《大学生英语阅读》unit6part2 What Are the Four Functions of Management
大学英语综合教程4 Unit 6 The Pace of Life -
• Everything has two sides. Technology, on the one
hand, changes our life completely. It makes our
everyday life much easier. We can communicate
instantly with the friend on the other side of the
city. (陷入混乱)
Preface
• n.
- a tangle of ropes / people
- diplomatic tangles (外交纠纷) - His thoughts were in a tangle. (陷入混乱) - have a tangle with sb. over sth. • untangle: free from a tangled or twisted
work created by those modern facilities and
equipment.
精选课件ppt
5
2、The author makes mention of “stress envy” in para.14.What do you think are the possible sociological motivation behind it?
- The fear has eaten into my bones. (感到极为恐
惧)
Part I (Paras 1-11)
• eat sth. away or eat away at sth. (syn.) - Rust was eating away the pipe. - Inflation has eaten away at the value of some
unit 6 the telephone 现代大学英语 第四册
The Telephone
Theme
Unit 6
Text Analysis
Structure
Detailed Analysis
W T
B R
Text Analysis
Theme
• What would be the key words if you want to discuss its theme?
free sb from a situation
n. The track of a person or animal by which it can be followed
• (p.22)…or to deliver a message to his wife, such as…
take sth to a place
… time didn’t mean much to anybody, except maybe to those who were dying.
The villagers didn’t think time was important until perhaps when they were dying.
• Short fiction "The Camera" in Homeworks (1996)
Background
Social Background
Location:
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between
Israel and Syria
W T B R
Warming up
WarminБайду номын сангаас up
Questions / Activities
综合英语教程4(高等教育出版社)unit6 part2
Probe the Text
1. What was the narrator’s assignment? Why wasn’t he happy to do it? The narrator was given a last-minute assignment by his supervisor to accompany an important Chinese businessman to tourist cities in northern Thailand. He was not happy about this because he had a huge backlog of work to do. In spite of the seven-day weeks he worked, he was still not able to complete his tasks on schedule. The trip would make the situation even worse.
Book 4-Unit 6
Lபைடு நூலகம்nk
4. ______________________________
D. English Country Gardens & Anne Hathaways’s Cottage
Step back in time to visit the full size version of William Shakespeare’s wife’s birthplace, located amidst five acres of the English Inn & Resort’s magnificent country garden estate. This unique and alluring（迷人的） English garden incorporates（融 合） history with architectural components of classic European design.
大学英语泛读第六单元,课后练习答案及参考译文
Unit 6 Harmonious Family Life 和谐家庭生活Main ReadingDetailed Questions:1. N2. Y3. N4. Y5. N6. Y7. NG8. American National Violence Against Women Survey 9. suicide attempts, psychotic episodes 10. your local Anti Domestic V iolence Hotline, /local Women’s Federation,/ a local domestic violence agency or the police.Practice the New WordsA. Copy and complete the following words by filling in the blanks with the correct letters.1. obstacle 5. entrapment 9. custody 13. viable2. isolation 6. vulnerability 10. heterosexual 14. insidiously3.remorse 7. intimidate 11. whirlwind 15. assault4. lesbian 8. trauma 12. psychiatrist 16. therapistB.1. partner2. remorse3. violence4. obstacle5. trauma6. bruise7. psychiatrist8. guise9. slight 10. lesbianC.1. intimidated2. rationalized3. in the guise of4. call him names5. care about6. out of control7. stalking8. assault9. talked me into 10. mobilizeRelated ReadingComprehension1. F2. T3. T4. T5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 10. TVocabulary1. I2. J3. O4. D5. K6. E7. B8. M9. A 10. FPracticing with Idioms and Phrasal Verbs1. was committed to2. took action3. is crucial to4. a variety of5. are likely to6. crossed the line7. prevent him from8. at risk9. lack of 10. collaborate withCloze1 C)2 D)3 A)4 D)5 A)6 C)7 B)8 B)9 C) 10 C) 11 A) 12 D) 13 B) 14 B) 15 A) 16 C) 17 C) 18A) 19 D) 20 A)课文参考译文：重点阅读什么是家庭暴力？中华全国妇女联合会的一项普查表明在2.7亿个中国家庭中，有30%存在家庭暴力。
现代大学英语精读book4unit6课文.doc
Book 4-Unit 5Text AThe TelephoneAnwar F. Accawi1.When I was growing up in Magdaluna, a small Lebanese village in the terraced,rocky mountains east of Sidon, time didn't mean much to anybody, except maybeto those who were dying. In those days, there was no real need for a calendaror a watch to keep track of the hours, days, months, and years. We knew whatto do and when to do it, just as the Iraqi geese knew when to fly north, drivenby the hot wind that blew in from the desert. The only timepiece we had needof then was the sun. It rose and set, and the seasons rolled by and we sowedseed and harvested and ate and played and married our cousins and had babieswho got whooping cough and chickenpox—and those children who survived grew upand married their cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox.We lived and loved and toiled and died without ever needing to know what yearit was, or even the time of day.2.It wasn't that we had no system for keeping track of time and of the importantevents in our lives. But ours was a natural or, rather, a divine —calendar, because it was framed by acts of God: earthquakes and droughts and floods andlocusts and pestilences. Simple as our calendar was, it worked just fine forus.3. Take, for example, the birth date of Teta Im Khalil, the oldest womanin Magdalunaand all the surrounding villages. When I asked Grandma, "How old is Teta ImKhalil"4. Grandma had to think for a moment; then she said, "I've