《大学生英语阅读》unit6part2 What Are the Four Functions of Management
大学英语综合教程4 Unit 6 The Pace of Life -
• Everything has two sides. Technology, on the one
hand, changes our life completely. It makes our
everyday life much easier. We can communicate
instantly with the friend on the other side of the
city. (陷入混乱)
Preface
• n.
- a tangle of ropes / people
- diplomatic tangles (外交纠纷) - His thoughts were in a tangle. (陷入混乱) - have a tangle with sb. over sth. • untangle: free from a tangled or twisted
work created by those modern facilities and
equipment.
精选课件ppt
5
2、The author makes mention of “stress envy” in para.14.What do you think are the possible sociological motivation behind it?
- The fear has eaten into my bones. (感到极为恐
惧)
Part I (Paras 1-11)
• eat sth. away or eat away at sth. (syn.) - Rust was eating away the pipe. - Inflation has eaten away at the value of some
unit 6 the telephone 现代大学英语 第四册
The Telephone
Theme
Unit 6
Text Analysis
Structure
Detailed Analysis
W T
B R
Text Analysis
Theme
• What would be the key words if you want to discuss its theme?
free sb from a situation
n. The track of a person or animal by which it can be followed
• (p.22)…or to deliver a message to his wife, such as…
take sth to a place
… time didn’t mean much to anybody, except maybe to those who were dying.
The villagers didn’t think time was important until perhaps when they were dying.
• Short fiction "The Camera" in Homeworks (1996)
Background
Social Background
Location:
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between
Israel and Syria
W T B R
Warming up
WarminБайду номын сангаас up
Questions / Activities
综合英语教程4(高等教育出版社)unit6 part2
Probe the Text
1. What was the narrator’s assignment? Why wasn’t he happy to do it? The narrator was given a last-minute assignment by his supervisor to accompany an important Chinese businessman to tourist cities in northern Thailand. He was not happy about this because he had a huge backlog of work to do. In spite of the seven-day weeks he worked, he was still not able to complete his tasks on schedule. The trip would make the situation even worse.
Book 4-Unit 6
Lபைடு நூலகம்nk
4. ______________________________
D. English Country Gardens & Anne Hathaways’s Cottage
Step back in time to visit the full size version of William Shakespeare’s wife’s birthplace, located amidst five acres of the English Inn & Resort’s magnificent country garden estate. This unique and alluring（迷人的） English garden incorporates（融 合） history with architectural components of classic European design.
大学英语泛读第六单元,课后练习答案及参考译文
Unit 6 Harmonious Family Life 和谐家庭生活Main ReadingDetailed Questions:1. N2. Y3. N4. Y5. N6. Y7. NG8. American National Violence Against Women Survey 9. suicide attempts, psychotic episodes 10. your local Anti Domestic V iolence Hotline, /local Women’s Federation,/ a local domestic violence agency or the police.Practice the New WordsA. Copy and complete the following words by filling in the blanks with the correct letters.1. obstacle 5. entrapment 9. custody 13. viable2. isolation 6. vulnerability 10. heterosexual 14. insidiously3.remorse 7. intimidate 11. whirlwind 15. assault4. lesbian 8. trauma 12. psychiatrist 16. therapistB.1. partner2. remorse3. violence4. obstacle5. trauma6. bruise7. psychiatrist8. guise9. slight 10. lesbianC.1. intimidated2. rationalized3. in the guise of4. call him names5. care about6. out of control7. stalking8. assault9. talked me into 10. mobilizeRelated ReadingComprehension1. F2. T3. T4. T5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 10. TVocabulary1. I2. J3. O4. D5. K6. E7. B8. M9. A 10. FPracticing with Idioms and Phrasal Verbs1. was committed to2. took action3. is crucial to4. a variety of5. are likely to6. crossed the line7. prevent him from8. at risk9. lack of 10. collaborate withCloze1 C)2 D)3 A)4 D)5 A)6 C)7 B)8 B)9 C) 10 C) 11 A) 12 D) 13 B) 14 B) 15 A) 16 C) 17 C) 18A) 19 D) 20 A)课文参考译文：重点阅读什么是家庭暴力？中华全国妇女联合会的一项普查表明在2.7亿个中国家庭中，有30%存在家庭暴力。
现代大学英语精读book4unit6课文.doc
Book 4-Unit 5Text AThe TelephoneAnwar F. Accawi1.When I was growing up in Magdaluna, a small Lebanese village in the terraced,rocky mountains east of Sidon, time didn't mean much to anybody, except maybeto those who were dying. In those days, there was no real need for a calendaror a watch to keep track of the hours, days, months, and years. We knew whatto do and when to do it, just as the Iraqi geese knew when to fly north, drivenby the hot wind that blew in from the desert. The only timepiece we had needof then was the sun. It rose and set, and the seasons rolled by and we sowedseed and harvested and ate and played and married our cousins and had babieswho got whooping cough and chickenpox—and those children who survived grew upand married their cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox.We lived and loved and toiled and died without ever needing to know what yearit was, or even the time of day.2.It wasn't that we had no system for keeping track of time and of the importantevents in our lives. But ours was a natural