英语高级视听说下册 unit 2教程文件

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E英语视听说教程2教师手册 Unit 2

Unit 2 Nature speaks PronunciationScripts11 stop2 still3 species4 spring5 skunk6 skull7 strange 8 strawberry21 student2 steal3 spokesman4 spoiled5 skin6 skirt7 strap 8 strategyAnswers21 student2 steal3 spokesman4 spoiled5 skin6 skirt7 strap 8 strategyListening to communicateConversation 1ScriptsJason: Hi, Li Ping. I learned a riddle in Chinese culture class today. It goes like this: What leaves live in the mountains, die in the pot, are stored in the jar and come back to life in the cup?Do you know what leaves they are?Li Ping: Tea leaves, Jason. Do you know that tea leaves have been popular since the Ming and Qing dynasties?Jason: Yeah, my teacher told us that.Li Ping: Besides, tea was first discovered and drunk in China. Here, people have been drinking tea for thousands of years.Jason: Interesting. So, do you drink tea every day?Li Ping: Yes. Tea can keep me healthy and stop me from getting ill.Jason: Nice. I’ve also learned from my teacher that tea culture is an important part of Chinese culture.Li Ping: Correct. On special days, Chinese people use tea to express respect for other people. In daily lives, we simply make a pot of tea and enjoy ourselves.Answers1 1.C 2.B 3.C2 1. stored 2. discovered 3.healthy 4.respectConversation 2ScriptsW: Charles, did you travel from New York to Alaska?M: Yes.W: What is it like going from a big city to a place in the wilderness?M: I really enjoyed it.W: So, you are a person who loves nature.M: Exactly. Actually I had problems when I came back. I missed the silence. Here, there is so much noise all the time, and I just couldn’t stand it.W: I feel the same. I also miss the quietness of the small town where I grew up.M: Neither of us is a city person.W: No. Would you like to move back to Alaska?M: I’d love to. I miss nature.W: I know how it feels. Maybe someday I will move back to the small town where I grew up. It’s a cozy town.M: Sounds good.Answers1 1. A 2. D 3. B22, 6Act-outAnswersConversation 11)I’m sorry to hear that2)I know how it feelsConversation 21)I’m so happy for you2)I understand the pride3)how excited I am for you, tooListening to exploreNews reportScriptsChina has recently included Five-Animal Exercises (Wu Qin Xi) on its list of national cultural heritages.Wu Qin Xi is a set of exercises where people copy the way animals move. The five animals in Wu Qin Xi are tiger, deer, bear, monkey and crane. As part of traditional Chinese martial arts, Wu Qin Xi has a history of nearly 2,000 years. Hua Tuo is widely believed to have developed the first complete set of exercises. These exercises can help people live longer by preventing them fromWu Qin Xi is easy to do, fun to practice, and helps people keep healthy. As a result, it is still practiced today by many people, not only in China, but in many other countries in the world. Answers1 1.D 2. C 3. B2 1. traditional 2. developed 3. longer 4. easyPassage 1ScriptsMichael Jackson, t he “King of Pop”, showed great concern in some of his songs over the problems of nature, including “Earth Song” and “Heal the World”.“Earth Song” was his first song about environment and animal health, happiness and safety. In the MV of “Earth Song”, Michael Jackson sang for the sake of the environment, the wild animals and people’s homes.In “Heal the World”, he expressed his idea that humans should do something good to make up for the bad things they have done to nature.Michael Jackson loved natu re deeply. He once said he could even feel Planet Earth’s pain. That’s why he called on people to protect nature and earth, where we all live, with his huge influence. As a result of his efforts, more and more people have been taking eco-friendly actions. Answers1 1. D 2.B 3.A2 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. FPassage 2ScriptsHumans are often inspired by nature to create modern technology, the science about which is called bionics. It shows that man and nature are closely related to each other.For example, human beings were inspired by birds to build the airplane; radar was invented thanks to bats; fireflies helped people invent brighter bulbs; humans learned to make ships and underwater boats from studying the way fish and dolphins move through water.In addition to animals, plants also act as great inspiration. For example, people drew inspiration from lotus leaves which don’t stick to anything and made paint which doesn’t get wet or dirty; the invention of raincoats came from studying an oak tree.Bionics has played a huge role in man’s daily lives, and people are learning more every day. Humans will possibly be closer to nature in the near future.1 1. A 2. C 3. D2A-4 B-1 C-3 D-2Sharing your ideasKey for reference:What is the invention?AirplaneWho invented it?Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first successful powered and piloted flight in history.When and where was it invented?Near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903.How was it invented?The Wright brothers were fascinated with science and mechanics, and read about aeronautics and decided to pursue their dream of building the world’s first heavier-than-air and controlled airplane. In 1899, they designed their first aircraft, a small and biplane glider flown as a kite. After they made the first successful flight, the Wright brothers continued to develop their fixed-wing flying machines. In 1909, the brothers founded the Wright Company to build and market their airplane.What is it in nature that inspired the invention?Birds in flight. The Wright brothers thought that the key elements of a flying machine were the wings, power lift and control. They had spent a lot of time observing birds in flight, and noticed that when birds soar into the wind, the air flowing over the curved surface of their wings created lift. Birds change the shape of their wings to move and turn skillfully. They believed that they could use this technique.How has it been benefiting humans?The Wrights used science to create one of the greatest cultural forces in human history. It has been benefiting the world greatly: It allows people to see the world and it creates millions of jobs across the globe. It is often the fastest way to get from one place to another, especially when long distances are involved. It helps us save a lot of time, so we can do more things.What are the disadvantages, if any, of the invention?There are flight delays; shorter flights can often take longer than driving, especially if they're not direct; airline travel is costly compared with other methods of travel; it can cause air pollution, thus being not quite eco-friendly.Viewing to knowScriptsSome call me Nature. Others call me Mother Nature. I’ve been here for over four and a halfbil lion years, 22,500 times longer than you. I don’t really need people, but people need me. Yes. Your future depends on me. When I thrive, you thrive. When I falter, you falter, or worse. But I’ve been here for eons. I have fed species greater than you. And I have starved species greater than you. My oceans, my soil, my flowing streams, my forests. They all can take you or leave you. How you choose to live each day, whether you regard or disregard me doesn’t really matter to me. One way or the other, your actions will determine your fate, not mine. I am Nature. I will go on. I am prepared to evolve. Are you?AnswersPre-viewing1 Nature has oceans, soil, streams, rivers, and forests. For humans, almost everything theyneed for survival and thriving is provided by nature: food, water, medicine, materials for shelter, and even natural cycles such as climate. And beyond such physical goods, the natural world provides less tangible, but just as important, gifts in terms of beauty, art, and spirituality.2For the development of human society, especially the development in industry, humans have overused the natural resources and done damage to Nature. Nature is increasingly weakened by human activities. Consequently, the environment is deteriorating day by day. In the whole world, deforestation, climate change, pollution, extinction of animal and plant species are observed. All this, in return, will do harm to human s’ survival.While-viewing1 D2 1 Nature 2 worse3 leave4 determinePost-viewingYes, I agree. To survive, humans should protect Nature. Because of deforestation, climate change, pollution, extinction of animals and plants, it seems that humans have little time left to survive on our dear planet earth. However, it is not too late: Some measures and behaviors can be adopted to protect Nature:∙Conserve water and energy;∙Try to eat locally (and it’s often cheaper);∙Use recyclable shopping bags instead of plastic bags;∙Choose products without plastic packaging;…Further listeningConversationScriptsAndy: I feel sleepy in class, Sophie. But you’re always energetic and you work well. How can you stay that way?Sophie: Nothing special, Andy. I just drink a cup of coffee before class.Andy: Surely coffee can do that!Sophie: Yes. Speaking of coffee, do you know the story about where coffee comes from? It tells usthat coffee can help us stay awake.Andy: Tell me the story.Sophie: OK. Over 1,000 years ago, in Ethiopia, a shepherd named Kaldi discovered that after eating certa in berries, his goats became energetic and active and they couldn’t easily fall asleep at night.Andy: That’s so interesting!Sophie: Yes. Kaldi told some people nearby. Those people made a drink with the berries, and found it kept them awake through the long evenings.Andy: I see.Sophie: You should try it, but don’t drink too much of it!Andy: OK. Thanks.Answers1.D2.D3. CNews reportScriptsThe number of monarch butterflies in Mexico has fallen in recent years. Every autumn, millions of monarch butterflies fly thousands of miles from Canada and the U.S. to Mexico. However, for a number of reasons, these beautiful butterflies may die out. The first reason is changes in the weather during the butterflies’ journey: Cold weather is not good t iming to give birth to butterflies. Second, farmers use herbicide. Herbicide makes adult butterflies less healthy and kills the only kind of food that monarch worms can eat. Third, people cut down trees in the forest for wood in Mexico. This means that some butterflies have fewer places to live. These butterflies will die out unless people in Mexico and other countries do something to help them.Answers1.B2.CPassageScriptsNature often inspires architects and plays an important role in the design of buildings. A famous example is Antoni Gaudí, who expresses naturalism in his designs.Antoni Gaudí, a well-known Spanish architect, often said “originality is returning to the origin”. He believed nature was the origin. He took inspiration from different forms of animals and plants to design buildings. For example, the Church of the Holy Family has the curved lines of natural things like plants. A pillar inside has a tortoise at its base and another one has a turtle, designed to show the relationship between land and sea. Different kinds of natural forms can be seen everywhere in his buildings.He also used natural materials such as stone and iron, to make muscle and bones of animals, such as those of the lizard, in the Park Güell.Answers1.A2.D3. DListening to appreciateScriptsMan and NaturePoet Prasanna KumariAs I walked along the pathCrushing grass under with wrathThat wanted to whisper soundsLeft unsaid beyond boundsAs I rested under the treeOne blue leaf fell on meThat wanted to conspire with lightPlanning future far in sightAs I passed a well-known treeOne blue and blushing smile on meThat brought me back my youthAnd sure, well did it sootheAs I passed the mountain stillStopping wind to play on hillFlirting flower and dancing deerLulling leaves all keep me nearAs the brooding breeze did winkAnd the fading sun did sinkBringing me my memory pastDissolving the moon at lastWhen I left a lasting sighDancing waves did keep me high Answers1) sounds2) future3) sure4) flower5) past。

