2016年四川大学857传感技术考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题
测试与传感器技术试题库及答案 (1)
测试与传感器技术试题(1)一、判断题(判断下列各题，正确的在题干后面的括号内打A“√”，错误的打B“×”。
每小题2分，共10分)1.X-Y记录仪可记录任何频率的信号。
( B )2.分析周期信号的频谱的工具是傅立叶级数。
( A )3.阻抗变换器的作用是将传感器的高输出阻抗变为低阻抗输出。
( A )4.瞬态信号的频谱一定是连续的。
( A )5.系统的不失真测试条件要求测试系统的幅频特性和相频特性均保持恒定。
( B )二、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将其号码填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分，共10分)1.信号x(t)=sin(2t+1)+cos(t/3)是( A )A.周期信号B.非周期信号C.瞬态信号D.随机信号*2.用共振法确定系统的固有频率时，在有阻尼条件下，( )频率与系统固有频率一致。
A.加速度共振B.速度共振C.位移共振D.自由振动3.压电式加速度计与测振仪之间可以串接的是( A )A.电荷放大器B.A/D转换器C.相敏检波器D.滤波器4.温度误差的线路补偿法是利用电桥( C )实现的。
A.相邻桥臂同变输入电压相加B.相邻桥臂差变输入电压相减C.相对桥臂同变输入电压相加D.相对桥臂差变输入电压相加5.差动变压器式位移传感器中线圈之间的互感M( B )A.始终保持不变B.随被测位移的变化而变化C.不随被测位移的变化而变化D.随线圈电流的变化而变化三、填空题(每空1分，共30分)1.若位移信号x(t)=Acos(ωt+ψ),则其速度信号的振幅为___AW_____，加速度信号的振幅为______AW2__。
2.利用数字频率计测量振动频率时，一般对低频信号测________，高频信号测________。
3.信号的频谱函数可表示为__幅值______频谱和___相位_____频谱。
4.用共振法确定系统的固有频率时，由于测量的振动参数不同，存在着________共振频率，________共振频率，________共振频率。
(NEW)四川大学887物理化学历年考研真题汇编(含部分答案)
12．已知对行反应
的cA,e＜cB,e，则有k1______k－1。
13．已知平行反应
的cB＞cD，则有k1______k2。
14．已知连串反应 k1______k2。
的cA，0＞cB，max，则有
15．1mol纯气体自发相变为纯液体，该过程的ΔH______0， ΔG______0。
A．高 B．低 C．相等 D．不可比较
6 对于稀溶液的沸点升高，下列叙述中不正确的是（ ）。 A．正比于溶质的浓度 B．与溶质的性质有关 C．与溶剂的沸点有关
D．与溶剂的气化热有关
7 理想气体反应A＋B＝AB的Qρ＜0，平衡将随下列哪一组条件向 右移动（ ）。
A．温度和压力均下降 B．温度和压力均上升 C．温度上升，压力下降 D．温度下降，压力上升
3 对于封闭体系中发生的等压过程和等容过程，下列说法中不正 确的是（ ）。
A．等压过程有Qp＝ΔH
B．等容过程有QV＝ΔU C．Qp与QV都是状态函数 D．Qp与QV都不是状态函数
4 对于理想气体的绝热过程，下列说法中正确的是（ ）。 A．绝热可逆膨胀过程有ΔU＝0 B．绝热可逆压缩过程有ΔS＝0 C．绝热可逆膨胀过程有ΔH＝0 D．绝热可逆压缩过程有ΔG＝0
24．碱金属离子的盐析能力为CS＋______Rb＋______Li＋。 25．一价负离子对正电胶体的聚沉能力为I－______Br－______Cl －。
三、计算题（共50分） 1 1mol理想气体经过等压可逆过程从始态400K、101325Pa膨胀到 终态700K、101325Pa。已知系统始态的熵是125.52J·K－1，Cp，m＝ 83.314 J·K－1，计算过程的ΔU、ΔH、ΔS、ΔA、ΔG、Q和W。
传感器技术及应用试卷
《传感器技术与应用》科期考试题考试类型：理论考试时间：90分钟出题老师：韦艳云考试班级：考生姓名：考生学号：卷面成绩：一、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1、传感器的静态特性指标有灵敏度、线性度、迟滞性和重复性。
2、利用电涡流位移传感器测量转速时，被测轴齿盘的材料必须是金属_ ______。
3、导体的电阻率随温度变化而变化的物理现象为导体的热阻效应。
金属热电阻就是基于这一效应测量温度的。
热电阻主要有铂热电阻和铜热电阻。
4、已知某传感器的灵敏度为K0，且灵敏度变化量为△K0，则该传感器的相对灵敏度误差计算公式为r s= (△K0/K0)×100%。
5、电阻应变片在应力作用下电阻率发生变化，这种现象称为____应变_______效应。
6、电阻应变片的测量电路主要有直流电桥和交流电桥，其中直流电桥中又有单臂电桥、半桥和全桥。
7、光纤的核心是由折射率较大的光纤和折射率较小的包层构成的双层同心圆柱结构。
8、用于制作压电传感器的常用压电材料是石英晶体、压电陶瓷。
二、判断题（对的打“√”,错的打“×”，每题2分，共20分）1、压电式传感器具有体积小、结构简单等优点，适合于频率较低的被测量的测量，甚至是静态量的测量。
（×）2、光敏电阻的暗电阻越大越好，而亮阻越小越好，也就是说暗电流要小，亮电流要大。
这样光敏电阻的灵敏度就高。
（√）3、真值是指一定的时间及空间条件下，某物理量体现的真实数值。
真值是客观存在的，而且是可以测量的。
（×）4、置信系数取不同典型值时，具有不同的置信概率。
置信系数越高，置信水平则越低，表明对测量精度的要求越低。
（√）5、一阶装置动态特性的主要参数是时间常数τ，一般希望它越大越好。
（×）6、差动变压器式传感器的两个次级线圈在联接时反向串联。
（√）7、LTI系统的灵敏度是时间的线性函数。
（×）8、涡流传感器一般采用高频投射式或低频反射式两种方式测量。
四川大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题-生物化学答案
四川大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题生物化学答案一、名词解释DNA复性和杂交：复性是指变性的DNA分子在适当的条件下，又可以使两条彼此分开的链重新缔合成为双螺旋结构，这个过程叫做复性。
杂交是指异源的DNA分子在复性的时候，由于某些区域有相同的序列，复性时候会形成杂交的DNA分子。
酮体：乙酰乙酸 D-β羟丁酸和丙酮统称为酮体。
DNA回文序列：结构相同，顺序相反的一段DNA序列。
PCR聚合酶链式反应是一种用于放大扩增特定的DNA片段的分子生物学技术，它可看作是生物体外的特殊DNA复制原位杂交：将已知序列，且预先用荧光染色或同位素标记的探针用来“识别”另一分子中的同源部分，但该核酸分子不取出来，而是使他保持在组织细胞中，将标记的探针与细胞中核酸进行杂交。
Q酶：即分支酶，在糖原的合成中负责合成分支，即α-1,6糖苷键从主链切断α-1,4糖苷键，并把这段转移到直连任意一个残基的6-OH处形成1,6糖苷键。
酮症:当胰岛素依赖型糖尿病人胰岛素治疗中断或剂量不足，非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病人遭受各种应激时，糖尿病代谢紊乱加重，脂肪分解加快，酮体生成增多超过利用而积聚时，血中酮体堆积，称为酮血症，其临床表现称为酮症。
β氧化：β-氧化是脂肪酸常见的一种氧化分解方式，由于是β位的C原子酮化，故称β氧化，包括活化，氧化，水合，氧化，硫解步骤。
酶的共价修饰：一些基团可以与酶发生可逆的共价结合，从而改变酶的活性，这一过程称为酶的共价修饰，使酶在无活性和活性之间转变，最重要的修饰是磷酸化和去磷酸化。
抗体酶：具有催化能力的免疫球蛋白，具有典型的酶反应特性。
二．是非题√××√× √√√√×√√√√√ √×√×√三．选择题1.B 2.ABCE 3.ABE 4.A 5.ABD 6.AD 7.AC8.B 9.C 10.AC 11.BDE 12.ACF四．回答题：1.我们常常以底物浓度变化在起始浓度的5%以内称为初始速度，由于最开始体系内没有产物，故测定产物的生产比较方便和准确。
传感器与检测技术试题及答案(212题)
传感器与检测技术试题及答案（212题）1、己知某温度传感器为时间常数T=3s的一阶系统，当受到突变温度作用后，传感器输出指示温差的三分之一所需的时间为() sA、3B、1C、1.2D、1/3答案内容：C；2、下列传感器中的不属于结构型传感器的是()A、扩散硅压阻式压力传感器。
B、线绕电位器式传感器。
C、应变片式压力传感器。
D、金属丝式传感器。
答案内容：A；3、下列不属于按传感器的工作原理进行分类的传感器是()。
A、应变式传感器B、化学型传感器C、压电式传感器D、热电式传感器答案内容：B；4、随着人们对各项产品技术含量要求的不断提高，传感器也朝向智能化方面发展。
其中，典型的传感器智能化结构模式是()。
A、传感器+通信技术B、传感器+微处理器C、传感器+多媒体技术D、传感器+计算机答案内容：B；5、（本题为多选题）传感技术的研究内容主要包括：()A、信息获取B、信息转换C、信息处理D、信息传输答案内容：ABC；6、一阶传感器输出达到稳态值的10%到90%所需的时间称为()。
A、延迟时间B、上升时间C、峰值时间D、响应时间答案内容：B；7、传感器的下列指标全部属于静态特性的是()。
A、线性度、灵敏度、阻尼系数B、幅频特性、相频特性、稳态误差C、迟滞、重复性、漂移D、精度、时间常数、重复性答案内容：C；8、传感器的下列指标全部属于动态特性的是()。
