(完整word版)速记符号汇总,推荐文档
常用速记符号

常用速记符号一、大写字母或第一音节农业 A商业 B文化 C民主 D经济 E金融 F政府G卫生H工业I知识K文学L旅游T政治P通货膨胀Q改革R科学S不同意N同意Y合同/协议U (在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism单边主义; bilateral在U内填入2; trilateral 填入3; multiple填入m; 如果在U上加一个×表示谈判破裂。
)胜利/成就V工作/职业W人/者Z (worker:Z在字母W后面, employer: Z在字母W上方, employee: Z在字母下方表示)。
教育:Edu 环境:En 科技:ST二、符号/图象(箭头、数学符号、标点符号)& 和、与、及and+强、好、多many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of,++或+2 更强、更好、更多:more;+++或+3 表示"多"的最高级:most-弱、差、少little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of , ,――更弱、更差-2=less, -3=least, lack of, short of×错误、失误、坏、不同意、否定wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, disagree√正确、对、好、同意、肯定= 是、同等、等于、意味着means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, stand for, refer to, as…as,≠不同,不等于be different from,()表示"在……之间",包括:among, within,~或≈约等于, 大约about/around,or so, approximately, some, nearly, almost, similar to>多于,超过surpass, transcend, overtake,more than, greater than, bigger than, better than, superior<小于、少于,比……低一级等,less than, lower than, smaller than, inferior to≤小于或等于≥大于或等于∧或‖表示转折,但是/(划在字面上)否定,清除,解决:clear, settle, solve, tackle, conquer, eliminate, extinct ∥或句号。
(完整版)口译笔记速记符号归总汇总

口译笔记速记符号归总一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare),Co(company),eg(for example),etc(and so on),esp(especially),ie(that is),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。
二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。
在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。
因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。
in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicslib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.estg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
口译速记符号及范例

口译速记符号及范例
在口译速记中,使用了各种符号来代表不同的词语、词组和信息。
以下是一些常见的口译速记符号及其范例:
1. 单词/词组的缩写:
- 例如:govt(government),UN(United Nations),intro (introduction)
2. 数字:
- 例如:2(two),15(fifteen),3.2%(three point two percent)
3. 符号表示特定含义:
- 例如:∴(therefore),≠(not equal to),±(plus or minus)
4. 词语/词组的简化形式:
- 例如:info(information),conf(conference),rep (report)
5. 声音的表示:
- 例如:/kæt/(cat),/əˈsaɪst/(assist)
6. 常用的速记符号:
- 例如:箭头(表示方向或变化),圆圈(表示重要或突出),斜线(表示取消或过时)
7. 符号的组合和结构:
- 例如:↑(上升),↓(下降),→(发展),←(反对)
8. 表示固定短语或俚语的符号:
- 例如:BFF(best friends forever),TGIF(Thank God it's Friday)
请注意,以上仅为一些常见的例子,实际上口译速记符号有很多种,各口译员可能会根据个人习惯和需求进行一些定制或修改。
使用哪些符号以及如何使用符号,都取决于个人风格和技巧。
汉语速记符号

