高考英语短文填词(选词填空)真题特色题型分类讲解
2020届高考英语课标全国卷语篇型语法填空解题技巧
语法填空解题技巧一．题型解读考纲称高考英语课标全国卷语篇型语法填空题（共10小题，每小题15分，满分15分）为”英语知识运用第二节”，考纲的目标指示语为：阅读下面短文，在空自处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
语篇型语法填空题的命题目的主要在于考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语言知识的掌情况，着重考查考生的综合语育运用能力。
其“突出语篇、强调应用”的命题思路，不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也体了高中英语课程改革的教学理念二．命题特点1．语篇材料为短文式；短文体裁以记叙文、夹叙夹议文和说明文为主。
2．短文长度在200词左右。
3．选项所考词均属于常用词汇，无超纲词汇，以实词为主。
4．材料话题多为学生所熟知的、积极向上上的、有一定教育意义的、能够传递正能量的题材。
三、解题技巧1．通读全文，把据文章大意考生首先要做的就是通读全文，理解文章大意，为接下来的解题做好语义、语境上的准备。
因为语境决定了空格处要填的是什么意思的词、用什么词性的词、要进行怎样的语法变形等。
2．前题后，先易后难分类对待在对题目进行作答之前，要先对设空前后的内容进行详细地阅读，检查其中是否有提示词存在；而后判断所填词在句子中所充当的成分，如主语、谓语等；最后根据其所充当的句子成分，加之其所处句子的意思和上下文语境等，填入单词的正确形式或填入正确的单词。
例如，动词的现在分词或过去分词，形容词的比较或最高级级等。
做题日时先易后难，遇到一时填不上答案的空，先跳过去，等检查时再重点突破3．准确掌握设题特点，各个突破语法填空题主要有3种设题形式，掌握每一种形式的设题特点，就可以轻松答题(1)不给提示词的题目首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词；然后，根据句意确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。
确定用哪类词可以通过以下方法①在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或资语，一定是填代词或名词（多考代词）例: l can send a message to Jenny in England whenever I want to, and gets there almost in a second解析：and后面的句子缺少主语，故应填名词或代词：面又根据前半句可知，空格处指代的应是 a message，故此处需填代词让it②名前面若没有限定冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词），很可能是填限定词例: It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help rice crop grow up quickly解析：空格后的名词rice前无限定词，故考虑限定词，分析句意可知，此处指的是short-tempered man的庄稼，故填代词his最恰当。
专题30 上海高考词汇填空命题剖析及解题方略(解析版)
►专题30 上海高考词汇填空命题剖析及解题方略_________________________________________________________________________________________考点精讲【考情链接】◆ 近年高考选词文章分析✧选词填空题文体以说明文为主✧题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。
◆ 近年高考选词词汇分析2014年A. alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply2015年A. accessB.alternativesC.designedD. confirmedE. conflictingF. elementsG. functionH.innovativeI.prospectiveJ. separateK. supporting2016年A. accountB. adjustableC. appliancesD. captureE. decorationsF. directG. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze2017年春考A. acknowledgementB. actuallyC. commonlyD. confirmE. consciousF. crackG. eliminateH. independentI. logJ. shortcutK. unimaginative2017年秋考A.aggressivelyB. challengingC. considerableD. establishedE. favorF.initiatedG. locallyH. prioritizingI. sourceJ. transferredK. volume2018年春考2018年秋考✧主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词；✧动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。
第17讲 短文填空(自由填空、首字母填空、杂糅填空、提示词填空、选词填空)
第17讲短文填空题型考向及母题典例考向1：短文自由填空1. 解题步骤：（1）快速浏览，了解大意。
对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；（2）上下求索，填出答案。
根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；（3）通读全文，检查确认。
特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。
（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or 等；（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。
或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。
这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
