2018届高考英语(译林版)总复习真题研练68 Word版含解析

Task 1：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2015·浙江，C)If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁)．The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on la nd or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

现如今人类使夜晚充满了人造光线，使得夜晚不再黑暗，但这么做所造成的光污染的不好影响是巨大的，到了考虑这么做的后果的时候了。

1．According to the passage，human beings ________.A．prefer to live in the darknessB．are used to living in the day lightC．were curious about the midnight worldD．had to stay at home with the light of the moon答案B[细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.”可知，我们人类是白天活动的动物，习惯了在日光下生活。

故答案为B。

]2．What does “it” (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?A．The night. B．The moon.C．The sky. D．The planet.答案A[代词指代题。

it是代词，指代前面提到的事物，而前面提到的是night，指用来照亮黑夜。

]3．The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________.A．provide examples of animal protectionB．show how light pollution affects animalsC．compare the living habits of both speciesD．explain why the number of certain species has declined答案B[目的意图题。

第三段谈到了光污染，后面的段落是对光污染影响的详细说明，作者以鸟和青蛙为例来说明光污染对动物的影响。

] 4．It is implied in the last paragraph that ________.A．light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animalsB．light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritagesC．human beings cannot go to the outer spaceD．human beings should reflect on their position in the universe答案D[推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe...”可推断出，我们人类应该反思我们所在宇宙中的身份地位。

]5．What might be the best title for the passage?A．The Magic Light.B．The Orange Haze.C．The Disappearing Night.D．The Rhythms of Nature.答案C[标题归纳题。

整篇文章都在说明光污染给生物带来的巨大影响，本来是宁静、舒适的夜晚也被人类设计的灯光所影响。

所以，标题应该是The Disappearing Night。

]Task 2：词汇积累1．consequence n．后果，结果2．adapt to 适应3．artificial adj.非天然的，人造的4．biological force 生物的力量5．essential adj.基本的6．rhythm n．节奏；韵律7．dimension n．方面8．cultural heritage 文化遗产Task 3：语法填空The __1__ (benefit) of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—__2__ effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is __3__ (large) the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light __4__ (shine) outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the __5__ (dark)of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—__6__ which many forms of life，__7__ (include) ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life __8__ (affect)．答案 1.benefits 2.whose rgely 4.to shine 5．darkness 6.to 7.including8.is affectedTask 4：短文改错(下面文字有六处错误，请改正)Frogs livedliving near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are asmanymuch as a million times brighter than normal，throwingnearnearly every aspect of theirbehavior out of jointincludeincluding their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no lesstrapped by light pollution than ∧the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do needdarkness.Darkness is as essential forto our biological welfare，to our internalclockwork，as light itself.Task 5：攻克长难句(分析句子结构，尝试翻译成汉语)In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy-arching overhead.分析：这是一个由which引导的定语从句。