been told that Teta wasborn shortly after the big snow that caused the roof on the mayor's house tocave in."5."And when was that" I asked.6."Oh, about the time we had the big earthquake that cracked the wall in the eastroom."7. Well, that was enough for me. You couldn't be more accurate than that, now, couldyou8. And that's the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody couldremember. One of the most unusual of the dates was when a whirlwind struck during which fish and oranges fell from the sky. Incredible as it may sound, the story of the fish and oranges was true, because men who would not lie even to savetheir own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated intoMagdaluna's calendar.9.The year of the fish-bearing whirlpool was not the last remarkable year. Manyothers followed in which strange and wonderful things happened. There was,for instance, the year of the drought, when the heavens were shut for monthsand the spring from which the entire village got its drinking water slowed to atrickle. The spring was about a mile from the village, in a ravine that openedat one end into a small, flat clearing covered with fine gray dust and hard,marble-sized goat droppings. In the year of the drought, that little clearingwas always packed full of noisy kids with big brown eyes and sticky hands, and10. their mothers—sinewy, overworked young women with cracked, brown heels. Thechildren ran around playing tag or hide-and-seek while the womentalked,flies,and awaited their turns to fill up their jars with drinking waterhome to their napping men and wet babies. There were days when we had to waitfrom sunup until late afternoon just to fill a small clay jar with precious,cool water.Sometimes, amid the long wait and the heat and the flies and the smell of goatdung, tempers flared,and the younger women, anxious about their babies,toshooedbringarguedover whose turn it was to fill up her jar. And sometimes the arguments escalated into full-blown, knockdown-dragout fights; the women would grab each other bythe hair and curse and scream and spit and call each other names that made myears tingle.We little brown boys who went with our mothers to fetch water loved these fights, because we got to see the women's legs and their colored pantiesas they grappled and rolled around in the dust. Once in a while, we got luckyand saw much more, because some of the women wore nothing at all under theirlong dresses. God, how I used to look forward to those fights. I remember therush, the excitement, the sun dancing on the dust clouds as a dress ripped anda young white breast was revealed, then quickly hidden. In my calendar, thatyear of drought will always be one of the best years of my childhood.11. But, in another way, the year of the drought was also one of the worst of mylife, because that was the year that Abu Raja, the retired cook, decided it was time Magdaluna got its own telephone. Every civilized village needed a telephone, he said, and Magdaluna was not going to get anywhere until it had one. A telephonewould link us with the outside world. A few men —like the retired Turkish-armydrill sergeant, and the vineyard keeper—did all they could to talk Abu Rajaout of having a telephone brought to the village. But they were outshouted andignored and finally shunned by the other villagers for resisting progress andtrying to keep a good thing from coming to Magdaluna.12.One warm day in early fall, many of the villagers were out in their fieldsrepairing walls or gathering wood for the winter when the shout went out thatthe telephone-company truck had arrived at Abu Raja's dikkan, or country store.When the truck came into view, everybody dropped what they were doing and ranto Abu Raja's house to see what was happening.13.It did not take long for the whole village to assemble at Abu Raja's dikkan.Some of the rich villagers walked right into the store and stood at the elbowsof the two important-looking men from the telephone company, who proceeded with utmost gravity, like priests at Communion, to wire up the telephone. The poorer villagers stood outside and listened carefully to the details relayed to themby the not-so-poor people who stood in the doorway and could see inside.14. "The bald man is cutting the blue wire," someone said.15. "He is sticking the wire into the hole in the bottom of the black box," someoneelse added.16."The telephone man with the mustache is connecting two pieces of wire. Now heis twisting the ends together," a third voice chimed in.17.Because I was small, I wriggled my way through the dense forest of legs toget a firsthand look at the action. Breathless, I watched as the men in blue puttogether a black machine that supposedly would make it possible to talk withuncles, aunts, and cousins who lived more than two days' ride away.18.It was shortly after sunset when the man with the mustache announced that thetelephone was ready to use. He explained that all Abu Raja had to do was liftthe receiver, turn the crank on the black box a few times, and wait for an operator to take his call. Abu Raja grabbed the receiver and turned the crank forcefully.Within moments, he was talking with his brother in Beirut. He didn't even haveto raise his voice or shout to be heard.19. And the telephone, as it turned out, was bad news. With its coming, the faceof the village began to change. One of the fast effects was the shifting of thevillage's