母题1（2022·广东·统考中考真题）请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Would you like to start your day with a cup of tea? If the answer is 1 , you may have the same habit as many people.You may not know 2 popular tea is. Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the two choices. People like it because it is 3 for their health.Tea is mostly produced 4 Asian countries like China and India. Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5,000 years 5 . At that time, people made tea in a simple way just put fresh tea leaves into hot 6 .Tea wasn’t introduced into Europe until the early 17th century. And now it has 7popular in Europe and America. People there like to 8 tea with sugar or milk in it. As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting 9 important than before.The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020. Since then, people have celebrated10 every year. The Day makes people realize the importance of tea workers and....【答案】1．yes 2．how 3．good 4．in 5．ago 6．water 7．become 8．drink 9．more 10．it【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍茶文化的发展和变化。
高三英语高考热点题型短文填词解题思路
现吨市安达阳光实验学校高考英语热点：题型“短文填词”解题思路一、题型说明1. 形式：替换试卷短文改错题，考查单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。
考生必须在理解短文内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。
2. 选材：符合学生的书面表达水平，短文词数在130左右，共设10小题，第一行不设题，其余每行挖空一处设一题；考查以实词为主，兼顾其他词性。
3. 提示方式：有首字母提示、汉语提示、语境提示，其中首字母提示、汉语提示各3~4个，语境提示2~3个。
每个空格根据提示用一个单词的适当形式填空。
4. 答案的唯一性。
如果出现与答案不同,但符合题目要求的答案也可以接受，具体由阅卷点裁。
每个空格只能填入一个答案，超过一个的，该小题以零分计。
短文填词共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分二、短文填词题八大考点1、名词：可数、不可数，可数名词的单复数形式；特别容易忽略名词的单复数，知道了名词的单复数，有时特别容易拼错，尤其是一些可数名词单复数的特殊变化，以及动名词之间的转换；如：leaf—leave; medium—media; advise—advice, practise—practice; succeed—success;2、动词：时态、语态、非谓语及动词形式的不规则变化；broadcast（broadcast, broadcast）广播 equip（equipped, equipping）装备注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（英语）3、形容词、副词：形容词与副词的区别（也可能考比较级及最）；Simple—simply, fish—fisherman,possible—possibly 可能的, practical—practically 实际的4、数词：主要考序数词。
容易拼错的序数词，如：1. twenty—twentieth,2. ninth第九3. forty4. twelfth第十二5、常见短语的掌握Call on号召，拜访（后接sb）/call in召集/ call at拜访某地; in good health; focus on关注/ concentrate on 集中注意力6、常见从句的掌握，语从句与宾语从句的区别7、同义词的辨析Cloth布料/clothes衣服/clothing衣服总称, celebrate庆祝/ congratulate祝贺, hungry饿/starve饥饿, disturb打搅/bother打扰8、形近易混词的区分quality质量/ quantity数量, similar相似的/familiar熟悉的,adapt适,改编/ adopt收养，采纳三、普遍存在的二大问题首先：单词拼写问题，很多可能知道要填的单词，但拼写往往出错；其次：如何确所填词的词性，有些空确实特别需要注意的是细节的把握：如名词的单复数，动词形式的变化以及词性之间的变换。
高考英语语填常考题型及知识点
高考英语语填常考题型及知识点
高考英语语填常考题型及知识点主要包括以下几个方面：
1. 语法填空：这一题型主要考察学生对英语语法的掌握程度，如时态、语态、虚拟语气、从句等。
2. 词汇用法：这一题型主要考察学生对常用词汇的掌握程度，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。
3. 完形填空：这一题型主要考察学生的阅读理解能力和词汇运用能力，通常会提供一篇短文，然后留下一些空格，让学生根据短文的内容填写合适的词汇。
4. 阅读理解：这一题型主要考察学生的阅读能力和对文章的理解能力，通常会提供一篇或几篇短文，然后回答一些与文章内容相关的问题。
5. 写作：这一题型主要考察学生的写作能力和表达能力，通常会给出一些提示或要求，让学生写一篇短文，如书信、邮件、日记等。
以上就是高考英语语填常考题型及知识点，希望对你有所帮助。
近三年高考英语全国卷II短文填空题考点对比分析
近三年高考英语全国卷II短文填空题考点对比分析摘要:短文填空题重在考查考生通过语境运用语法和词汇知识的能力。
通过对全国卷II高考英语短文填空题的命题特点以及具体考点进行对比分析，总结了近三年短文填空题的考查热点及需要关注的问题，为考生的备考指明了方向。
关键词：高考英语短文填空考点分析短文填空题在高考英语试题中属于第三部分——语言知识运用，主要考查考生对于语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。
此题共10个小题，每小题1.5分，在高考英语150分的试题中占十分之一。
此题突出考查了考生通过语境运用语法和词汇知识的能力，更能客观、准确地考量考生的英语语言知识水平。
因此，要想此题有好的发挥，学好语法，掌握必备词汇知识，注重运用必不可少，这是基础；了解考点，掌握解题技巧，研究考题，把握出题方向，才是确保得分的关键。