A、迟滞、灵敏度、阻尼系数B、幅频特性、相频特性C、重复性、漂移D、精度、时间常数、重复性答案内容：B；9、（本题为多选题）利用霍尔片，我们可以测量一步到位哪些物理量（）。
A、磁场；B、电功率；C、载流子浓度；D、载流子类型。
答案内容：ABCD；10、在整个测量过程中，如果影响和决定误差大小的全部因素(条件)始终保持不变，对同一被测量进行多次重复测量，这样的测量称为()。
A、组合测量.B、静态测量C、等精度测量D、零位式测量答案内容：C；11、下列传感器中的物性型传感器的是()A、扩散硅压阻式压力传感器。
四川大学2016独家真题
四川大学2016年博士研究生英语入学考试试题考生请注意：1.本试题共5大题，共11页，请考生注意检杏.考试时间为180分钟2. 1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。
3.翻译和作文题答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。
书写要求字迹消楚、工整。
I. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhen a person begins a mediatedor immediate encounter, he already stands in some kind of social relationship to the others concerned, and expects to stand in a given relationship to them after the particular encounter ends. This, of course, is one of the ways in which social contacts are geared into the wider society. Much of the activity occurring during an encounter can be understood as an effort on everyone’s part to get through the occasion and all the unanticipated and unintentional events that can cast participants in an undesirable light, without disrupting the relationships of the participants. And if relationships are in the process of change，the object will be to bring the encounter to a satisfactory close without altering the expected course of development. The perspective nicely accounts, for example, for the little ceremonies of greeting and farewell which occur when people begin a conversational encounter or depart from one. Greetings provide a way of showing that a relationship is still what it was at the termination of the previous co-participation, and, typically, that this relationship involves sufficient suppression of hostility for the participants temporarily to drop their guards and talk. Farewells sum up the effect of the encounter upon the relationship and show what the participants may expect of one another when they next meet. The enthusiasm of greetings compensates for the weakening of the relationship caused by the absence just terminated, while the enthusiasm of farewells compensates the relationship for the harm that is about to be done to it by separation.It seems to be a characteristic obligation of many social relationships that each of the members guarantees to support a given face for the other members in given situations. To prevent disruption of these relationships, it is therefore necessarily for each member to avoid destroying the others’ face. At the same time, it is often the person’s social relationship with others that leads him to participate in certain encounters with them, where incidentally he will be dependent upon them for supporting his face. Furthermore, in many relationships, the members come to share a face, so that in the presence of third parties an improper act on the part of one member becomes a source of acute embarrassment to the other members. A social relationship, then, can be seen as a way in which the person is more than ordinarily forced to trust his self-image and face to the tact and good conduct of others.1 .The last word of the first sentence, nam ely “ends' is most likely B .[A] a noun, meaning “purposes” or “objectives”[B] a verb, meaning “comes to a finish”[C] a postpositional adjective, me aning “finishing”[D] an adjective, meaning “purposeful”2. According to the author, if any unexpected difficulties occur in a social contact,B .[A] the relationships between the participants break up[B] those who participate will be in an unintentional event[C] all participants would try to maintain their relationships|D] the participants will certainly get through an activity3. Which of the following is NOT an idea of the author? C[A] The participants hope their relationship would be the same as they met last.[B] Greetings are just as important as farewells in a social encounter.[C] Before every greeting there is always sufficient hostility to suppress.