汉语速记符号使令动词对应状语可整理一下排比句.递增据.反复句中重复的部分,用"~"表示联言(并列复句):^(句中用||)(选言(选择复句):V(句中用V)假言之充分(假设复句):p q(句中用)假言之必要(条件复句):p q(句中用)(只有…才…,除了…才…,无论…都…)因果:∵主语||谓语宾语(定语)[状语]补语介词短语做状语,其相关4类介词:1)时间、处所、方向:从、自从、自、打、到、往、在、由、向、于、至、趁、当、当着、沿着、顺着。
2)方法、方式、依据、工具、比较:按、按照、遵照、依照、靠、本着、用、通过、根据、拿、比、用、以。
3)原因、目的:因、因为、由于、为、为了、为着。
4)施事、受事:被、给、让、叫、归、由、把、将、管。
5)关涉对象:对、对于、关于、跟、和、替、向、同、除了。
省略:句中,用":"来表示冒号:用"="来替代方针--方十党性--党x|祖国--祖g是非--是\菠菜--菠胜利.失败--胜利\ (以下用的机会少:) (人民--民忐忑--忐天天--天·兔子--兔道路--道)组织性--组x|经得起--经/(组织性--组x办不到--办\比一比--比_讲的讲--讲·兴冲冲--兴冲〃甜丝丝--甜S·团团转--团·Z巧克力--巧-歇斯底里--歇斯-图书馆--图真善美--真3立场、观点、看法--立c3立场3革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化--革h4革h4 吹牛皮--吹牛铁饭碗--铁-干干净净--干净干·净·斤斤计较--斤·较议论纷纷--议纷·宣传宣传--宣传﹀宣传c2可有可无--可有︿同心同德--同心-说干就干--说干∟就事论事--就事-话里有话--话里成语:百花齐放--百h-人定胜天--人定-惯用语:吃大锅饭--吃e饭多字成语、谚语、格言:冒天下之大不韪--冒天下- 歇后语:芝麻开花节节高--芝麻^四音节以上关联词:所有这些--所y些总而言之--总r之)概念之划分:分类、列举必然可能◇助动词能愿动词要:表必要、意愿的能源动词必须OP肯定、否定副词必、必定是.内.所另:啊↔年纪"啊"属于"年纪"{哈尔滨.长春.沈阳}一个集合联言推理:∩并且不但---而且---虽然---但是---既要---又要---相容选言推理:或者---或者---可能---可能---也许---也许---不相容选言推理:要么---要么---不是---就是---或者---或者---二者必居其一≤(横过来)所有使令动词使、叫、请、推荐、命令、请求、迫使、委托比似动词像、似、如、如同、仿佛、好像行止动词开始、进行、继续、发展、消失能愿动词能、能够、会、可以、可能、应、应该、应当、要、得。
英语速记符号汇总

1.表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc.2.表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3.表示屈服:submit to1.表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc.2.表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate1.表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc.2.表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc.3.表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen,promote, etc表示“波折”:ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级:more+3表示“多”的最高级:most-表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.> 1.表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.2.表示“高”概念:superior to,surpass, etc.< 1.表示“少于”概念:less/smaller,etc.2.表示“低”概念:inferior to,etc.=1.表示“同等”概念:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.2.表示“对手”概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”:among, within, etc.≠1.表示“不同”概念:be different from, etc.2.表示“无敌”概念:matchless, peerless, etc.~表示“大约”概念:about/around,or so,approximately, etc./表示“否定”,“消除”等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.记笔记:常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1. 常用笔记符号:符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升;提高;增强;上涨;增长;扩大;起飞;升空;提拔;晋升 (grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards)↓下降;下沉;降低;滑坡;轰炸;减少;恶化;降职;削减/裁减(drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend,decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards)↗上扬;渐渐好转(become better and better)↘下挫;不断亏损(become worse and worse)→出口;去;向前;出国;前往;运往;导致;发展成为… (export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause)←回顾;从前;进口;倒退;来自;源于(come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from)例如:café← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加;补充;除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc)—减少;删除;缺乏(minus, lack)×表示“不对的,错的,坏的,不好的,臭名昭著的”(incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious)> 超过,大于,胜过,优于(more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to)< 小于,不足,次于,逊色(fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to)= 等于符号(equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”(equal to, the same as),另外可以表示“是…的对手“(a ri-val, a competitor)等意思。
符号大全_特殊符号_(WORD可用)