高级英语视听说教程_第二册__听力文本

Chapter 9 Lecture: Public Education: Philosophy and FundingMost young people in the United States, like most young people around the world, attend public school. Indeed, young people in the U.S. have to attend school because education is compulsory, in most states to the age of sixteen or until the students reach ninth grade.A small percentage of American youth attend private schools, wither religious or secular schools, but the vast majority attend public schools. One distinguishing feature of U.S. public education that surprises many foreigners is that although there are some standardized examinations, there is no nationwide curriculum set by the government ministry of education determines the curriculum that all students study and the examinations that all the students take at a set time. Of course, U.S. students follow a curriculum, and they take examinations as all students do. Although the federal government does influence public education by providing funds to schools for special programs such as education for the handicapped and for bilingual education, the federal government does not determine the curriculum or the examinations. Today I’d like to talk about the three levels of control within each state and then spend some time discussing where the money for education comes from and three issues related to funding.Control of education in the United States is mainly exercised locally at three levels. Let’s begin with the state department of education. The department of education of each of the fifty states has two basic functions. First, each state department of education sets basic curriculum requirements for all the schools in its state. For example, a high school might require four years of English, three years of math, two years of social science, and so forth. The state also sets the number of credits a student must complete in order to graduate from a high school. This total number of credits includes both required courses and electives. So much for the state part in education.The second level of control is the school district. The number of school districts a state has depends on the size of its population and the size of the state. A large metropolitan area would have several school districts. A smaller community might have only one district. Each school district is run by a school board that is elected by the citizens of the district. The school district is responsible for the specific content of courses taught in its schools. In other words, the school district determines what the students will study in each of their, let’s say, four years of high school English. The school district also decides what electives will be available for students. Besides determining course content, the school district is responsible for the operation of the schools in its district, for example, the hiring if teachers and administrators. The third level of control is the individual school itself, where teachers have primary responsibility for deciding how to teach the content of each course and for preparing and giving examinations to the students.Local control of schools may seem very strange to some of you, but it will seem less strange if you consider how public schools in the United States are funded- that is, where money to run the schools comes from. Only about 7 percent of the money comes from the federal government. The rest of the money comes from state and local taxes. The percentages supplied by the state and by the local districts fluctuate over tome and from state to state. Currently appropriately 49 percentage of school funding comes from the states and about 44 percent comes from the local communities, that is, the school districts.Finally, I’d like to discuss three issues related to the funding of schools that have been receiving a lot of attention recently in the United States. The first issue deals with theinequality of educational opportunity that students face. Because public schools are funded to a great degree by local taxes, this means that schools in poorer communities or poorer parts of large cities do not have the same amount of money as schools located in richer communities. This, in turn, means that children from poorer areas are less likely to receive a good education than children from wealthier areas. The second issue, one that has been controversial since the beginning of public education, is the issue of funding for private schools, which are generally run by religious organizations. As you already know, the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution mandates separation of church and state. A little background on the history and development of public education will be useful here.During colonial times, education was largely a religious concern and most schools were supported by religious organizations. However, during the nineteenth century, there was widespread support and acceptance of public education paid for by taxes as the best way to provide equal educational opportunity for all children. Nevertheless, some parents have always chosen to send their children to either private religious schools or private schools devoted to academic excellence. Because private schools are not funded by the government, parents have had to pay tuition to send their children to private schools. People who have wanted to send their children to private schools have long questioned why they should have to pay taxes for public schools at the same time as they pay private tuition for their children’s education.Although this issue is not new, during the last twenty years or so, more parents have become unhappy about what they perceive to be the increasingly secular nature of public education and prefer to send their children to schools where they will receive an education more in line with their religious beliefs. Other parents are concerned about the questionable quality of education in public schools. These concerns have led to efforts by the school system, and the government, to offer alternative educational opportunities, that is, educational choices. Two of the most important responses to these concerns have been charter schools and school vouchers. Both of these alternatives to regular public education are based on the idea that competition in the educational market is a good thing, but otherwise, they differ quite a bit. Charter schools are nonsectarian public schools that compete with regular public for students. Charter schools operate under contract to a sponsor, usually a state or local school board. Charter schools are accountable to their sponsors, the parents who choose to send their children to them, and the public that funds them through their tax money. In turn, charter schools generally have greater autonomy, that is, independence, over selection of teachers, curriculum, resources, and so on, than regular public schools. The first charter schools came into existence toward the end if the 1980s. By 2003, there were 2,695 charter schools with almost 685,000 students enrolled. This was a 15 percent increase over the year 2003, which shows how fast these schools are growing. There are many issues surrounding charter schools, but a study published in 2003 found that charter school students did a little better than their public school counterparts on a standardized exams.The school voucher concept is a much more controversial one than charter schools. The idea behind school vouchers is that the government provides students with a certain amount of money each year that they can use to attend whatever school they choose, public or private. The idea again is that competition will improve the education students receive. Voucher schools in reality are largely private schools, and most often religiously based schools. They are quite different from charter schools, which as public schools are first of all, nonsectarian, that is, not religious. Second, charter schools cannot apply restrictive admission standards, as publicschools do. To date, voucher programs funded by taxpayers are operating in only three U.S. cities, and there are many court battles over the voucher system. Supporters of the voucher system feel very strongly that private schools offer better education than public schools. Those opposed to the voucher system claim that vouchers rob public schools of needed funding and that voucher schools do not truly provide school choice because of restrictive admissions standards, which can include academic performance, religion, sex, and other factors. Opponents of vouchers also strongly believe that using taxpayer funds for private religious schools violates the separation of church and state built into the U.S. Constitution.The third and final issue I’d like to touch on today is also very controversial. I mentioned earlier that United States does not have a nationwide curriculum nor nationwide exams set by the government. However, in the past fifteen or twenty years, there has been an increased emphasis in various states on raising standards and on giving students standardized exams to monitor their progress. The federal government in 2002 passed a sweeping education bill that requires states that wish to receive certain federal funding to develop and put in place extensive testing programs and other systems to ensure adequate yearly progress of students. Although the percentage of funding for schools from the federal government is relatively small, it still represents a lot of money that schools do not want to lose. Some people support this movement toward standardization and accountability in the educational system, while others see it as a dangerous step away from local control of schools.No one can predict the future of public education in the United States, but it appears that emphasis on educational choice and on accountability of educational system for student results will be with us for a long time.Chapter 10 Postsecondary Education: AdmissionsIn this lecture, I’m going to talk to you about postsecondary education in the United States. Today I’ll give you some facts and figures about colleges and universities in the United States and some general information about admission policies. I will also make a few remarks about community colleges and finish up by giving you an idea of what kinds of students make up the student body on a typical U.S. campus.Let’s begin with some facts and figures. The most recent figures I have reveal there are 4,182 public and private four-year and two-year colleges in the United States. These range from full universities with diverse programs to smaller four-year colleges to two-year community colleges. Most of them are accredited, which means the schools meet certain standards set by institutional and private evaluators. When applying to a school, you would probably want to make sure it was accredited. Even though there are more private colleges than public ones, over three-quarters of students, precisely 78 percent, are enrolled at public colleges and universities. Some of the small private schools may have fewer than 100 students, whereas some of the large state university systems may have 50,000 or more students. Most of these schools are coeducational although some of them are primarily for women and others are primarily for men. Some schools may offer only one program of study and others have a great variety of programs. The total cost for attending one of these schools may be less than $5,000 a year or as much as 30 or 40 thousand dollars a year for one of the prestigious private schools. These schools are located all over—in industrial areas, agricultural areas, large cities, and small towns in a wide variety of climates.With such a wide variety of sizes, kinds, and locations of schools, it probably won’t surpriseyou to find out that admissions requirements at these colleges and universities vary greatly also. Some are relatively easy to be admitted to whereas others are highly competitive. However, most schools will ask undergraduate applicants to submit their high school transcripts with a record of their grades and test results from one of the standardized tests regularly offered to high school students. The most common of these standardized exams is the Scholastic Aptitude Test, commonly known as the SAT. Students who are applying to graduate school are usually asked to take other, more specific standardized exams depending on which college they are applying to. For example, some students are required to take the Graduate Record Exam, or the GRE. Students applying to a business college will probably have to take the GMAT, and students applying to law college will have to take the LSAT. You probably know about the TOEFL exam, which most foreign students have to take before being admitted to American colleges or universities. These exams, including the TOEFL, are all prepared by a company that is independent of the school system. These exams have come under a lot of criticism lately, but they are still widely used as one way to determine who will be admitted to various schools. However, most schools try to look at the whole student and consider factors other than simply grades and test scores. Some of these factors may be extracurricular activities in school, ethnic background, work experience, and so on. Some schools will have personal interviews with students they are considering for admission. Many schools, private as well as public, try very hard to have a student population with a wide variety of