一、高考英语短文填空题命题特点高考英语短文填空题就是在一篇200词左右的英语短文中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。
1.短文特点从近三年的考题看，高考英语短文填空题短文材料有以下特点：（1）短文体裁：记叙文居多，也会考到说明文或议论文。
（2）短文题材：题材多样，或体现文化内涵、文化交流，或给人以思考启迪。
（3）短文长度：200词左右。
一般为11到13句话，设10个空，首句句首不设空。
（4）短文难度：中等难度。
没有超出课标的生词，但会出现课标单词的派生词（如2020年的significance，renewal等词）。
2. 命题形式就命题形式而言，主要分为纯空格题和给词填空题两类。
一般而言，纯空格题为3到4个，近三年均为3个；给词填空题为6到7个，近三年均为7个。
3. 答案特点纯空格题：试题题目要求中已经明文规定“在空白处填入1个适当的单词”，即一个题或者一个空格只能填写1个单词。
一般来说，要求填的词都是一些拼写简单的单词。
高中英语考试短文填空解题方法和技巧
高中英语考试短文填空解题方法和技巧一、已给单词提示题型解题方法此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。
单词形式变化主要有两种：词的形、数、式的变化；词的派生变化。
在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。
技巧一：名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例1：There are many students living at school，the _______(child) houses are all far from school.由 students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为 houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child 的复合变化形式——复数的所有格 children 。
’s技巧二：动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词 )。
例 2 ： A talk ________(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的 is 是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。
从 tomorrow 可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是 give 动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用 give 的不定式被动式—— to be given。
技巧三：代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格 )、物主代词 (形容词性和名词性 )、反身代词。
另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one ／n one、other／another等。
例3：The king decided to see the painter by _____(he)．由介词 by 可以看出，横线处应填反身代词 himself。
技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。
高考英语 短文填词(选词填空)真题特色题型分类讲解
一、(2013上海卷)Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As infants, we can recognize our mot hers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the 41 of our mother ’s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It ’s 42 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don ’t learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such as our clothes or cars, is from 46 in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a person ’s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations.该说明文由话题“人类几乎天生就能够辨认人脸”展开去，详细阐述了人类大脑是如何一步步进行人脸识别的。
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一、(2013 上海卷)Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. restoreB. recallC. processingD. previouslyE. necessaryF. locatingG. insteadH. fascinatingI. elsewhereJ.As infants, we can recognize our mot hers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the 41 of our mother ' s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It ' s 42 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don' t learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), whichis used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects suchas our clothes or cars, is from 46 in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a person ' s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations.该说明文由话题“人类几乎天生就能够辨认人脸”展开去，详细阐述了人类大脑是如何一步步进行人脸识别的。
41. 【答案】【J】composition【解析】名词，意为“结构，组成”，这里表示“认出母亲的脸部构成”。
42. 【答案】【H】fascinating【解析】形容词，意为“ 有趣的，迷人的” ，此处为句型“It 's fascinating/interesting/excitingthat/how ⋯”, 表示⋯⋯是如此的有趣。