center. Before the telephone's arrival, the men of the village usedto gather regularly at the house of Im Kaleem, a short, middle-aged widow withjet-black hair and a raspy voice that could be heard all over the village, evenwhen she was only whispering. She was a devout Catholic and also the villagewhore. The men met at her house to argue about politics and drink coffee andplay cards or backgammon. Im Kaleem was not a true prostitute, however, becauseshe did not charge for her services —not even for the coffee and tea that sheserved the men. She did not need the money; her son, who was overseas in Africa, sent her money regularly. Im Kaleem loved all the men she entertained, and they loved her, every one of them. In a way, she was married to all the men in thevillage. Everybody knew it but nobody objected. Actually I suspect the womendid not mind their husbands'visits to Im Kaleem. Oh, they wrung their hands and complained to one another about their men's unfaithfulness, but secretly theywere relieved, because Im Kaleem took some of the pressure off them and keptthe men out of their hair while they attended to their endless chores. Im Kaleem was also a kind of confessor and troubleshooter, talking sense to those men who were having family problems, especially the younger ones.20. Before the telephone came to Magdaluna, Im Kaleem's house was bustling at justabout any time of day, especially at night, when the loud voices of the mentalking, laughing, and arguing could be heard in the street below —a reassuring, homey sound. Her house was an island of comfort, an oasis for the weary village men,exhausted from having so little to do.21. But it wasn't long before many of those men— the younger ones especially —startedspending more of their days and evenings at Abu Raja's dikkan. There, they would eat and drink and talk and play checkers and backgammon, and then lean theirchairs back against the wall —the signal that they were ready to toss back andforth, like a ball, the latest rumors going around the village. And they werealways looking up from their games and drinks and talk to glance at the phonein the corner, as if expecting it to ring any minute and bring news that wouldchange their lives and deliver them from their aimless existence. In the meantime, they smoked cheap, hand-rolled cigarettes, dug dirt out from under their fingernails with big pocketknives, and drank lukewarm sodas that they calledKacula, Seffen-Ub, and Bebsi.22.The telephone was also bad news for me personally. It took away my lucrativebusiness —a source of much-needed income. Before, I used to hang around ImKaleem's courtyard and play marbles with the other kids, waiting for some manto call down from a window and ask me to run to the store for cigarettes or liquor, or to deliver a message to his wife, such as what he wanted for supper. Therewas always something in it for me: a ten or even a twenty-five-piaster piece.On a good day, I ran nine or ten of those errands, which assured a steady supply of marbles that I usually lost to other boys. But as the days went by fewer andfewer men came to Im Kaleem's, and more and more congregated at Abu Raja's towait by the telephone. In the evenings, the laughter and noise of the men trailed off and finally stopped.23.At Abu Raja's dikkan, the calls did eventually come, as expected, and menand women started leaving the village the way a hailstorm begins: first one,then two, then bunches.24. The army took them. Jobs in the cities lured them. And ships and airplanes carriedthem to such faraway places as Australia and Brazil and New Zealand. My friendKameel, his cousin Habeeb, and their cousins and my cousins all went away tobecome ditch diggers and mechanics and butcher-shop boys and deli owners whowore dirty aprons sixteen hours a day, all looking for a better life than theone they had left behind. Within a year, only the sick,the old, and the maimed were left in the village.Magdaluna became a skeleton of its former self, desolate and forsaken, like the tombs, a place to get away from.25.Finally, the telephone took my family away, too. My father got a call from anold army buddy who told him that an oil company in southern Lebanon was hiringinterpreters and instructors. My father applied for a job and got it, and we movedto Sidon, where I went to a Presbyterian missionary school and graduated in1962. Three years later, having won a scholarship, I left Lebanon for theUnited States. Like the others who left Magdaluna before me, I am still looking for that better life. (2121 words)。
大学英语4精读Unit6课文HOWTOMARKABOOK
There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -unread, untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by con nual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)
大学英语4课文翻译unit6（2）
第六单元生活节奏课文A随着当今世界生活节奏日益加快，我们似乎一直在不停奔忙。
事情那么多，时间却那么少，我们该怎么办?里查德·汤姆金斯着手解决这一问题，并提出了建议。
时间老人成了可怕的老人理查德·汤姆金斯从前，我们以为技术发展会使我们的生活变得更安逸。
那时我们觉得机器会替代我们工作，我们则有越来越多的时间休闲娱乐。
但技术发展没有把我们解放出来，而是使我们成为奴隶。
新技术纷至沓来，令人目不暇接：一年涌现的技术创新相当于以前一千年。
而每一项新发明问世，就进一步吞噬我们的光阴。
比如，汽车曾使我们希望个人出行会方便得让人难以想像。
可如今，城市车辆运行得比马车时代还要慢，我们因交通堵塞而困在车内，徒然浪费生命。
飞机也曾有可能为我们拓展新天地。
问题是，飞机提供了新的天地。
其存在本身产生了对耗时的长途旅行的需求，这种旅行，如越洋购物，或远道前往地球的另一半参加会议，以前我们是根本无法想象的。
在大多数情况下，技术发展并未节省时间，而是使我们得以做更多的事。
在家里，洗衣机可望使妇女摆脱繁重的洗衣劳作。
但事实上，它们促使我们每天，而不是每星期换一次衣服，这就使熨洗衣物的工作量变成原来的7倍。
同样地，每周一次的沐浴为每日一次的淋浴所代替，使得用于个人穿着打扮的时间大大增加。
与此同时，技术发展不仅听任工作侵入我们的闲暇时间——带着便携式电脑去海滩综合症——而且添加了收发传真、电子邮件和语音邮件这些新的负担。
技术发展还向我们提供机会，在个人电脑上一连几小时处理软件故障，或把因特网上那些无用的信息塞进自己的大脑。
