施心远主编《听力教程》3_(第2版)Unit_5答案
施心远主编听力教程3(第2版)Unit5答案
UNIT 5Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationWindIn the past we watched the wind closely. (1) Hunters knew that game moved (2) with the winds, that keeping the wind in (3) one's face was essential to a successful (4) stalk. Farmers knew that changing winds brought (5) rain or drought.Polynesian* sailors could find islands beyond the (6) horizon by lying on their backs in their (7) canoes and feeling the swells* caused by winds (8) rushing onto islands many miles away. Eskimos could (9) navigate in Arctic whiteouts*, when fog or snow (10) obscured all landmarks, by following remembered currents of air over the snow and ice.Today few people can tell where the wind comes from. We live inside walls, (11) surrounded by chrome and glass, and the winds outside are often (12) gusts of our own making - the wake of (13) rushing automobiles, the tunneling of air down narrow city streets. We get our weather (14) from the news, not from the wind behind us. We hear the wind as house sounds: the (15)rattle of windows, the scratching of branches at a window (16) screen, the moan of a draft under the (17) hall door. These are popmusic, not the (18) classical style of the wind, which is the collision of leaf and blade, the (19) groan of branches under stress, the (20) stirring of ocean waves.Part 2 Listening for GistEleven years ago, a US Congressman from the state of Michigan introduced legislation asking Congress to study slavery reparations(赔偿款). Since then, the cities of Washington, Detroit, Cleveland, Dallas and now Chicago have called on（请求） Congress to consider such payments. Chicago aldermen（市议会长老议员） voted 46-1 in support of the resolution. Alderman Freddrenna Lyle is the descendant of a slave. She says blacks in the United States are still at a disadvantage（处于不利地位） because of slavery."Today, when I am walk across the street and go down the street and go to (the department store) Sak's and people follow me through the store. It is because slavery has taught people to treat us differently based on skin color. So it lives and breathes with us. It is with us every single day."Alderman Ed Smith says there is not enough money in the universe to compensate blacks for what they have suffered because of slavery, but he says it is time for the country to try.Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1. This passage is about slavery reparations.2. The key words are slavery reparation, payments, vote, resolution, descendant, disadvantage, skin color, compensate, blacks, suffer.Section two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueCheapo TicketTerri: Did you see that television series with Michael Palin? Simon: The one where he went around the world(环游世界)in eighty days? Terri: Yeah.Simon: Yeah, it was really good. You know, that's something I've always wanted to do.Terri: Me too. Mind you, you have to put up with a lot of hassles（麻烦事） *. I mean. I went to Hong Kong last year and it was onelong disaster!Simon: Really?Terri: Yeah, I was stuck in Moscow for three days!Simon: How on earth did that happen?Terri: Well, it was like one of those bucket shop（低价位的旅行社）*tickets, you know, from the back of a magazine. I went down tothis little place in central London, in Soho and paid cash. Simon: But they're usually OK, aren't they?Terri: That's what I thought at the time. Now I know better! I mean the plane was delayed two hours leaving Heathrow and we were doinga stopover at Moscow. It was Aeroflot*. So we arrived late atMoscow, in the middle of the night, and we all went into thetransit lounge（转机候机室） and after about two hours thisofficial came in and told us we'd missed the connection（误了联运的车、船、飞机）to Hong Kong; We’d have to stay the nightin the airport hotel ...Simon: But why?Terri: The late departure from Heathrow apparently.Simon: So, what was the hotel like?Terri: Grim* ... more like a prison really. Anyway, the next morningI went down to reception and asked what was happening. Disaster!They'd checked my ticket or something and decided it wasn't aproper Aeroflot one, only valid for the twice-a-week flight, notthe daily flight. So I had to sit there and watch all the otherpassengers go off to catch the next plane to Hong Kong while Iwas stuck in this terrible hotel.Simon: Well, a good chance to explore Moscow.Terri: No way! I didn't have a Russian visa, of course, so they wouldn't let me out. I had to stay there for three days. The pits（条件太恶劣）! No TV, no newspapers, no phone lines and the food wasgross. All because I had this cheapo ticket,Simon: I guess you won't be buying cheap tickets again.Terri: You're not wrong!Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T 2. T 3.F 4.F 5. F 6.F 7.F 8. T Part 2 PassageFrozen Ethnic Foods（冷冻的民族食品）1）T wo years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent and now there are 55.2）A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.3）Other ethnic groceries are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.4）B y 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.5）E urope is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies but the trend could grow here.At Patel Brothers' grocery, you can almost get lost these days in the frozen food section. Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to（为…服务） people from the Indian subcontinent in New York's Jackson Heights neighborhood. Now, there are 55, aisle after aisle crammed with inexpensive, ready-to-eat versions of chicken, chickpeas （鹰嘴豆） and vegetable balls in sauces and spices.A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.Other ethnic groceries, including those offering Mexican food, are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.Filling the frozen food racks are rapidly growing food companies, many of them local or regional, which find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations.The market for ethnic frozen foods reached US$2.2 billion in 2001, according to the American Frozen Food Institute.The biggest market is for Italian food, totaling US$1.28 billion in 2001, up 6.1 percent from 2000. The overall frozen food market also grew by 6.1 percent, totaling US$26.6 billion.But Mexican frozen food sales grew 20.6 percent to US$488 million. Asian frozen entrees, which include Chinese, Thai and Indian, were up 12.3 percent, totaling US$463 million.The steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen foods is partly a result of changing demographics* - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.But other Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic. The busy lives of many people help sales.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa. Still, some are expanding beyond their own ethnic origins.Deep Foods* of Union, New Jersey, is adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru* line of Indian dishes.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, and then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium*dishes.Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods. Just before acquiring Ethnic Gourmet*, Heinz bought a Mexican food manufacturer, Delimex.Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies. But the trend could grow here.A: Pre-listening QuestionThe development and diversity of the delights of Chinese cuisine are representative of China's long history. With each dynasty new recipes were created until the art of food preparation reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty. The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisines is held in high esteem as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal.The diversity of geography, climate, customs and products have led to the evolution of what are called the "Four Flavors" and "Eight Cuisines".Cuisine in China is a harmonious integration of color, redolence, taste, shape and the fineness of the instruments. Among the many cooking methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying, steaming, crisping, baking, and simmering and so on.Cuisine can rise to many different occasions from luxury court feasts,fetes, holy sacrificial rites, joyous wedding ceremonies to simple daily meals and snacks. The art of a good cook is to provide a wholesome and satisfying dish to suit the occasion.Besides the various Han cuisines, the other 55 ethnic groups each have their own. With their peculiar religions and geographical zones, their diets differ respectively and are full of interest.B: Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.C: Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the following chart about the growth of the ethnic foods' market shares in the United States in 2001 and then answer the questions.1.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrantpopulations from Asia, Latin America and Africa.2.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business,then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium dishes and is now adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru line of Indian dishes.D: After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)First, the steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen food is partlya result of changing demographics - by 2010, the Hispanic-Americanpopulation in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent. And the Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic and the busy lives of many people help sales.Second, many food companies find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations.Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Therapy Dogs at Ground ZeroJean Owen is a dog trainer and volunteer with Therapy Dogs International, an organization that provides specially trained dogs and their handlers for visits to nursing homes, hospitals and other institutions. Therapy Dogs International, based in New Jersey, is one of a growing number of organizations that believes that the comfort and love of a pet can increase a person's physical and emotional well-being, promote healing and improve the quality of life.Therapy Dogs International was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite* centers for workers at Ground Zero.In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized* by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the therapy dogs that are used to increase a person's physical and emotional well-being. promote healing and improve the quality of life.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Therapy Dogs International, located in New Jersey,was founded in1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression.Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite centers for workers at Ground Zero. In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."News Item 2RobotsThe new SDR4.X stands only 60 centimeters tall, but Sony still says it could be part of the family. But it will have to be a wealthy family. Its creators say it will cost as much as a luxury car!Electronics companies across the globe are racing to develop the next great robot for use around the home. Some, such as the SDR4X, are humanoid* robots meant to entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks. Others are made to do chores, such as mow the lawn or wash the car.Robots could help kids do their homework, or make learning fun, for example. Rodney Brooks is the Artificial Intelligence Director at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His company, Robot (eye-robot) Corporation, has developed what it calls "remote presence" robots. They allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet. He calls this "rebottling".As for the fun side, the industry is developing companion robots for elderly people who are lonely. And Sony expects to put its SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the latest development in robots for use around the home.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and discuss the following questions.1. It costs as much as a luxury car.2. Sony made it.3. They will entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks.4. It means that these robots allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet.5. Sony will put SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.News Item 3RoboticsThe sophisticated combination of electronics and software empowering today's toys may run tomorrow's household robots, according to engineer Pradeep Khosla, at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.Mr Khosla is presently working on programming robots to duplicate human response, so that in the future robots might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the. handicapped.He says he has made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals, voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.Jeff Burnstein of the Robotics Industries Association says a robot, by definition, is a piece of equipment that is multifunctional, one that can be reprogrammed to do many different tasks.Home robot helpers may be a distant dream, he says, but industrial robots are an essential part of most factories today.As for the future, Pradeep Khosla says a person will be able to turn to his or her robot helper and say - Get me a Coca Cola. That robot will then walk to the refrigerator and open the door.That future is about 20 years off, Mr. Khosla estimates. The children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the present achievements of robotics and the home robot helper in the future.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Future robots will be able to duplicate human response, so that they might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the handicapped. Researchers have already made some gains - robots tha t respond to hand signals,voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.In about 20 years, the children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportScratchTwo years ago, computer software engineers at The Media Lab, MIT's innovative technology research center, launched a new and easy-to-use programming language they called Scratch. Since its launch, Scratch has quickly found its way over the Internet into classrooms and homes around the world, and it’s putting the creative power of software design into the hands of some very young users.Jeff Elkner's students are creating animated stories using Scratch. Most of them, like Lydia Melgar from El Salvador are learning English as a second language. Elkner, a computer science teacher in Arlington, Virginia, introduced Scratch to his students in March.“At first, I wanted to introduce Scratch to teach programming. And what we found when we were working with Scratch was that it was actually amazingly good at teaching language skills."Scratch is an object-oriented language designed to be simple enough for anyone to use. Instead of writing commands out, users choose from commands that come with the program."We were really inspired by Lego bricks and how you build things in the physical world, how could you apply that to a digital space? So we have these bricks or blocks that you snap together. So you have 100 different blocks that you can choose from.”There is also a library of visual elements included in the program:characters, interior and exterior settings to put them in, and objects they can manipulate.Anyone can download Scratch for free from the MIT-sponsored Website at . Brennan says they knew from the start that they wanted Scratch to be easy to use, but they didn't want its simple interface to limit how it was used. Everyone who uses Scratch is encouraged to share their projects. More than 400,000 have been posted on the Website in the past two years.Changing, adapting and re-mixing projects is also encouraged. There have even been some collaborations. Brennan says a game called "Night at Dreary Castle" was the creation of an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, and a 15-year-old from different countries.Today, there are one quarter of a million registered Scratch users. On Saturday, May 16, many of them will celebrate Scratch's second anniversary with World Scratch Day. More than 80 events are scheduled in 30 different countries, from the United States to Iran.A: Directions: Listen to the science report and complete the summary.This science report is about a new and easy-to-use programming language called scratch.B: Directions: Listen to the report again and complete the following sentences.1. Two years ago, computer software engineers at The Media Lab, MIT's innovative technology research center, launched a new and easy-to-use programming language they called Scratch.2.Elkner,a computer science teacher in Arlington, Virginia, introduced Scratch to his students in March.3. Scratch is an object-oriented language designed to be simple enough for anyone to use.4.There are characters, interior and exterior settings to put them in, and objects they can manipulate.5. Anyone can download Scratch for free from the MIT-sponsored Website at .6Everyone who uses Scratch is encouraged to share their projects. More than 400,000 have been posted on the Website in the past two years. 7. Brennan says a game called "Night at Dreary Castle" was the creation of an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, and a 15-year-old from different countries.8. More tha n 80 events are scheduled in30 different countries, from the United States to Iran.Part 2 passageMcDonald’s Co rp1. Revenue, which includes sales and franchise fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.2. Investors say he is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump.3. McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.4. He will be paid a salary of US$I.4 million this year and has options on 600,000 shares if he agrees to take the job.5. Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the other 15 percent.McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year, helped by the strengthening of the euro.Net income rose 29 percent to US$327.4 million, or 26 US cents a share, from US$253.1 million, or 20 US cents a share, a year earlier, after the world's largest hamburger chain posted in the red ink for the fourth quarter, its first loss ever.Revenue, which includes sales and franchise* fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.After about 100 days on the job, Cantalupo says he will spend 40 percent less on new restaurants and renovation this year.McDonald's will add 360 outlets, down from 1,000 last year. It will be "better, not just bigger", the 28-year McDonald's veteran told investors at an April 7 meeting in New York.McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.Last year, shares of McDonald's plummeted* 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.Cantalupo, 59, signed up* actor Paul Newman to supply Newman's own dressings for salads that McDonald's is adding for a healthier menu. McDonald's also will offer yogurt and fruit in kids' Happy Meals and try new seasonings for hamburgers.Longer toasting is just part of the effort to make the buns taste better. McDonald's also changed the recipeExecutives also told investors at the meeting that McDonald's will serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate* customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide, including 13,000 in the US. Franchisees, who were hurt as former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded* sales at existing restaurants, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the oth15 percent.A: Pre-listening QuestionTaco Bell will expand across China in the near future. Pizza Hut will step up its home deliveries. And McDonald's is adding 100 more restaurants to the 560 it already has in the country. KFC is opening its 1,000th outlet in China.As China increasingly embraces the outside world and its snack food, US fast-food chains are kicking off a high-speed expansion in the world's biggest market.Gearing fast food toward local stomachs while retaining its prestige as a foreign brand is a delicate balance.KFC has adapted with fare like the "Old Beijing Twister" - a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside. Plans are also under way for more sites of the Chinese version of Taco Bell, which currently has one location - in Shanghai. grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Yum! is also planning a slower expansion for Pizza Hut. Yum! expects the pizza market to grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.B: Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.C: Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. McDonald's Corp is shifting from fast expansion toward quality control.(McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.)F2. In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose for more than a year.(In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year.)F 3. Net income rose more than US$100 million.(Net income rose from US$253.1 million to US$327.4 million, or US$74.3 millions.)T 4. The company's two-year sales slump is due to a shrift of business focus. (Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.)F 5. Mr Cantalupo has been on the job for exactly three months. (Cantalupo is about 100 days on the job, over three months.)T 6. Last year, shares of McDonald's plunged 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.(Last year, shares of McDonald’s plummeted 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.)F 7. McDonald's is adding new dressings and seasonings for all items in its menu.(McDonald's is adding dressings for salads and try new seasonings for hamburgers.)T8. McDonald's will improve its service by serving food more quickly in a clean and friendly environment.(Executives told investors that McDonald's wil~ serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.)T 9. Over 40% of McDonald's outlets are in the United States. (McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide. Including 13,000 in the US.)T 10. Cantalupo retired as president in January 2002.(Cantalupo stepped down as president in January 2002.)D: After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.New Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting towardimproving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants. Former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded sales at existing restaurants. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control. Franchisees, who were hurt most, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.2. (Open)。
听力教程第二册第二版听力原文与答案(施心远)Unit
Done To be done Relevant information
The place The hall has been hired.