[D] If their relationship changes, the participants want it to change as they hoped.4. The last sentence of the second paragraph means that . A[A] one’s self-image is dependent on how others behave[B] face and self-image are two different kinds of relationships[C] social relationship is something that is forced on all participants[D] to get along well with others is a process of giving each other face5. The best title for this passage may well be . A[A] Face and Social Relationship [B] How to Conduct Socially[C] Greetings and Farewells [D] Conversational SociologyPassage Two（Tips:出现人名字的地方用笔圈出来，数字用笔圈出来）The poet William Blake wrote in the early nineteenth century: “Great things are done when men and mountains meet.”Great things indeed were done on Mount Everest in May of 1996. Also poignant things, foolish things, deadly things：Hundreds of climbers from eleven different expeditions were on the mountain ---- thirty-one near the summit ---- when a freakish and fierce-some storm blew in. Eight climbers perished, the highest one-day death toll since the first expedition tried to reach the top of the world’s tallest peak in 1921.Adventurers have always sought challenges: deeper jungles, wider oceans, newer worlds. But mountains have been special. Perhaps it’s their size, the ir power, their resistance to conquest. InPatrick Mey ers’s play K2, a marooned climber on the Himalaya peak that gives the play its name delivers this li ne: “Mountains are metaphors.” And so they are. Climbers search not just for summits but also for themselves. They reach up to reach in.That helps explain why Everest has been enveloped by “Mountain Madness，”the name of a Seattle company that offers guided tours of the peak for about $65,000 (plus airfare to Nepal). New technology and equipment have also helped: lighter gear, warmer clothing, better radios and telephones. And the adventure can be shared, practically in real time, with Internet browsers around the world.But the community of high-mountain explorers now is gripped by soul-searching and second-guessing. Everest, after all, is not a theme peak. Some of the dead were experienced guides who lost their lives trying to save less agile amateurs. Said Mark Bryant, editor of Outside Magazines:“Some of us have been asking: Is it right that an average climber can order an ascent of Everest out of a catalog?” An Australian mountaineer, Tim McCartney-Snape, told the Associated Press: “Some things should remain sacred, and Everest is one of them. Even the strongest and toughest have found it can be extremely difficult just existing at that altitude, without other people depending on you.On Everest, dependency can lead to heroism and to tragedy. One frostbitten amateur, Seaborne Weathers of Dallas, was plucked from a rocky ledge at 22,000 feet by a Nepalese army helicopter — an act of incredible bravery. And Rob Hall, a guide who had climbed Everest several times, stayed on its slope with a dying customer. After learning they were hopelessly trapped, Hall managed to place a satellite telephone call to his pregnant wife, Jan, in New Zealand. “Hey, look,” he told her, “don’t worry about me.” At that moment, Hall remembered Harold, the character in K2 who muses: “Understanding has no meaning. Holding on, just holding on, that has meaning. Like Harold, he knew the mountain was still a mountain. Still a goal. Still a dream. And he couldn’t hold on. Rob Hall died before rescuers could reach him.6. Which of the following statements best describes the author’s point of view?[A] Amateurs should not be encouraged to climb Mount Everest.[B] Guided tours of Mount Everest have become a source of enormous profits.[C] In the past, Mount Everest has made heroes out of ordinary men and women.[D] Mount Everest should remain a metaphor to be talked about.7. The sentence “They reach up to reach in”may be best paraphrased by “”[A] To know the inherent meaning of a mountain, one needs to climb up to the top[B] In conquering the mountain, one finds a proof of oneself[C] Mountaineers must climb upward in order to climb inside it[D] One needs to climb up to the top to see why a mountain is metaphorical8. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT .[A] Mountain climbing can have a live report simultaneously[B] Mountaineers can be located instantly during their climbing[C] New technology significantly reduces risks and dangers in mountain climbing {D} It is more dangerous to have someone depending on you during mountain climbing9. In the last paragraph,Harold’s saying “Understanding has no meaning” means.