■特殊符号:·⊙①⊕◎Θ⊙●○¤㊣㈱@の■□★☆◆◇◣◢◤◥▲△▼▽⊿◢▂ ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ ▉ ▊▋▌▍▎▏■ ▓ 回□ 〓≡↑↓→←↘↙♀♂┇┅‖$ @ * & # ※ 卍卐∞Ψ §∮ № ⌒ *░▒▣▤▥▦▧▨▩▪▫▬◆ ◇ ◈◎ ● ◐◑☉ ☎☏☜☞☺☻☼♠♡♢♣♤♥♦♧♨♩♪♫♬♭♯■标点符号:.。
,、;:?!ˉˇ¨`~ 々~‖∶"'`|·… —~ - 〃‘’“”〝〞〔〕〈〉《》「」『』〖〗【】()[]{}︻︼﹄﹃■数学符号:+-×÷﹢﹣±/=∥∠ ≌ ∽ ≦ ≧ ≒﹤﹥≈ ≡ ≠ =≤ ≥ <>≮ ≯∷ ∶ ∫ ∮ ∝ ∞ ∧ ∨ ∑ ∏ ∪ ∩ ∈ ∵ ∴ ⊥ ∥ ∠ ⌒ ⊙ √∟⊿ ㏒㏑%‰■单位符号:㎎㎏㎜㎝㎞㎡㏄㏎㏑㏒㏕℡ %‰ ℃ ℉ °′″$£¥¢♂♀℅■数字序号:① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩⑪⑫⑬⑭⑮⑯⑰⑱⑲⑳㈠㈡㈢㈣㈤㈥㈦㈧㈨㈩№⑴ ⑵ ⑶ ⑷ ⑸ ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼ ⑽ ⑾ ⑿ ⒀ ⒁ ⒂ ⒃ ⒄ ⒅ ⒆ ⒇⒈ ⒉ ⒊ ⒋ ⒌ ⒍ ⒎ ⒏ ⒐ ⒑ ⒒ ⒓ ⒔ ⒕ ⒖ ⒗ ⒘ ⒙ ⒚ ⒛Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ Ⅺ Ⅻ ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ ⅳ ⅴ ⅵ ⅶ ⅷ ⅸ ⅹ■希腊字母:Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ωα β γ δ ε ζ ν ξ ο π ρ σ η θ ι κ λ μ τ υ φ χ ψ ω■俄语字符:А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т УФ Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Яа б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я■汉语拼音:ā á ǎ à ō ó ǒ ò ē é ě è ī í ǐ ì ū ú ǔ ù ǖ ǘ ǚ ǜ ü ê ɑ ńňɡㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌㄍㄎㄏㄐㄑㄒㄓㄔㄕㄖㄗㄘㄙㄚㄛㄜㄝㄞㄟㄠㄡㄢㄣㄤㄥㄦㄧㄨㄩ■中文字符:偏旁部首:横起:夬丅乛竖起:丄丩乚撇起:夊亅亇厃々捺起:丂零壹贰叁肆伍陆柒捌玖拾佰仟万亿吉太拍艾分厘毫微卍卐卄巜弍弎弐朤氺曱甴囍兀々〆のぁ〡〢〣〤〥〦〧〨〩■日本语:ぁあぃいぅうぇえぉおかがきぎくぐけげこごさざしじすずせぜそぞただちぢっつづてでとどなにぬねのはばぱひびぴふぶぷへべぺほぼぽまみむめもゃやゅゆょよらりるれろゎわゐゑをん■注音码:ァアィイゥウェエォオカガキギクグケゲコゴサザシジスズセゼソゾタダチヂッツヅテデトドナニヌネノハバパヒビピフブプヘベペホボポマミムメモャヤュユョヨラリルレロヮワヰヱヲンヴヵヶ■绘表符号:─━│┃┄┅┆┇┈┉┊┋┌┍┎┏┐┑┒┓└┕┖┗┘┙┚┛├┝┞┟┠┡┢┣┤┥┦┧┨┩┪┫┬┭┮┯┰┱┲┳┴┵┶┷┸┹┺┻┼┽┾┿╀╁╂╃╄╅╆╇╈╉╊╋═║╒╓╔╕╖╗╘╙╚╛╜╝╞╟╠╡╢╣╤╥╦╧╨╩╪╫╬╳╔ ╗╝╚ ╬ ═ ╓ ╩ ┠ ┨┯ ┷┏ ┓┗ ┛┳⊥﹃﹄┌╭╮╯╰表情符号:*^_^* ^*^ ^-^ ^_^ ^︵^■经典字符全收集:、。
57个常用速记符号