The disco To find someone to do it.
The equipment The sound system and records will be delivered by a local company next week.
Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured are either under fifteen or over sixty. The young and elderly may not judge speeds very well, and may step into the road when you do not expect them. Give them, and the infirm, orblind, or disabled people, plenty of time to cross the road.
B: Er, well Monday to Friday when I’m working er, yeah every day, um but not…not usually at the weekends.
. Coming to a zebra crossing
A.Slow down or stopto let people cross.
B.Signal toother drivers that you mean to slow down or stop.
C.Neverovertakejust before a zebra crossing.
U5听力教程第三版施心远学生用书答案
Unit 5Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to Peter talking to Maggie. Is he asking a question or does he just want her to agree? Tick the right box.1. You’ve been to Canada, haven’t you? ↘2. Oh yes, I remember. You went a couple of years ago, didn’t you? ↗3. Now, let’s see ... It’s er, it’s a mainly agricultural country, isn’t it? ↘4. Well yes, I know, but there’s not much industry once you’ve left the coast, is there?↗5. I see ... Mm, so the North would be the best place to go to, wouldn’t it? ↘6. Yeah. Mind you, I should think the South is very beautiful, isn’t it? ↘7. (laughs) Yeah. That’s right. Oh and what about transport? It’d be better to hire a car,wouldn’t it? ↗8. Really? That’s cheap. It costs that much a day here, doesn’t it? ↘KeyPart 2 Listening and Note-TakingReadingScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of nonreaders atinfant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. Listen to a talk about reading. Take notes and complete the following summary.When should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the ins and outs of reading letters toform words.If a three-year-old wants to read (or even a two-year-old for that matter), the child deserves to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be “bored”when joining a class of non-readers at infant school is the teacher’s affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic*. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought.Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life), there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labelling various items in their room. For instance, by a nice piece of cardboard tied to their bed with BED written in neat-big letters.Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an appeal should not be ignored. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour. Reading should never be made to look likea chore and the child should never be forced to continue, should his interest start to flag*.KeyA. 1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers atinfant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. ReadingIt would be wrong to set a time when a child should start learning to read and write.Parents should encourage youngsters aged two to five to read if they show interests in it,but never force them to learn to read. He or she might later be “bored” when joining aclass of non-readers at infant school. Then it is up to the teacher to see that such a childis given more advanced reading material.Similarly, if a child cannot read at the age of seven, teachers and parents should make certain that he is not dyslexic. If he is, specialist help should immediately besought.Parents should not ignore the young child’s appeal to be taught to read. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour. Reading shouldnever be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, ifhis interests start to flag.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. The line down the middle of the road wavered, zigzagged, and then plunged right offthe pavement.2. My sister likes classical music, but I prefer the kind she dismisses as “junk.”3. Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.4. Babara and Andrew are sitting under the tree by the river.5. She only hoped that the entire incident would be forgotten as soon as possible.Key1. S2. C-C3. CP4. S5. CPLPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Digital SoundScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and compare digital sound and analogical sound.[music]Mike: Wow! Nice. CDs have such good sound. Do you ever wonder how they make CDs?Kathy: Well, they get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Come on. You know what I mean. Why is the sound quality so good? I mean, why do CDs sound so much clearer than cassette tapes?Kathy: Actually, I do know that.Mike: Really?Kathy: It’s all based on digital sound. CDs are digital. Digital sound is like several photos, all taken one after another. It’s kind of like pictures of sound. Theintensity of the sound — how strong it is — is measured very quickly. Then it’smeasured again and again. When we hear the sound, it all sounds like one longpiece of sound, but i t’s really lots of pieces close together. And each piece isreally clear.Mike: So digital is like lots of short “pieces” of sound.Kathy: Exactly. This is different from analog* —that’s how they used to record.Analog is more like one wave of sound. It moves up and down with volume andpitch. Anyway, analog is like a single wave. Digital is like a series of pieces.Mike: OK, I understand that. But how do they make the CDs?Kathy: I told you, Mike. They get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Kathy!Kathy: No. What really happens is first they do a digital recording — on videotape.Mike: On videotape?Kathy: Yeah, they use videotape. So then the videotape is played through a computer.Mike: OK. What does the computer do?Kathy: Well, the computer is used to figure out t he “pieces” of sound we were talkingabout; how long everything is, how far apart spaces are.Mike: OK. So the computer is figuring out those separate “pieces” of sound.Kathy: Yeah. They need to do that to make the master.Mike: The master?Kathy: The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from. It’s made of glass. It’s a glass disk that spins around — just like a regular CD. And the glassdisk is covered with a chemical. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song,into the glass plate. The laser burns through the chemical, but not through theglass.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk.Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.Mike: So CDs really have little holes on the back? I didn’t know that.Kathy: Yeah. Tiny pits. They’re too small to see. Anyway, then they’ve got the master, and they make copies from it. Then you buy your copy and put it in the CDplayer.Mike: Put it in the CD player ... That part I understand.Kathy: There’s another laser in your CD player. The light of the laser reflects off the CD. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror. But thelight that bounces off the pits is scattered. Anyway, the computer in your CDplayer reads the light that bounces off the pits. And you get the music.Mike: Reflected light, huh? ... Uh ... you knew what I like? Just relaxing, listening to music, and not really worrying about how it gets on the disk.Kathy: You want me to explain it again?[music]B. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following outline.C. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the following sentences withthe missing words.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk.Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.KeyA.B. I. The making of CDsA. Recordinga. First they do a digital recording — on videotape.b. Then the videotape is played through a computer.c. The computer figures out those separate “pieces” of sound to make the master.B. The making of the mastera. The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from.b. It’s made of glass, covered with a chemical.c. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glass plate. The laserburns through the chemical, but not through the glass.d. It cuts little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”e. They make copies from it.II. Playing backA. You buy the copy and put it in the CD player.B. The light of the laser reflects off the CD.a. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror.b. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered.c. The computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits.d. You get the music.C.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.Dialogue 2 Lost in TranslationScriptA. Listen to the dialogue. What mistake have some companies made when they usedthe same ad in a different country or area? Complete the following chart.Man: H ere’s one I wouldn’t have thought of. You know those “before and after”commercials for laundry soap?Woman: The ones with a pile of dirty clothes on one side and then the same clothes after they’ve been washed? Sure.Man: There was an American company that had one of those ads. It was really successful in North America. In the ad there was a pile of dirty clothes on theleft, a box of the laundry soap in the middle, and a pile of clean clothes on theright. So, the message was that a box of this detergent*would make reallydirty clothes clean.Woman: Yeah?Man: So what do you think happened when they used the ad in the Middle East?Woman: I don’t know.Man: Think about it. In the Middle East, languages are written from right to left.People look at things from right to left.Woman: So it looked like the soap made the clothes dirty?Man: “Our soap will make your clothes dirty!” Not a very smart ad campaign.Woman: They should have changed the order of the pictures. They should have put the picture of the clean clothes on the left side and the dirty clothes on the right.Man: Really. Oh, here’s another one. Some shirt maker put an ad in a Mexica n magazine.Woman: And?Man: Well, the ad was supposed to say, “When I wore this shirt, I felt good.” But they made a translation mistake.Woman: What did they say?Man: Instead of “When I wore this shirt,” the ad said, “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good.”Woman: “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good”? Gee, changing one little word gave it the opposite meaning.Man: The article says sometimes it’s not just the advertising slogan that gets companies into trouble. Sometimes the company name can scare off business.Woman: What do you mean?Man: Well, there was a large oil company in the United States called Enco: E-N-C-O.Woman: Yeah, I remember them.Man: They opened some gas stations in Japan, and they advertised using their American name. Unfort unately, they didn’t know what the word means inJapanese.Woman: What does it mean?Man: “Enco” is a short way of saying “Engine stop” in Japanese.Woman: Great. Would you buy gasoline from a company that said your car engine would stop?Man: No, and neither did the Japanese.KeyPart 3 PassageToothbrushScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you willhear.Brushing our teeth — such a commonplace activity today, has been around for a long time. Imagine: the ancient Egyptians were already concerned about their dental hygiene! We know this today because they also had the good habit of being entombed* with all their treasures ... So we were able to discover that tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had been frayed* into soft fibers. It’s comical to imagine an Egyptian stopping to brush his teeth after a meal, on his break from building a pyramid!The true ancestor of our toothbrush, however, was invented by the Chinese in the 15th century and brought back to Europe by travellers. This toothbrush was made of hairs from the neck of a Siberian wild boar which were fixed to a bamboo or bone handle. The people of the Occident*, however, found the wild boar hairs too stiff. At the time, very few people in the Western world brushed their teeth, and those who did preferred horse hairs, which were softer than those of the wild boar! In Europe, it was more customary after meals to use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper.Other animals’ hair was also used for dental car e, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it. The animal was imported for its neck hairs for a long, long time ... in fact, until nylon was invented, in the 20th century!In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented by Wallace H.Carothers. In 1938, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity through the commercialization of nylon stockings and of Dr. West’s miracle toothbrush with nylon bristles. The wild boars were finally off the hook!At first, even if there were many advantages to using this new brush instead of the one made with wild boar hairs (which fell out, wouldn’t dry very well or became full of bacteria), the consumers were not entirely satisfied. This is because the nylon bristles were very stiff and hurt the gums. In 1950, Du Pont improved their toothbrush by giving it softer bristles.Today the brands, types, and colours of toothbrushes on the market are almost endless.In spite of this, certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth!Questions:1. How do we know ancient Egyptians were concerned about their dental hygiene?2. What is amusing about the Egyptians?3. Who invented the true ancestor of our toothbrush in the 15th century?4. Which of the following is not true about the people in the Occident in the 15thcentury?5. What did people begin to use for dental care in the 20th century?6. When were toothbrushes with nylon bristles first made?7. What was the fate of the wild boars when D r. West’s toothbrush with nylon bristlesbecame popular?8. Why were the consumers not entirely satisfied with nylon bristles at first?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Most are made of soft nylon bristles.B. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. DC. 1. In Egypt, tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whoseends had been frayed into soft fibers.2. In the 15th century, Europeans usually use a goose feather toothpick, or one made ofsilver or copper to care for their teeth.3. People used animals’ hair for dental care right up until the 20th century when nylonwas invented.4. In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented byWallace H. Carothers.5. Certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for theirteeth.D. 1. Other animals’ hair was also used for dental care, right up until this century. But itwas the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it.2. In 1937, nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this new materialbecame a symbol of modernism and prosperity. The wild boars were finally off thehook!Part 4 NewsNews item 1 Europe’s Migrant CrisisScriptA. Listen to the news item and answer the following questions. Then give a briefsummary about the news item.As migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe, European Union (EU) members held an emergency summit in Brussels.They hope to agree on how to deal with this large movement of refugees and migrants into Europe. The refugees are coming from countries hurt by war and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.News reports say the EU members pledged* to better control European borders from mass migration.The number of refugees could grow into the millions, not thousands, warned the European Union President Donald Tusk.Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical*” that European countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his words, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.”Also at the meeting, the European interior ministers offered new aid to Turkey and other countries that are hosting refugees.Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries toward a preferred final destination. For many, that is Germany or Austria.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. Migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe due to war and poverty in MiddleEast and Africa.2. EU member states held an emergency summit in Brussels.3. They pledged to better control European borders from mass migration.4. They offered new aid to Turkey because it is one of the countries that is hosting alarge number of refugees.5. It is Germany or Austria.This news item is about Migrant crisis in Europe.B. 1. At the emergency summit, the EU president sa id that it is “critical” that Europeancountries end their disagreement over the migrant crisis.2. Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries and the numbergrows into the millions, which causes a lot of chaos.C.Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical” that Europeancountries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his wor ds, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.”News item 2 African Nations Seeking Greater Power at UNScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether the following statements are true (T) orfalse (F). Then give a brief summary about the news item.The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling for African nations to have more power and influence at the United Nations.President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and President Teodoro Obiang Nguema of Equatorial Guinea say the continent should have at least one permanent seat on the powerful U.N. Security Council.The two leaders spoke during a visit to Zimbabwe by Nguema as they prepare for the meeting of the African Union General Assembly later this month in Ethiopia.They also spoke about peace, security and terrorism in Africa. And Nguema said Africannations must work to become economically independent, just as they have become politically independent.He said Africa should have two seats on the U.N. Security Council. But the continent should at least have one, he said, with the power to veto*, or cancel, resolutions.The United States, Russia, Britain, China and France have permanent seats on the council, with veto powers. There are also 10 non-permanent members. These nations serve on the Council for two years. They cannot veto resolutions.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling for African nationsto have more power and influence at the United Nations.2. Both presidents think the African continent should have at least two permanentseats on the powerful U.N. Security Council.3. The two presidents also discussed issues of poverty, security and terrorism inAfrica.4. President of Zimbabwe said that African nations must work to becomeeconomically independent, just as they have become politically independent.5. There are 10 non-permanent members who serve on the UN Security Council fortwo years. They cannot veto resolutions.This news item is about African countries seeking more power and influence at UN.B. 1. President of Equatorial Guinea visited Zimbabwe in preparation for the meeting ofthe African Union General Assembly later this month in Ethiopia.2. Both leaders think African nations should have the permanent seat on the Councilwith the power to veto, or cancel resolutions.C.And Nguema said African nations must work to become economically independent, justas they have become politically independent.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingA Sailor’s LifeScriptListen to a passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.In these days of jet travel, when a trans-Atlantic journey is a matter of a few hours only, it is hard to imagine what travel must have been like a century or two ago, when the only means of travelling vast distances was by sailing boat.A sailor’s life must have been hard, ind eed. Apart from the dangers of life at sea, theremust have been extreme boredom to contend with*, because each journey lasted manyweeks.To pass the time, sailors developed hobbies and crafts. Some sailors drew pictures.Others carved things out of wood, or painted. One of the strangest arts that was developed by these sailors of long ago, was the art of putting a ship into a bottle. And it was an art, because the ships were usually fully-rigged*, and stood much taller than the width of the bottle necks through which they had been placed.