟理工学院本科毕业设计(论文)诚信承诺书本人重声明：所呈交的本科毕业设计(论文)，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。
除文中已经注明引用的容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。
本人签名：日期：常熟理工学院本科毕业设计(论文)使用授权说明本人完全了解常熟理工学院有关收集、保留和使用毕业设计(论文)的规定，即：本科生在校期间进行毕业设计(论文)工作的知识产权单位属常熟理工学院。
学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许毕业设计(论文)被查阅和借阅；学校可以将毕业设计(论文)的全部或部分容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编毕业设计（论文），并且本人电子文档和纸质论文的容相一致。
的毕业设计(论文)在解密后遵守此规定。
本人签名：日期：导师签名：日期：IIR 数字滤波器的原理、设计与应用摘要本文首先介绍了数字滤波器的基本结构特点和表示方法，阐述无限冲激响应(IIR)数字滤波器的结构特点，如直接I型、直接II型IIR滤波器以及级联型和并联型IIR滤波器结构，接着介绍IIR滤波器的设计问题，从模拟滤波器设计IIR数字滤波器、利用脉冲响应不变法和双线性变换法设计IIR滤波器，最后利用MATLAB的fadtool工具设计典型的IIR数字滤波器，并通过编程和滤波器函数调用实现多种频率混叠信号的低通、带通、高通滤波和降噪处理，对比结果分析了滤波器的性能。
论文从IIR数字滤波器原理、设计到应用思路开展课题工作，通过理论学习和编程操作，加深了对IIR数字滤波器设计和数字信号处理技术的理解，完成了课题任务，实现了课题的目的和意义。
基于LMS自适应滤波的心电信提取
数字信号处理课程报告题目：基于LMS自适应滤波在胎儿心电监护中的应用仿真院系：专业：姓名：学号：摘要自适应数字滤波器和维纳滤波器一样，都是符合某种准则的最佳滤波器。
维纳滤波器的参数是固定的，适用于平稳随机信号的最佳滤波。
在实际设计中，常常无法知道输入信号是否平稳以及信号和噪声统计分布规律，且统计特性还会变化，因此实现最佳滤波是困难的。
1967年Widrow等人提出自适应滤波器的设计方法，它的参数可以自动地按照某种准则调整到最佳滤波，实现时不需要任何关于信号和噪声的先验统计知识，尤其当输入统计特性变化时，自适应滤波器都能调整自身的参数来满足最佳滤波器的需要。
1975年，威德诺（B.Widrow）和Hof提出的最小均方(LMS )算法，是用梯度的估计值代替梯度的精确值，这种算法简单易行，获得了广泛的应用，对自适应技术的发展起了极大的作用。
本论文主要是基于LMS自适应滤波在胎儿心电监护中的应用仿真。
通过简要阐述自适应滤波器和LMS的相关原理，结合胎儿心电监护的应用，在MATLAB的平台上使用自适应滤波器的方法从母婴混合心电信号中提取纯净胎儿信号并绘出图谱。
通过仿真结果，分析几个参数（步长、滤波器阶数）对实验结果的影响，进一步加深对自适应滤波和LMS的学习理解。
关键词：自适应数字滤波器；最佳滤波器；威德诺；最小均方算法；梯度；胎儿心电监护； MATLABABSTRACTThe adaptive digital filter and Wiener filter are the best filters to meet some criteria. The parameters of the Wiener filter are fixed, and are suitable for the optimal filtering of stationary random signals. In practice, it is often difficult to know whether the input signal is stationary and the signal and noise statistics distribution law, and the statistical characteristics will change, so it is difficult to achieve the best filter. In 1967, Widrow et al proposed the designmethod of the adaptive filter. Its parameters can be adjusted to the best filter automatically according to some criterion. The adaptive filter can adjust its parameters to meet the needs of the optimal filter. In 1975, the least mean square (LMS) algorithm proposed by Widno (B.Widrow) and Hof is the exact value of the gradient. This algorithm is simple and easy to operate. It has been widely used and has a great effect on the development of adaptive technology. This thesis is based on the application of LMS adaptive filter in fetal ECG monitoring. In this paper, the principle of adaptive filter and LMS is introduced, and the application of fetal ECG monitoring is introduced. The method of adaptive filter is used in the MATLAB platform to extract pure fetal signal and draw the map from the mixed ECG signal. Through the simulation results, the effects of several parameters (step size and filter order) on the experimental results are analyzed, and the learning and understanding of the adaptive filter and LMS is further deepened. Keywords:Adaptive digital filter; filter; weed Connaught; least mean square algorithm; gradient; fetal ECG monitoring; MATLAB目录第一章绪论 (1)1.1 自适应滤波器的原理 (1)1.2 自适应滤波算法 (2)第二章胎儿心电监护应用仿真 (5)2.1 概述 (5)2.2 实验步骤及程序 (6)2.3 实验仿真结果与分析 (9)2.3.1实验仿真结果 (9)2.3.2 实验结果分析 (9)结束语 (10)第一章绪论1.1 自适应滤波器的原理所谓的自适应滤波，就是利用前一时刻以获得的滤波器参数的结果，自动的调节现时刻的滤波器参数，以适应信号和噪声未知的或随时间变化的统计特性，从而实现最优滤波。
建筑学常见英语词汇
建筑学常用英文词汇a. design basis 设计依据计划建议书planning proposals [prə’pəʊz（ə）l］设计任务书design order标准规范standards and codes条件图information drawing设计基础资料basic data for design工艺流程图process flowchart工程地质资料engineering geological data原始资料original [ə'rɪdʒənl］data设计进度schedule ['skɛdʒul] of designb. stage of design 设计阶段方案scheme [skiːm]，draft草图sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion谈判negotiation [nɪ,ɡoʃɪ'eʃən］可行性研究feasibility ［fiːzɪ’bɪlɪtɪ] study初步设计preliminary [prɪ'lɪmɪn（ə）rɪ] design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design询价图enquiry [ɪn'kwaɪrɪ］drawing施工图working drawing，construction drawing竣工图as-built drawingc. climate condition 气象条件日照sunshine风玫瑰wind rose主导风向prevailing ［prɪ’veɪlɪŋ］wind direction最大（平均)风速maximum （mean) wind velocity ［vɪ’lɒsɪtɪ]风荷载wind load最大（平均)降雨量maximum （mean）rainfall雷击及闪电thunder and lightning飓风hurricane ［hʌrɪˌken］台风typhoon ［taɪ'fuːn］旋风cyclone ［’saɪklon]降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量annual [’ænjuəl］rainfall湿球温度wet bulb temperature干球温度dry bulb temperature冰冻期frost ［frɔst］period冰冻线frost line冰冻区frost zone室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区region with heating provision [prə'vɪʒn］不采暖地区region without heating provision绝对大气压absolute atmospheric [，ætməs’fɛrɪk］pressure 相对湿度relative humidityd。