or, rather, a divine —calendar, because it was framed by acts of God: earthquakes and droughts and floods andlocusts and pestilences. Simple as our calendar was, it worked just fine forus.3. Take, for example, the birth date of Teta Im Khalil, the oldest womanin Magdalunaand all the surrounding villages. When I asked Grandma, "How old is Teta ImKhalil"4. Grandma had to think for a moment; then she said, "I've been told that Teta wasborn shortly after the big snow that caused the roof on the mayor's house tocave in."5."And when was that" I asked.6."Oh, about the time we had the big earthquake that cracked the wall in the eastroom."7. Well, that was enough for me. You couldn't be more accurate than that, now, couldyou8. And that's the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody couldremember. One of the most unusual of the dates was when a whirlwind struck during which fish and oranges fell from the sky. Incredible as it may sound, the story of the fish and oranges was true, because men who would not lie even to savetheir own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated intoMagdaluna's calendar.9.The year of the fish-bearing whirlpool was not the last remarkable year. Manyothers followed in which strange and wonderful things happened. There was,for instance, the year of the drought, when the heavens were shut for monthsand the spring from which the entire village got its drinking water slowed to atrickle. The spring was about a mile from the village, in a ravine that openedat one end into a small, flat clearing covered with fine gray dust and hard,marble-sized goat droppings. In the year of the drought, that little clearingwas always packed full of noisy kids with big brown eyes and sticky hands, and10. their mothers—sinewy, overworked young women with cracked, brown heels. Thechildren ran around playing tag or hide-and-seek while the womentalked,flies,and awaited their turns to fill up their jars with drinking waterhome to their napping men and wet babies. There were days when we had to waitfrom sunup until late afternoon just to fill a small clay jar with precious,cool water.Sometimes, amid the long wait and the heat and the flies and the smell of goatdung, tempers flared,and the younger women, anxious about their babies,toshooedbringarguedover whose turn it was to fill up her jar. And sometimes the arguments escalated into full-blown, knockdown-dragout fights; the women would grab each other bythe hair and curse and scream and spit and call each other names that made myears tingle.We little brown boys who went with our mothers to fetch water loved these fights, because we got to see the women's legs and their colored pantiesas they grappled and rolled around in the dust. Once in a while, we got luckyand saw much more, because some of the women wore nothing at all under theirlong dresses. God, how I used to look forward to those fights. I remember therush, the excitement, the sun dancing on the dust clouds as a dress ripped anda young white breast was revealed, then quickly hidden. In my calendar, thatyear of drought will always be one of the best years of my childhood.11. But, in another way, the year of the drought was also one of the worst of mylife, because that was the year that Abu Raja, the retired cook, decided it was time Magdaluna got its own telephone. Every civilized village needed a telephone, he said, and Magdaluna was not going to get anywhere until it had one. A telephonewould link us with the outside world. A few men —like the retired Turkish-armydrill sergeant, and the vineyard keeper—did all they could to talk Abu Rajaout of having a telephone brought to the village. But they were outshouted andignored and finally shunned by the other villagers for resisting progress andtrying to keep a good thing from coming to Magdaluna.12.One warm day in early fall, many of the villagers were out in their fieldsrepairing walls or gathering wood for the winter when the shout went out thatthe telephone-company truck had arrived at Abu Raja's dikkan, or country store.When the truck came into view, everybody dropped what they were doing and ranto Abu Raja's house to see what was happening.13.It did not take long for the whole village to assemble at Abu Raja's dikkan.Some of the rich villagers walked right into the store and stood at the elbowsof the two important-looking men from the telephone company, who proceeded with utmost gravity, like priests at Communion, to wire up the telephone. The poorer villagers stood outside and listened carefully to the details relayed to themby the not-so-poor people who stood in the doorway and could see inside.14. "The bald man is cutting the blue wire," someone said.15. "He is sticking the wire into the hole in the bottom of the black box," someoneelse added.16."The telephone man with the mustache is connecting two pieces of wire. Now heis twisting the ends together," a third voice chimed in.17.Because I was small, I wriggled my way through the dense forest of legs toget a firsthand look at