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageInternet Overtaking TV among ConsumersScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you willhear.The Internet is drawing hordes of people away from their television sets but will have to become more like TV if it wants to boost its mass appeal to consumers, computer industry executives say.In any event, the two media are converging rapidly in a trend that will accelerate when digital broadcasting replaces the dominant analog television system around the world.In a recently completed survey by Dell Computer Corporation, customers prefer to be on the Internet than to watch television at home.People predict the distinction between television and the Internet — the global network of computer networks — will soon start to blur.This will lead to customized newspapers and video called up at the touch of a button asa powerful rival to television. This is a slowly adapting marketplace, but broadcast televisionmight diminish.The breakthrough will come when digital broadcasting puts television on the same technological footing as computers.At the point when the television signal that the average person gets is digital, there is tremendous leverage to browsing the Internet model and the digital bits that you see on your screen.To get to the 70, 80, 90 percent kind of market that television has, computer industry has to have a model that looks a lot more like television and a lot more like entertainment than any of us have seen so far. By that time the Internet might crowd out television in the battle for consumers.The consumer is slow to adapt always. You can push the cost down and simplify things, but consumer behavior is very, very difficult to change.On the hardware front, the trend is toward affordable computers rather than high-powered machines. People want to see very simple, low-cost devices. You don’t need the complexity if you just have a limited set of tasks.Questions:1. What is true about the Internet?2. What happens to the Internet and TV when the digital broadcasting system isadopted?3. What does the recent survey made by Dell Computer Corporation prove?4. What happens when television is put on the same rank as computers by digitalbroadcasting?5. What will happen when television signal is digital?6. What will computer industry do to get to a high percentage of market shares?7. What is true in terms of changing consumer behavior?8. In terms of hardware, what do consumers prefer?B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. AB. 1. It will have to become more like TV.2. People predict the distinction between television and the Internet will soon start toblur.3. When computer industry has a model that looks a lot more like television andentertainment.4. Yes, it can.5. They want very simple, low-cost devices.Part 2 VideoSmartphone App to Bridge ASEAN Language BarriersScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.The ASEAN One application will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 languages of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as well as English.The Thai company developing the software, iGnite Asia, says it is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.CEO Jirath Pavaravadhana says if successful, the y will expand the application’s capabilities.“The language would be the main theme, but, apart from language, you would have currencies, dir ectories, map and everything.”Head of marketing Nataphol Pavaravadhana says it will also be a useful tool for students studying a neighboring country’s language.“So we intend to penetrate the market by using the university connection, and another one is government support.”The Thai company says it hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that can help ASEAN’s goal of forming an economic community by 2015.ASEAN One is expected to be released around June and will be paid for through advertising, making it free for consumers.Key1. It will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 regional languages of theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations and English.2. It is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.3. It will provide almost all sources of information, such as currencies, directories andmap.4. It will also be a useful tool for students learning the language of a neighboringcountry.5. It hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that can help ASEAN’sgoal of forming an economic community by 2015.。
施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit(00002)
施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit-2答案UNIT 2Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationMy MotherMy mother was an efficient (1) taskmaster who cooked, cleaned and shopped for nine people (2) on a daily basis. She was a disciplinarian* who would (3) make us seven kids walk up and down the stairs a hundred times if we clumped like (4)field hands to-dinner. She also enlisted us to help her in the day's (5) chores.My mother believed that each of her children had a special (6) knack that made him or her invaluable on certain (7)missions.My brother Mike, for example, was believed to have especially (8) keen eyesight. He was hoisted up as a human (9) telescope whenever she needed to see something (10) far away. John was the climber when a kite (11) got caught. My own job was navigator for our (12) gigantic old Chrysler.But my mother's (13) ability to get work done well was only (14) one side. She also had an (15) imagination that carried her in different directions. That (16) allowed her to transcend her everyday life. She did not (17) believe in magic as portrayed on a stage, but (18) valued instead the sound of a metal bucket being (19)filled by a hose, or the persistence of a dandelion at the (20)edge of a woodpile.Part 2 Listening for GistFor hundreds of years man has been fascinated by the idea of flying. One of the first men to produce designs for aircraft was Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian artist who lived in the fifteenth century. However, it was not until the eighteenth century that people began to fly, or perhaps it would be better to say float, across the countryside in balloons. The first hot-air balloon was made in April 1783 by the Montgolfier brothers in France.In the following years many flights were made by balloon. Some of the flights were for pleasure and others were for delivering mail and for military purposes, such as observation and even bombing. However, in the late nineteenth century, airship s superseded balloons as a form of transport.Airships came after balloons. The first powered and manned flight was made by a Frenchman, Giffard, in September 1852. His airship, powered by steam, traveled twenty-seven kilometers from Paris to Trappes at a speed of eight kilometers per hour. However the days of the airship were numbered as the aero- plane became increasingly safe and popular.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This passage is about the early history of flying.2.The key words are designs, an Italian artist, fifteenth century, eighteenthcentury, fly, float, balloons, hot-air balloon, April 1783, airships, September 1852, aeroplane.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueBuying a CarA: Good morning, can I help you?B: Yes, I'm interested in buying a car.A: Have you anything in mind?B: Not really.A: What price are you thinking of?B: Not more than £13,500.A: Let's see now ... Over there between the Lancia and the Volvo is a Mini. It costs £12,830 and is cheap to run: It does 38 miles per gallon. Or there's the Citroen, behind the Mini. It costs £12,070 and is even cheaper to run than the Mini: It does 45 miles per gallon. It's not very fast though. It only does 69 miles per hour.B: No, I think the Mini and the Citroen are too small. I've got three children.Isn't there anything bigger at that price?A: Well, there's the Toyota over there, to the left of the Peugeot. It's very comfortable and costs £13,040. It's cheap to run too, and it also has a built-in radio. Or there's the Renault at the back of the showroom, behind the Peugeot. It costs a little more, £13,240, but it is cheaper to run. It does 40 miles per gallon and the Toyota only does 36 miles per gallon.B: What about that Volkswagen over there, in front of the Toyota?A: That costs a little more than £13,500 but it's a very reliable car. It's more expensive to run than the others: It does 34 miles per gallon, but it's faster.Its top speed is 90 miles per hour. The Toyota's is 80 miles per hour and the Renault's is 82 miles per hour.B: How much does it cost?A: £13,630 and that includes a 5-year guarantee.B: And the Fiat next to the Volkswagen?A: Again that's more than £13,500, but it's cheaper than the Volkswagen. It costs £13,550.B: Hmm well, I'll have to think about it and study these pamphlets. How much is that Peugeot incidentally, behind the Lancia?A: Oh, that's expensive. It costs £15,190.B: Yes, that is a bit too much. Thank you very much for your help. Goodbye.Part 2 PassageThe Wrights ’ StoryOn the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon, four flights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright. The starts were all made from a point on the level sand about 200 feet west of our camp, which is located a quarter of a mile north of the Kill Devil sand hill, in Dare County, North Carolina.The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity* of 27 miles an hour at 10 a.m., and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by the anemometer* at the Kitty Hawk Weather Bureau Station.The flights were directly against the wind. Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alone with no assistance from gravity or any other source whatever.After a run of about 40 feet along a monorail* track, which held the machine 8 inches (20 centimeters) from the ground, it rose from the track and under the direction of the operator climbed upward on an inclined course till a height of 8 or 10 feet from the ground was reached, after which the course was kept as near horizontal as the wind gusts and the limited skill of the operator would permit.Into the teeth of a December gale （逆风） the "Flyer" made its way forward with a speed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 miles an hour through the air.It had previously been decided that for reasons of personal safety these first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible. The height chosen was sufficient for maneuvering* in so gusty a wind and with no previous acquaintance with the conduct of the machine and its controlling mechanisms. Consequently the first flight was short.The succeeding flights rapidly increased in length ，and at the fourth trial a flight of 59 seconds was made, in which time the machine flew a little more than half a mile through the air and a distance of 852 feet over the ground.The landing was due to a slight error of judgment on the part of the aviator. After passing over a little hummock* of sand, in attempting to bring the machine down to the desired height, the operator turned the rudder* too far, and the machine turned downward more quickly than had been expected. The reverse movement of the rudder was a fraction of a second (转瞬间，顷刻) too late to prevent the machine from touching the ground and thus ending the flight. T £13,040 36m/g80m/hC £12,070 45m/g69m/hF£13,550VW £13,630 34m/g 90m/h M £12,830 38m/g V £15,850As winter was already well set in, we should have postponed the trials to a more favorable season, but we were determined to know whether the machine possessed sufficient power to fly, sufficient strength to withstand the shocks of landings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe in boisterous* winds, as well as in calm air.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionOrville Wright (1871-1948), American aeronautical engineer, famous for his role in the first controlled, powered flight in a heavier-than-air machine and for his participation in the design of the aircraft's control system. Wright worked closely with his brother, Wilbur Wright (1867-1912), American aeronautical engineer, in designing and flying the Wright airplane.During the years 1900, 1901, 1902, and 1903, the two brothers developed the first effective airplane. At Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903, Orville Wright made the first successful flight of a piloted, heavier-than-air, self-propelled craft, called the Flyer. The third Flyer, which the Wrights constructed in 1905, was the world's first fully practical airplane. It could bank, turn, circle, make figure eights, and remain in the air for as long as the fuel lasted, up to half an hour on occasion.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1.On the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon, fourflights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright.2.Under the direction of the operator it climbed upward on an inclined coursetill a height of 8 or 10 feet from the ground was reached.3.Into the teeth of a December gale the "Flyer" made its way forward with aspeed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 miles an hour through the air.4.The height chosen was sufficient for maneuvering in so gusty a wind and withno previous acquaintance with the conduct of the machine and its controlling mechanisms.5 .In attempting to bring the machine down to the desired height, the operator turned the rudder too far, and the machine turned downward more quickly than had been expected.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1.Four flights were made on the morning of December 17, 1903, two by OrvilleWright and two by Wilbur Wright.2.The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity of 27 miles an hour at 10a.m., and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by the anemometer at theKitty Hawk Weather Bureau Station.3.Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alonewith no assistance from gravity or any other source whatever.4.The machine ran about 40 feet along a monorail track before it rose from thetrack.5.These first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible for reasonsof personal safety.6.The machine flew a little more than half a mile through the air in 59 secondsat the fourth trial.7.The early landing was due to a slight error of judgment on the part of theaviator.8.As winter was already well set in, it was not a favorable season for the trials. Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.Because they wanted to know whether the machine possessed sufficient powerto fly, sufficient strength to withstand the shocks of landings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe in boisterous winds as well as in calm air.2.(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1World Basketball ChampionshipThe semifinal round of the World Basketball Championship tournament is later today (Saturday) in the mid-western (US) state of Indiana.Argentina is the only undefeated team at the tournament. The South Americans have outscored their opponents by an average of 19 points per game. On Wednesday, Argentina shocked the host United States (87-80) to snap a 58-game international winning streak* by professional squads of the National Basketball Association players.Argentina also defeated Brazil (78-67) to reach the semifinal round where the team will face Germany. Primarily using European experienced players, Argentina defeated Germany earlier in the second round, 86-77.Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States (81-78) in the quarterfinals, plays upstart* New Zealand. But Yugoslav head coach Svetislav Pesic says he is not surprised.The losers of each game will play for the third place on Sunday before the championship game.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the semifinal round of the World Basketball Championship tournament.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.In the second round Argentina defeated Germany 86-77.2.Argentina also defeated Brazil to reach the seminal round.3.Before the semifinal round Argentina is the only undefeated team at thetournament.4.Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States in thequarterfinals, plays against New Zealand.5.The four teams that will play in the semifinals are Argentina, Germany,Yugoslavia and New Zealand.6.The losers of each game will play for the third place before thechampionship game.News Item 2European FootballEnglish football club Liverpool crashed out of the Champions League, despite fighting back from a 3-0 deficit to tie FC Basel 3-3 in Switzerland. Liverpool needed a win Tuesday to qualify / for the second phase. Instead, the English club will play for the UEFA Cup. Basel became the first Swiss side ever to reach the last 16 of the Champions League, qualifying second in Group B· behind Valencia of Spain, which beat Spartak Moscow 3-0.English champion Arsenal played to a scoreless home draw against Dutch-side PSV Eindhoven to top Group A and move into the second phase, where the team will be seeded. They'll be joined by German team Borussia Dortmund*, which advanced despite a 1-0 loss to Auxerre in France.AS Roma played to a 1-1 draw against AEK Athens in Italy, to capture second place in Group C. Group winner Real Madrid of Spain will also advance, after drawing 1-1 with Racing Genk* in Belgium.In Group D, Inter Milan of Italy got a pair of goals from Hernan Crespo to beat Ajax Amsterdam 2-1 in the Netherlands. Both teams qualified at the expense of French side Lyon, which was held to a 1-1 draw by Rosenborg in Norway.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about European football matches.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.TNews Item 3Kemper Open Golf PreviewThe annual Kemper Open* golf tournament gets underway Thursdaynear Washington at the Tournament Players Club at Avenel.Twenty-eight-year-old American Rich Beem is back to defend his title. Before his victory here, he had missed the halfway cuts in five straight tournaments. He hopes he can again find his form during the next four days, as he is currently 132nd on the money list.The player who is number-one on golf's money list and in the world rankings, American Tiger Woods, decided to skip this event after winningthe rain-delayed Memorial Open in (Dublin) Ohio on Monday.Compatriot* Jeff Sluman says even Tiger has to take periodic breaks.He's unbelievable. He's got an opportunity, as I said even a couple years ago, if he stays healthy and does the right things, he can maybe be the best golfer of all time, and he's showing right now what he can do. The kid is just a fabulous,fabulous player, but he can't play every week."Eight of the past 10 Kemper Open winners are in this year's field of 156 golfers, who are vying for three million dollars in prize money. The first-place check has been increased from 450 thousand to 540 thousand dollars.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about an annual Kemper Open golf tournament on Thursday. Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions."1.The Kemper Open golf tournament will be held on Thursday.2.Rich Beem comes back to defend his title.3.He is currently ranked 132nd on the money list.4.Tiger Woods is number-one on golf's money list and in the world rankings.5.He has to take a break after a match on Monday.6.There are 156 golfers taking part in this event.7.The total prize money is three million dollars.8.The prize for the first place is 540 thousand dollarsSection Four Supplementary ExercisePart 1 Feature ReportUS Men’s National Collegiate Basketball Tournament The widely followed US men's national collegiate basketball tournament concludes tonight (9 p.m. EST) in Atlanta with a championship match-up* between Maryland and Indiana.Maryland is in the championship game for the first time in the school history. To get here, the Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketball traditions: Kentucky, Connecticut and Kansas.Now they face another, Indiana. While Maryland was one of the four top seeds in this 65-team tournament, the Indiana Hoosiers* were a fifth seed, and virtually no one expected them to reach the title game*. But they knocked off defending champion Duke in the third round, and in the semifinals they upset Oklahoma.Maryland coach Gary Williams knows it will take a solid effort to win. "Any team that's gotten to where Indiana has gotten, you don't look at their record. You look at how they're playing now, how they play. Any time a team plays team defense like they do, they have a chance to beat anybody. That's what concerns me the most, their ability to play together as a unit, because a lot of times you can play with anybody when you play that close together like they do."Indiana has 27 wins and 11 defeats this season. The last time a team won the national championship with as many as 11 losses was Kansas in 1988. Maryland has a school record of 31 wins against only 4 losses. It has three seniors in the starting line-up* who reached the semifinals last year, and they are determined that this time they will take home the school's first men's national basketball championship.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about two teams that will compete for the championship of US men's national collegiate basketball tournament.Exercises BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.M aryland moves in the championship game for the first time in the schoolhistory.2.The Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketballtraditions before it reached the title game.3.Among the 65 teams, the Indiana team was a fifth seed.4.Indiana has 27 wins and 11 defeats this season.st year the Maryland Terrapins reached the semifinals.6. In 1988, the team who won the national championship with as many as 11 losses was Kansas.Part 2 PassageWho on Earth Invented the Airplane?1. He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Parisapartment and during the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visitfriends.2. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as theinventor of the airplane all over Europe.3. But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicitan avalanche of arguments as to why their flight didn't count.4. His flight did meet the criteria: He took off unassisted, publicly flewa predetermined length and then landed safely.5. By the time the Brazilian got around to(开始考虑做) his maidenflight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times,including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Ask anyone in Brazil who invented the airplane, and they will say Alberto Santos-Dumont, a bon vivant as well-known for his aerial prowess as he was for his dandyish* dress and place in the high-society life of Belle Epoque Paris.As Paul Hoffman recounts in his biography Wings of Madness, the eccentric* Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying machine."He would keep his dirigible* tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartment at the Champs Elysees, and every night he would fly to Maxim's for dinner. During the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends," Hoffman said.It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption* with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as the inventor of the airplane all over Europe.It was only later that Orville and Wilbur Wright proved they had beaten Santos-Dumont at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, three years earlier.But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicit* an avalanche of arguments as to why their flight didn't count."It's one of the biggest frauds* in history," scoffs Wagner Diogo, a taxi driver in Rio de Janeiro."No one saw it, and they used a catapult* to launch the airplane."The debate centers on the definition of flight.Henrique Lins de Barros, a Brazilian physicist and Santos-Dumont expert, argues that the Wright brothers' flight did not fulfill the conditions that had been set up at the time to distinguish a true flight from a prolonged hop.Santos-Dumont's flight did meet the criteria: He took off unassisted, publicly flew a predetermined length and then landed safely."If we understand what the criteria were at the end of the 19th century,the Wright brothers simply did not fill any of the prerequisites," said Lins de Barros.Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.Even Santos-Dumont experts like Lins de Barros concede* this is wrong. He says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in / Washington, says such claims are preposterous*.By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Even in France the Wrights are considered to have flown beforeSantos-Dumont, says Claude Carlier, director of the French Center for the History of Aeronautics and Space.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in .1901,Santos-Dumont helped prove that air travel could be controlled.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionAlberto Santos-Dumont was a wealthy Brazilian aviation pioneer who came to Paris, France, at the age of 18 to live and study. He attempted his first balloon ascent in 1897 and had his first successful ascent in 1898. He began to construct dirigible airships powered with gasoline-powered engines in 1898 and built and flew fourteen of the small dirigibles. In 1901, he flew his hydrogen-filled airship from St. Cloud, around the Eiffel Tower, and back to St. Cloud. It was the first such flight and won him the Deutsch Prize and a prize from the Brazilian government. In 1902, he attempted to cross the Mediterranean in an airship but crashed into the sea. In 1909, he produced his "Demoiselle" or "Grasshopper" monoplane, the precursor to the modern light plane.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.-T- 1. The Brazilians believe that it was Alberto Santos-Dumont who invented the airplane.(Ask anyone in Brazil who invented the airplane, and they will say Alberto Santos-Dumont ... )-T- 2. In Paul Hoffman's day Alberto Santos-Dumont was the only person to own a flying machine.(As Paul Hoffman recounts in his biography Wings of Madness, the eccentric Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying machine.)-T- 3. According to Hoffman, Alberto Santos-Dumont used his dirigible as a means of transportation.(He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartment at the Champs Elysees, and he would fly to Maxim's for dinner every night and he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends during the day.)-F 4. On November 12, 1906, Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like device with boxy wings some 200 meters on the outskirts of Paris.(It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris.)-T- 5. Some Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with assistance by a device.(Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.)-T- 6. Some experts believe steady wind might have helped the Flyer's takeoff. (Even Santos-Dumont experts like Lins de Barros ... , Lins de Barros says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.)-F7. Officials from the US National Air Force say such claims are groundless.(Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in Washington, says such claims are preposterous.)-T-8. The Wrights had already made several successful flights before Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight.(By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in 1901, Santos-Dumonthelped prove that air travel could be controlled.2.(Open)。
U5听力教程第三版施心远学生用书答案
Unit 5Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to Peter talking to Maggie. Is he asking a question or does he just want her to agree Tick the right box.1. You’ve been to Canada, haven’t you ↘2. Oh yes, I remember. You went a couple of years ago, didn’t you ↗3. Now, let’s see ... It’s er, it’s a mainly agricultural country, isn’t it ↘4. Well yes, I know, but there’s not much industry once you’ve leftthe coast, is there ↗5. I see ... Mm, so the North would be the best place to go to, wouldn’t it ↘6. Yeah. Mind you, I should think the South is very beautiful, isn’t it ↘7. (laughs) Yeah. That’s right. Oh and what about transport It’d bebetter to hire a car, wouldn’t it ↗8. Really That’s cheap. It costs that much a day here, doesn’t it ↘KeyPart 2 Listening and Note-TakingReadingScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a classof nonreaders at infant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. Listen to a talk about reading. Take notes and complete the following summary.When should a child start learning to read and write This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the ins and outs of reading letters to form words.If a three-year-old wants to read (or even a two-year-old for that matter), the child deserves to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers at infant school is the teacher’s affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic*. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought.Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life), there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labelling various items in their room. For instance, by a nice piece of cardboard tied to their bed with BED written in neat-big letters.Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an appeal should not be ignored. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour. Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, should his interest start to flag*.KeyA. 1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a classof non-readers at infant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. ReadingIt would be wrong to set a time when a child should start learning to read and write. Parents should encourage youngsters aged two to five to read if they show interests in it, but never force them to learn to read. He or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers at infant school. Then it is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, if a child cannot read at the age of seven, teachers and parents should make certain that he is not dyslexic. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought.Parents should not ignore the young child’s appeal to be taught to read.But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a senseof humour. Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the childshould never be forced to continue, if his interests start to flag.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. The line down the middle of the road wavered, zigzagged, and thenplunged right off the pavement.2. My sister likes classical music, but I prefer the kind she dismisses as “junk.”3. Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.4. Babara and Andrew are sitting under the tree by the river.5. She only hoped that the entire incident would be forgotten as soon as possible.Key1. S2. C-C3. CP4. S5. CPLPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Digital SoundScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and compare digital sound and analogical sound.[music]Mike: Wow! Nice. CDs have such good sound. Do you ever wonder how they make CDsKathy: Well, they get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Come on. You know what I mean. Why is the sound quality so goodI mean, why do CDs sound so much clearer than cassette tapesKathy: Actually, I do know that.Mike: ReallyKathy: It’s all based on digital sound. CDs are digital.Digital sound is like several photos, all taken one after another.It’s kind of like pictures of sound. The intensity of the sound —how strong it is — is measured very quickly. Then it’s measuredagain and again. When we hear the sound, it all sounds like one longpiece of sound, but i t’s really lots of pieces close together. Andeach piece is really clear.Mike: So digital is like lots of short “pieces” of sound.Kathy: Exactly. This is different from analog* —that’s how they used to record. Analog is more like one wave of sound. It movesup and down with volume and pitch. Anyway, analog is like a singlewave. Digital is like a series of pieces.Mike: OK, I understand that. But how do they make the CDsKathy: I told you, Mike. They get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Kathy!Kathy: No. What really happens is first they do a digital recording — on videotape.Mike: On videotapeKathy: Yeah, they use videotape. So then the videotape is played through a computer.Mike: OK. What does the computer doKathy: Well, the computer is used to figure out the “pieces” of sound we were talking about; how long everything is, how far apart spaces are.Mike: OK. So the computer is figuring out those separate “pieces” of sound.Kathy: Yeah. They need to do that to make the master.Mike: The masterKathy: The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from. It’s made of glass. It’s a glass disk that spins around— just like a regular CD. And the glass disk is covered with achemical. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song, into theglass plate. The laser burns through the chemical, but not throughthe glass.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plateKathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser putsin the pits.Mike: So CD s really have little holes on the back I didn’t know that.Kathy: Yeah. Tiny pits. They’re too small to see. Anyway, then they’ve got the master, and they make copies from it. Then youbuy your copy and put it in the CD player.Mike: Put it in the CD player ... That part I understand.Kathy: There’s another laser in your CD player. The light of the laser reflects off the CD. The smooth part of the CD reflectsstraight back, like a mirror. But the light that bounces off the pitsis scattered. Anyway, the computer in your CD player reads the lightthat bounces off the pits. And you get the music.Mike: Reflected light, huh ... Uh ... you knew what I like Just relaxing, listening to music, and not really worrying about howit gets on the disk.Kathy: You want me to explain it again[music]B. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following outline.C. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the followingsentences with the missing words.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plateKathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser putsin the pits.KeyA.B. I. The making of CDsA. Recordinga. First they do a digital recording — on videotape.b. Then the videotape is played through a computer.c. The computer figures out those separate “pieces” of sound to make the master.B. The making of the mastera. The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from.b. It’s made of glass, covered with a chemical.c. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glassplate. The laser burns through the chemical, but not through the glass.d. It cuts little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”e. They make copies from it.II. Playing backA. You buy the copy and put it in the CD player.B. The light of the laser reflects off the CD.a. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror.b. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered.c. The computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits.d. You get the music.C. Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plateKathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser putsin the pits.Dialogue 2 Lost in TranslationScriptA. Listen to the dialogue. What mistake have some companies made when theyused the same ad in a different country or area Complete the following chart.Man: Here’s one I wouldn’t have thought of. You know those “before and after” commercials for laundry soapWoman: The ones with a pile of dirty clothes on one side and then the same clothes after they’ve been washed Sure.Man: There was an American company that had one of those ads.It was really successful in North America. In the ad there was apile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the laundry soap in themiddle, and a pile of clean clothes on the right. So, the messagewas that a box of this detergent*would make really dirty clothesclean.Woman: YeahMan: So what do you think happened when they used the ad in the Middle EastWoman: I don’t know.Man: Think about it. In the Middle East, languages are written from right to left. People look at things from right to left.Woman: So it looked like the soap made the clothes dirtyMan: “Our soap will make your clothes dirty!” Not a very smart ad campaign.Woman: They should have changed the order of the pictures.They should have put the picture of the clean clothes on the leftside and the dirty clothes on the right.Man: Really. Oh, here’s another one. Some shirt maker put an ad in a Mexican magazine.Woman: AndMan: Well, the ad was supposed to say, “When I wore this shirt, I felt good.” But they made a translation mistake.Woman: What did they sayMan: Instead of “When I wore this shirt,” the ad said, “Until I wore this shirt,I felt good.”Woman: “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good” Gee, changing one little word gave it the opposite meaning.Man: The article says sometimes it’s not just the advertising slogan that gets companies into trouble. Sometimes thecompany name can scare off business.Woman: What do you meanMan: Well, there was a large oil company in the United States called Enco: E-N-C-O.Woman: Yeah, I remember them.Man: They opened some gas stations in Japan, and they advertised using their American name. Unfortunately, they didn’tknow what the word means in Japanese.Woman: What does it meanMan: “Enco” is a short way of saying “Engine stop” in Japanese.Woman: Great. Would you buy gasoline from a company that said your car engine would stopMan: No, and neither did the Japanese.Part 3 PassageToothbrushScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you will hear.Brushing our teeth — such a commonplace activity today, has been around for a long time. Imagine: the ancient Egyptians were already concerned about their dental hygiene! We know this today because they also had the good habit of being entombed* with all their treasures ... So we were able to discover that tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had been frayed* into soft fibers. It’s comical to imagine an Egyptian stopping to brush his teeth after a meal, on his break from building a pyramid!The true ancestor of our toothbrush, however, was invented by the Chinese in the 15th century and brought back to Europe by travellers. This toothbrush was made of hairs from the neck of a Siberian wild boar which were fixed to a bamboo or bone handle. The people of the Occident*, however, found the wild boar hairs too stiff. At the time, very few people in the Western world brushed their teeth, and those who did preferred horse hairs, which were softer than those of the wild boar! In Europe, it was more customary after meals to use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper.Other animals’ hair was also used for dental car e, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it. The animal was imported for its neck hairs for a long, long time ... in fact, until nylon was invented, in the 20th century!In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, ., nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity through the commercialization of nylon stockings and of Dr. West’s miracle toothbrush with nylon bristles. The wild boars were finally off the hook!At first, even if there were many advantages to using this new brush instead of the one made with wild boar hairs (which fell out, wouldn’t dry very well or became full of bacteria), the consumers were not entirely satisfied. This is because the nylon bristles were very stiff and hurt the gums. In 1950, Du Pont improved their toothbrush by giving it softer bristles.Today the brands, types, and colours of toothbrushes on the market are almost endless. In spite of this, certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth!Questions:1. How do we know ancient Egyptians were concerned about their dental hygiene2. What is amusing about the Egyptians3. Who invented the true ancestor of our toothbrush in the 15th century4. Which of the following is not true about the people in the Occidentin the 15th century5. What did people begin to use for dental care in the 20th century6. When were toothbrushes with nylon bristles first made7. What was the fate of the wild boars when D r. West’s toothbrush withnylon bristles became popular8. Why were the consumers not entirely satisfied with nylon bristles at firstC. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Most are made of soft nylon bristles.B. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. DC. 1. In Egypt, tombs from 3,000 years before Christ containedsmall tree branches whose ends had been frayed into soft fibers.2. In the 15th century, Europeans usually use a goose feather toothpick,or one made of silver or copper to care for their teeth.3. People used animals’ hair for dental care right up until the 20thcentury when nylon was invented.4. In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, ., nylon was inventedby Wallace H. Carothers.5. Certain African and American populations still use tree branches tocare for their teeth.D. 1. Other animals’ hair was also used for dental care, rightup until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it.2. In 1937, nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, thisnew material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity. The wild boars were finally off the hook!Part 4 NewsNews item 1 Europe’s Migrant CrisisScriptA. Listen to the news item and answer the following questions. Then give a brief summary about the news item.As migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe, European Union (EU) members held an emergency summit in Brussels.They hope to agree on how to deal with this large movement of refugees and migrants into Europe. The refugees are coming from countries hurt by war and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.News reports say the EU members pledged* to better control European borders from mass migration.The number of refugees could grow into the millions, not thousands, warned the European Union President Donald Tusk.Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical*” thatEuropean countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his words, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.”Also at the meeting, the European interior ministers offered new aid to Turkey and other countries that are hosting refugees.Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries toward a preferred final destination. For many, that is Germany or Austria.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. Migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe due to war and poverty in Middle East and Africa.2. EU member states held an emergency summit in Brussels.3. They pledged to better control European borders from mass migration.4. They offered new aid to Turkey because it is one of the countriesthat is hosting a large number of refugees.5. It is Germany or Austria.This news item is about Migrant crisis in Europe.B. 1. At the emergency summit, the EU president sa id that it is “critical” that European countries end their disagreement over the migrant crisis.2. Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries andthe number grows into the millions, which causes a lot of chaos.C. Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical” that European countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his wor ds, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.”News item 2 African Nations Seeking Greater Power at UNScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Then give a brief summary about the news item.The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling for African nations to have more power and influence at the United Nations.President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and President Teodoro Obiang Nguema of Equatorial Guinea say the continent should have at least one permanent seat on the powerful . Security Council.The two leaders spoke during a visit to Zimbabwe by Nguema as they prepare for the meeting of the African Union General Assembly later this month in Ethiopia.They also spoke about peace, security and terrorism in Africa. And Nguemasaid African nations must work to become economically independent, just as they have become politically independent.He said Africa should have two seats on the . Security Council. But the continent should at least have one, he said, with the power to veto*, or cancel, resolutions.The United States, Russia, Britain, China and France have permanent seats on the council, with veto powers. There are also 10 non-permanent members. These nations serve on the Council for two years. They cannot veto resolutions.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.Key1. The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling for African nations to have more power and influence at the United Nations.Both presidents think the African continent should have at least two permanent seats on the powerful . Security Council.3. The two presidents also discussed issues of poverty, securityand terrorism in Africa.become economically independent, just as they have become politically independent.5. There are 10 non-permanent members who serve on the UN SecurityCouncil for two years. They cannot veto resolutions.This news item is about African countries seeking more power and influence at UN.B. 1. President of Equatorial Guinea visited Zimbabwe in preparation for the meeting of the African Union General Assembly later this month in Ethiopia.2. Both leaders think African nations should have the permanent seaton the Council with the power to veto, or cancel resolutions.C. And Nguema said African nations must work to become economically independent, just as they have become politically independent.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingA Sailor’s LifeScriptListen to a passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.In these days of jet travel, when a trans-Atlantic journey is a matter of a few hours only, it is hard to imagine what travel must have been like a centuryor two ago, when the only means of travelling vast distances was by sailing boat.A sailor’s life must have been hard, indeed. Apart from the dangers of life at sea, there must have been extreme boredom to contend with*, because each journey lasted many weeks.To pass the time, sailors developed hobbies and crafts. Some sailors drew pictures. Others carved things out of wood, or painted. One of the strangest arts that was developed by these sailors of long ago, was the art of putting a ship into a bottle. And it was an art, because the ships were usually fully-rigged*, and stood much taller than the width of the bottle necks through which they had been placed.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageInternet Overtaking TV among ConsumersScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you will hear.The Internet is drawing hordes of people away from their television sets but will have to become more like TV if it wants to boost its mass appeal to consumers, computer industry executives say.In any event, the two media are converging rapidly in a trend that will accelerate when digital broadcasting replaces the dominant analog television system around the world.In a recently completed survey by Dell Computer Corporation, customers prefer to be on the Internet than to watch television at home.People predict the distinction between television and the Internet — the global network of computer networks — will soon start to blur.This will lead to customized newspapers and video called up at the touch of a button as a powerful rival to television. This is a slowly adapting marketplace, but broadcast television might diminish.The breakthrough will come when digital broadcasting puts television on the same technological footing as computers.At the point when the television signal that the average person gets is digital, there is tremendous leverage to browsing the Internet model and the digital bits that you see on your screen.To get to the 70, 80, 90 percent kind of market that television has, computer industry has to have a model that looks a lot more like television and a lot more like entertainment than any of us have seen so far. By that time the Internet might crowd out television in the battle for consumers.The consumer is slow to adapt always. You can push the cost down and simplify things, but consumer behavior is very, very difficult to change.On the hardware front, the trend is toward affordable computers rather thanhigh-powered machines. People want to see very simple, low-cost devices. You don’t need the complexity if you just have a limited set of tasks.Questions:1. What is true about the Internet2. What happens to the Internet and TV when the digital broadcastingsystem is adopted3. What does the recent survey made by Dell Computer Corporation prove4. What happens when television is put on the same rank as computersby digital broadcasting5. What will happen when television signal is digital6. What will computer industry do to get to a high percentage of market shares7. What is true in terms of changing consumer behavior8. In terms of hardware, what do consumers preferB. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. AB. 1. It will have to become more like TV.2. People predict the distinction between television and the Internetwill soon start to blur.3. When computer industry has a model that looks a lot more liketelevision and entertainment.4. Yes, it can.5. They want very simple, low-cost devices.Part 2 VideoSmartphone App to Bridge ASEAN Language BarriersScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.The ASEAN One application will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 languages of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as well as English.The Thai company developing the software, iGnite Asia, says it is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.CEO Jirath Pavaravadhana says if successful, they will expand the application’s capabilities.“The language would be the main theme, but, apart from language, you would have currencies, directories, map and everything.”Head of marketing Nataphol Pavaravadhana says it will also be a useful tool for students studying a neighboring country’s language.“So we intend to penetrate the market by using the university connection,and another one is government support.”The Thai company says it hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that can help ASEAN’s goal of forming an economic community by 2015.ASEAN One is expected to be released around June and will be paid for through advertising, making it free for consumers.Key1. It will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 regionallanguages of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and English.2. It is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.3. It will provide almost all sources of information, such as currencies,directories and map.4. It will also be a useful tool for students learning the language ofa neighboring country.5. It hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that canhelp ASEAN’s goal of forming an economic community by 2015.。
施心远听力教程第三答案UNIT5答案完整版
UNIT 5Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationWindIn the past we watched the wind closely. (1) Hunters knew that game moved (2) with the winds, that keeping the wind in (3) one's face was essential to a successful (4) stalk. Farmers knew that changing winds brought (5) rain or drought.Polynesian* sailors could find islands beyond the (6) horizon by lying on their backs in their (7) canoes and feeling the swells* caused by winds (8) rushing onto islands many miles away. Eskimos could (9) navigate in Arctic whiteouts*, when fog or snow (10) obscured all landmarks, by following remembered currents of air over the snow and ice.Today few people can tell where the wind comes from. We live inside walls, (11) surrounded by chrome and glass, and the winds outside are often (12) gusts of our own making - the wake of (13) rushing automobiles, the tunneling of air down narrow city streets. We get our weather (14) from the news, not from the wind behind us. We hear thewind as house sounds: the (15) rattle of windows, the scratching of branches at a window (16) screen, the moan of a draft under the (17) hall door. These are pop music, not the (18) classical style of the wind, which is the collision of leaf and blade, the (19) groan of branches under stress, the (20) stirring of ocean waves.Part 2 Listening for GistEleven years ago, a US Congressman from the state of Michigan introduced legislation asking Congress to study the issue of slavery reparations. Since then, the cities of Washington, Detroit, Cleveland, Dallas and now Chicago have called on Congress to consider such payments. Chicago aldermen voted 46-1 in support of the resolution. Alderman Freddrenna Lyle is the descendant of a slave. She says blacks in the United States are still at a disadvantage because of slavery."Today, when I am down the street and cross the street and go to (the department store) Sak's and people follow me through the store. It is because slavery has taught people to treat us differently based on skin color. It lives and breathes with us. It is with us every single day."Alderman Ed Smith says there is not enough money in the universe to compensate blacks for what they have suffered because of slavery, but he says it is time for the country to try.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1)This passage is about slavery reparations.The key words are slavery reparation, payments, vote, resolution, descendant, disadvantage, skin color, compensate, blacks, suffer.Section two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueCheapo TicketTerri: Did you see that television series with Michael Palin? Simon: The one where he went around the world in eighty days? Terri: Yeah.Simon: Yeah, it was really good. You know, that's something I've always wanted to do.Terri: Me too. Mind you, you have to put up with a lot of hassles *. I mean. I went to Hong Kong last year and it was one longdisaster!Simon: Really?Terri: Yeah, I was stuck in Moscow for three days!Simon: How on earth did thathappen?Terri: Well, it was like one of those bucket shop* tickets, you know, from the back of a magazine. I went down to this little place incentral London, in Soho and paid cash.Simon: But they're usually OK, aren't they?Terri: That's what I thought at the time. Now I know better! I mean the plane was delayed two hours leaving Heathrow and we weredoing a stopover at Moscow. It was Aeroflot*. So we arrivedlate at Moscow, in the middle of the night, and we all went intothe transit lounge and after about two hours this official came inand told us we'd missed the connection to Hong Kong; we'dhave to stay the night in the airport hotel ...Simon: But why?Terri: The late departure from Heathrow apparently.Simon: So, what was the hotel like?Terri: Grim* ... more like a prison really. Anyway, the next morning I went down to reception and asked what was happening.Disaster! They'd checked my ticket or something and decided itwasn't a proper Aeroflot one, only valid for the twice-a-weekflight, not the daily flight. So I had to sit there and watch all theother passengers go off to catch the next plane to Hong Kongwhile I was stuck in this terrible hotel.Simon: Well, a good chance to explore Moscow.Terri: No way! I didn't have a Russian visa, of course, so they wouldn't let me out. I had to stay there for three days. The pits!No TV, no newspapers, no phone lines and the food was gross.All because I had this cheapo ticket,Simon: I guess you won't be buying cheap tickets again.Terri: You're not wrong!ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T 2. T 3.F 4.F 5. F 6.F 7.F 8. TPart 2 PassageFrozen Ethnic Foods1）Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent and now there are 55.2） A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.3）Other ethnic groceries are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.4）By 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.5）Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies but the trend could grow here.At Patel Brothers' grocery, you can almost get lost these days in the frozen food section. Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent in New York's Jackson Heights neighborhood. Now, there are 55, aisle after aisle crammed with inexpensive, ready-to-eat versions of chicken, chick peas (鹰嘴豆) and vegetable balls in sauces and spices.A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.Other ethnic groceries (食品杂货店), including those offeringMexican food, are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.Filling the frozen food racks are rapidly growing food companies, many of them local or regional, which find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations.The market for ethnic frozen foods reached US$2.2 billion in 2001, according to the American Frozen Food Institute.The biggest market is for Italian food, totaling US$1.28 billion in 200 I, up 6.1 percent from 2000. The overall frozen food market also grew by 6.1 percent, totaling US$26.6 billion.But Mexican frozen food sales grew 20.6 percent to US$488 million. Asian frozen entrees, which include Chinese, Thai and Indian, were up 12.3 percent, totaling US$463 million.The steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen foods is partly a result of changing demographics* - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.But other Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic. The busy lives of many people help sales ..Six nights out of seven, it is well past midnight when Sanjay Kumar,a software manager at the brokerage* firm, arrives home from his office in Stamford, Connecticut.His refrigerator is bare but his freezer is full. So Kumar, 32, dines on chicken curry, chick peas, okra cooked with tomatoes and stuffed parathas. Total cost: about US$8.75.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa. Still, some are expanding beyond their own ethnic origins.Deep Foods* of Union, New Jersey, is adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru* line of Indian dishes.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium* dishes.Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods. Just before acquiring Ethnic Gourmet*, Heinz bought a Mexican food manufacturer, Delimex.Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies. But the trend could grow here.