数字通信中的多抽样率信号处理中英文翻译（部分）
数字通信中的多抽样率信号处理中英⽂翻译（部分）Multirate Signal Processing Concepts in Digital CommunicationsBojan VrceljIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree ofDoctor of PhilosophyCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California2004 (Submitted June 2, 2003)AbstractMultirate systems are building blocks commonly used in digital signal processing (DSP). Their function is to alter the rate of the discrete-time signals, which is achieved by adding or deleting a portion of the signal samples. Multirate systems play a central role in many areas of signal processing, such as filter bank theory and multiresolution theory. They are essential in various standard signal processing techniques such as signal analysis, denoising, compression and so forth. During the last decade, however, they have increasingly found applications in new and emerging areas of signal processing, as well as in several neighboring disciplines such as digital communications.The main contribution of this thesis is aimed towards better understanding of multirate systems and their use in modern communication systems. To this end, we first study a property of linear systems appearing in certain multirate structures. This property is called biorthogonal partnership and represents a terminology introduced recently to address a need for a descriptive term for such class of filters. In the thesis we especially focus on the extensions of this simple idea to the case of vector signals (MIMO biorthogonal partners) and to accommodate for nonintegral decimation ratios (fractional biorthogonal partners).Some of the main results developed here pertain to a better understanding of the biorthogonal partner relationship. These include the conditions for the existence of stable and of finite impulse response (FIR) biorthogonal partners. A major result that we establish states that under some generally mild conditions, MIMO and fractional biorthogonal partners exist. Moreover, when they exist, FIR solutions are not unique. We develop the parameterization of FIR solutions, which makes the search for the best partner in a given application analytically tractable. This proves very useful in the central application of biorthogonal partners, namely, channel equalization in digital communications with signal oversampling at the receiver. Sampling the received signal at a rate higher than that defined by the transmitter provides some flexibility in the design of the equalizer. A good channel equalizer in this context is one that helps neutralize the distortion on the signal introduced by the channel propagation but not at the expense of amplifying the channel noise. This presents the rationale behind the partner design problem which is formulated and solved. Theperformance of such equalizers is then compared to several other equalization methods by computer simulations. These findings point to the conclusion that the communication system performance can be improved at the expense of an increased implementational cost of the receiver.While the multirate DSP in the aforementioned communication systems serves to provide additional degrees of freedom in the design of the receiver, another important class of multirate structures is used at the transmitter side in order to introduce the redundancy in the data stream. This redundancy generally serves to facilitate the equalization process by forcing certain structure on the transmitted signal. If the channel is unknown, this procedure helps to identify it; if the channel is ill-conditioned, additional redundancy helpsVavoid severe noise amplification at the receiver, and so forth. In the second part of the thesis, we focus on this second group of multirate systems, derive some of their properties and introduce certain improvements of the communication systems in question.We first consider the transmission systems that introduce the redundancy in the form of a cyclic prefix. The examples of such systems include the discrete multitone (DMT) and the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The cyclic prefix insertion helps to effectively divide the channel in a certain number of nonoverlaping frequency bands. We study the problem of signal