backgrounds and ages. Even the most prestigious and most highly competitive colleges and universities will not take only those students with the highest grades and standardized test scores but will consider these other factors. Nevertheless, schools of this type, such as Stanford and Harvard, have so many more people applying than they can possibly accept that students who want to get into such schools take grades and SAT exams very seriously. In general, medical and law colleges, both private and public, are very difficult to get into, and, once again, test scores on standardized exams can be extremely important to those applying to these schools.However, for students who want to attend a state college or university in their own state, it may be enough to graduate from high school in the upper third or even upper half of their high school class. This may surprise those of you who come from an educational system that is highly competitive, a system in which only a small percentage of students who pass a very difficult nationwide standardized high school examination can enter a university. You may be even more surprised by what I have to tell you about community colleges.An interesting feature of education in the United States is the two-year community college. Community colleges that are publicly supported offer somewhat different educational opportunities than those offered by a senior college or a university. First, admissions requirements at public community colleges are usually much more lenient than those at a four-year college or university. It’s usually enough to have graduated from an American high school to be admitted. Second, it is also cheaper to attend a community college. The tuition and fees are usually quite a bit lower. Students often live at home because this type of school does not have dormitories. For these two reasons, many people who are unable to go to a four-year college or university can have an opportunity to take classes for college credit. Finally, community colleges offer two-year programs that can lead to an Associate of Arts degree. Many of these programs, but not all of them, are vocational in nature. People attend community colleges for many different purposes. Some people may be taking on a course or two in some field that particularly interests them and may not be planning on getting a degree. Other people may be going to community collegefull-time and planning to transfer to a four-year college or university upon successful completion of two years at a community college. Well, so much for community colleges.I promised to tell you a little about the actual student body on a typical U.S. campus. Let’s start with some statistics, and then we’ll discuss two items that surprise many foreign students. Among the 2.8 million high school graduates in 2002, 65.2 percent were enrolled in college the following October. More than 90 percent of those attended full time. Young men represented half of the high school graduates, but more women than men went on to college. The exact statistics are:68.4 percent of female high school graduates and 62.1 percent of male high school graduates. If we break down the statistics racially, we find that white students enrolled in college in greater proportions than black or Hispanic students. The figures are 66.7 percent for white graduates, 58.7 percent of black graduates, and 53.5 percent of Hispanic students. My next statistic may be surprising. 42.6 percent of full-time students in 2002 were either employed or looking for work. That number jumps to 75.7 percent for part-time students. That last statistic makes more sense when we consider that besides the students who are from eighteen to twenty-two years old that one expects to find on a college campus, there are also many older married students. They may be people who attend part-time to upgrade their skills, people who are changing careers, or retired people who still have a desire to learn. Also, foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepare American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. If you will remember the educational philosophy we discussed in the last lecture, you will understand why. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well informed about their countries or cultures.In brief, you can see that educational opportunities and admissions standards vary greatly in the United States. While it may be quite difficult to gain admission to some colleges and universities because of the very large number of applicants, probably any student graduating from high school with reasonable grades can find some accredited university or college to attend. Those students hoping to enter graduate school will often face very stiff competition, whether at private or public schools. Many students who start at a college or university will not finish in four years. Some will drop out to work or travel and may never finish. Others will return to school a few months or a few years later. Some will go to school full-time and others part-time. Some will not work while going to school, but most will work at some time or other during their school years.We’re out of time, I see. In my next lecture, I’ll talk to you about a relatively new development in education, distance learning. It should be of interest to those of you who want to attend college but can’t because of living far from a college, busy schedules, or for other reasons.Chapter 11 Lecture: Distance educationOne of the most exciting changes in education in the United States today is the incredible growth of distance education at the post-secondary level. Let me begin the lecture by asking you a couple of questions. First, can you imagine getting a college, or university, degree, without ever once setting foot on a college campus? Second, would you believe me if I told you thereare a few higher education institutions that grant degrees that don’t even have a campus? Some of these schools even grant graduate degrees, that is, a master’s degree or even a Ph.D.What is distance education? A publication called Distance Education: A Consumer’s Guide defines distance education this way:” Distance education is instruction that occurs when the instructor and student are separated by distance or time, or both,” That sounds a little strange, but it’s not really new.As early as 1840, it was possible to take a correspondence course in shorthand; that is, a student could learn shorthand by mail. And the University of Wisconsin offered the first correspondence catalog in 1892. This meant that a student could take university courses by mail over 100 years ago. So distance education is not really new; however, modern technology, such as audio, video, and computer technology, has changed distance education a great deal. Today almost all distance education programs are online or have an online learning component to take advantage of the technology.As I mentioned, distance education is now growing at an incredible rate, Peterson’s 1994 Guide to Distance Learning listed 93 accredited distance education programs available at community colleges and universities across the United States and Canada, whereas its 1997 guide listed more than 700 programs. In 2003, almost 1,100 programs were listed. According to the U.S. college and universities with 10.000 students or more offer distance education programs with new ones coming online continuously.Distance education is quite a complex subject with many aspects to look at. Today let’s look at the reasons why distance education is growing so rapidly, how distance education works, that is, what the modes of delivery are, and some things people considering distance education need to be aware of.To start with, why is distance education growing at such an incredible rate?First, rapidly changing economic conditions require many professional people to upgrade their knowledge or skills on an almost continuous basis. For example, a person who graduates with a degree in engineering or computer science may find it necessary to take courses to upgrade his or her skills every few year. Or a person who begins his or her career with a B.A. or B.S. degree may find it desirable to pursue an M.A. after some time, or even a Ph.D. Busy working people often find it difficult or even impossible to take courses they need or to pursue degrees on campus. Thus, there are a lot of people wanting post-secondary education who don’t find it convenient to study in the traditional on-campus setting.At the same time that demand for postsecondary education is growing, many U.S. colleges and universities are facing budget crunches; many U.S. colleges and universities are facing budget crunches; that is , they just don’t have as much money as they had in the past, but at the same time they have more students. They have to find ways to deliver instruction in the most economical way possible.The final reason is modern technology, which is the key to making the desired postsecondary education available to the millions of people who have access to audio, video, and computer technology. Many institutions offer distance education courses, certificate programs, and degree programs. How does distance education work at the postsecondary level? What are the usual modes of delivery?The modes of instruction can vary greatly and different courses in a program may use different modes. And any given course may use several different modes. Some of the modes include video,audio, CD-ROM, Internet, bulletin boards, chat rooms, and e-mail. Let’s consider some of the possibilities among these technologies. Video, for example, can be as simple as videotape the student plays on his or her VCR. Or it could involve video conferencing where the student is able to see and interact with the instructor and other students. Audio works similarly. A student may have a set of audiotapes to play on a cassette player or may be connected to an audio conference where he or she interacts with other students and the instructor. When students study on their own, at a time convenient to them to them, from a video-or audiotape, it is asynchronous learning, asynchronous meaning not at the same time. Video and audio conferencing, on the other hand, are called synchronous learning; that is, the instructor and the students are engaged in the teaching and learning process at the same time. Let’s look at two other popular modes used in distance learning: bulletin board anytime of the day and night, read what other students have written, and respond, by either adding his or her ideas or asking a question. Chat rooms, on the other hand, offer a discussion forum where students can interact in real time, that is, synchronously. CD-ROMs may come to the student via mail or the student may download materials from the Internet. E-mail provides a very convenient way for students to submit assignments or to ask the instructor questions. There are many more modes of instruction, but this should give you an idea of the possibilities.Students interested in pursuing distance education degrees need to consider the following six points:Number 1. Many distance education programs have a residency requirement. The students may be required to take two courses on campus, that is, six hours of credit, or students may be required to spend several days on campus several times during the program.Number 2. Distance education courses generally have time limits. Courses and programs must be completed within a certain time limit. Assignments must be submitted on time.Number 3. Admissions requirements are the same as those of an on-campus education.Number 4. Distance education can save students money in terms of not having to travel to campus for classes, and the like, but the academic fees about the same as for traditional education. Fulfilling the residency requirements may be quite costly in terms of travel and lodging for students who live far from the campus.Number 5. Online study requires students to have access to a computer that meets minimum requirements such as the latest version of Windows, a microphone, sound card and speakers, adequate hard drive and RAM, a modern, browser (Internet Explorer or Netscape), and Internet connection. Connection speed is very important and many schools recommend having high-speed Internet access like a cable modern or DSL.And finally Number 6. Distance learning requires that students be disciplined and independent learners. Distance education is not easier than traditional education. Not everyone is temperamentally suited for distance education. The dropout rate from distance education courses and programs is higher than for traditional courses and programs.Before I close today, let me just say that many people are still suspicious of distance education believing that it cannot possibly be equivalent to a traditional classroom education, although there are studies that indicate that distance education can be as effective as traditional education and some times even more effective. However, some suspicions are well founded. There are many unscrupulous and disreputable universities advertising on the Internet with very alluring Web sites. Therefore, it is important for everyone wishing to take a courseor pursue a degree to check out the credentials of the school they are considering very carefully.We have an expression: Let the buyer beware. That means that anyone who wishes to buy something should be very careful! And that includes online or distance eductation.。