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionThe development and diversity of the delights of Chinese cuisine are representative of China's long history. With each dynasty new recipes were created until the art of food preparation reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty. The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisines is held in high esteem as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal.The diversity of geography, climate, customs and products have led to the evolution of what are called the "Four Flavors" and "Eight Cuisines".Cuisine in China is a harmonious integration of color, redolence, taste, shape and the fineness of the instruments. Among the many cooking methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying, steaming, crisping, baking, and simmering and so on.Cuisine can rise to many different occasions from luxury court feasts, fetes, holy sacrificial rites, joyous wedding ceremonies to simple daily meals and snacks. The art of a good cook is to provide a wholesome and satisfying dish to suit the occasion.Besides the various Han cuisines, the other 55 ethnic groups each have their own. With their peculiar religions and geographical zones, their diets differ respectively and are full of interest.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the following chart about the growth of the ethnic foods' market shares in the United States in 2001 and then answer the questions.1.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa.2.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snackbusiness, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s.It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium dishes and is now adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru line of Indian dishes.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the followingquestions.1)First, the steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen food is partly a result of changing demographics - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent. And the Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic and the busy lives of many people help sales.Second, many food companies find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations. Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Therapy Dogs at Ground ZeroJean Owen is a dog trainer and volunteer with Therapy Dogs International, an organization that provides specially-trained dogs and their handlers for visits to nursing homes, hospitals and other institutions.Therapy Dogs International, based in New Jersey, is one of a growing number of organizations that believes that the comfort and love of a pet can increase a person's physical and emotional well-being, promote healing and improve the quality of life.Therapy Dogs International was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite* centers for workers at Ground Zero.In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized* by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the therapy dogs that are used to increase a person's physical and emotional well-being. promote healing and improve the quality of life.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Therapy Dogs International, located in New Jersey, was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite centers for workers at Ground Zero. In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."News Item 2RobotsThe new SDR4.X stands only 60 centimeters tall, but Sony still says it could be part of the family. But it will have to be a wealthy family. Its creators say it will cost as much as a luxury car!Electronics companies across the globe are racing to develop the next great robot for use around the home. Some, such as the SDR4X, arehumanoid* robots meant to entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks. Others are made to do chores, such as mow the lawn or wash the car.Robots could help kids do their homework, or make learning fun, for example.Rodney Brooks is the Artificial Intelligence Director at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology.His company, Robot (eye-robot) Corporation, has developed what it calls "remote presence" robots. They allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet. He calls this "robottling".As for the fun side, the industry is developing companion robots for elderly people who are lonely. And Sony expects to put its SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the latest development in robots for use around the home.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and discuss the following questions.1)It costs as much as a luxury car.2)Sony made it.3)They will entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks.4)It means that these robots allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet.5)Sony will put SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.News Item 3RoboticsThe sophisticated combination of electronics and software empowering today's toys may run tomorrow's household robots, according to engineer Pradeep Khosla, at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.Mr Khosla is presently working on programming robots to duplicate human response, so that in the future robots might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the. handicapped.He says he has made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals, voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.Jeff Burnstein of the Robotics Industries Association says a robot, bydefinition, is a piece of equipment that is multifunctional, one that can be reprogrammed to do many different tasks.Home robot helpers may be a distant dream, he says, but industrial robots are an essential part of most factories today.As for the future, Pradeep Khosla says a person will be able to turn to his or her robot helper and say - Get me a Coca Cola. That robot will then walk to the refrigerator and open the door.That future is about 20 years off, Mr. Khosla estimates. The children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the present achievements of robotics and the home robot helper in the future.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Future robots will be able to duplicate human response, so that they might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the handicapped. Researchers have already made some gains - robots that respond to handsignals,voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.In about 20 years, the children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1Two years ago, computer software engineers at The Media Lab, MIT's innovative technology research center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, launched a new and easy-to-use programming language they called Scratch. Since its launch, Scratch has quickly found its way over the Internet into classrooms and homes around the world, putting the creative power of software design into the hands of some very young users.Jeff Elkner's students are creating their own animated stories using Scratch. Most of them, like Lydia Melgar from El Salvador, are learning English as a second language. Elkner, a computer science teacher in Arlington, Virginia, introduced Scratch to his students in March.“At first I wanted to introduce Scratch to teach programming. And what we found when we were working with Scratch was that it was actually amazingly good at teaching language skills."Scratch is an object-oriented language designed to be simple enough for anyone to use. Instead of writing commands out, users choose from commands that come with the program."We were really inspired by Lego bricks and how you build things in the physical world. How could you apply that to a digital space? So we have bricks or blocks that you snap together. So you have 100 different blocks that you can choose from.”There is also a library of visual elements included in the program. There are characters, interior and exterior settings to put them in, and objects they can manipulate.Anyone can download Scratch for free from the MIT-sponsored Website at . Brennan says they knew from the start that they wanted Scratch to be easy to use, but they didn’t want its simple interface to limit how it was used. Everyone who uses Scratch is encouraged to share their projects. More than 400,000 have been posted on the Website in the past two years.Changing, adapting and re-mixing projects is also encouraged. There have even been some collaborations. Brennan says a game called Night at Dreary Castle was the creation of an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, and a 15-year-old from different countries. Today, there are one quarter of a million registered Scratch users. On Saturday, many of them will celebrate Scratch’s second anniversary with World Scratch Day. Morethan 80 events are scheduled in 30 different countries, from the United States to Iran.A.a new and easy-to-use programming language called Scratch.B.1.software engineers, programming language, Scratch2. a computer science teacher, Scratch, March3. an object-oriented language4. interior and exterior settings, manipulate5. download, for free, 6. is encouraged, 400,000, in the past two years7. an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, a 15-year-old8. 80 events, 30Part 2 passageMcDonald’s Corp1. Revenue, which includes sales and franchise fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.2. Investors say he is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump.3. McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.4. He will be paid a salary of US$I.4 million this year and has options on 600,000 shares if he agrees to take the job.5. Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the other 15 percent.McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year, helped by the strengthening of the euro.Net income rose 29 percent to US$327.4 million, or 26 US cents a share, from US$253.1 million, or 20 US cents a share, a year earlier, after the world's largest hamburger chain posted in the red ink for the fourth quarter, its first loss ever.Revenue, which includes sales and franchise* fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.After about 100 days on the job, Cantalupo says he will spend 40 percent less on new restaurants and renovation this year.McDonald's will add 360 outlets, down from 1,000 last year. It will be "better, not just bigger", the 28-year McDonald's veteran told investors at an April 7 meeting in New York.McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.Last year, shares of McDonald's plummeted* 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.Cantalupo, 59, signed up* actor Paul Newman to supply Newman's own dressings for salads that McDonald's is adding for a healthier menu. McDonald's also will offer yogurt and fruit in kids' Happy Meals and try new seasonings for hamburgers.Longer toasting is just part of the effort to make the buns taste better. McDonald's also changed the recipeExecutives also told investors at the meeting that McDonald's will serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate* customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide, including 13,000 in the US.Franchisees, who were hurt as former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded* sales at existing restaurants, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the oth15 percent.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionTaco Bell will expand across China in the near future. Pizza Hut will step up its home deliveries. And McDonald's is adding 100 more restaurants to the 560 it already has in the country. KFC is opening its 1,000th outlet in China.As China increasingly embraces the outside world and its snack food, USfast-food chains are kicking off a high-speed expansion in the world's biggest market.Gearing fast food toward local stomachs while retaining its prestige as a foreign brand is a delicate balance.KFC has adapted with fare like the "Old Beijing Twister" - a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside. Plans are also under way for more sites of the Chinese version of Taco Bell, which currently has one location - in Shanghai. grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Yum! is also planning a slower expansion for Pizza Hut. Yum! expects the pizza market to grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. McDonald's Corp is shifting from fast expansion toward quality control.(McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shiftingtoward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.)F 2. In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose for more than a year.(In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year.)F 3. Net income rose more than US$100 million.(Net income rose from US$253.1 million to US$327.4 million, or US$74.3 millions.)T 4. The company's two-year sales slump is due to a shrift of business focus.(Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.)F 5. Mr Cantalupo has been on the job for exactly three months.(Cantalupo is about 100 days on the job, over three months.)T 6. Last year, shares of McDonald's plunged 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.(L ast year, shares of McDonald’s plummeted 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.)F 7. McDonald's is adding new dressings and seasonings for all items in its menu.(McDonald's is adding dressings for salads and try new seasonings for hamburgers.)T 8. McDonald's will improve its service by serving food more quickly in a clean andfriendly environment.(Executives told investors that McDonald's wil~ serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.)T 9. Over 40% of McDonald's outlets are in the United States.(McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide. Including 13,000 in the US.) T 10. Cantalupo retired as president in January 2002.(Cantalupo stepped down as president in January 2002.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.New Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving thefast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants. Former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded sales at existing restaurants. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control. Franchisees, who were hurt most, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.2.(Open)。
U5听力教程第三版施心远学生用书答案解析
Unit 5Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to Peter talking to Maggie. Is he asking a question or does he just want her to agree Tick the right box.1. You’ve been to Canada, haven’t you ↘2. Oh yes, I remember. You went a couple of years ago, didn’t you ↗3. Now, let’s see ... It’s er, it’s a mainly agricultural country, isn’t it ↘4. Well yes, I know, but there’s not much industry once you’ve left thecoast, is there ↗5. I see ... Mm, so the North would be the best place to go to, wouldn’t it ↘6. Yeah. Mind you, I should think the South is very beautiful, isn’t it ↘7. (laughs) Yeah. That’s right. Oh and what about transport It’d be betterto hire a car, wouldn’t it ↗8. Really That’s cheap. It costs that much a day here, doesn’t it ↘KeyPart 2 Listening and Note-TakingReadingScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a classof nonreaders at infant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. Listen to a talk about reading. Take notes and complete the followingsummary.When should a child start learning to read and write This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the ins and outs of reading letters to form words.If a three-year-old wants to read (or even a two-year-old for that matter), the child deserves to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers at infant school is the teacher’s affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic*. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought.Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life), there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labelling various items in their room. For instance, by a nice piece of cardboard tied to their bed with BED written in neat-big letters.Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an appeal should not be ignored. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour.Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, should his interest start to flag*.KeyA. 1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a classof non-readers at infant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. ReadingIt would be wrong to set a time when a child should start learning to read and write. Parents should encourage youngsters aged two to five to readif they show interests in it, but never force them to learn to read. He orshe might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers at infantschool. Then it is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given moreadvanced reading material.Similarly, if a child cannot read at the age of seven, teachers and parents should make certain that he is not dyslexic. If he is, specialisthelp should immediately be sought.Parents should not ignore the young child’s appeal to be taught to read.But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a senseof humour. Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the childshould never be forced to continue, if his interests start to flag. Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. The line down the middle of the road wavered, zigzagged, and then plungedright off the pavement.2. My sister likes classical music, but I prefer the kind she dismisses as “junk.”3. Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.4. Babara and Andrew are sitting under the tree by the river.5. She only hoped that the entire incident would be forgotten as soon as possible.Key1. S2. C-C3. CP4. S5. CPLPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Digital SoundScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and compare digital sound and analogical sound.[music]Mike: Wow! Nice. CDs have such good sound. Do you ever wonder how they make CDsKathy: Well, they get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Come on. You know what I mean. Why is the sound quality so good I mean, why do CDs sound so much clearer than cassette tapes Kathy: Actually, I do know that.Mike: ReallyKathy: It’s all based on digital sound. CDs are digital. Digital sound is like several photos, all taken one after another. It’s kind oflike pictures of sound. The intensity of the sound — how strong itis —is measured very quickly. Then it’s measured again and ag ain.When we hear the sound, it all sounds like one long piece of sound,but i t’s really lots of pieces close together. And each piece isreally clear.Mike: So digital is like lots of short “pieces” of sound.Kathy: Exactly. This is different from analog* —that’s how they used to record. Analog is more like one wave of sound. It moves up and downwith volume and pitch. Anyway, analog is like a single wave. Digitalis like a series of pieces.Mike: OK, I understand that. But how do they make the CDsKathy: I told you, Mike. They get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Kathy!Kathy: No. What really happens is first they do a digital recording —on videotape.Mike: On videotapeKathy: Yeah, they use videotape. So then the videotape is played through a computer.Mike: OK. What does the computer doKathy: Well, the computer is used to figure out the “pieces” of sound we were talking about; how long everything is, how far apart spacesare.Mike: OK. So the computer is figuring out those separate “pieces” of sound.Kathy: Yeah. They need to do that to make the master.Mike: The masterKathy: The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from.It’s made of glass. It’s a glass disk that spins around — justlike a regular CD. And the glass disk is covered with a chemical.They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glass plate.The laser burns through the chemical, but not through the glass.