[A] determination is more vital than thinking[B] persistence and action require reasoning[C] one should avoid misunderstanding the situation[D] it is meaningless to think in mountaineering10. Most likely, the author of this passage is .. [A] a historian[B] a mountaineer[C] a tourist guide [D] a reporterPassage 3The Hertz Corporation, the U.S. Air Force, Hyatt Hotels Corporation, the City of Dallas, and the Neiman-Marcus Group, Inc., have one thing in common----all have purchased the services of Feedback Plus. Feedback Plus is an agency that dispatches profe ssional shoppers who pose as customers. These “mystery” shoppers visit the client’s business, purchase products or services and report back to the client on the quality of service they receive. The City of Dallas hired Feedback Plus to see how car-pound employees treat citizens picking up their cars. The Air Force is using professional shoppers to assess customer service at their on-base supply stores. Banks, hospitals, and public utilities are also hiring mystery shoppers. Vickie Henry, chief executive of Feedback Plus, notes that many similar firms compete for client’s business, and service really differentiates one firm from another. Although Henry has a database of 8,800 people who serve as professional shoppers, she sometimes assumes the role of mystery shopper herself. During a recent visit to an upscale women's apparel store, she observed the type of customer service most companies attempt to avoid. None of the many salespeople on the sales floor said hello when she entered the store. When she removed a skirt from a clothing rack, none of the salespeople approached her. Finally, several minutes after entering the store, Henry approached a salesperson and asked to use the dressing room. Needless to say, service at this firm did not receive high marks from Feedback Plus.As organizations experience increased competition for clients, patients, and customers, awareness of the importance of public contact increases. They are giving new attention to the old adage “First impressions are lasting impressions.” Re search indicates that initial impressions do indeed tend to linger. Therefore, a positive first impression can set the stage for a long-term relationship.We are indebted to Susan Bixler, president of Professional Image, Inc., and author of Professional Presence, for giving us a better understanding of what it means to possess professional presence. Professional presence is a dynamic blend of poise, self-confidence, control and style that empowers us to be able to command respect in any situation. Once acquired, it permits us to be perceived as self-assured and thoroughly competent. We project a confidence that others can quickly perceive the first time they meet us.Bixler points out that, in most cases, the credentials we present during a job interview or when we are being considered for a promotion are not very different from those of other persons being considered, [t is oar professional presence that permits us to rise above the crowd. Debra Benton, a career consultant, says, “Any boss with a choice of two people with equal qualifications will choose the one with style as well as substance.” Learning to create a professional presence is one of the most valuable skills we can acquire.The development of professional presence begins with a full appreciation ofthe power of first impressions. The tendency to form impressions quickly at the time of an initial meeting illustrates what social psychologists call a primacy effect in the way people perceive one another. The general principle is that first impressions establish the mental framework within which a person is viewed, and later evidence is either ignored or reinterpreted to coincide with this framework.11. For all of the following walks of life EXCEPT the the professional presence has beendiscussed in this passage.[A] economic [B] military[C] academic [D] medical12. The underlined word “apparel” in the first paragraph means ““[A] apparatus [B] cosmetics[C] clothing [D] specialty13. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] No first impressions would ever change in the later contacts.[B] How one composes oneself determines how one is evaluated by others.