the action. Breathless, I watched as the men in blue puttogether a black machine that supposedly would make it possible to talk withuncles, aunts, and cousins who lived more than two days' ride away.18.It was shortly after sunset when the man with the mustache announced that thetelephone was ready to use. He explained that all Abu Raja had to do was liftthe receiver, turn the crank on the black box a few times, and wait for an operator to take his call. Abu Raja grabbed the receiver and turned the crank forcefully.Within moments, he was talking with his brother in Beirut. He didn't even haveto raise his voice or shout to be heard.19. And the telephone, as it turned out, was bad news. With its coming, the faceof the village began to change. One of the fast effects was the shifting of thevillage's center. Before the telephone's arrival, the men of the village usedto gather regularly at the house of Im Kaleem, a short, middle-aged widow withjet-black hair and a raspy voice that could be heard all over the village, evenwhen she was only whispering. She was a devout Catholic and also the villagewhore. The men met at her house to argue about politics and drink coffee andplay cards or backgammon. Im Kaleem was not a true prostitute, however, becauseshe did not charge for her services —not even for the coffee and tea that sheserved the men. She did not need the money; her son, who was overseas in Africa, sent her money regularly. Im Kaleem loved all the men she entertained, and they loved her, every one of them. In a way, she was married to all the men in thevillage. Everybody knew it but nobody objected. Actually I suspect the womendid not mind their husbands'visits to Im Kaleem. Oh, they wrung their hands and complained to one another about their men's unfaithfulness, but secretly theywere relieved, because Im Kaleem took some of the pressure off them and keptthe men out of their hair while they attended to their endless chores. Im Kaleem was also a kind of confessor and troubleshooter, talking sense to those men who were having family problems, especially the younger ones.20. Before the telephone came to Magdaluna, Im Kaleem's house was bustling at justabout any time of day, especially at night, when the loud voices of the mentalking, laughing, and arguing could be heard in the street below —a reassuring, homey sound. Her house was an island of comfort, an oasis for the weary village men,exhausted from having so little to do.21. But it wasn't long before many of those men— the younger ones especially —startedspending more of their days and evenings at Abu Raja's dikkan. There, they would eat and drink and talk and play checkers and backgammon, and then lean theirchairs back against the wall —the signal that they were ready to toss back andforth, like a ball, the latest rumors going around the village. And they werealways looking up from their games and drinks and talk to glance at the phonein the corner, as if expecting it to ring any minute and bring news that wouldchange their lives and deliver them from their aimless existence. In the meantime, they smoked cheap, hand-rolled cigarettes, dug dirt out from under their fingernails with big pocketknives, and drank lukewarm sodas that they calledKacula, Seffen-Ub, and Bebsi.22.The telephone was also bad news for me personally. It took away my lucrativebusiness —a source of much-needed income. Before, I used to hang around ImKaleem's courtyard and play marbles with the other kids, waiting for some manto call down from a window and ask me to run to the store for cigarettes or liquor, or to deliver a message to his wife, such as what he wanted for supper. Therewas always something in it for me: a ten or even a twenty-five-piaster piece.On a good day, I ran nine or ten of those errands, which assured a steady supply of marbles that I usually lost to other boys. But as the days went by fewer andfewer men came to Im Kaleem's, and more and more congregated at Abu Raja's towait by the telephone. In the evenings, the laughter and noise of the men trailed off and finally stopped.23.At Abu Raja's dikkan, the calls did eventually come, as expected, and menand women started leaving the village the way a hailstorm begins: first one,then two, then bunches.24. The army took them. Jobs in the cities lured them. And ships and airplanes carriedthem to such faraway places as Australia and Brazil and New Zealand. My friendKameel, his cousin Habeeb, and their cousins and my cousins all went away tobecome ditch diggers and mechanics and butcher-shop boys and deli owners whowore dirty aprons sixteen hours a day, all looking for a better life than theone they had left behind. Within a year, only the sick,the old, and the maimed were left in the village.Magdaluna became a skeleton of its former self, desolate and forsaken, like the tombs, a place to get away from.25.Finally, the telephone took my family away, too. My father got a call from anold army buddy who told him that an oil company in southern Lebanon was hiringinterpreters and instructors. My father applied for a job and got it, and we movedto Sidon, where I went to a Presbyterian missionary school and graduated in1962. Three years later, having won a scholarship, I left Lebanon for theUnited States. Like the others who left Magdaluna before me, I am still looking for that better life. (2121 words)。