除去技术发展，因特网指出了我们为何感到时间如此紧迫的第二个原因：信息爆炸。
几个世纪以前，人类积累的几乎所有知识都能装在若干哲人的大脑之中。
新标准大学英语四UNIT6
About the author Go to the text
Text
About the author
The author of the passage Mo Mowlam (1949– 2005) was a British Labour politician, who was the Member of Parliament for Redcar from 1987 to 2001, and served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Her personal charisma, reputation for plain speaking and fight against a brain tumour led her to be perceived by many as one of the most popular “New Labour” politicians in the UK. She died in 2005 because of a brain tumour.
Text
7
But then he'd always wanted to be a general. This ambition dated back to the days when he spent his school holidays playing with toy soldiers in the corridors of Blenheim Palace, below the tapestries of his heroic ancestors. He must have been delighted when, in 1911, he was made First Lord of the Admiralty – and even more so when the First World War offered him the opportunity to plan a major military offensive at Gallipoli, in 1915.
新编大学英语视听说4 听力原文及答案unit6
Unit 6 in book 4Part One Listening,Understanding and SpeakingListening 1Ex 1: 3,5,6,8,10Ex 2: four, 6.9, 5.1, doubly, far moreScripts:Husband: Oh! It’s unbelievable!Wife: What’s the matter?Husband: The article says that lifespan varies according to race, income level and whether you are male or female. Now, can you guess which is the most important factor?Wife: Hmm, I think it might be the sex.Husband: That’s right! My grandma lived four years longer than my grandpa. Generally speaking, women live longer than men. In 1993, the average lifespan of women was 6.9 yearslonger than that of men in the United States.Wife: 6.9 years! I can’t believe it. Then how about race?Husband: About race, the paper says white woman live 5.1 years longer than black women.Wife: So this means I am doubly lucky since I’m a white woman.Husband: Yes. But actually the largest risk you could run is being poor. Being poor is far more likely to kill you than smoking, drinking, a hereditary disease, or an unhealthy lifestyle.Wife: That’s true. If you are poor, you may not have good living conditions, good medical care and good nutrition. But still I have a question. Why do women live longer than men?Husband: I think you’d better ask the experts.Listening 2Ex 1: FTFTTEx 2: 1.bad, degree, opportunity 2.relate, measure these risks 3.mathematics, occur rmation, statistical risk 5.pollution, smoking, fiberScripts:The possibility that something bad will happen is a risk. Risk can also be defined as the degree of danger that goes along with an opportunity. All risks have possible negative results. However, some risks are worth taking. For example, suppose that you have the chance to join a school football team. You risk a possible injury while playing to achieve the sense of accomplishment that comes with being on the team. You decide that the pleasure of playing is worth the injury. By being fit, you can also reduce the risk of physical injury.How can we determine the risks involved in an action? Many risks that relate to health choices have been studied. These risks relate to choices made over activities or behaviour that influence one’s health, either positively or negatively. Scientists can use statistics to measure these risks. Statistics is a branch of mathematics that helps determine the possibility that something will occur. The information about this possibility is called statistical risk and can help you make healthy choices.For example, statistics indicate that in the United States the chance of dying from cancer is about 20 percent. In other words, two out of every 10 deaths are due to some kind of cancer. Therefore, the risk of death from cancer is quite high. However, statistics also show that 80 percent of all cancers are related to things over which you have some control. In other words, you can make choices that will reduce your risk of developing cancer. These include such things as avoiding pollution, mot smoking and eating a diet high in fiber. If you do these things, you are less likely to develop cancer.Listening 3Ex 1: AHCLE GINJF KMOBDEx 2: BDDDDScripts:If you plan to go hiking in the wilderness or a national park, make sure you are prepared. A compass, a knife, and maps are essential items to take with you. You should also take wooden matches in a waterproof case; some concentrated food such as nuts and dried fruit and water in a canteen. Plan for emergencies as well. Take along first-aid equipment, shelter for the rain, and extra clothes. In order to stay warm, your head, hands and feet must be kept warm, so you should bring gloves, extra socks and a wool hat.If you get lost in the woods, first try to backtrack and find the trail you were on. Look for trail signs other people may have left, such as piles of rocks, tied bunches of grass, or broken branches. Sit down and try to figure out which direction you came from and then go back that way.If you can't find the trail, try to explore the area, marking your path as you go. Climb a tree and look for landmarks. During the day, look for roads or rooftops in the distance. At night, look for lights and sniff the air. You may be able to smell smoke from a campfire. If you detect any of these signs, start to walk in their direction, but if it is dark, find shelter for the night and wait until the morning. Even a full moon won't give you enough light to see; it can throw