新视野大学英语视听说教程教案II Unit2-2

ethical film伦理片affectional film爱情片
western movies西部片serial系列片
备注
教
学
进
程
与
设
计
trailer预告片cartoon (film)卡通片
full-length film长片short(film)短片
colour film彩色片silent film默片,无声片
Best Picture最佳影片Best Director最佳导演
Best Actor最佳男主角Best Actress最佳女主角
Best Supporting Actor最佳男配角
Best Supporting Actress最佳女配角最佳动画长片
Best Foreign Film最佳外语片
Best Makeup最佳化妆奖
Best Original Score最佳配乐奖
2.Creat a dialog with your partner according to the given situation.
I would go for …
It takes less time …
nowyourturn1supplymentarywords?newsreel新闻片纪录片literaryfilm文艺片?documentaryfilm记录片comedy喜剧片?filmdom电影界musicals音乐片?tragedy悲剧片dracula吸血鬼?movie恐怖片detectivefilm侦探片?swordsmenfilmkungfufilm武侠片?ethicalfilm伦理片affectionalfilm爱情片?westernmovies西部片serial系列片备注教学进程与设计?trailer预告片cartoonfilm卡通片?fulllengthfilm长片shortfilm短片?colourfilm彩色片silentfilm默片无声片?bestpicture最佳影片bestdirector最佳导演?bestactor最佳男主角bestactress最佳女主角?bestsupportingactor最佳男配角?bestsupportingactress最佳女配角bestanimatedfeaturefilm最佳动画长片?bestforeignfilm最佳外语片bestmakeup最佳化妆奖?bestoriginalscore最佳配乐奖2