[C] Social psychology is a science that stipulates the principles for social behaviors.[D] Opportunities in jobs or promotions are for those who differ from their competitors.14. The underlined word : “poise” in the third paragraph means:[A] proper comportment [B]desirable position[C] careful pause [D] positive assurance15. Which of the following is likely to be the title of this article?[A] The Power of First Impression[B] The Primacy Effect in Marketing[C] Social Psychology in Business[D] The Importance of FeedbackPassage FourYou can’t drive if you’re blind, or blind drunk, but an alarming number of Americans find themselves, at least occasionally, driving in a blind rage. “It’s a major social issue，”says Dr. Ricardo Martinez, administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safe ty Administration. “A 3,000-pound car in the hands of rude, hostile person is a lethal weapon.”A report on “road rage” to be released this week by the American Automobiles Association concluded that “motorists ... are increasingly being shot, stabbed, beaten, and run over for i nane reasons.” And inanity is not confined to young louts in “Baywatch” T-shirt: young men are by far the most common perpetrators, but middle-aged men and women can be equally big jerks. The most common manifestation of road rage was aggressive tailgating, followed by headlight flashing, “obscene gestures”, blocking other vehi cles, and verbal abuse. Drivers have been assaulted with weapons ranging from partially eaten burritos to canes (“a favorite with the elderly and disabled”）to golf clubs ---- and other vehicles, including buses, bulldozers, forklifts, and military tanks. “In terms of fatal crashes, drunks are a muchbigger menace,”says David Willis, president of the AAA Foundation of Traffic Safety. “But the average motorist doesn’t encounter a drunk very often, while in a place like Washington, D.C., at least once a week yo u’ll have an encounter with some crazy guy on the road.”Naturally, the phenomenon has given rise to its own therapeutic movement, whose leading practitioner is a Whittier, California, psychologist named Arnold Nerenburg. Nerenburg, who calls himself “America’s Road Rage Therapist”, has identified four stimuli that provoked road rage. The most common is feeling endange red by someone else’s driving --- for example, when another driver cuts you off or follows too closely. Others are resentment at being forced to slow down, righteous indignation at someone who breaks traffic rules or steals your parking space and ----perhaps the most dangerous, because it opens the door to an escalating exchange of hostilities ----anger at another driver who takes his own road rage out on you.The fact that most drivers are mutual strangers contributes to the volatility of highway confrontations. “There’s a deep psychological urge to release aggre ssion against an anonymous other,” Nerenburg says.Road-rage therapy tends toward the common-sensical---- “Take a deep breath and just let it go,” Nerenburg recommends. But it might help to consider that you might not be all that anonymous to the other driver. One of his patients realized the depth of his problem after he yelled an obscenity at the woman in the next car ----who turned out to be his boss s wife.16 .Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?[A] More and more Americans are using their cars to express their anger.[B] Old people and women are milder in temperament during driving.[C] Common sense might be the basis for overcoming road rage.[D] If people know each other, road rage would not happen.17. According to American Automobile Association, thepeople are more likely than all the others to be road-angered.[A] young [B] middle-aged[C]old [D] handicapped18. Which of the following is a justifiable cause for road rage, according to Dr. Nerenburg?[A] Another driver fails to observe a traffic law.[B] The parking space is occupied by another car.[C] The lane is taken by a slowly-moving car.[D] Another driver flashes the head-light.19. The underlined word “lethal” in the first paragraph means:[A] powerful[B] illegal[C] dangerous[D] deadly20. What might be the deep problem that one of Nerenburg’s patients had realized?