2定语从句的翻译二
英语定语从句翻译
英语定语从句翻译英语定语从句翻译近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。
以下内容是店铺为您精心整理的英语定语从句翻译，欢迎参考！英语定语从句翻译一一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。
该结构中的定语从句比较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但还有其独特的地方。
归纳起来，有如下几种情况：1）译成定语可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战；这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易，而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。
（并列的定语）Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。
（分开的定语）And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the WesternEuropeans.英语定语从句翻译二定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成，用来修饰名词中心词。
定语从句的翻译2
经理只宴请了几个人，因为他特别想和这些人 谈谈，听听他们的意见。 尽管父亲认为这个办法可能不会起作用，但还 是支持我。 为了使新产品在市场热销，这个公司正在全力 改进工艺和外包装。 一种新产品，只要包装精美，质量过硬，宣传 得力，就能在市场中热销。
译成独立句:有时定语从句的位置在主句中的位置很 难安排得当，可考虑主从关系融合，将原文重新组 织。
The manager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from. My father,who thought it might not work,supported me. This company,which wants to get their new product sold well in the market,is trying hard to perfect its packing and workmanship. A new product which has beautiful packing,good quality and advertising may very likely be a hit in market.
英语中有些定语从句在逻辑上对主句起着状语的作用, 说明原因,目的,结果,条件和让步等等关系.汉译时应从 原文的字里行间审定这些逻辑关系,然后译成汉语相应 的偏正复句. The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships , which require assistance of tugboats. 罢工使远洋轮不能靠岸,因为靠岸需要拖船的帮助 Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries , who will negotiate trade agreement with the respective government. 中国派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国,以便与这些国家的 政府商谈贸易协定 My uncle , who will be seventy tomorrow , is still a keen sportsman . 尽管我大伯明天就满70岁了,但他仍然热衷于户外运 动
定语从句翻译练习2
定语从句翻译练习孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。
The book that Mt. Sun wrote is the best book in the world.你喜欢的电影就是我喜欢的。
The film which you like is the film which I like.我讨厌说谎的人。
I hate the person who tells a lie.我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个夏天。
I will never forget the summer when I studied and lived with you. 她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。
She is the beautiful girl that I have ever seen.有什么事我能帮你吗？Is there anything that I can do for you?昨天去世的那个老太太留下了100万美圆。
The old lady who died yesterday left one million.他告诉我吃了我妈妈给我买的那个苹果。
He told me he had eaten my apple which my mother bought for me. Is he the man that sells dogs?他就是卖狗的人吗?She is the girl who won the prize.她就是获奖的姑娘。
I’ve found the book which I was looking for.我找到了我要找的书。
She is the woman whose car was stolen.她就是汽车被盗的那个女人。
She is the woman whom I gave the money to.她就是我给她钱的那位妇女。
He is absorbed in work, as he often was.他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。
定语从句的翻译方法
定语从句的翻译方法
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，常常用来给出额外的信息来
进一步说明该名词或代词。
翻译定语从句时，一般可以采用以下方法：
1.将定语从句翻译为一个完整的句子，放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。
例如：
- The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.
-坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
2.将定语从句翻译为一个介词短语，并用该介词短语修饰被修饰的名
词或代词。
例如：
- The book that I am reading is very interesting.
-我正在看的那本书非常有趣。
3.将定语从句翻译为一个形容词短语，并用该形容词短语修饰被修饰
的名词或代词。
例如：
- The man who is wearing a hat is my father.