【免费下载】英语高级视听说Unit2The new space race

Unit 2 The new space raceA plan to build the world's first airport for launching commercial spacecraft in New Mexico is the latest development in the new space race, a race among private companies and billionaire entrepreneurs to carry paying passengers into space and to kick-start a new industry, astro tourism.The man who is leading the race may not be familiar to you, but to astronauts, pilots, and aeronautical engineers –basically to anyone who knows anything about aircraft design –Burt Rutan is a legend, an aeronautical engineer whose latest aircraft is the world's first private spaceship. As he told when he first met him a little over a year ago, if his idea flies, someday space travel may be cheap enough and safe enough for ordinary people to go where only astronauts have gone before.The White Knight is a rather unusual looking aircraft, built just for the purpose ofcarrying a rocket plane called SpaceShipOne, the first spacecraft built by private enterprise.White Knight andSpaceShipOne are the latest creations of Burt Rutan.They're part of his dream to develop a commercial travel business in space."There will be a new industry. And we are just now in a beginning. I will predict that in 12 or 15 years, there will be tens of thousands, maybe even hundreds of thousands of people that fly, and see that black sky," says Rutan.On June 21, 2004, White Knight took off from an airstrip in Mojave, Calif., carrying Rutan's spaceship. It took 63 minutes to reach the launch altitude of 47,000 feet. Once there, the White Knight crew prepared to release the spaceship one.The fierce acceleration slammed Mike Melvill, the pilot, back in his seat. He put SpaceShipOne into a near vertical trajectory,until, as planned, the fuel ran out.Still climbing like a spent bullet, Melvill hoped to gain as much altitude as possible to reach space before the ship began falling back to earth.By the time the spaceship one reached the end of its climb, it was 22 miles off course. But it had, just barely, reached an altitude of just over 62 miles --the internationally recognized boundary of space.It was the news Rutan had been waiting for. Falling back to Earth from an altitude of 62 miles, SpaceShipOne's tilting wing, a revolutionary innovation called the feather, caused the rocket plane to position itself for a relatively benign re-entry and turned the spaceship into a glider.SpaceShipOne glided to a flawless landing before a crowd of thousands."After that June flight, I felt like I was floating around and just once in a while touching the ground," remembers Rutan. "Wehad an operable space plane."Rutan's "operable space plane" was built by a company with only 130 employees at a cost of just $25 million. He believes his success has ended the government's monopoly on space travel, and opened it up to the ordinary citizen."I concluded that for affordable travel to happen, the little guy had to do it because he had the incentive for a business," says Rutan.Does Rutan view this as a business venture or a technological challenge?"It's a technological challenge first. And it's a dream I had when I was 12," he says. Rutan started building model airplanes when he was seven years old, in Dyenuba, Calif., where he grew up."I was fascinated by putting balsa wood together and see how it would fly," he remembers. "And when I started having the capability to do contests and actually win atrophy by making a better model, then I was hooked."He's been hooked ever since. He designed his first airplane in 1968 and flew it four years later.Since then his airplanes have become known for their stunning looks, innovative design and technological sophistication.Rutan began designing a spaceship nearly a decade ago, after setting up set up his own aeronautical research and design firm. By the year 2000, he had turned his designs into models and was testing them outside his office."When I got to the point that I knew that I could make a safe spaceship that would fly a manned space mission -- when I say, 'I,' not the government, our little team -- I told Paul Allen, 'I think we can do this.'And he immediately said, 'Go with it.'"Paul Allen co-founded Microsoft and is one of the richest men in the world.His decision to pump $25 million into Rutan's company, Scaled Composites, was the vote of confidence that his engineers needed to proceed."That was a heck of a challenge to put in front of some people like us, where we're told, 'Well, you can't do that. You wanna see? We can do this," says Pete Sebold. Work on White Knight and SpaceShipOne started four years ago in secret.Both aircraft were custom made from scratch by a team of 12 engineers using layers of tough carbon fabric glued together with epoxy. Designed to be light-weight, SpaceShipOne can withstand the stress of re-entry because of the radical way it comes back into the atmosphere, like a badminton shuttlecock or a birdie.He showed 60 Minutes how it works. "Feathering the wing is kind of a dramatic thing, in that it changes the whole configuration of the airplane," he explains."And this is done in space, okay?It's done after you fly into space.""We have done six reentries. Three of them from space and three of them from lower altitudes. And some of them have even come down upside down.And the airplane by itself straightens itself right up," Rutan explainsBy September 2004, Rutan was ready for his next challenge: an attempt to win a $10 million prize to be the first to fly a privately funded spacecraft into space, and do it twice in two weeks. "After we had flown the June flight, and we had reached the goal of our program, then the most important thing was to win that prize," says Rutan.That prize was the Ansari X Prize –an extraordinary competition created in 1996 to stimulate private investment in space.The first of the two flights was piloted, once again, by Mike Melvill.September's flight put Melville's skill and training to the test. As he was climbing out of the atmosphere, the spacecraft suddenly went into a series of rolls.How concerned was he?"Well, I thought I could work it out. I'm very confident when I'm flying a plane when I've got the controls in my hand. I always believed I can fix this no matter how bad it gets," says Melville.SpaceShipOne rolled 29 times before he regained control. The remainder of the flight was without incident, and Melvill made the 20-minute glide back to the Mojave airport. The landing on that September afternoon was flawless.Because Rutan wanted to attempt the second required flight just four days later, the engineers had little time to find out what had gone wrong. Working 12-hour shifts, they discovered they didn't need to fix the spacecraft, just the way in which the pilotsflew it.For the second flight, it was test pilot Brian Binnie's turn to fly SpaceShipOne.The spaceship flew upward on a perfect trajectory, breaking through to space.Rutan's SpaceShipOne had flown to space twice in two weeks, captured the X Prize worth $10 million, and Won bragging rights over the space establishment."You know I was wondering what they are feeling, 'They' being that other space agency," Rutan says laughing. "You know, quite frankly, I think the big guys, the Boeings, the Lockheeds, the nay-say people at Houston, I think they're looking at each other now and saying 'We're screwed!' Because, I'll tell you something, I have a hell of a lot bigger goal than they do!" "The astronauts say that the most exciting experience is floating around in a space suit," says Rutan, showing off his own plans. "But I don't agree. A space suit is an awfulthing. It constrains you and it has noisy fans running.Now look over here. It's quiet. And you're out here watching the world go by in what you might call a 'spiritual dome.' Well, that, to me, is better than a space suit because you're not constrained."He also has a vision for a resort hotel in space, and says it all could be accomplished in the foreseeable future. Rutan believes it is the dawn of a new era.He explains, "I think we've proven now that the small guys can build a space ship and go to space. And not only that, we've convinced a rich guy, a very rich guy, to come to this country and build a space program to take everyday people to space."That "rich guy" is Richard Branson, the English billionaire who owns VirginAtlantic Airlines. Branson has signed a $120 million deal with Rutan to build fivespaceships for paying customers. Named "Virgin Galactic," it will be the world's first "spaceline." Flights are expected to begin in 2008. "We believe by flying tens of thousands of people to space, and making that a profitable business, that that will lead into affordable orbital travel," says Rutan.Rutan thinks there "absolutely" is a market for this.With tickets initially going for $200,000, the market is limited. Nevertheless,Virgin Galactic says 38,000 people have put down a deposit for a seat, and 90 of those have paid the full $200,000.But Rutan has another vision. "The goal is affordable travel above low-Earth orbit. In other words, affordable travel for us to go to the moon. Affordable travel. That means not just NASA astronauts, but thousands of people being able to go to the moon," he says. "I'd like to go. Wouldn't you?"。

英语高级视听说听力原文 Unit 2 The new space race

Unit 2 The new space raceA plan to build the world's first airport for launching commercial spacecraft in New Mexico is the latest development in the new space race, a race among private companies and billionaire entrepreneurs to carry paying passengers into space and to kick-start a new industry, astro tourism.The man who is leading the race may not be familiar to you, but to astronauts, pilots, and aeronautical engineers – basically to anyone who knows anything about aircraft design – Burt Rutan is a legend, an aeronautical engineer whose latest aircraft is the world's first private spaceship. As he told 60 Minutes correspondent Ed Bradley when he first met him a little over a year ago, if his idea flies, someday space travel may be cheap enough and safe enough for ordinary people to go where only astronauts have gone before.The White Knight is a rather unusual looking aircraft, built just for the purpose of carrying a rocket plane called SpaceShipOne, the first spacecraft built by private enterprise.White Knight and SpaceShipOne are the latest creations of Burt Rutan. They're part of his dream to develop a commercial travel business in space."There will be a new industry. And we are just now in a beginning. I will predict that in 12 or 15 years, there will be tens of thousands, maybe even hundreds of thousands of people that fly, and see that black sky," says Rutan.On June 21, 2004, White Knight took off from an airstrip in Mojave, Calif., carrying Rutan's spaceship. It took 63 minutes to reach the launch altitude of 47,000 feet. Once there, the White Knight crew prepared to release the spaceship one.The fierce acceleration slammed Mike Melvill, the pilot, back in his seat. He put SpaceShipOne into a near vertical trajectory, until, as planned, the fuel ran out.Still climbing like a spent bullet, Melvill hoped to gain as much altitude as possible to reach space before the ship began falling back to earth.By the time the spaceship one reached the end of its climb, it was 22 miles off course. But it had, just barely, reached an altitude of just over 62 miles— the internationally recognized boundary of space.It was the news Rutan had been waiting for. Falling back to Earth from an altitude of 62 miles, SpaceShipOne's tilting wing, a revolutionary innovation called the feather, caused the rocket plane to position itself for a relatively benign re-entry and turned the spaceship into a glider.SpaceShipOne glided to a flawless landing before a crowd of thousands. "After that June flight, I felt like I was floating around and just once in a while touching the ground," remembers Rutan. "We had an operable space plane."Rutan's "operable space plane" was built by a company with only 130 employees at a cost of just $25 million. He believes his success has ended the government's monopoly on space travel, and opened it up to the ordinary citizen."I concluded that for affordable travel to happen, the little guy had to do it because he had the incentive for a business," says Rutan.Does Rutan view this as a business venture or a technological challenge? "It's a technological challenge first. And it's a dream I had when I was 12," he says.Rutan started building model airplanes when he was seven years old, in Dyenuba, Calif., where he grew up."I was fascinated by putting balsa wood together and see how it would fly," he remembers. "And when I started having the capability to do contests and actually win a trophy by making a better model, then I was hooked."He's been hooked ever since. He designed his first airplane in 1968 and flew it four years later. Since then his airplanes have become known for their stunning looks, innovative design and technological sophistication.Rutan began designing a spaceship nearly a decade ago, after setting up set up his own aeronautical research and design firm. By the year 2000, he had turned his designs into models and was testing them outside his office. "When I got to the point that I knew that I could make a safe spaceship that would fly a manned space mission -- when I say, 'I,' not the government, our little team -- I told Paul Allen, 'I think we can do this.' And he immediately said, 'Go with it.'"Paul Allen co-founded Microsoft and is one of the richest men in the world. His decision to pump $25 million into Rutan's company, Scaled Composites, was the vote of confidence that his engineers needed to proceed."That was a heck of a challenge to put in front of some people like us, where we're told, 'Well, you can't do that. You wanna see? We can do this," says Pete Sebold.Work on White Knight and SpaceShipOne started four years ago in secret. Both aircraft were custom made from scratch by a team of 12 engineers using layers of tough carbon fabric glued together with epoxy. Designed to be light-weight, SpaceShipOne can withstand the stress of re-entry because of the radical way it comes back into the atmosphere, like a badminton shuttlecock or a birdie.He showed 60 Minutes how it works."Feathering the wing is kind of a dramatic thing, in that it changes the whole configuration of the airplane," he explains. "And this is done in space, okay? It's done after you fly into space.""We have done six reentries. Three of them from space and three of them from lower altitudes. And some of them have even come down upside down. And the airplane by itself straightens itself right up," Rutan explainsBy September 2004, Rutan was ready for his next challenge: an attempt to win a $10 million prize to be the first to fly a privately funded spacecraft into space, and do it twice in two weeks."After we had flown the June flight, and we had reached the goal of our program, then the most important thing was to win that prize," says Rutan.That prize was the Ansari X Prize – an extraordinary competition created in 1996 to stimulate private investment in space.The first of the two flights was piloted, once again, by Mike Melvill.September's flight put Melville's skill and training to the test. As he was climbing out of the atmosphere, the spacecraft suddenly went into a series of rolls.How concerned was he?"Well, I thought I could work it out. I'm very confident when I'm flying aplane when I've got the controls in my hand. I always believed I can fix this no matter how bad it gets," says Melville.SpaceShipOne rolled 29 times before he regained control. The remainder of the flight was without incident, and Melvill made the 20-minute glide back to the Mojave airport. The landing on that September afternoon was flawless.Because Rutan wanted to attempt the second required flight just four days later, the engineers had little time to find out what had gone wrong. Working 12-hour shifts, they discovered they didn't need to fix the spacecraft, just the way in which the pilots flew it.For the second flight, it was test pilot Brian Binnie's turn to fly SpaceShipOne.The spaceship flew upward on a perfect trajectory, breaking through to space.Rutan's SpaceShipOne had flown to space twice in two weeks, captured the X Prize worth $10 million, and won bragging rights over the space establishment."You know I was wondering what they are feeling, 'They' being that other space agency," Rutan says laughing. "You know, quite frankly, I think the big guys, the Boeings, the Lockheeds, the nay-say people at Houston, I think they're looking at each other now and saying 'We're screwed!' Because, I'll tell you something, I have a hell of a lot bigger goal than they do!""The astronauts say that the most exciting experience is floating around in a space suit," says Rutan, showing off his own plans. "But I don't agree. A space suit is an awful thing. It constrains you and it has noisy fans running. Now look over here. It's quiet. And you're out here watching the world go by in what you might call a 'spiritual dome.' Well, that, to me, is better than a space suit because you're not constrained."He also has a vision for a resort hotel in space, and says it all could be accomplished in the foreseeable future. Rutan believes it is the dawn of a new era.He explains, "I think we've proven now that the small guys can build a space ship and go to space. And not only that, we've convinced a rich guy, a very rich guy, to come to this country and build a space program to take everyday people to space."That "rich guy" is Richard Branson, the English billionaire who owns Virgin Atlantic Airlines. Branson has signed a $120 million deal with Rutan to build five spaceships for paying customers. Named "Virgin Galactic," it will be the world's first "spaceline." Flights are expected to begin in 2008."We believe by flying tens of thousands of people to space, and making that a profitable business, that that will lead into affordable orbital travel," says Rutan.Rutan thinks there "absolutely" is a market for this.With tickets initially going for $200,000, the market is limited. Nevertheless, Virgin Galactic says 38,000 people have put down a deposit for a seat, and 90 of those have paid the full $200,000.But Rutan has another vision. "The goal is affordable travel above low-Earth orbit. In other words, affordable travel for us to go to the moon. Affordable travel. That means not just NASA astronauts, but thousands of people being able to go to the moon," he says. "I'd like to go. Wouldn't you?"。