shadows that hide dangers.If you are lost, do not expect to be rescued. Even if someone knows you are lost and sends out a search party, it may not find you. Therefore, if you can get out on your own, do so. However, if you cannot move far for some reason, build a bright fire at night and a smoky one during the day. Try to clear an area that can be seen from the air, and use rocks to write a message. You can also use bright colors, shiny metal or mirrors to signal aircraft. Above all, do not panic.Listening 4Ex 1: Ex 2:1-5 B D C D B 5 7 3 1 4 6 2Scripts:I've been in a lot of dangerous situations. Over in Bolivia, for example, I was working for a small airline, and we carried just about everything: animals, whisky, dynamite, and, of course, people. There were times when I felt I was flying a bomb, not a plane. Once I was taking dynamite to the mines. Dynamite! Man, I had never seen so much. They had even put some on the floor right next to me. I was certainly nervous on that trip. Well, I was flying over the mountains when suddenly the engine stopped. Somehow I got my parachute on, and got down without the plane, but I was hurt. I was lying out there for about four days before they found me. They told me later that they had almost given me up for dead. Anyway, they got me back to the hospital, and three months later I was flying again. No, I'm not afraid of flying. But there's a lot to worry about as a pilot.Part Four Further Speaking and ListeningFurther ListeningListening 1Ex 1: F T T T FEx 2: 1. 17，Mallett Street, Alford 2. 6943168 3. fire service 4. 18 5. 16, 20Scripts:Balley: Hello, fire service.Grace:Oh, em, I'm ringing because I think there's a fire in the house across the street. Smoke is coming out of the upstairs windows, and I can see flames, too.Balley: Can you give me your name and address and telephone number, Madam?Grace:Yes. Grace Litton, 17, Mallett Street, Alford.Balley:I'm sorry. Can you spell Mallett, please?Grace: Yes, M, A, double L, E, double T. The telephone number is 6943168. The fire's in number 18, just across the road.Balley:Is anyone in the house?Grace: No, they've gone on holiday. They went to Bournemouth last Saturday, for two weeks. Balley: All right, Madam. We'll send a fire engine up to Mallett Street straightaway.Grace:What shall I do? Shall I warn the neighbors?Balley: Yes, you'd better tell the people living next door, at number 16 and number 20. But don't go into the house.Listening 2Ex 1: CBCDAScripts:Six days ago, in Russia, a mine was flooded and lots of miners were trapped underground. Nobody knew how much air was inside and what the situation was to the trapped miners. Rescue teams tried every way to get some message from the miners, but it all seemed in vain. This caused worldwide concerns. The accident was reported by the world media. But this morning, to people's great surprise, came the dramatic news that rescue teams had dug 60 meters and tunneled through. They had discovered survivors in the part of the mine not flooded. For the rest of the miners, however, those were really anxious moments. They had prepared themselves for the worst. Now suddenly there was hope that they could see their loved ones again. And then they too were rescued and brought out of the mine. Exhausted and wounded, they were not strong enough to wave to their relatives or friends. Wrapped with blankets, these survivors were carefully handed over to the ambulances and taken to a nearby hospital. However, not everyone survived. One miner was reported to have been found dead, another missing.Listening 3Ex 1: TTFFFEx 2: 1. killed 2. wall 3. leg 4. killed 5. two 6 .avoid 7. hit 8. damaged 9. hurt 10 .frightening Scripts:( Joe Burns is a famous racing driver. He is being interviewed on a sports program.)Reporter: You've had a very dangerous life, haven't you, Joe? I mean, you've been almost killed several times?Joe: Yes. I suppose that's right.Reporter: When was your worst accident?Joe: I'd say last year. It was during the British Grand Prix. I smashed into a wall. The car was completely ruined and my left leg was broken. Luckily, nobody was killed.Reporter: Is that the only time you've been close to death?Joe: No. Once, during the Mexican Grand Prix, two cars in front of me had a bad accident. One of them ran into the other. I swerved to avoid them and hit a fence. My car was badly damaged,but luckily, I wasn't even hurt.Reporter: You must enjoy danger. I mean, you wouldn't be a racing-driver otherwise?Joe: I don't know about that. I had a very frightening experience quite recently. I was frightened to death! I thought I was going to be killed at any moment.Reporter: Really? Was that during your last race?Joe: No. It was on my way to this studio. I had to drive through London during rush hour.Listening 4Ex 1: TFTFFFFFEx 2: 1. New York 2. luxury liners 3. heroism 4. evil 5. “unsinkable” 6. July 26,1956 7. 18. 101 9. Iceberg 10. Yes 11. 1500 12. 