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plateKathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.Mike: So CD s really have little holes on the back I didn’t know that.Kathy: Yeah. Tiny pits. They’re too small to see. Anyway, then they’ve got the master, and they make copies from it. Then you buy your copyand put it in the CD player.Mike: Put it in the CD player ... That part I understand.Kathy: There’s another laser in your CD player. The light of the laser reflects off the CD. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back,like a mirror. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered.Anyway, the computer in your CD player reads the light that bouncesoff the pits. And you get the music.Mike: Reflected light, huh ... Uh ... you knew what I like Just relaxing, listening to music, and not really worrying about how it gets on thedisk.Kathy: You want me to explain it again[music]B. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following outline.C. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the following sentenceswith the missing words.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plateKathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.KeyA.B. I. The making of CDsA. Recordinga. First they do a digital recording — on videotape.b. Then the videotape is played through a computer.c. The computer figures out those separate “pieces” of sound to make the master.B. The making of the mastera. The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from.b. It’s made of glass, covered with a chemical.c. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glassplate. The laser burns through the chemical, but not through theglass.d. It cuts little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”e. They make copies from it.II. Playing backA. You buy the copy and put it in the CD player.B. The light of the laser reflects off the CD.a. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror.b. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered.c. The computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits.d. You get the music.C. Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plateKathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.Dialogue 2 Lost in TranslationScriptA. Listen to the dialogue. What mistake have some companies made when theyused the same ad in a different country or area Complete the following chart.Man: H ere’s one I wouldn’t have thought of. You know those “before and after” commercials for laundry soapWoman: The ones with a pile of dirty clothes on one side and then the same clothes after they’ve been washed Sure.Man: There was an American company that had one of those ads. It was really successful in North America. In the ad there was a pile ofdirty clothes on the left, a box of the laundry soap in the middle,and a pile of clean clothes on the right. So, the message was thata box of this detergent*would make really dirty clothes clean.Woman: YeahMan: So what do you think happened when they used the ad in the Middle EastWoman: I don’t know.Man: Think about it. In the Middle East, languages are written from right to left. People look at things from right to left.Woman: So it looked like the soap made the clothes dirtyMan: “Our soap will make your clothes dirty!” Not a very smart ad campaign.Woman: They should have changed the order of the pictures. They should have put the picture of the clean clothes on the left side and the dirtyclothes on the right.Man: Really. Oh, here’s another one. Some shirt maker put an ad in a Mexican magazine.Woman: AndMan: Well, the ad was supposed to say, “When I wore this shirt, I felt good.” But they made a translation mistake.Woman: What did they sayMan: Instead of “When I wore this shirt,” the ad said, “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good.”Woman: “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good” Gee, changing one little word gave it the opposite meaning.Man: The article says sometimes it’s not just the advertising slogan that gets companies into trouble. Sometimes the company name canscare off business.Woman: What do you meanMan: Well, there was a large oil company in the United States called Enco:E-N-C-O.Woman: Yeah, I remember them.Man: They opened some gas stations in Japan, and they advertised using their American name. Unfortunately, they didn’t know what the wor dmeans in Japanese.Woman: What does it meanMan: “Enco” is a short way of saying “Engine stop” in Japanese.Woman: Great. Would you buy gasoline from a company that said your car engine would stopMan: No, and neither did the Japanese.KeyPart 3 PassageToothbrushScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questionsyou will hear.Brushing our teeth — such a commonplace activity today, has been aroundfor a long time. Imagine: the ancient Egyptians were already concerned about their dental hygiene! We know this today because they also had the good habit of being entombed* with all their treasures ... So we were able to discover that tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had been frayed* into soft fibers. It’s comical to imagine an Egyptian stopping to brush his teeth after a meal, on his break from building a pyramid!The true ancestor of our toothbrush, however, was invented by the Chinese in the 15th century and brought back to Europe by travellers. This toothbrush was made of hairs from the neck of a Siberian wild boar which were fixed to a bamboo or bone handle. The people of the Occident*, however, found the wild boar hairs too stiff. At the time, very few people in the Western world brushed their teeth, and those who did preferred horse hairs, which were softer than those of the wild boar! In Europe, it was more customary after meals to use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper.Other animals’ hair was also used for dental car e, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it. The animal was imported for its neck hairs for a long, long time ... in fact, until nylon was invented, in the 20th century!In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, ., nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity through the commercialization of nylon stockings and of Dr.West’s miracle toothbrush with nylon bristles. The wild boars were finally off the hook!At first, even if there were many advantages to using this new brush instead of the one made with wild boar hairs (which fell out, wouldn’t dry very well or became full of bacteria), the consumers were not entirely satisfied. This is because the nylon bristles were very stiff and hurt the gums. In 1950, Du Pont improved their toothbrush by giving it softer bristles.Today the brands, types, and colours of toothbrushes on the market are almost endless. In spite of this, certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth!Questions:1. How do we know ancient Egyptians were concerned about their dental hygiene2. What is amusing about the Egyptians3. Who invented the true ancestor of our toothbrush in the 15th century4. Which of the following is not true about the people in the Occident inthe 15th century5. What did people begin to use for dental care in the 20th century6. When were toothbrushes with nylon bristles first made7. What was the fate of the wild boars when D r. West’s toothbrush with nylonbristles became popular8. Why were the consumers not entirely satisfied with nylon bristles at firstC. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Most are made of soft nylon bristles.B. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. DC. 1. In Egypt, tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small treebranches whose ends had been frayed into soft fibers.2. In the 15th century, Europeans usually use a goose feather toothpick,or one made of silver or copper to care for their teeth.3. People used animals’ hair for dental care right up until the 20th centurywhen nylon was invented.4. In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, ., nylon was inventedby Wallace H. Carothers.5. Certain African and American populations still use tree branches to carefor their teeth.D. 1. Other animals’ hair was also used for dental care, right up until thiscentury. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt ofit.2. In 1937, nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this newmaterial became a symbol of modernism and prosperity. The wild boars werefinally off the hook!Part 4 NewsNews item 1 Europe’s Migrant CrisisScriptA. Listen to the news item and answer the following questions. Then give abrief summary about the news item.As migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe, European Union (EU) members held an emergency summit in Brussels.They hope to agree on how to deal with this large movement of refugees and migrants into Europe. The refugees are coming from countries hurt by war and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.News reports say the EU members pledged* to better control European borders from mass migration.The number of refugees could grow into the millions, not thousands, warned the European Union President Donald Tusk.Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical*” that European countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his words, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.”Also at the meeting, the European interior ministers offered new aid toTurkey and other countries that are hosting refugees.Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries toward a preferred final destination. For many, that is Germany or Austria.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. Migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe due to war and povertyin Middle East and Africa.2. EU member states held an emergency summit in Brussels.3. They pledged to better control European borders from mass migration.4. They offered new aid to Turkey because it is one of the countries thatis hosting a large number of refugees.5. It is Germany or Austria.This news item is about Migrant crisis in Europe.B. 1. At the emergency summit, the EU president sa id that it is “critical”that European countries end their disagreement over the migrant crisis.2. Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries and thenumber grows into the millions, which causes a lot of chaos.C. Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical” thatEuropean countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his wor ds, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.”News item 2 African Nations Seeking Greater Power at UNScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether the following statements aretrue (T) or false (F). Then give a brief summary about the news item.The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling for African nations to have more power and influence at the United Nations.President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and President Teodoro Obiang Nguema of Equatorial Guinea say the continent should have at least one permanent seat on the powerful . Security Council.The two leaders spoke during a visit to Zimbabwe by Nguema as they prepare for the meeting of the African Union General Assembly later this month in Ethiopia.They also spoke about peace, security and terrorism in Africa. And Nguema said African nations must work to become economically independent, just as they have become politically independent.He said Africa should have two seats on the . Security Council. But the continent should at least have one, he said, with the power to veto*, or cancel,resolutions.The United States, Russia, Britain, China and France have permanent seats on the council, with veto powers. There are also 10 non-permanent members. These nations serve on the Council for two years. They cannot veto resolutions.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.Key1. The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling for Africannations to have more power and influence at the United Nations.two permanent seats on the powerful . Security Council.terrorism in Africa.President of Zimbabwe said that African nations must work to becomeeconomically independent, just as they have become politicallyindependent.5. There are 10 non-permanent members who serve on the UN SecurityCouncil for two years. They cannot veto resolutions.This news item is about African countries seeking more power and influence at UN.B. 1. President of Equatorial Guinea visited Zimbabwe in preparation for themeeting of the African Union General Assembly later this month inEthiopia.2. Both leaders think African nations should have the permanent seat on theCouncil with the power to veto, or cancel resolutions.C. And Nguema said African nations must work to become economically independent,just as they have become politically independent.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingA Sailor’s LifeScriptListen to a passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.In these days of jet travel, when a trans-Atlantic journey is a matter ofa few hours only, it is hard to imagine what travel must have been like a centuryor two ago, when the only means of travelling vast distances was by sailing boat.A sailor’s life must have been hard, indeed. Apart from the dangers of lifeat sea, there must have been extreme boredom to contend with*, because eachjourney lasted many weeks.To pass the time, sailors developed hobbies and crafts. Some sailors drew pictures. Others carved things out of wood, or painted. One of the strangest arts that was developed by these sailors of long ago, was the art of puttinga ship into a bottle. And it was an art, because the ships were usuallyfully-rigged*, and stood much taller than the width of the bottle necks through which they had been placed.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageInternet Overtaking TV among ConsumersScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questionsyou will hear.The Internet is drawing hordes of people away from their television sets but will have to become more like TV if it wants to boost its mass appeal to consumers, computer industry executives say.In any event, the two media are converging rapidly in a trend that will accelerate when digital broadcasting replaces the dominant analog television system around the world.In a recently completed survey by Dell Computer Corporation, customers prefer to be on the Internet than to watch television at home.People predict the distinction between television and the Internet — the global network of computer networks — will soon start to blur.This will lead to customized newspapers and video called up at the touch of a button as a powerful rival to television. This is a slowly adapting marketplace, but broadcast television might diminish.The breakthrough will come when digital broadcasting puts television on the same technological footing as computers.At the point when the television signal that the average person gets is digital, there is tremendous leverage to browsing the Internet model and the digital bits that you see on your screen.To get to the 70, 80, 90 percent kind of market that television has, computer industry has to have a model that looks a lot more like television and a lot more like entertainment than any of us have seen so far. By that time the Internet might crowd out television in the battle for consumers.The consumer is slow to adapt always. You can push the cost down and simplify things, but consumer behavior is very, very difficult to change.On the hardware front, the trend is toward affordable computers rather than high-powered machines. People want to see very simple, low-cost devices. You don’t need the complexity if you just have a limited set of tasks.Questions:1. What is true about the Internet2. What happens to the Internet and TV when the digital broadcasting systemis adopted3. What does the recent survey made by Dell Computer Corporation prove4. What happens when television is put on the same rank as computers bydigital broadcasting5. What will happen when television signal is digital6. What will computer industry do to get to a high percentage of market shares7. What is true in terms of changing consumer behavior8. In terms of hardware, what do consumers preferB. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. AB. 1. It will have to become more like TV.2. People predict the distinction between television and the Internet willsoon start to blur.3. When computer industry has a model that looks a lot more like televisionand entertainment.4. Yes, it can.5. They want very simple, low-cost devices.Part 2 VideoSmartphone App to Bridge ASEAN Language BarriersScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.The ASEAN One application will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 languages of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as well as English.The Thai company developing the software, iGnite Asia, says it is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.CEO Jirath Pavaravadhana says if successful, they will expand the application’s capabilities.“The language would be the main theme, but, apart from language, you would have currencies, directories, map and everything.”Head of marketing Nataphol Pavaravadhana says it will also be a useful tool for students studying a neighboring country’s language.“So we intend to penetrate the market by using the university connection, and another one is government support.”The Thai company says it hopes ASEAN countries promote the application asa tool that can help ASEAN’s goal of forming an economic community by 2015.ASEAN One is expected to be released around June and will be paid for through advertising, making it free for consumers.Key1. It will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 regionallanguages of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and English.2. It is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.3. It will provide almost all sources of information, such as currencies,directories and map.4. It will also be a useful tool for students learning the language of aneighboring country.5. It hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that can helpASEAN’s goal of forming an economic community by 2015.。
施心远主编《听力教程》2(第3版)Unit5课件
2. The fact that he or she might later be “__b_o_r_e_d_" when joining a class of _n_o_n_-_re_a_d_e_r_s _at __i_nf_a_n_t_school is the teacher's__a_ff_a_ir_.
Exercise B: It would be wrong to _s_e_t _a_t_im__e_when a child
should start learning to__re_a_d__a_n_d_w__ri_t_e._. Parents should _e_n_c_o_u_r_a_g_e_ youngsters aged ___tw_o__to__f_iv_e__to read if they show i_n_t_e_re_s_t_s in it, but never __fo_r_c_e__ them to learn to read. He or she might later be “__b_o_r_e_d_" when joining a class of _n_o_n_-_r_ea_d_e_r_s_at_i_n_f_a_n_t school. Then it is_u_p_ to the teacher to see that such a
child is given_m_o_r_e_a_d_v_a_n_c_e_d__re_a_d_i_n_g__m_a_t_e_ri_a_l.
Similarly, if a child _c_a_n_n_o_t__read at the age of _s_e_v_e_n__teachers and parents should make _c_e_r_ta_i_n_that he is not_d_y_s_l_e_x_ic_. If he is, specialist__h_e_lp__ should immediately be_s_o_u_g_h_t_ Parents should not__i_g_n_o_re__the young child's __a_pp_e_a_l_to teach him to read. But the task should be _u_n_d_e_rt_a_k_en_ gently, with great _p_a_ti_e_n_c_e_and a sense of __h_u_m_o_u_r_ Reading should never be __m__a_d_e__ to look like a__c_h_o_r_e_ and the child should never be forced to_c_o_n_t_in_u__e_, if his interests start to__fl_a_g___.