[A] He faces a lawsuit of sex harassment.[B] He is in danger of being fired.[C] He will be fined by traffic police.[D] He falls ill and has to see a doctor.Passage FiveMost people, asked if they can think without -speech, would probably answer, “Yes, but it is not easy for me to do so. Still I know it can be done.” Language is but a garment! But what if language is not so much a garment as a prepared road or groove? It is, indeed, in the highest degree likely that language is an instrument originally put to uses lower than the conceptual plane and that thought arises as a refined interpretation of its content. The product grows, in other words, with the instrument and the thought may be no more conceivable, in its genesis and daily practice, without speech than is mathematical reasoning practicable without the lever of an appropriate mathematically symbolism. No one believes that even the most difficult mathematical proposition is inherently dependent on an arbitrary set of symbols, but it is impossible to suppose that the human mind is capable of arriving at or holding such a proposition without the symbolism.The writer, for one, is strongly of the opinion that the feeling entertained by so many that they can think, or even reason, without language is an illusion. The illusion seems to be due to a number of factors. The simplest of these is the failure to distinguish between imagery and thought. As a matter of fact, no sooner do we try to put an image into conscious relation with another than we find ourselves slipping into a silent flow of words. Thought may be a natural domain apart from the artificial one of speech, but speech would seem to the only road we know of that leads to it.21. In the first line, the underlined phrase can best be replaced by[A] most of the people [B] more people[C] more than one people [D] many people22. In line 3, the word ‘groove” is probably closest in meaning to[A] later growth [B] designated slot[C] particular path [D] ready-made viaduct23. Which of the following statements would the author of the passage agree?[A] Thought came into being earlier than language[B] It is language that makes conceptual thought possible[C] Thought is no different from mathematics because it depends on symbolism[D] Both thought and language are the interpretation of propositions.24. Which of the following statements is true according to the author?[A] The imagery is the precondition of thought[B] Thought has to be bore in words.[C] Imagery is an explanation of words.[D] Once we use words, we make mistakes.25. The idea of this passage is held by[A]some people including the writer.[B] the writer himself alone[C] most people but the writer[D] one of the people other than the writerPassage SixStrikes and strikebreaking, lockouts and boycotts, all pit one side against the other in labor disputes. Ultimately, the negative effects of such actions ---- including resentment, fear, and distrust ---- linger for months or years after a dispute has been resolved.Increasingly, more productive techniques such as mediation and arbitration are being used to settle disagreements between labor and management. Either one may come into play before a labor contract expires or after some other strategy, such as a strike, has proven ineffective.Mediation is the use of a neutral third party to assist management and the union during their negotiations. This third party (the mediator) listens to both sides, trying to find common ground for agreement. The mediator also tries to encourage communication between the two sides to promote compromise, and generally keep the negotiation moving. Initially, the mediator may meet privately with each side. Eventually, however, the goal is to get the two sides to settle their differences at the bargaining table.Unlike mediation, the arbitration step involves a formal hearing. Just as it may be the final step in a grievance procedure, it may also be used in contract negotiations when the two sides cannot agree on one or more issues. At this point, the arbitrator hears the formal positions of both parties on outstanding, unresolved issues. The arbitrator then analyzes these positions and makes a decision