高级英语视听说教程第2册课程设计

高级英语视听说教程第2册课程设计1. 课程目标本课程旨在帮助学生掌握高级英语的听说能力，帮助学生进一步提升英语水平，能够在跨文化交流和商务沟通中更加自信地表达自己的想法和交流。

2. 适用人群适用于已经具有一定英语基础的高级学习者，能够较为熟练地使用英语进行日常生活和简单交流。

3. 课程设置本教程共设置11个单元，每个单元包含多个章节，涵盖了各个主题和场景，包括商务谈判、社交场合、学术研究和工作描述等。

Unit 1: Communication and Networking•Chapter 1: Making Contacts•Chapter 2: Setting up Appointments•Chapter 3: Building RelationshipsUnit 2: Business Negotiations•Chapter 1: The Basics of Negotiations•Chapter 2: Bargning and Compromise•Chapter 3: Handling Difficult Situations•Chapter 1: Preparing for a Presentation•Chapter 2: Delivering a Presentation•Chapter 3: Writing ReportsUnit 4: Formal and Informal Meetings•Chapter 1: Setting Up a Meeting•Chapter 2: Conducting a Meeting•Chapter 3: Following UpUnit 5: Socializing and Entertning•Chapter 1: Making Invitations•Chapter 2: Networking•Chapter 3: Hosting GuestsUnit 6: Intercultural Communication•Chapter 1: The Importance of Culture•Chapter 2: Understanding Cultural Differences •Chapter 3: Managing Cultural ConflictUnit 7: Company Structure and Management•Chapter 1: Introduction to Company•Chapter 2: Leadership•Chapter 3: Motivating Employees•Chapter 1: Preparing for a Job Interview•Chapter 2: Conducting an Interview•Chapter 3: Writing Effective ResumesUnit 9: Entrepreneurship•Chapter 1: Building a Business Plan•Chapter 2: Fundrsing and Investment•Chapter 3: Managing GrowthUnit 10: Academic Research•Chapter 1: Research Topics and Questions•Chapter 2: Research Methods•Chapter 3: Writing a Research PaperUnit 11: Critical Thinking and Problem Solving •Chapter 1: Analyzing and Evaluating Information •Chapter 2: Problem Solving Strategies•Chapter 3: Decision-making and Implementation 4. 教学方法•课堂听说互动•小组活动•视频听说练习•语言拓展活动•语言实践活动5. 评估方式•朗读和发音练习•口试和听力理解测试•短篇写作和阅读理解测试•项目报告和演讲展示6. 总结高级英语视听说教程第2册旨在帮助学生克服英语听说上的困难，进一步拓宽英语学习的层次和深度，更好地与国际化接轨，达到更高的语言进阶水平。