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UNIT 5Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationWindIn the past we watched the wind closely. (1) Hunters knew that game moved (2) with the winds, that keeping the wind in (3) one's face was essential to a successful (4) stalk. Farmers knew that changing winds brought (5) rain or drought.Polynesian* sailors could find islands beyond the (6) horizon by lying on their backs in their (7) canoes and feeling the swells* caused by winds (8) rushing onto islands many miles away. Eskimos could (9) navigate in Arctic whiteouts*, when fog or snow (10) obscured all landmarks, by following remembered currents of air over the snow and ice.Today few people can tell where the wind comes from. We live inside walls, (11) surrounded by chrome and glass, and the winds outside are often (12) gusts of our own making - the wake of (13) rushing automobiles, the tunneling of air down narrow city streets. We get our weather (14) from the news, not from the wind behind us. We hear the wind as house sounds: the (15) rattle of windows, the scratching of branches at a window (16) screen, the moan of a draft under the (17) hall door. These are pop music, not the (18) classical style of the wind, which is the collision of leaf and blade, the (19) groan of branches under stress, the (20) stirring of ocean waves.Part 2 Listening for GistEleven years ago, a US Congressman from the state of Michigan introduced legislation asking Congress to study slavery reparations(赔偿款). Since then, the cities of Washington, Detroit, Cleveland, Dallas and now Chicago have called on（请求）Congress to consider such payments. Chicago aldermen（市议会长老议员）voted 46-1 in support of the resolution. Alderman Freddrenna Lyle is the descendant of a slave. She says blacks in the United States are still at a disadvantage（处于不利地位）because of slavery."Today, when I am walk across the street and go down the street and go to (the department store) Sak's and people follow me through the store. It is because slavery has taught people to treat us differently based on skin color. So it lives and breathes with us. It is with us every single day."Alderman Ed Smith says there is not enough money in the universe to compensate blacks for what they have suffered because of slavery, but he says it is time for the country to try.Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1. This passage is about slavery reparations.2. The key words are slavery reparation, payments, vote, resolution, descendant, disadvantage, skin color, compensate, blacks, suffer.Section two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueCheapo TicketTerri: Did you see that television series with Michael Palin?Simon: The one where he went around the world (环游世界)in eighty days? Terri: Yeah.Simon: Yeah, it was really good. You know, that's something I've always wanted to do.Terri: Me too. Mind you, you have to put up with a lot of hassles（麻烦事）*. I mean. I went to Hong Kong last year and it was one long disaster! Simon: Really?Terri: Yeah, I was stuck in Moscow for three days!Simon: How on earth did that happen?Terri: Well, it was like one of those bucket shop（低价位的旅行社）* tickets, you know, from the back of a magazine. I went down to this little place incentral London, in Soho and paid cash.Simon: But they're usually OK, aren't they?Terri: That's what I thought at the time. Now I know better! I mean the plane was delayed two hours leaving Heathrow and we were doing a stopover atMoscow. It was Aeroflot*. So we arrived late at Moscow, in the middle ofthe night, and we all went into the transit lounge（转机候机室）and afterabout two hours this official came in and told us we'd missed the connection（误了联运的车、船、飞机）to Hong Kong; We’d have to stay the nightin the airport hotel ...Simon: But why?Terri: The late departure from Heathrow apparently.Simon: So, what was the hotel like?Terri: Grim* ... more like a prison really. Anyway, the next morning I went down to reception and asked what was happening. Disaster! They'd checked myticket or something and decided it wasn't a proper Aeroflot one, only validfor the twice-a-week flight, not the daily flight. So I had to sit there andwatch all the other passengers go off to catch the next plane to Hong Kongwhile I was stuck in this terrible hotel.Simon: Well, a good chance to explore Moscow.Terri: No way! I didn't have a Russian visa, of course, so they wouldn't let me out.I had to stay there for three days. The pits（条件太恶劣）! No TV, nonewspapers, no phone lines and the food was gross. All because I had thischeapo ticket,Simon: I guess you won't be buying cheap tickets again.Terri: You're not wrong!Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statementsare true (T) or false (F).l.T 2. T 3.F 4.F 5. F 6.F 7.F 8. TPart 2 PassageFrozen Ethnic Foods（冷冻的民族食品）1）T wo years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent and now there are 55.2）A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.3）Other ethnic groceries are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.4）B y 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110percent.5）E urope is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies but the trend could grow here.At Patel Brothers' grocery, you can almost get lost these days in the frozen food section. Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to（为…服务）people from the Indian subcontinent in New York's Jackson Heights neighborhood. Now, there are 55, aisle after aisle crammed with inexpensive, ready-to-eat versions of chicken, chickpeas（鹰嘴豆）and vegetable balls in sauces and spices.A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.Other ethnic groceries, including those offering Mexican food, are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.Filling the frozen food racks are rapidly growing food companies, many of them local or regional, which find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations.The market for ethnic frozen foods reached US$2.2 billion in 2001, according to the American Frozen Food Institute.The biggest market is for Italian food, totaling US$1.28 billion in 2001, up 6.1 percent from 2000. The overall frozen food market also grew by 6.1 percent, totaling US$26.6 billion.But Mexican frozen food sales grew 20.6 percent to US$488 million. Asian frozen entrees, which include Chinese, Thai and Indian, were up 12.3 percent, totaling US$463 million.The steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen foods is partly a result ofchanging demographics* - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.But other Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic. The busy lives of many people help sales.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa. Still, some are expanding beyond their own ethnic origins.Deep Foods* of Union, New Jersey, is adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru* line of Indian dishes.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, and then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium* dishes.Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods. Just before acquiring Ethnic Gourmet*, Heinz bought a Mexican food manufacturer, Delimex.Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies. But the trend could grow here.A: Pre-listening QuestionThe development and diversity of the delights of Chinese cuisine are representative of China's long history. With each dynasty new recipes were createduntil the art of food preparation reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty. The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisines is held in high esteem as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal.The diversity of geography, climate, customs and products have led to the evolution of what are called the "Four Flavors" and "Eight Cuisines".Cuisine in China is a harmonious integration of color, redolence, taste, shape and the fineness of the instruments. Among the many cooking methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying, steaming, crisping, baking, and simmering and so on.Cuisine can rise to many different occasions from luxury court feasts, fetes, holy sacrificial rites, joyous wedding ceremonies to simple daily meals and snacks. The art of a good cook is to provide a wholesome and satisfying dish to suit the occasion.Besides the various Han cuisines, the other 55 ethnic groups each have their own. With their peculiar religions and geographical zones, their diets differ respectively and are full of interest.B: Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.C: Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the following chart about the growth of the ethnic foods' market shares in the United States in 2001 and then answer the questions.1.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrantpopulations from Asia, Latin America and Africa.2.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, thenstarted making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium dishes and is now adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru line of Indian dishes.D: After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)First, the steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen food is partly a result ofchanging demographics - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent. And the Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic and the busy lives of many people help sales.Second, many food companies find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations. Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Therapy Dogs at Ground ZeroJean Owen is a dog trainer and volunteer with Therapy Dogs International, an organization that provides specially trained dogs and their handlers for visits to nursing homes, hospitals and other institutions. Therapy Dogs International, based in New Jersey, is one of a growing number of organizations that believes that the comfort and love of a pet can increase a person's physical and emotional well-being, promote healing and improve the quality of life.Therapy Dogs International was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite* centers for workers at Ground Zero.In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized* by disaster. One victim remarked, "Withpeople, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the therapy dogs that are used to increase a person's physical and emotional well-being. promote healing and improve the quality of life.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Therapy Dogs International, located in New Jersey,was founded in1976by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite centers for workers at Ground Zero. In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."News Item 2RobotsThe new SDR4.X stands only 60 centimeters tall, but Sony still says it could be part of the family. But it will have to be a wealthy family. Its creators say it will costas much as a luxury car!Electronics companies across the globe are racing to develop the next great robot for use around the home. Some, such as the SDR4X, are humanoid* robots meant to entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks. Others are made to do chores, such as mow the lawn or wash the car.Robots could help kids do their homework, or make learning fun, for example. Rodney Brooks is the Artificial Intelligence Director at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His company, Robot (eye-robot) Corporation, has developed what it calls "remote presence" robots. They allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet. He calls this "rebottling".As for the fun side, the industry is developing companion robots for elderly people who are lonely. And Sony expects to put its SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the latest development in robots for use around the home. B: Directions: Listen to the news again and discuss the following questions.1. It costs as much as a luxury car.2. Sony made it.3. They will entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks.4. It means that these robots allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet.5. Sony will put SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.News Item 3RoboticsThe sophisticated combination of electronics and software empowering today's toys may run tomorrow's household robots, according to engineer Pradeep Khosla, at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.Mr Khosla is presently working on programming robots to duplicate human response, so that in the future robots might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the. handicapped.He says he has made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals, voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.Jeff Burnstein of the Robotics Industries Association says a robot, by definition, is a piece of equipment that is multifunctional, one that can be reprogrammed to do many different tasks.Home robot helpers may be a distant dream, he says, but industrial robots are an essential part of most factories today.As for the future, Pradeep Khosla says a person will be able to turn to his or her robot helper and say - Get me a Coca Cola. That robot will then walk to the refrigerator and open the door.That future is about 20 years off, Mr. Khosla estimates. The children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homesas adults.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the present achievements of robotics and the home robot helper in the future.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage. Future robots will be able to duplicate human response, so that they might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the handicapped. Researchers have already made some gains - robots tha t respond to hand signals,voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.In about 20 years, the children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportScratchTwo years ago, computer software engineers at The Media Lab, MIT's innovative technology research center, launched a new and easy-to-use programming language they called Scratch. Since its launch, Scratch has quickly found its way over the Internet into classrooms and homes around the world, and it’s putting the creative power of software design into the hands of some very young users.Jeff Elkner's students are creating animated stories using Scratch. Most of them, like Lydia Melgar from El Salvador are learning English as a second language. Elkner,a computer science teacher in Arlington, Virginia, introduced Scratch to his students in March.“At first, I wanted to introduce Scratch to teach programming. And what we found when we were working with Scratch was that it was actually amazingly good at teaching language skills."Scratch is an object-oriented language designed to be simple enough for anyone to use. Instead of writing commands out, users choose from commands that come with the program."We were really inspired by Lego bricks and how you build things in the physical world, how could you apply that to a digital space? So we have these bricks or blocks that you snap together. So you have 100 different blocks that you can choose from.”There is also a library of visual elements included in the program: characters, interior and exterior settings to put them in, and objects they can manipulate.Anyone can download Scratch for free from the MIT-sponsored Website at . Brennan says they knew from the start that they wanted Scratch to be easy to use, but they didn't want its simple interface to limit how it was used. Everyone who uses Scratch is encouraged to share their projects. More than 400,000 have been posted on the Website in the past two years.Changing, adapting and re-mixing projects is also encouraged. There have even been some collaborations. Brennan says a game called "Night at Dreary Castle" was the creation of an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, and a 15-year-old from differentcountries.Today, there are one quarter of a million registered Scratch users. On Saturday, May 16, many of them will celebrate Scratch's second anniversary with World Scratch Day. More than 80 events are scheduled in 30 different countries, from the United States to Iran.A: Directions: Listen to the science report and complete the summary.This science report is about a new and easy-to-use programming language called scratch.B: Directions: Listen to the report again and complete the following sentences. 1. Two years ago, computer software engineers at The Media Lab, MIT's innovative technology research center, launched a new and easy-to-use programming language they called Scratch.2.Elkner, a computer science teacher in Arlington, Virginia, introduced Scratch to his students in March.3. Scratch is an object-oriented language designed to be simple enough for anyone to use.4.There are characters, interior and exterior settings to put them in, and objects they can manipulate.5. Anyone can download Scratch for free from the MIT-sponsored Website at .6Everyone who uses Scratch is encouraged to share their projects. More than400,000 have been posted on the Website in the past two years.7. Brennan says a game called "Night at Dreary Castle" was the creation of an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, and a 15-year-old from different countries.8. More tha n 80 events are scheduled in 30 different countries, from the United States to Iran.Part 2 passageMcDonald’s Co rp1. Revenue, which includes sales and franchise fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.2. Investors say he is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump.3. McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.4. He will be paid a salary of US$I.4 million this year and has options on 600,000 shares if he agrees to take the job.5. Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the other 15 percent.McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales roseat the fastest pace in more than a year, helped by the strengthening of the euro.Net income rose 29 percent to US$327.4 million, or 26 US cents a share, from US$253.1 million, or 20 US cents a share, a year earlier, after the world's largest hamburger chain posted in the red ink for the fourth quarter, its first loss ever.Revenue, which includes sales and franchise* fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.After about 100 days on the job, Cantalupo says he will spend 40 percent less on new restaurants and renovation this year.McDonald's will add 360 outlets, down from 1,000 last year. It will be "better, not just bigger", the 28-year McDonald's veteran told investors at an April 7 meeting in New York.McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.Last year, shares of McDonald's plummeted* 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.Cantalupo, 59, signed up* actor Paul Newman to supply Newman's own dressings for salads that McDonald's is adding for a healthier menu. McDonald's also will offer yogurt and fruit in kids' Happy Meals and try new seasonings for hamburgers.Longer toasting is just part of the effort to make the buns taste better. McDonald's also changed the recipeExecutives also told investors at the meeting that McDonald's will serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate* customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide, including 13,000 in the US. Franchisees, who were hurt as former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded* sales at existing restaurants, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the oth15 percent.A: Pre-listening QuestionTaco Bell will expand across China in the near future. Pizza Hut will step up its home deliveries. And McDonald's is adding 100 more restaurants to the 560 it already has in the country. KFC is opening its 1,000th outlet in China.As China increasingly embraces the outside world and its snack food, USfast-food chains are kicking off a high-speed expansion in the world's biggest market.Gearing fast food toward local stomachs while retaining its prestige as a foreign brand is a delicate balance.KFC has adapted with fare like the "Old Beijing Twister" - a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside. Plans are alsounder way for more sites of the Chinese version of Taco Bell, which currently has one location - in Shanghai. grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Yum! is also planning a slower expansion for Pizza Hut. Yum! expects the pizza market to grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.B: Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.C: Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. McDonald's Corp is shifting from fast expansion toward quality control. (McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.)F 2. In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose for more than a year.(In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year.)F 3. Net income rose more than US$100 million.(Net income rose from US$253.1 million to US$327.4 million, or US$74.3 millions.) T 4. The company's two-year sales slump is due to a shrift of business focus. (Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.)F 5. Mr Cantalupo has been on the job for exactly three months.(Cantalupo is about 100 days on the job, over three months.)T 6. Last year, shares of McDonald's plunged 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.(Last year, shares of McDonald’s plummeted 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.)F 7. McDonald's is adding new dressings and seasonings for all items in its menu. (McDonald's is adding dressings for salads and try new seasonings for hamburgers.) T 8. McDonald's will improve its service by serving food more quickly in a clean and friendly environment.(Executives told investors that McDonald's wil~ serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.)T 9. Over 40% of McDonald's outlets are in the United States.(McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide. Including 13,000 in the US.)T 10. Cantalupo retired as president in January 2002.(Cantalupo stepped down as president in January 2002.)D: After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.New Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving thefast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants. Former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded sales at existing restaurants. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control. Franchisees, who were hurt most, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.2. (Open)。