precoding in such systems that serves to adjust the signal properties in order to fully take advantage of the channel and noise properties across different bands. Our ultimate goal is to improve the overall system performance by minimizing the noise power at the receiver. The special case of our general solution corresponds to the white channel noise and the best precoder under these circumstances simply performs the optimal power allocation.Finally, we study a different class of communication systems with induced signal redundancy, namely, the multiuser systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA). We specifically focus on the special class of CDMA systems called `a mutually orthogonal usercode receiver' (AMOUR). These systems use the transmission redundancy to facilitate the user separation at the receiver regardless of the (different) communication channels. While the method also guarantees the existence of the zero-forcing equalizers irrespective of the channel zero locations, the performance of these equalizers can be further improved by exploiting the inherent flexibility in their design. Weshow how to find the best equalizer from the class of zero-forcing solutions and then increase the size of this class by employing alternative sampling strategies at the receiver. Our method retains the separability properties of AMOUR systems while improving their robustness in the noisy environment.Chapter 1 IntroductionThe theory of multirate digital signal processing (DSP) has traditionally been applied to the contexts of filter banks [61], [13], [50] and wavelets [31], [72]. These play a very important role in signal decomposition, analysis, modeling and reconstruction. Many areas of signal processing would be hard to envision without the use of digital filter banks. This is especially true for audio, video and image compression, digital audio processing, signal denoising, adaptive and statistical signal processing. However, multirate DSP has recently found increasing application in digital communications as well. Multirate building blocks are the crucial ingredient in many modern communication systems, for example, the discrete multitone (DMT), digital subscriber line (DSL) and the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems as well as general filter bank precoders, just to name a few. The interested reader is referred to numerous references on these subjects, such as [7]-[9], [17]-[18], [27], [30], [49], [64], [89], etc.This thesis presents a contribution to further understanding of multirate systems and their significance in digital communications. To that end, we introduce some new signal processing concepts and investigate their properties. We also consider some important problems in communications especially those that can be formulated using the multirate methodology. In this introductory chapter, we give a brief overview of the multirate systems and introduce some identities, notations and terminology that will prove useful in the rest of the thesis. Every attempt is made to make the present text as self-contained as possible and the introduction is meant to primarily serve this purpose. While some parts of the thesis, especially those that cover the theory of biorthogonal partners and their extensions provide a rather extensive treatment of the concepts, the material regarding the applications of the multirate theory in communication systems should be viewed as a contribution to a better understanding and by no means the exhaustive treatment of such systems. For a more comprehensive coverage the reader is referred to a range of extensive texts on the subject, for example, [71], [18], [19], [39], [38], [53], etc.1.1 Multirate systems 1.1.1 Basic building blocks The signals of interest in digital signal processing are discrete sequences of real or complex numbers denoted by x(n), y(n), etc. The sequence x(n) is often obtained by sampling a continuous-time signal x c(t). The majority of natural signals (like the audio signal reaching our ears or the optical signal reaching our eyes) are continuous-time. However, in order to facilitate their processing using DSP techniques, they need to be sampled and converted to digital signals. This conversion also includes signal quantization, i.e.,discretization in amplitude, however in practice it is safe to assume that the amplitude of x(n) can be any real or complexSignal