60 13, half 14. More than enough15. another shipScripts:On the morning of April 10, 1912, the luxury liner,Titanic, left England on a voyage to New York. Four days later she lay at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. On July 18, 1956, the ocean liner, Andrea Doria, left Italy. It was also traveling to New York. Eight days later, this great ship also lay at thebottom of the Atlantic.The sinking of the two huge ships shocked the world. Reports of the two tragedies filled the newspapers for days. When Andrea Doria went down, people compared her sinking with the sinking of Titanic. There were similarities between the two events; however, there were also important differences.What were some of these similarities? First of all, both ships were transatlantic ocean liners. In addition, they were both luxury liners. They carried many of the world's rich and famous people. In fact, 10 American millionaires lost their lives when Titanic went down. Today, millions of dollars worth of gold, silver, and cash may still remain locked inside these two sunken ships.Another similarity is that as each ship was sinking, there were acts of heroism and of evil. Some people acted very bravely, even heroically. Some people even gave up their lives so that others could live. There were also some people who acted like cowards. For example, one man on Titanic dressed up as a woman so that he could get into a lifeboat and save his own life. One last similarity is that both of these ships were considered "unsinkable". People believed that they would never sink.There are also differences between these great ship disasters. To begin with, Titanic was on her very first voyage across the Atlantic; Andrea Doria, on the other hand, was on her hundred and first transatlantic crossing. Another difference is that the ships sank for different reasons. Titanic struck an iceberg; while Andrea Doria collided with another ship. Also, Andrea Doria had radar to warn of the approach of another ship; but Titanic was not equipped with radar--It had only a lookout. The lookout was only able to see the iceberg moments before the ship struck it. But, of course, the greatest difference between these two terrible accidents is the number of lives lost. When Titanic sank, more than 1,500 people died--They drowned or froze to death in the icy North Atlantic water. Also, about 700 people survived the sinking. In the Andrea Doria accident, 60 people lost their lives, and around 1,650 lives were saved. One of the reasons that so many people died on Titanic is that the ship was considered to be unsinkable, so there were about half the number of necessary lifeboats torescue all the people aboard. Andrea Doria had more than enough lifeboats to rescue every person on the ship. However, they were only able to use about half of the lifeboats due to a mechanical problem. The passengers and crew of Andrea Doria were very lucky that another ship was able to rescue most of them. The passengers on Titanic were not so fortunate. It is interesting too that the wreck of Titanic was only found in September, 1985.。
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4unit6
全新版⼤学英语第⼆版综合教程4unit6 Unit 6 The Pace of LifeBefore ReadingAn English Song– Dear DiaryDear DiaryQuestions and AnswersQuestionnaireWarm-up QuestionsBackground InformationRichard TomkinsTechnologyStress in the WorkplaceGlobal ReadingPart Division of the TextFurther UnderstandingFor Part 1 ScanningBlank-fillingFor Part 2 True or FalseFor Part 3 Table-completionFor Part 4 Questions and AnswersDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingVocabularyUseful ExpressionsScanningSentence TranslationDictationDiscussionTalk about the PicturesWriting PracticeProverbs and QuotationsSupplementary ReadingCulture NotesReadingComprehension TaskBefore Reading1 English Song–Dear DiaryDear DiaryDear DiaryThe Moody BluesDear diary, what a day it's been.Dear diary, it's been just like a dream.Woke up late. Wasn't where I should have been.For goodness sake what's happening to me.Write lightly, yours truly, dear diary.It was cold outside my door.So many people by the score.Rushing around so senselessly.They don't notice there's people like me.Write lightly, yours truly, dear diary.They don't know what they're playing.They've no way of knowing what the game is.Still they carry on doing what they can.Outside me, yours truly, dear diary.It's over. Will tomorrow be the same?I know that they're really not to blame.If they weren't so blind then surely they'd see.There's a much better way for them to be.Inside me, yours truly, dear diary.Somebody exploded an H-bomb today.But it wasn't anyone I knew.Questions and Answers1. How does the singer treat his diary? Why?(=He treats it as a friend, to whom he can pour out his inmost feelings.)2. What does the singer think about how other people spend their time?(=He thinks they spend their days in a rush, so much so that they have no time for each other or for themselves.)3. What can we infer about the singer’s attitude towards the pace of life today?(=It is unwise for people to spend days in a rush.)2. QuestionnaireQuestionnairePurpose:The purpose of this questionnaire is to increase your awareness of stress in your life.Directions:Answer "yes" or "no" to each of the stress index questions. Circle your answer._____ 1. I have frequent arguments._____ 2. I often get upset at work._____ 3. I often have neck and/or shoulder pains due to anxiety/stress._____ 4. I often get upset when I stand in long lines._____ 5. I often get angry when I listen to the local, national, or world news or read the newspaper._____ 6. I do not have a sufficient amount of money for my needs._____ 7. I often get upset when driving._____ 8. At the end of a workday I often feel stress-related fatigue._____ 9. I have at least one constant source of stress/anxiety in my life (e.g., conflict with boss, Neighbor, mother-in-law, etc.)