大学英语4精读Unit6课文HOWTOMARKABOOK
There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -unread, untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by con nual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)
大学英语4课文翻译unit6（2）
第六单元生活节奏课文A随着当今世界生活节奏日益加快，我们似乎一直在不停奔忙。
事情那么多，时间却那么少，我们该怎么办?里查德·汤姆金斯着手解决这一问题，并提出了建议。
时间老人成了可怕的老人理查德·汤姆金斯从前，我们以为技术发展会使我们的生活变得更安逸。
那时我们觉得机器会替代我们工作，我们则有越来越多的时间休闲娱乐。
但技术发展没有把我们解放出来，而是使我们成为奴隶。
新技术纷至沓来，令人目不暇接：一年涌现的技术创新相当于以前一千年。
而每一项新发明问世，就进一步吞噬我们的光阴。
比如，汽车曾使我们希望个人出行会方便得让人难以想像。
可如今，城市车辆运行得比马车时代还要慢，我们因交通堵塞而困在车内，徒然浪费生命。
飞机也曾有可能为我们拓展新天地。
问题是，飞机提供了新的天地。
其存在本身产生了对耗时的长途旅行的需求，这种旅行，如越洋购物，或远道前往地球的另一半参加会议，以前我们是根本无法想象的。
在大多数情况下，技术发展并未节省时间，而是使我们得以做更多的事。
在家里，洗衣机可望使妇女摆脱繁重的洗衣劳作。
但事实上，它们促使我们每天，而不是每星期换一次衣服，这就使熨洗衣物的工作量变成原来的7倍。
同样地，每周一次的沐浴为每日一次的淋浴所代替，使得用于个人穿着打扮的时间大大增加。
与此同时，技术发展不仅听任工作侵入我们的闲暇时间——带着便携式电脑去海滩综合症——而且添加了收发传真、电子邮件和语音邮件这些新的负担。
技术发展还向我们提供机会，在个人电脑上一连几小时处理软件故障，或把因特网上那些无用的信息塞进自己的大脑。
除去技术发展，因特网指出了我们为何感到时间如此紧迫的第二个原因：信息爆炸。
几个世纪以前，人类积累的几乎所有知识都能装在若干哲人的大脑之中。
新标准大学英语四UNIT6
About the author Go to the text
Text
About the author
The author of the passage Mo Mowlam (1949– 2005) was a British Labour politician, who was the Member of Parliament for Redcar from 1987 to 2001, and served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Her personal charisma, reputation for plain speaking and fight against a brain tumour led her to be perceived by many as one of the most popular “New Labour” politicians in the UK. She died in 2005 because of a brain tumour.
Text
7
But then he'd always wanted to be a general. This ambition dated back to the days when he spent his school holidays playing with toy soldiers in the corridors of Blenheim Palace, below the tapestries of his heroic ancestors. He must have been delighted when, in 1911, he was made First Lord of the Admiralty – and even more so when the First World War offered him the opportunity to plan a major military offensive at Gallipoli, in 1915.
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The most popular textbooks still continue to be organized around management functions, though these have generally been condensed to the basic four: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Let us briefly define what each of these functions encompasses. Keep in mind before we begin, however, that, although we will look at each as an independent function, managers must be able to perform all four functions simultaneously and that each function has an effect on the others. That is, these functions are interrelated and interdependCarol Bartz are all responsible for designing an organization’s structure. We call this management function organizing. Organizing includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.
4 We know that every organization contains people. And it is part of a manager’s job to direct and coordinate those people. Performing this activity is leading function of management. When managers motivate employees, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channel, or resolve conflicts among members, they are engaging in leading.
Unit 1 What Are the Four Functions of Management?
1 In the early part of this century, a French industrialist by the name of Henri Fayol wrote that all managers perform five management functions. They plan, organize, command, coordinate and control. In the mid-1950s, two professors at UCLA used the functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling as the framework for a textbook on management that for twenty years was unquestionably the most widely sold text on the subject.
2 If you don’t much care where you want to get to, then it doesn’t matter which way you go, as the Cheshire explained to Alice in Wonderland. Since organizations exist to achieve some purpose, someone has to define that purpose and the means for its achievement. A manager is that someone. The planning function encompasses defining an organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Setting goals keeps the work to be done in its proper focus and helps organizational members keep their attention on what is most important.
5 The final function managers perform is controlling. After the goals are set, the plans formulated, the structural arrangements determined, and the people hired, trained, and motivated, something may still go amiss. To ensure that things are going as they should, a manager must monitor the organization’s performance. Actual performance must be compared with the previously set goals. If there are any significant deviations, it is the manager’s responsibility to get the organization back on track. This process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is what we mean when we refer to the controlling function.