processing analysis is often simplified by considering the frequency domain representation of signals and systems. Commonly used alternative representations of x(n) are its z-transform X (z) and the discrete-time Fourier transform X (O'). The z-transform is defined as X(z) = E _.x(n)z-"', and X (e j") is nothing but X(z) evaluated on the unit circle z = e3".Multirate DSP systems are usually composed of three basic building blocks, operating on a discrete-time signal x(n). Those are the linear time invariant (LTI) filter, the decimator and the expander. An LTI filter, like the one shown in Fig.1.1, is characterized by its impulse response h(n), or equivalently by its z-transform (also called the transfer function) H(z). Examples of the M-fold decimator and expander for M = 2 are shown in Fig.1.2. The rate of the signal at the output of an expander is M times higher than the rate at its input, while the converse is true for decimators. That is why the systems containing expanders and decimators are called `multirate' systems. Fig.1.2 demonstrates the behavior of the decimator andthe expander in both the time and the frequency domains.XE(z) = [X (z)]IM XD(z) = [X (z)]iM = X(z M)1 M-1 1 j2 k =M E X(z e n a)k=0for M-fold expander, and (1.1)for M-fold decimator. (1.2)The systems shown in Figs.1.1 and 1.2 operate on scalar signals and thus are called single input-single output (SISO) systems. The extensions to the case of vector signals are ratherstraightforward: the decimation and the expansion are performed on each element separately. The corresponding vector sequence decimators/expanders are denoted within square boxes in block diagrams. In Fig.1.3 this is demonstrated for vector expanders. The LTI systems operating on vector signals are called multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) systems and they are characterized by a (possibly rectangular) matrix transfer function H(z).1.1.2 Some multirate definitions and identitiesThe vector signals are sometimes obtained from the corresponding scalar signals by blocking. Conversely, the scalar signals can be recovered from the vector signals by unblocking. The blocking/unblocking operations can be defined using the delay or the advance chains [61], thus leading to two similar definitions. One way of defining these operations is shown in Fig.1.4, while the other is obtained trivially by switching the delay and the advance operators. Instead of drawing the complete delay/advance chain structure, we often use the simplified block notation as in Fig.1.4. It is usually clear from the context which of the two definitions数字通信中的多抽样率信号处理Bojan Vrcelj博⼠学位论⽂加州技术学会Pasadena, 加州2004 (委托于2003.6.2)摘要多抽样率系统普遍是被运⽤在处理数字信号⽅⾯。
fir数字滤波器设计流程
fir数字滤波器设计流程Designing a fir数字滤波器 can be a challenging yet rewarding process. It requires a combination of mathematical knowledge, signal processing skills, and creativity.设计fir数字滤波器可能是一个具有挑战性但有意义的过程。
它需要数学知识、信号处理技巧和创造力的结合。
One of the first steps in designing a fir数字滤波器 is to define the specifications of the filter. This includes determining the passband and stopband frequencies, as well as the desired level of attenuation in the stopband.设计fir数字滤波器的第一步是定义滤波器的规格。
这包括确定通带和阻带频率，以及在阻带中所需的衰减级别。
Once the specifications are defined, the next step is to choose a suitable filter type. There are various types of fir数字滤波器, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The choice of filter type will depend on the specific requirements of the application.一旦规格被定义，接下来的步骤是选择一个合适的滤波器类型。
有各种类型的fir数字滤波器，每种都有其优缺点。
滤波器类型的选择将取决于应用的具体要求。
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Design and Application of Building Fire Safety Monitor SystemAbstract: Fire has not only leaded progress and civilization for our society, but also caused disaster and suffering or calamity. It is a hundred and more years that fire safety have been monitored and controlled. At present, the fire safety is still attracting the attention of world to difficult problem. Fire occurrence frequency is high-rate. Damage caused by fire is much more. Life and property was threatened directly by fire disaster. In recent several years, the construction market in our country is very flourishing. The more popular the high-building especially intelligent construct, the stricter must be the requirement of construct fire safety monitor system. With the development of science and technology, especially semiconductor