-戴着帽子的那个男人是我爸爸。
注意：翻译定语从句时要注意上下文的语境，并使得翻译后的句子通顺、流畅。
定语从句的翻译
定语从句的翻译英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。
他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。
限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。
而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面，并且没有限制意义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用。
英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。
所以，在翻译定语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。
如果英语的定语从句太长，无论是限制性的或非限制性的，都不宜译成汉语中的定语，而应用其他方法处理。
常见的定语从句翻译有以下几种方法。
一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。
既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。
英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。
这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。
翻译时可以用两种方法来处理。
（一）重复先行词。
由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
定语从句翻译练习 (2)
我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first.I have tried on three caps，none of which fits me well. 我试戴了三顶帽子，没有一顶合适。
He's got himself into a dangerous situation _________he is likely to lose control over the planeHe often becomes frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .他常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却感到恐惧或是感到不自在。
Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .昨天在购物中心，我遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。
Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland .人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。
定语从句的翻译方法
另外，有些定语从句英译汉时要需要将主句压缩成主语，而将定语从句译成谓语，融合为一个句子。
另外，在英语中常常会把需要强调的内容放于句首，而汉语中却习惯把附加性说明的定语部分翻译成后置型的并列分句，以求在形式上突出主句的内容。
例1: She suddenly thought of her husband, who had left her and their children behind and had never been heard of. 译文：他丈夫早就抛弃了妻儿一直杳无音信，现在她突然想起了他。
2．译成谓语 当定语从句是存在句，尤其是在“there be结构”和它的变体结构、以及在“it be +主语+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句的谓语在意义上也是整个主句的谓语，因此在英译汉时可将其译为主谓结构的简单句。
例1：There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.译文：在那群人中，有的人每天都站在那里，站了一个月。
例1：He took out a bottle of wine out of his pocket, which he began to drink slowly.译文：他从衣兜里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝起来。
例2： We will send the boy to Britain, where he can receive better education.译文：我们将要把这个孩子送到英国去接受更好的教育。
定语从句翻译方式
定语从句翻译方式定语从句翻译方式定语从句的翻译有一定的翻译方式，下面是店铺为大家整理的定语从句翻译方式!第一、前置翻译法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。
但前置翻译法往往适用于较短的定语。
如：Yao Ming is a basketball player who is ver great.姚明是一名非常伟大的运动员。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
His laughter，which was infectious，broke the silence.他那富有感染力的'笑声打破了沉寂。
第二、后置翻译法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。
其中对于先行词的处理有两种：1. 重复先行词。
如：I told the story to John，who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee，whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。
Although he lacks experience，he has enterprise and creativity，which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。
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定语从句的“并列套用”中文里“本位词”和“外位语”如何翻译成英文英文短句的翻译方法中英文事实和评论的关系英文中四种句子的翻译方法中英文关联词的使用和英文中人名地名的翻译中英文的一个重要差异：中文是动态性语言，善于用动词；英文是静态性语言，善于用名词定语从句的翻译二This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.这种假设基于人性中内在懒惰的谬论，实际上，除了不正常懒惰的人以外，很少有人不愿意挣只比最低生活费多的钱，也很少有人愿意无所事事，而不去工作。
第一步：断句This assumption rests on the fallacy/ of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually,/ aside from abnormally lazy people,/ there would be very few/ who would not want to earn more than the minimum,/ and who would prefer to do nothing/ rather than work.并列套用：中心词+ 定语1 + 定语2 + 定语3 + 。