新视野第二册听说教程听力文本(第二版)Unit 2

Unit 2 All that Glitters Is Olympic Gold!Warming UpThank you for listening to “All that Glitters Is Olympic Gold”, our report on Olympic heroes and in particular, Liu Xiang. An Olympic hero must have determination, power, and passion. He or she must persist even when tired. This ability to make sacrifices for the sake of glory is what being an Olympic hero is all about.Liu Xiang, a Chinese athlete, showed all of these virtues when he won his gold medal. Though it would have been easy for him to quit, he worked hard every day to accomplish his goal.Liu Xiang is a true Olympic hero. Every four years, athletes, like Liu Xiang, teach us the meaning of greatness. And by following their lead, we can also be great. This is why we keep watching.Keys: passion, make sacrifices, The meaning of greatness.Understanding Ten Short Conversations1. W. What did your coach tell you about running in tomorrow’s race?M. He said, “All that glitters is Olympic gold,” to remind me of the Olympic spirit.Q. What was the coach’s advice to the man?2. M. I watched a TV show last night, called “All that Glitters Is Olympic Gold”.W. I watched that too. It was about the training and sacrifice necessary for athletes to compete in the Olympics. Q. What was the TV show about?3. W. Running the hundred-meter dash is nothing compared to the passion necessary to run longer races.M. Are you kidding? I’ve run both and I know they both require determination.Q. Why does the man disagree with the woman?4. M. Do you think drug taking is widespread among amateur athletes trying to get stronger?W. It’s hard to say whether it’s true or not. So much of what we hear seems to be rumors.Q: Does the woman believe that there is a problem with amateur athletes taking drugs?5. W. Do you think that he could have run in the Olympics if things had turned out differently?M. Definitely. He had the heart. It was just his injury that cost him the opportunity to compete.Q: Did the athlete compete in the Olympics?6. M. I heard that when the athlete accepted the gold medal, he thanked his mom.W. That’s right. He swore that she was responsible for him developing the strength to win the race.Q: Why has the athlete able to win the race?7. W. Come on, you can eat this cake. You don’t have to deny yourself sweet food just because you’re in the Olympics.M. Yes I do! With the games coming so soon, I have to stay on a healthy diet.Q. Why does the man refuse the woman’s offer?8. M. Most people who watch the Olympics would like to be like the athletes they see.W. Maybe they would. But I don’t think most of them have the determination to work so hard to get there.Q. What does the woman think about people who watch the Olympic Games?9. W. Are you noticing the frowns on the faces of the runners? Not one of them looks happy.M. You can be sure the two runners from our country are happy. Out of the five races, they’ve won four.Q. How many races have the runners from the speakers’ country won?10. M. Just hearing the Olympic song fills me with determination to go out and won.W. It was first played in 1896, but it wasn’t the official song until 1958. I like it too.Q. In which year did the Olympic song become official?1—5 B B C C C 6—10 A A A C AUnderstanding a Long ConversationW: Wow, you really look great. Have you been working out?M: Every day. I’m preparing for the Olympic Games.W: Oh, no.M: What? What’s the matter? You don’t think I can do it?W: I don’t know how to tell you.M: You don’t think I’m strong enough to enter, do you? Well, I’ll have you know I’m plenty strong. And if you say otherwise, you don’t know what you’re talking about.W: I know you’re strong. That’s not the problem.M: Then you think my heart is weak. But that isn’t so! I have amazing determination. I swear, my passion is unmatched by any other amateur athlete I the world. I defy you to say otherwise.W: I wouldn’t dare. I’ve seen you run and not quit, and I know your heart is strong. But that isn’t the problem. M: What’s the problem then?W: The Olympics ended yesterday.Qs: 1. Why does the man look great? D2. How does the man feel about his own strength? B3. What does the man say about his passion? C4. How does the woman know the man has a strong heart? D5. What is the man’s problem, according to the woman? DUnderstanding a PassageIn the summer of 1936, Jesse Owens became famous all over the world. That summer, Jesse Owens, a black American, joined the best athletes from 50 nations to compete in the Olympics in Berlin, Germany.There was special interest in the Olympic Games that year because Adolph Hitler was then the leader of Germany. He and his Nazi party believed that white people were better than other races, especially those with dark skin. They were all very surprised when Owens won four gold medals and set new world records.Years later, Jesse Owens wrote that he was most proud of showing Hitler and the world how great a black man could be. Through everything, he never lost confidence in himself. Nor did he ever lose pride in himself. To this day, Jesse Owens is remembered as an amazing man who fully expressed the Olympic spirit.Qs: 1. Why were so many people interested in the 1936 Olympic Games? C2. According to the passage, what did the Nazi party believe? B3. What surprised Hitler and the Nazi? C4. What make Jesse Owens most proud? D5. Why is Jesse Owns remembered as a great man? DUnderstanding a Movie DialogueKeys: 1. training 2. touch 3.understand 4.appreciate, 5.trouble 6. fighting 7.three 8. honest 9.cry10. borrowListening and DiscussionEmily was crying by the time the softball(垒球) game finished, because her dad had yelled at her in front of all her teammates for missing a fly ball that could have ended the game. Emily was only eight years old.If your child has ever participated in a sport, you’ve undoubtedly met people like Emily’s dad. They expect too much from their children and upset them by putting too much pressure on them. These parents get so wrapped up in（全神贯注于）winning and losing or in low well their won children perform that they lose sight of what’s reallyimportant. They forget that the most important goal is helping children develop a sense of good sportsmanship.Good sportsmanship occurs when teammates, opponents, coaches, and officials treat each other with due respect. Kids learn the basics of sportsmanship from the adults in their lives, especially their parents and their coaches. Kids who see adults demonstrating good sportsmanship finally come to understand the real winners are those who know how to be strong and to act with self-respect—whether they win or lose a game. A child who treats others with respect on the playing field will likely carry this attitude into the classroom and other social situations.1.Why was Emily crying by the time the softball game ended?Because children develop a sense of good sportsmanship.2.What is the most important goal in children’s sports?Helping children develop a sense of good sportsmanship.3.When do athletes demonstrate good sportsmanship?When people treat each other with due respect.4.What, in your opinion, is sportsmanship?5.Please give some examples of how sportsmanship is displayed in daily life.Supplementary Listening task 1: Let’s go divingM: Have you ever tried scuba diving?W: No, I’m kind of scared of the whole diving thing. I mean, I hear all these stories about getting sick from coming up too fast and dangerous fish and stuff. I don’t think it’s for me.M: I guess there’s a lot that could go wrong, but if you’ve been trained and you follow the rules, there’s really nothing to worry about.W: I don’t know.M: It’s really worth trying. It’s a whole other world down there. It’s such an amazing experience.W: That’s what a lot of people tell me, but I think I’d prefer to stick to surfing rather than take my chances in the deep.M: To be honest, I think you have more chance of meeting with an accident surfing than diving.W: As long as you don’t do anything stupid, you’ll be OK.M: Diving’s the same. You just have to follow the rules. Say, I’m going next weekend. Why don’t you come along? There’s a pool that isn’t so deep where you can see all kinds of fish and things. It’s perfect for a novice diver.W: Well, if it’s not too deep, it can’t be too bad. Why not? Sure, I’ll go with you.M: Great!1.According to the man, what makes diving scary? D2.What measures might help ensure the safety of diving? C3.According to the conversation, what has be woman heard about diving? D4.What does the man think about surfing? B5.Why does the woman decide to join the man in diving? ATask 2 Aerobic Dancing (有氧操)Some people sat that aerobic dancing us a sport, and others say it’s not. I’ve begun a class that teaches aerobics, and I would like to tell you about it. I think you’ll be very excited about this vigorous exercise and will agree with me that it’s a sport.Aerobic dancing is like other sports in that it can help you improve your mental strength. Often, when doing it, you’ll want to quit. Continuing, despite your desire to stop, forces you to be strong. The encouragement that youreceive from those around you helps you to carry on for the entire 45 minutes until the end. It’s something like running a long race.Like swimming, aerobic dancing makes your body stronger. It quickens your heart beat and helps you to lose fat. Many football players, as well as athletes in other sports, do aerobic dancing to improve their fitness. Many other people enjoy it as well. Aerobic dancing can change your life. If you participate regularly, it’ll make you a better person, both mentally and physically. I recommend it to anyone who wants a little bit more out of life.1.According to the passage, how do people feel about aerobic dancing? A2.In which way is aerobic dancing similar to other sports? B3.Who will encourage you not to quit when doing aerobic dancing? C4.How is aerobic dancing like swimming?B5.According to the speaker, who should take part in aerobic dancing? DTask 3 VOA1)on the ball, 2)did something unexpected, 3)at the job or activity, 4) hit it out of the park, 5) think it over, 6) is very successful, 7) complete a job or activity, 8) did something wrong, 9) how much it is worth, 10) close to my selling price。