on the possible resolution of the issues. If both sides have agreed in advance that the arbitration will be binding, that means they must accept the arbitrator’s decision.If mediation and arbitration are unsuccessful, then according to the Taft-Hartley Act, the president of the United States can obtain a temporary injunction to prevent or to stop a strike if it would endanger national health or security.26. According to the author, with the solution of a labor crisis[A] the tension between labor and management can continue[B] labor and management do not trust each other any more[C] the negative effect of actions like strike would be resolved[D] a long time is needed to bring the dispute to an end27. To resolve a labor dispute, one should[A] resort to mediation or arbitration from the start[B] make sure that the labor contract expires[C] take other steps before going to mediation or arbitration[D] strike first and then accept mediation or arbitration28. Which of the following is true of mediation?[A] The mediator makes final decisions after meeting with both sides.[B] To avoid bias, the mediator cannot meet either side in advance.[C] The primary task is to help both sides bargain with each other.[D] The mediator can be a representative from either the labor or the management.29. The pre-condition for an arbitration to be authoritative is that[A] both sides agree in advance to abide by the decision made[B] a formal hearing must be conducted just like in a court trial[C] the decision is focused on the most outstanding and unresolved issues[D] there is no bargaining allowed by arbitration，unlike mediation30. In the last sentence, the underlined word “injunction” most likely refers to[A] a formal declaration [B] a subpoena [C] a lawsuit protocol [D] an official orderVI Vocabulary (10%; 0-5 mark each)31. Dr. Norman Bethune came from Canada to help the Chinese people in their war against Japanese aggression.[A] in the way [B] all the way [C] along the way [D] by the way32. Throughout history, he who knows the art of war uses force only as the last[A] resort [B] rescue [C] refrain [D] recant33. After a careful investigation and evaluation，the city hall decided to the old house.[A] dismantle [B] destroy [C] demolish [D] delineate34. The monument was so small that it appears to be more for than for memorial.[A] significance [B] indifference [C] oblivion [D] memory35. Millions of years ago the Vesuvian volcano destroyed Pompeii, but today it is[A] dormant [B] Pacifying [C] ignited [D] pictured36. Because humans have to talk about the limitless world by means of limited language sounds, there is a great between the world and language.[A] apathy [B]anomaly [C] asymmetry [D] agnosticism37. If an organism is quite successful in getting used with the environment that is new to it, we say that the organism is very[A] agile [B] adjustable [C] adoptive [D] adaptive38. When we do Planning, we Should take a11 relevant factors into consideration in order to as much as possible the difficult cases or even failures.[A] forestall [B] forerun [C] foretell [D] forecast39. is the practice of putting yourself in a position of another person in order to understand his/her feelings.[A] affectionate [B]empathy[C] pathology [D] affiliation40. In schools and universities, some courses are compulsory, which one has to take, while the others are( ) , either freely of as required.[A] optimal [B] opaque [C] optical [D] optional41. When one applies for a job position, one needs to ( ) one's resume, describing one's educational as well as working experiences.[A] submit [B] subject [C] submerge [D] subside42. As industry grew，so ( ) did the need for more and more skilled industrial workers.[A] much[B] as to[C] too[D] as for43. The rescue team worked hard to search for the missing mountaineers,( ) the heavy and icy snowstorm.[A] in spite [B] despite [C] although [D] disregard44. “Breaking Bad” is the most thrilling TV drama series ( ) I have watched in several years.[A] as [B] what [C] which [D] that45. The revised feasibility report handed in by the draft team is good enough, ( )a few spelling errors on some pages.[A] except for [B] except that [C] excepting [D] except46. It is mandatory that the engineering project ( ) accomplished by the end of this year.