._____ 10. I often have stress-related headaches._____ 11. I do not practice stress management techniques._____ 12. I rarely take time for myself._____ 13. I have difficulty in keeping my feelings of anger and hostility under control._____ 14. I have difficulty in managing time wisely._____ 15. I often have difficulty sleeping._____ 16. I am generally in a hurry._____ 17. I usually feel that there is not enough time in the day to accomplish what I need to do._____ 18. I often feel that I am being mistreated by friends or associates._____ 19. I do not regularly perform physical activity._____ 20. I rarely get 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night.Scoring and Interpretation:Answering "yes" to any of the questions means that you need to use some form of stress management techniques.Add your "yes" answers and use the following scale to evaluate the level of stress in your life.Number of "Yes" Answers Stress Category:6 - 20 High stress3 - 5 Average stress0 - 2 Low stress3 Warm-up Questions(Direction:) Read the following short passage and discuss the questions.“Now psychologists look at our view of time another way. They go into several countries and measure the pace of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city dwellers walk. They time transactions in banks and post offices. They see how long people take to answer questions.Japanese keep the fastest pace. Americans are a close second. Italians and Indonesians are at the bottom of th e list. ……Finally, we look at heart disease. That's tricky, because other factors are involved. Our heart's greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we keep. Smokers who drive themselves are really asking for it.”1. What do you think keep people in some countries so busy?2. What might be the acute/major problems facing people today?(Possible answers: 1. Tension—Physical, mental, emotional2. Health problems—Physical, mental and emotional diseases3. Ecological pollution/Rupture in ozone layer4. Disturbed family relations5. Violence and cruelty6. Corruption / Dishonesty / Immorality7. Drug-addiction8. Neglect of law & order and ethical, moral and social discipline9. Armaments/Nuclear weapons (Militarism)3. Compared with people’s life in ancient times, what have new technology, theinformation explosion and rising economy really brought to us?4 Background InformationRichard TomkinsRichard Tomkins, consumer industries editor of the Financial Times, where he has been a member of the editorial staff since 1983. (=Financial Times includes business and financial news and analysis. To know it better, log on the following website: /doc/4becb577bdeb19e8b8f67c1cfad6195f302be87d.html /home/europe （TechnologyMany historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increases geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.Stress in the WorkplaceThe problem of stress is not likely to go away. As the pace of change continues to increase, the demands upon us will also increase. We will have to make more decisions and make decisions faster; have to learn new skills, adapt to new situations, and cope with new threats. As a result we will find ourselves becoming more tired, making more mistakes, becoming more hostile, more anxious, more depressed, suffering more ill-health, and having more accidents.If we are to survive in an ever-accelerating world, it is imperative that we learn to cope with the increasing pressures of change. If we do not, breakdowns and burnouts will become the norm.Global Reading1. Part Division of the Text2.Further UnderstandingFor Part 1Scanning(Directions:) Scan part one and find out three reasons why we feel so time-pressed today. And make a note of the transitional devices used there.1. _____________________2. _____________________3. _____________________(=1. Technology 2. Information explosion 3. Rising prosperity)Transitional devices: 1. ___________2. ___________(=1. …apart, …a second reason…(Para. 7)2. There is another reason…(Para. 11) )Blank-filling(Directions:) Facts are valuable as evidence that enhances the persuasive force of an argumentative paper. In stating the first reason, the author lists a number of facts to try to convince the readers of the unfavorable effects technology has had on our lives. Now could you find some more supporting facts apart from the one given below, and put them down?1) The motorcar brings more traffic problems than it promises to solve.2) _________________________________________________________________3) _________________________________________________________________4) _________________________________________________________________5) _________________________________________________________________6) _________________________________________________________________(=2) The aircraft creates a high demand for time-consuming journeys that we never dreamed of.3) The washing machine, contrary to our expectations, multiplies the hours spent onwashing and ironing.4) Instead of making our lives easier, technology goes so far as to cram extra work intoour leisure time.5) Technology produces the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voice-mails.6) Technology eats further into our time by forcing us to handle software glitches oncomputers and filling our heads with useless information from the Internet.)For Part 2True or False1. It is convenient to say we are all lack of time. (F)(=It is too general to say we are all lack of time.)2. About 50 percent of people will tell you they never have enough time to get thingsdone. (F)(=About 50 percents of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done.)3. In the U.