technique, computer network technique, information dispose technique and with the application of artificial intelligent theory, to develop new generation intelligent fire safety monitor system is becoming more and more mature. This paper discusses and designs a new model intelligent construct fire safety monitor system. The system consists of fire intelligent detector, fire alarm controller, interlocking-control device and fire single transmission line. Chip microprocessor 80c51 is adapted the hardware core of the system. Two-bus wire monitor method is used in methods of fire safety explore sensor. In the interior of chip microprocessor 80c51, artificial intelligent dispose technique and methods is introduced in software system. And monitor system runs stable and reliable.Keywords: fire safety; monitor system; fire detector; chip microprocessor 80c51; two-bus wire1 IntroductionAs some material statistics, there were 254811 cases fire occurred in our country last year. 2497 people were killed and 3098 people were injured in those fire cases. The damage caused by those fire cases was exceeded directly 15.9 hundred million RMB. But in the first two months of 2004, these were more fire cases occurred in all the country. Caused death 28 fire cases occurred continuously in our country in the three days between 13th Feb and 15th Feb and 140 people were killed. Just in 15th Feb, only one day these were two extraordinarily fire cased occurred in the Jilin and Zhejiang provinces, caused 93 people death and injured 73 people. At present, the fire safety is still attracting the attention of world to difficult problem. Fire occurrence frequency is high-rate. Damage caused by fire is more. With the rapid development of society economics, high building comes forth continuously. Ingredients contained flammability materials are increasing. And the jeopardy or danger probability is increasingly augmented. With the development of science and technology, the requirement of construct fire safety monitor system is stricter and stricter. M odern times fire monitor and control systems are merged modern times semiconductor technique, computer technique, information dispose technique and artificial intelligent theory [1].According to requirements of application in practice, the problem in conventional fire monitor system was resolved and new function was added in new fire monitor alarm system. From nowadays, the intelligent fire safety monitor system is expressed in the following list aspect: fires intelligent explore and identify and alarm system, fire single intelligent transmission, net works administer of fire safety monitor and control system and so on.This paper is organized as follows. In section 2, fire detector and alarm is introduced and depicted. In section 3, the hardware of intelligent fire safety monitor and alarm system is performed. In section 4, the software of intelligent fire safety monitor and alarm system is presented. The conclusion is made in section 5.2 Fire Detector and Alarm ControllerFire detector and alarm is the foundation and core of the fire safety monitor system. Its function is to perform fire parameters checked and data disposed, and output single of result estimated. The relation input information of was provided to fire protection control system. In the fire monitor control system, fire detector and alarm controller performed this function. At present, fire detectors have mainly three sorts: sense smoke sort, sense temperature sort and sensor light sort. In the course of using these fire detectors, in order to heighten accurateness1499of fire alarm and decrease false alarm, the complex fire detector was adopted in fire detector and alarm monitor system. The complex fire detector includes sense smoke, sense temperature and sensor light. Example, analogy smoke-temperature complex fire detector was developed by Britain GENT Company. The complex fire detector could explore smoke and temperature. Fuzzy ionization smoke detector was developed by ZITON Company. NF-1fire monitor system designed by Japan NITTAN Company was adopted analogy digital ionization smoke detector and photoelectric smoke detector. In recent year, Image-fire detector and air-sample-fire detector have been developed and produced. Those new fire detectors provided new technique methods and thoughts for forecasting or controlling fire in the early-stage fire [2-5].No