[A] is [B] has been [C] be[D] will be47. ( ) the advice from the councilor, we would not have finished the task so smoothly.[A] out of [B] what with [C] but for [D] instead of48. The traffic accident has claimed 5 lives, the cause of which is still ( ) investigation.[A] under [B] beyond [C] for [D] beneath49. Even though the bell for dismissing class has rung，the teacher is still talking ( )[A] over [B] forward [C] off [D] away50. Since the negotiation with the management has come to a deadlock, the worker's union decide to take ( ) the street.[A] to [B] over [C] down [D] away withIII Cloze (10%; 0.5 mark each)In the last decade, giving birth at home has become an increasingly popular option for some couples. Assisted by a physician or a nurse-midwife，many women have successfully given birth at home (51) A to healthy babies. In fact, some studies indicate that ―一for (52)<C>uncomplicated pregnancies --- home delivery is as safe as hospital delivery. (53) [B] Advocates of home birth argue that the atmosphere in a hospital --- with all its forbidding machines，rules, regulations, and general lack of “homeyness”---- is stressful. (54) [B] Therefore ，giving birth in a hospital detracts from what should be a joyous, natural human experience. Supporters of home birth further argue that hospitals are (55) [C] meant to deal with illness and that the delivery of a baby should not be viewed as an illness.On the other side of the argument, critics of home birth argue that if emergency medical (56) [A] procedures are necessary, giving birth at home may be (57) [B] downright dangerous. Furthermore, hospital practices in labor and delivery have changed (58) [D] radically in the last decade, particularly with the increased popularity of the Lamaze method. Thus hospitals are not the strange, forbidding environments they once were. (59) [A] Most hospitals, for example, allow fathers to be present (60) [A] at the entire labor and delivery, and many allow the father to be present (61) [A] in the operating room during the cesarean deliveries. Many hospitals have (62) [D] altogether created birth centers, homelike rooms with comfortable beds and armchairs, that allow labor and delivery to (63) [C] occur in a。
2016年10月自考传感器与检测技术(02202)试题及答案解析
2016年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试传感器与检测技术试卷(课程代码02202)本试卷共4页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2．第一部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3．第二部分为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
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第一部分选择题(共20分)一、单项选择题(本大题共l0小题，每小题2分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
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1．属于传感器静态特性指标的是A．迟滞特性B．动态范围C．幅频特性D．相频特性2．圆筒电容式液位高度传感器属于A．变极距型B．变面积型C．变介质型D．变间隙型3．电涡流式转速传感器测量转速时，其转速n(单位：r／mm)与被测转轴上的标记数z和输出周期信号的频率f(单位：Hz)的关系为4．谐振式压力传感器是将被测压力的变化转换为弹性敏感元件的A．振型变化B．振幅变化C．相位变化D．固有频率变化5．不能用于补偿热电偶冷端影响的方法是A．电流补偿法B．电位补偿法C．电桥补偿法D．恒温补偿法6．直流电阻型水分传感器的等效电路应该表示为A．电感上和电阻R并联B．电容C和电阻R并联C．电感三和电阻R串联D．电容C和电阻R串联7．视觉传感器多为固体半导体摄像机，其摄像元件为A．电阻耦合器件B．电感耦合器件C．电荷耦合器件D．电压耦合器件8．低通滤波器在其幅频特性对应的-3dB频率点处，输出信号与输入信号幅值之比为9．信号的A．幅频谱相同，相频谱相同B．幅频谱不同，相频谱相同C．幅频谱相同，相频谱不同D．幅频谱不同，相频谱不同10．超声无损检测技术使用的声波频率一般应大于A．20Hz B．200HzC．2000Hz D．20000Hz第二部分非选择题(共80分)二、填空题(本大题共l0小题，每小题l 分，共10分)11．传感器输出变化量与引起此变化的输入变化量之比称为_______。
传感器与检测技术试题有答案 (2)
一、名词解释（每题4分）1、电涡流效应2、霍尔效应3、光电效应二、填空（每空1分）1、热电阻传感器可分为__金属热电阻式__和___半导体热电阻式__两大类，前者简称__热电阻__，后者简称_热敏电阻_。
2、基于场的定律的传感器称为__结构型___，基于物质定律的传感器称为___物性型___。
3、传感器动态标定使用的标准激励信号分为两类：__正弦__和__阶跃__。
4、半导体材料的应变电阻效应主要基于__压阻_效应。
5、无外磁场时，霍尔元件在额定控制电流下，两霍尔电极之间的开路电势称为__不等位电势____。
6、逆压电效应又叫__电致伸缩___。
基于该效应的____发生器和_____发生器分别是超声检测和声表面波检测技术及仪器的关键器件。
7、压电陶瓷除了具有压电性，还具有__热释电效应__，因此它可制作热电传感器件而用于红外探测器中。
8、光纤的最初研究是应用于___通讯____领域。
9、将一灵敏度为0.08mV/℃的热电偶与电压表相连接，电压表接线端为25℃，若电压表读数为30mV，热电偶的热端温度为_______。
10、脉冲回波法测厚，已知超声波在工件中的声速5000m/s，测得时间间隔为18μs，工件厚度为___5000*9*10^-6=0.045m____。
11、编码器按结构形式有__直线式__编码器和_旋转式_编码器。
12、热电偶传感器的工作基础是____________，其产生的热电势包括________电势和_______电势两部分。
热电偶的___连接导体___定律是工业上运用补偿导线法进行温度补偿的理论基础；__中间温度__定律为制定分度表奠定了理论基础；__参考电极__定律简化了热电偶的选配工作。
电涡流传感器的线圈与被测物体的距离减少时，互感系数M将。
利用电涡流位移传感器测量转速时，被测轴齿盘的材料必须是导磁体。
利用电磁感应原理将被测非电量如位移、压力、流量等转换成线圈或互感量的变化，这种装置称为电感式传感器。