43. 【答案】【B】recall【解析】动词，意为“回忆，回想”，此处根据常用搭配find it difficult to do sth 得出应选择动词，recall such a simple thing as a phone number 表示“回想出简单的电话号码” 。
44. 【答案】【E】necessary【解析】形容词，“必要的”，此处necessary for facial recognition 作后置定语修饰the specific areas ，表示“识别人脸必要的区域”。
45. 【答案】【F】locate【解析】动词，“定位”。
此处有搭配succeed in sth/doing sth ，故要选择动名词形式。
这里意为“成功定位到一个脑部具体区域FFA”。
46. 【答案】【I 】elsewhere 【解析】副词，“其他地方”。
由上文推断出既然人脸识别是一个专门的区域进行处理，那么此处“对其它物体的识别”自然是大脑中“其它地方”了。
47. 【答案】【D】previously 【解析】副词，“先前的”。
根据上文推断得出人脸识别需要看到整张脸，因此此处的想法“我们只需要看一些脸部特征”是“先前的”。
48. 【答案】【G】instead【解析】副词，“代替，而不是”。
此处根据两句话的意思推断出是转折替代关系，因此选instead 。
49. 【答案】【C】processing 【解析】名词，“处理，进程”。
根据语法推断出此处填名词，由上下文意思得出用p rocessing ，表示“这一复杂的处理过程在瞬间完成”。
二、（2013 福建卷）第一节短文填词（共10小题;每小题1分, 满分10 分）Every individual is a member of a group called the community, and it77. is the duty of every citizen ____ ask what he can do for his community.76. ___A good citizen ___ （ 相信 ） that he should serve the communityand not the community serve h ____ . As students, there are many waysin ____ you can serve the community. Above all, however, you have to79. ___acquire a certain amount of skill and experience b ____ you can be of80. ___service to others. Your school has lots of ___ （ 活动 ） whi ch prepare81. ___you ___ good citizenship. Many school societies train students to82. ___become good citizens who later p ___ in volunteer work and serve the83. ___public in t ____ of need. If you serve your community, you will grow84. _____ to be a good citizen with a strong sense of responsibility.85. ___文章讲述了关于自愿行动、报答社会的话题。
76. 【 答案 】to【解析】考查句型 It is ⋯ to do sth ， it 为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，故填 to。
77. 【答案】 believes【解析】考查主谓一致：主语为 a good citizen 谓语为单数，故填 believes 。
78. 【答案】 him【解析】句意：他应该服务社区，不是社区服务于他。
用 he 的人称代词宾格 him 。
78.79. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。
先行词为ways，定语从句关系词可用in which 。
77.80. 【答案】before解析】考查连词。
在你服务他人之前要学会一些技能和经验。
81. 【答案】activities【解析】考查名词复数。
82. 【答案】for【解析】考查词组：prepare sb for sth83. 【答案】participate【解析】考查短语：participate in84. 【答案】time【解析】考查短语：in time of need 在需要的时候85. 【答案】up【解析】考查短语：grow up三、(2013 广东卷)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16~25 的相应位置上。
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food inthe kitchen. Suddenly, he16 (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “ Go to the villageand buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 17 too little. ”His son looked surprised. “ I can understand why I shouldn ' t pay too much, Father,but if I can pay less,18 not save a bit of money? ”“That would be a very 19 (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.Nick ' s guests, 20 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buysalt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “ The only reason a man would sell salt21 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it. ”“ But such a small thing couldn 't 23 (possible) de stroy a village. ”“ In the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 25 (think) that it was only small and not veryimportant, and look where we have ended up today. ”本文通过Nick 叫儿子去买盐要给合理价格的故事说明，一定要公平对待他人，尊重努力工作的人的汗水和努力。