常用速记符号大于〉小于V小于或等于秋于或等于麦等于、意味着二不等于黑约等于嚨憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定XE确、对、好、肯定A不同意N同意Y 上升、增加f下降、减少J强、好+更强、更好++弱、差—更弱、更差一一因为•••所以二优秀★属于?胜利V问题、疑问?和、与&结论是=>促进、发展/国家口国与国口/ □原因—导致、结果T对立、冲突><波折VV会议、会面。
进入n接触、交往X 分歧丄非常、十分重要**坚持苇关键!奇观!有关@替换为s但是与••…比较而言//空洞贸表厶口译笔记的功能是:第一、具有辅助短时记忆的作用,避免遗忘漏失。
第二、透过图像、版面与符号的交错运用,笔记具有语段逻辑分析与保存的功能,能将语篇的段落整理清楚并保存一段时间。
笔记是口译讯息整理与保存的工具,运用这项工具时必须先了解到底笔记的内容是什么。
缩减练习中已经提到,建立新架构的必要讯息是5W1H「六何」(何人、何事、何时、何地、何物、如何)。
再加上,数字与专有名词就是了。
在讯息内容之外,还要进一步掌握的就是讯息内容之间的关系。
讯息关系内容说明方法运用段落的顺序显示出语篇或语意的段落画线或排列表示逻辑的关系祝贺、谢词、欢迎、感想运用笔记符号表示强弱的程度表达状语等修饰词,如「极为」、「少许」、「经常」、「偶而」等在右上角用1-2个+ -!?等表示变化的情形升高、降低、波动、剧变运用V> 等表示一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1. 口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2. 口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3. 口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
57个常用速记符号

常用速记符号大于>小于<小于或等于≤大于或等于≥等于、意味着= 不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀; 高兴、荣兴( 错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N 同意Y 上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好+更强、更好++弱、差-更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于∈胜利V 问题、疑问?和、与&结论是=>促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突>< 波折<<会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要** 坚持≡关键!奇观! 有关@ 替换为∽但是‖与……比较而言∥空洞○代表△口译笔记的功能是:第一、具有辅助短时记忆的作用,避免遗忘漏失。
第二、透过图像、版面与符号的交错运用,笔记具有语段逻辑分析与保存的功能,能将语篇的段落整理清楚并保存一段时间。
笔记是口译讯息整理与保存的工具,运用这项工具时必须先了解到底笔记的内容是什么。
缩减练习中已经提到,建立新架构的必要讯息是5W1H「六何」(何人、何事、何时、何地、何物、如何)。
再加上,数字与专有名词就是了。
在讯息内容之外,还要进一步掌握的就是讯息内容之间的关系。
讯息关系内容说明方法运用段落的顺序显示出语篇或语意的段落画线或排列表示逻辑的关系祝贺、谢词、欢迎、感想运用笔记符号表示强弱的程度表达状语等修饰词,如「极为」、「少许」、「经常」、「偶而」等在右上角用1-2个+ - !?等表示变化的情形升高、降低、波动、剧变运用<>↗↘↑→等表示一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
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口译笔记速记符号归总[1] Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2] 关于缩略词[3] 关于字母和图像[4] 用箭头、数学符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associate biol = biologyinfo = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:in /but /as /keyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:is /was /wereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:a/ an /theIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:F拿掉所有元音MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possible BAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONCConcern/concerning/concer nedCOND ConditionCO. Company DEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Thanks TRD Trade TRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large关于字母和图像Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。