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years. (T)4. The gains of free time were unevenly distributed only because different groups ofpeople gained different amount of free time. (F)(=There is also a gender issue here.)For Part 3Table-completion(Directions:) Fill in the chart with a variety of reactions provoked by the perception of the time famine and the trouble with all these reactions. Pay attention to the transitional devices, too.For Part 4Questions and Answers1. What is the crux of the problem the author points out?(=The author points out the time stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the too many things we try to do. ) 2. What is remedy for the stress according to the author’s opinion?(=A possible remedy is that we should understand the problem and realize that it is not more time we need, it is fewer desires.)Detailed ReadingThe trouble is, it delivered them.1. What do “deliver” and “them” here refer to?(= “Deliver” means to provide or to bring, “them” here refer to “horizons”)2. What does “trouble” imply?(=It implies the unfavorable effect of the invention of aircraft, that is, people, driven on by new horizons, would like to spend more time on time-consuming journeys. )“Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals …of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”1. Paraphrase “the expanding frontiers of scholarship”.(=the ever-advancing development in the new field of academy)2. What is the purpose for the author to quote this sentence?(=The purpose is to give us a more vivid picture about the information explosion.)So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance — the confusion of endless choice.1. What do “super abundance” refer to?(=It refers to the a quantity of goods and services.)2. Why can we infer from the sentence?(=The quantity of goods and services is too much, it is endless, and what’s more, it increases our time stress levels.)It’s almost got to the point where there’s stress envy.1. What is “stress envy” meant by?(=If you are not stressed, that shows you are not very successful.)2. Why does the author mention the “stress envy”?(=To make his argument comprehensive and more convincing, the author revealed the fact that not everyone is overstressedthough 50 percent of unemployed or retired people tell you they never have enough time to get things done.)3. Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=这⼏乎到了羡慕压⼒的程度。
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The most popular textbooks still continue to be organized around management functions, though these have generally been condensed to the basic four: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Let us briefly define what each of these functions encompasses. Keep in mind before we begin, however, that, although we will look at each as an independent function, managers must be able to perform all four functions simultaneously and that each function has an effect on the others. That is, these functions are interrelated and interdependCarol Bartz are all responsible for designing an organization’s structure. We call this management function organizing. Organizing includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.
4 We know that every organization contains people. And it is part of a manager’s job to direct and coordinate those people. Performing this activity is leading function of management. When managers motivate employees, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channel, or resolve conflicts among members, they are engaging in leading.
Unit 1 What Are the Four Functions of Management?
1 In the early part of this century, a French industrialist by the name of Henri Fayol wrote that all managers perform five management functions. They plan, organize, command, coordinate and control. In the mid-1950s, two professors at UCLA used the functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling as the framework for a textbook on management that for twenty years was unquestionably the most widely sold text on the subject.
2 If you don’t much care where you want to get to, then it doesn’t matter which way you go, as the Cheshire explained to Alice in Wonderland. Since organizations exist to achieve some purpose, someone has to define that purpose and the means for its achievement. A manager is that someone. The planning function encompasses defining an organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Setting goals keeps the work to be done in its proper focus and helps organizational members keep their attention on what is most important.
5 The final function managers perform is controlling. After the goals are set, the plans formulated, the structural arrangements determined, and the people hired, trained, and motivated, something may still go amiss. To ensure that things are going as they should, a manager must monitor the organization’s performance. Actual performance must be compared with the previously set goals. If there are any significant deviations, it is the manager’s responsibility to get the organization back on track. This process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is what we mean when we refer to the controlling function.