matter which kind fire detector is adopted in the fire safety monitor system, date or information collected by fire detector is influenced inevitably by uncertainty factors. For example, density and temperature of smog are interfered by all kinds of flow gas. Sensor light fire detector also is interfered by all kinds of lights. Some of interferences are compensated and eliminated. But some of interferences with nonlinear or uncertainly are compensated difficult. That would cause more difficulty in recognizing fire. This difficulty is not resolved by tradition fire monitor alarm control system. It is provided efficient methods that artificial intelligent and recognition applied in the fire recognizing.In the system design, fire explore signal is adopted two–wire bus transmission method. In the foundation of the discrimination explore, fuzzy pattern discrimination algorithm is used in estimating the condition of fire and then corresponding result is presented.3 Functions and Hardware Structure of Fire Monitor Alarm SystemData and information collected by the fire detector is transmitted center monitor system and disposed. And then the control information of the fire protection equipments is commanded by center monitor system. All those are implemented by transmission line. As form the structure of transmission line, two-bus wire is very popular. Two-bus wire is provided power and signal and information. The information collected by the fire detector is modulated and transmitted. Information modulated is demodulated to originality signal and information by receiver in the other end. So two-wire bus requires the hardware and software technology of the transmission line very higher. General method is to install isolated equipment in the two-wire bus. In order to assure normal operation, the connected method of fire detector and center monitor system is adopted ring connected methods (shown in fig.1). So ring-wire bus in the foundation of two-wire bus has emerged. The ring-wire bus made every loop constituted ring-loop. Master chip microprocessor 80c51 may search the same communication address at two ways. And then when malfunction is happened in one point, master chip microprocessor still communicates to the.equipment in the bus line [4-6]3.1 Main Structure of Fire Monitor Alarm System ControllerTwo-wire bus fire monitor alarm system controller is constituted mainly by MCS-51 chip microprocessor. RS-232 is used to connecting center of fire monitor alarm control from the MCS-51 chip microprocessor in the scene of action. The clock chip DS1335 is recorded mainly current time of fire happened. And then data storage could state the fire time data and that could look over randomly. Output interface is employed by programmable I/O interface chip. Because the fire monitor alarm system is received data signal form monitor point and interfered easily, photoelectric component is applied. Technology of two-wire bus coded address and signal transmission is1500introduced in the system design. And the whole system possesses auto-detect fire and auto-distinguish function. Main functions includes fire auto-detect and auto-distinguish, malfunction distinguishes on line and so on. Chip microprocessor-80c51, keyboard, system state indicator, sound-light alarm bus-system, fire detector, communication unit, control unit and etc formed system hardware (shown in Fig.2).3.2 Fire Monitor Alarm System Hardware DesignChip microprocessor-80c51 connects to EPROM program storage and data storage. Timer T0 built in chip microprocessor-80c51 is used as time-counter of control and transmission coded address signal. Chip microprocessor-80c51 samples periodically to coded address. Timer T1 is used as communication of series-interface. And baud rate is 150-byte/s. signals are received by series-interface from main control unit and then interrupt. Fire signal and malfunction signal are disposed of by interrupt server program. Main program scenes periodically keyboard state [1,5-7].P0 of chip microprocessor-80c51 I/O is used as data interface and lower address. P2 is used as high address. P1.2 is used to emit detect signal. And P3.1 is defined as TXD and P3.2 is defined as RXD to receive state signal from upper computer. Sound-light alarm device and exterior control device are controlled by microprocessor through output interface. In order to enhance anti-disturb, logic pulse and