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Not Your Average TeenLots of teenage girls dream of becoming rich and famous. But it's not a fantasy for Michelle Wie. Just before her 16th birthday last fall, she became the highest-paid woman golfer in history simply by turning professional and lending her name to commercial endorsements that will pay her between $10 million and $12 million a year, most of which will go into a trust fund until she becomes an adult.Wie has been a celebrity since she was 13, when people began predicting she would become the Tiger Woods of women’s golf. But, as correspondent Steve Kroft reports, that has never been enough for Wie. She wants to become the first woman ever to successfully compete with men in a professional sport. She has tried a couple of times on the PGA Tour without embarrassing herself.As you will see, she has changed a lot since we first talked to her way back in 2004, when she was 14.At the time, Wie told Kroft her ultimate goal was to play in the Masters."I think it'd be pretty neat walking down the Masters fairways," she said.It was a neat dream for a 14-year-old kid. Nothing has happened in the last two years to change Wie's mind or shake her confidence.She is stronger now, more mature and glamorous. She has already demonstrated that she can play herself into the middle of the pack against the best men on the PGA Tour and has come within a shot of winning her first two starts on the LPGA Tour this year as a part-time professional.The day before 60 Minutes interviewed her at the Fields Open in Honolulu, she shot a final round of 66, coming from six strokes off the lead to just miss a playoff."You won your first check yesterday," Kroft says."Uh-huh," Wie says. "It was, it was really cool. I mean, I was like looking at how much I won. I was like 'Oh my God.' "Wie says she won around $72,000.Asked whether she gets to keep that money, Wie said she didn't know."I'm trying to negotiate with my dad how much I can spend of that, and stuff like that. We're still working it out. But, you know, I'm definitely gonna go shopping today," she says, laughing.Half of her life is spent in the adult world, competing with men and women twice her age for paychecks they may need to make expenses and dealing with the media, sponsors and marketing executives. The rest of the time she is a junior at Punahou High School in Honolulu, where she isan A student and claims to lead the life of a typical 16-year-old."Well, I have a math test tomorrow that I haven't studied for at all. Which I'm kind of worried for," she says, laughing.What about boys?"Not yet," she says."And the boys, I'm sure, at your high school are probably a little intimidated," Kroft says."Well, I don't know, I mean, that's what everyone else says," she replies, laughing. "But I don't really care. I'm way too busy as it is."She has already been on the David Letterman Show, graced countless magazines and played golf with former President Clinton, who, she claims, can be rather vague when recording his score.ContinuedTo help manage all of this, her parents have surrounded her with the best people all that money can buy. Besides her caddy, Greg Johnston, and renowned golf coach David Leadbetter, her retinue includes agents, a sports psychologist, physical trainer and image consultant.Two years ago, it was just Wie and her parents. Now she has an entourage."Entourage. That's funny," says Wie. "But, you know, I'm very glad for all the new members of the team. It feels nice to have, you know, people that you can trust around you.""And making decisions for you," Kroft says."Yeah. I mean it's awesome," Wie says.Most of the shots are still being called by her parents, B.J. and Bo, with recommendations from the William Morris Agency, which was hired by the Wie family to manage the business aspects of her career and line up endorsements from sponsors who were already standing in line.They include a ubiquitous sporting goods and apparel company, a Japanese electronics giant and a Swiss watch manufacturer? --who collectively contribute an eight-figure sum to the Michelle Wie trust fund.William Morris president David Wirtschafter says Michelle is, and will remain, their only golf client in a talent stable mostly filled with Hollywood actors, directors and writers. He sees her as someone who can easily make the jump from sports to entertainment.Asked if he thinks there is a difference anymore between sports and entertainment, Wirtschaftersays: "We don't think so. We think that sports is a subset of entertainment. And we feel that so many people are interested in her because almost every demographic is anxious to watch her play and anxious to see what she does next, that she will be one of the few athletes who essentially transcends sports and becomes somebody that people pay attention to in popular culture."Why are so many people interested in her?"I think that men are fascinated by the way that she plays golf," says Wirtschafter. "She plays golf in a style that is much more like men. It's a power golf style. She hits the ball a long, long way. I think women find her attractive, particularly young women, because she, again, is playing against boys. And, yet, when she's off the course, she's very much like them."Wirtschafter acknowledges that Wie has also become very attractive and that it makes a huge difference. "Because she exudes femininity, she exudes youth and, on the other hand, just has a skill level that's off the charts. And I think that's a very, very rare combination.""So if she was 5-2 and weighed 160 pounds, there wouldn't be this interest?" Kroft asks."I don't think there'd be this level of interest. But if she was 5-2 and weighed 160 pounds and could play golf as she plays golf, she'd still be a great golfer," says Wirtschafter.Much of the interest in Michelle is in Asia. She is of Korean descent, already speaks Japanese and is now taking a stab at Mandarin. When she arrived at an airport in Japan last year before playing in a tournament there, she was styled and greeted like a major movie star, although she tries to pretend otherwise.Wie says she doesn’t feel the level of celebrity she has already achieved. Referring to her movie star-like reception in Japan, Wie says, "Oh, I just figure that they were there at the airport because they had a plane to catch."Wie admits juggling high school life while playing on the LPGA Tour is hectic but says that's the way she likes it."I mean, I like being busy. When I have nothing to do, I'm just like, 'Find me something to do.' I'm just, like, walking around my house trying to find something, actually cleaning up my room," she says, laughing. "Which I never do."Asked if her parents still rule her life, Wie says: "Well, basically, in the household. I mean they're the head of the household. So I guess I have to listen. But I'm still stubborn. I won't give in easily, that’s the thing."That stubbornness has helped propel her to stardom. She passed up junior events and amateur tournaments that she could win for the chance to lose and learn from the best professionals. She also ignored people like John Hawkins, a senior writer at "Golf World" and "Golf Digest," whoadvised her to stay away from the men’s tour and go play with the girls."Michelle's an iconoclast. She is somebody who dares to separate herself from her so-called peers," says Hawkins.Hawkins says it's a huge part of Wie's appeal."She is unlike anybody else," he says. "Who has the guts? Can’t refer to any other part of the anatomy here? Who has the guts to play against men when they're 16? I have a tremendous amount of respect for the satchel it takes to go out there and tee it up with the big boys. You gotta turn your TV on and watch that, don't you? I mean, you got to."And people watched. "People came out. It was all over the newspapers the next day. It's news. It's news when she tries," says Hawkins.ContinuedNo one is happier with the prospect than the TV networks and tournament sponsors. When Michelle plays against men or women, television ratings and ticket sales go up an average of 50 percent. But Hawkins points out that Michelle hasn't won anything since she was 13, and if she is going to justify her eight-figure endorsement deals over any length of time, she needs to win some tournaments."I think a lot of that money is predicated on her not only competing against men, Steve, but beating the women. She is a special talent. She is a transcendent figure," says Hawkins. "She's got it all. But you still gotta have W's in your pocket. I mean, that's the deal."Does Michelle feel the pressure to start winning tournaments?"Well, I mean, I've heard a lot of people say that, but you know, I, hopefully, a lot of my fans will recognize that I'm still a full-time student," she says. "I still have a lot of other things that I have to do. And, hopefully, they'll be patient with me because I believe that I can do it."Last weekend at the Kraft Nabisco Tournament, she just missed another opportunity to win a major championship on the women’s tour. After making a birdie on the 16th hole, all she had t o do to make the playoff was get it down in two from the edge of the 18th green. But her chip shot went 10 feet past the hole and she just missed the putt coming back."I think, when you're 16, you still come across situations that you've never encountered before," says Hawkins. "You still feel emotions that you've never felt. Your heart beats a little harder. You're not used to feeling the crunch of pressure. I think she's still learning."But if you ask Michelle what has been her most stressful experien ce this year, she’ll likely give you the 16-year-old answer? Which was taking and barely passing her driver’s test?"I got 15 points wrong. So I made it on the number," she explains.While she just made the cut, she says she was really nervous and didn't know what to expect. "More than a PGA event?" Kroft asks."Yeah, I think so. It was different, though," she replies.Michelle says she would rate her driving skills as OK. "But I kind of panic sometimes. It's not very good. I have to get better on that."When her parents finally allow her to have her own car, she’ll not only get exactly what she wants, some company will gladly pay her to drive it. But to her friends at Punahou High, she is just another junior."She lives her life just like us. We all go to the movies. We all go shopping," says Michelle's friend Raquel.And Meghan, another friend, says even when Michelle is halfway around the world, they text message each other a lot. "I just upped my minutes by the way," she says, laughing.Wie is not one of those prodigies who has been robbed of her childhood; in some ways she is still holding on to it? --the final stages, anyway, and enjoying every minute of it. At 16, the days and weeks still last a long time for her. An endless summer competing against some of the best golfers in the world still feels a long way off. Anything beyond that is hard for her to grasp."I always fantasize with me being on my own, traveling by myself, you know, being independent," she says. "But then the reality sinks in that I never booked a hotel room by myself. I've never bought a plane ticket. I barely know how to do laundry. I can't cook. I can't even, I almost cannot microwave stuff. I mean it's pathetic. So basically the reality sets in and I can't do that.""That's why you have William Morris," Kroft remarks."Yeah," she replies."Isn't it?" Kroft asks."No, that's a good point, that's a really good point. I haven't thought about that before. I mean, I guess I just have to learn how to do laundry," she says.Asked whether she wants to get married and have kids, Michelle Wie said, laughing: "Yeah, most definitely. That's way down the road. I mean, I'm 16 right now. Might be illegal right now."。