European’s today, like Americans 200 years ago, seek a world where strength does not matter so much, where unilateral action by nations is forbidden and where all nations regardless of their strength are protected by commonly agreed rules of behavior.当今的欧洲人，就和两百年前的美国人一样，寻找这样一个世界，在那里，武力并不是最重要的，禁止由国家发起的单边运动，所有国家不论其实力，都受到普遍公认的行为准则的保护。
第二步：翻译假设是基于这样一种谬论：人性中存在着天生的懒惰。
实际上，除了不正常懒惰的人以外，没有多少人愿意挣只比最低生活费多的钱，也很少有人愿意无所事事，而不去工作。
1981年何振梁当选为国际奥委会委员，1985年当选为国际奥委会执行委员会委员，1989年最终当选为国际奥委会副主席。
这表明了中国和国际奥委会的合作进入了一个新的阶段。
Mr. He Zhengliang was elected a member of the International Olympic Committee in 1985 and vice chairman of the International Olympic Committee in 1989, which showed that the cooperation between the International Olympic Committee and China had entered a new stage.第三步：重读假设是基于这样一种谬论：人性中存在着天生的懒惰。
实际上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，没有多少人愿意挣只比最低生活费多的钱，也很少有人愿意无所事事，而不去工作。
The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four.美国不能阅读的年轻人的数量是难以置信的大约四分之一。
第一步：断句The number of the young people/ in the United States/ who can’t read/ is incredible/ about one in four.第二步：翻译在美国，没有阅读能力的年轻人的数量大约有四分之一，这简直令人难以置信。
胡锦涛主席对奥巴马总统的来访表示热烈的欢迎。
President Hu Jintao warmly Obama’s visit.我们要努力学习英语，这是很重要的。
It is very important for us to make efforts to study English.第三步：重读在美国，大约有四分之一的年轻人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。
Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allowing one to follow the latestdevelopments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.电视，据说，保持了一个人被通知到当前的大事，允许一个人跟随着科学和政治的最新发展，并且还提供了既有教育意义又有娱乐性的无穷无尽的节目。
第一步：断句Television,/ it is often said,/ keeps one informed about current events,/ allowing one to follow the latest developments/ in science and politics,/ and offers an endless series of programs/ which are both instructive and entertaining.第二步：翻译人们常说，通过电视可以了解当前的时事，可以掌握科学和政治的最新发展，电视还提供了层出不穷的既有教育意义又有娱乐性的节目。
谓语动词的过渡第三步：重读人们常说，通过电视可以了解当前的时事，可以掌握科学和政治的最新发展，电视还播出了层出不穷的既有教育意义又有娱乐性的节目。
With the conclusion of a burst activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis.随着爆发运动的结束，体液中的乳酸高了，让大型动物易于攻击，直到酸重新转化，经过有氧的新陈代谢，由肝脏变成葡萄糖，它接下来又部分地返回到肌肉当中形成糖原。
第一步：断句With the conclusion of a burst activity,/ the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids,/ leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack/ until the acid is reconverted,/ via oxidative metabolism,/ by the liver into glucose,/ which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis.英文中四种类型的句子：长句，无逗号或是很少逗号长句，有大量逗号长句，有大量逗号，有大量生词短句，无逗号第二步：翻译随着剧烈运动的结束，体液中的乳酸升高，让大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸经过有氧的新陈代谢，由肝脏重新转化为葡萄糖，它接下来又部分地返回到肌肉当中形成糖原。
第三步：重读随着剧烈运动的结束，体液中的乳酸升高，让大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸经过有氧的新陈代谢，由肝脏重新转化为葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又部分地返回到肌肉当中形成糖原。
Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.尽管古特曼承认，由于买卖的被迫分离甚为频繁，他表示奴隶们的偏好，在买卖并不是很频繁的种植园当中最为显露地被揭示出来，非常喜好稳定的一夫一妻制。
第一步：断句Although Gutman admits that/ forced separation by sale was frequent,/ he shows that the slaves’preference,/ revealed most clearly on plantations/ where sale was infrequent,/ was very much for stable monogamy.第二步：翻译古特曼尽管认为，由于买卖而造成的被迫分离甚为频繁，但是他仍然认为奴隶们的偏好——在买卖并不是很频繁的种植园当中最为显露地揭示出来——在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制。
第三部：重读尽管古特曼认为，由于买卖而造成的被迫分离甚为频繁，但是他仍然认为奴隶们的偏好——在买卖并不是很频繁的种植园当中最为显露地揭示出来——很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制。
This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.这种对于外族通婚的偏好，古特曼建议，可能起源于西部非洲制约着婚姻的习俗，尽管他们在一个部落和另一个部落之间不尽相同，这一切都涉及一些对于近亲结婚的反对。