logic control pulse is used as negative logic in the hardware circuit. In the input interface, to improve waveform and prevent misinformation, gate circuit is added.MAX202 is adopted as communication interface circuit of RS-232 in fire monitor alarm system. There are two groups communication interface in the interior of MAX202. When fire is happened, command is sent out toward exterior control device by one group communication interface. And fire alarm signal to master control system is emitted by another group. Then corresponding equipments are started by master control system, such as power system, lighting system and ventilation system.Sampling coded address signal is depended on special chip HT12D to receive and special chip HT12E toemit. And choice of coded detector is achieved. Alarm circuit is formed by sound chip KD9561 and power amplifier chip LM385.4 Software Design of Fire Monitor Alarm SystemSoftware design of the fire monitor alarm system is presented as module structure design program, in order todebug convenient and expand easy. Software program of fire monitor alarm system mainly includes the following sub-systems: initialization program, self-examination program, fire detect itineration examination and disposal program, malfunction disposal program, display sub-system program, sound signal control sub system program and so on. Otherwise in the course of software design, timer interrupt functions of microprocessor chip made the best use in the fire monitor alarm system. Software clock is employed in the program design. The configuration of the system is simplified. In order to avoid entering possibly into illegal circulation and program fluxion and the resulting that the system does not work in normal working order, auto-reset circuit is introduced, and then the system is ensured in normal running state. Meanwhile, reliability of system could be enhanced by used software design “trap”program. If microprocessor system were in trouble, CPU of microprocessor chip would visit1501auto-reset circuit at the stated time. And auto-reset circuit would be restarted and malfunction of the system is eliminated [6,7]. Software design flow chart is show in Fig.3.5 ConclusionsFire monitor alarm and control system intelligentized is brought about from the practice of using conventional fire monitor alarm and control system. This system is designed by introducing the technology of computer, communications, and artificial intelligence control algorithm. And all that could make the system functions more perfectibility; meanwhile the system is provided with extendable functions. Extendable functions are connected to another system and center of fire monitor alarm and control system and administration of fire protection. Once fire is occurred in the monitor field, the information of fire data is acquired by the fire monitor alarm and control system immediately. The fire location is displayed in the displayer of the control panel; and then the alarm system is started to work and then the information of the fire is send to fire control center in the location by communication interface circuit of RS-232. In the course of practice, this system credibility and low cost are testified. Abnormal case is not happened in the eleven months when the fire monitor alarm and control system is put into action. In view of the above, the future of this fire monitor alarm system have bright outlook.References[1] Zhao xianbing, Li fangqin, Intelligent Fireproofing Alarm System in the Intelligent Architecture. Engineering CAD andintelligent Architecture, 2000, 6: 51-52[2] Fang jun, Yuan hongyong. Gas Sensor and its Application in Fire Detection. Fire Safety Science, 2002, 7: 180-185[3] Xu qiong,Zhan furu. On the Fire Smoke Detection Technology. Fire Safety Science, 2002, 4: 113-118[4] Xu zhi-qiang. Construction Electricity Design and Technology. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology Press,2002, 7: 191-214[5] Liu jian. Intelligent Architecture W eak Electricity System. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2002, 8: 209-229[6] Hu guowen, Hu naiding. Civil Construction Electric Technology and Design. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2001, 7:408-419[7] Cao linlin, Cao qiaoyuan. Chip Microprocessor Principle and Interface Technology. Changsha: National Defense Science andTechnology University Press, 2000, 3: 238-2641502。