2015考研英语阅读 推理判断题考点归纳
2015考研英语一阅读真题深度解析
2015考研英语一阅读真题深度解析2015考研英语已在今天下午落下帷幕，今年英语一考题的传统阅读部分在文章选取和选项设置方面均难于往年。
下面笔者就阅读第一篇进行深度解析。
第一篇阅读选自2014年6月4日the guardian发表的名为“Is the writing on the wall for all European royals?”的文章，就题材来说属于文教史哲类，主要内容是讨论当下欧洲君王制度所存在的问题。
文章后五道考题中三道细节题，一道推理题，一道主旨题。
其比例与往年第一篇相比，将猜词题的考查换成了主旨题，在难度上略有增加。
首先第21题是一道细节题，考查了考生对文章前两段中对于西班牙胡安·卡洛斯一世描述的细节把握，该题的解题关键在于读懂首段But之后句子的意思。
这也是我们在钻石卡vip课程中多次强调的转折处常设考题。
根据题干要求，定位到文章前两段。
而文章第一段的第二句话提到“But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.”（在最近的欧洲选举中，令人尴尬的丑闻和受欢迎的共和党，均迫使Carlos收回前言并退位）。
D选项中“stand down”是“end reign”的同义置换，且“embarrassment”与导致Carlos卸任的原因“embarrassing scandals”是相呼应的。
故D是正确答案。
A项“过去常常享有很高的公众支持”、B项“在欧洲皇室不受欢迎”、C项“缓和他与对手的关系”在原文中均未提及，属于无中生有。
第22题也是一道细节题，考查了考生对文章第三段最后一句话的理解。
这也是我们在暑期强化班课程中多次强调的因果处常设考点。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—历史学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—历史学Passage 12Imagine asking a presidential candidate to sit down for a sensitivity session on gay and lesbian issues. That's exactly what we did last week in Austin, Texas. George W. Bush invited us, a dozen gay Republicans, after he'd refused to meet with a gay Republican group that had criticized him. Our meeting set an important precedent: never again will a major-party candidate be able to run for president without addressing gay and lesbian issues.Bush didn't like everything we had to say. I was struck by his lack of familiarity with the issues, as well as by his desire to learn. I described how my partner, Rob Morris, and I have been in a 17-year relationship. We both come from healthy, strong, religious families. Rob grew up in a conservative Republican family in Georgia; I come from a longtime Republican family in Wisconsin. I'm now the vice president of my Lutheran church. I wanted Governor Bush to understand that long-term, loving relationships, stable families, strong faith-based traditions and Republican voting histories are all part of the gay and lesbian community.Our stories had an impact. Bush admitted that, growing up in Texas, he had not been as open to elements of America's diverse culture. He had a narrow set of friends and a firm set of traditions. But he was surprised and dismayed to hear that people saw him as intolerant. "What have I said that sent that signal?" he asked repeatedly. We confronted him about his reported statement that if you were openly gay or lesbian you would not be considered for a job in his administration. "I never said that," he insisted, assuring us he would hire gays and lesbians who both were qualified and shared his political views.Our perspective was clearly eye-opening to him. When one of us talked about his lesbian sister and her partner adopting children, the governor acknowledged his often-stated belief that gays should not adopt. "Now you're telling me of a very loving, caring relationship," he said. "I really appreciate hearing that." We stressed that a Bush administration could not roll back any of the progress made in recent years. We talked about AIDS funding and research. Though Bush was attentive--and does show a willingness to hear all sides--I don't think we changed his positions. He still opposes gay marriage and classifying crimes against gays as hate crimes. To be honest, Bush still has a long way to go. But I think he's a lot farther along today than he was last week.注(1)：本文选自Newsweek，04/24/2000, p43注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 41. What is implied in the first paragraph?[A]A gay Republican group criticized Bush for his political views.[B]It is impossible to invite a president for discussing the gay issues.[C]No president candidate can ignore gay and lesbian issues at the present time.[D]Gay and lesbian issues are hot issues for the president.2. The author uses himself as an example to show _________.[A]what it is like in the gay and lesbian community[B]what it is like to be a gay.[C]what kind of a family the gays come from.[D]what it is like to maintain a gay relationship3. The author’s attitude toward Bush’s performance at the meeting is _________.[A]scornful[B]satisfactory[C]supporting[D]objective4. In spite of his careful listening, Bush still opposes the following behaviors except _________.[A]adopting the child[B]getting married[C]redefining hate crimes[D]employing the gays and lesbians5. The text intends to express the idea that _________.[A]the gays and lesbians long for the normal life[B]Bush has partly changed his views about the gay issues[C]there is still a long way to go to deal with the gay issues properly[D]the gays has had a successful talk with Bush答案：CABDC篇章剖析本文可以说是一篇记叙文，作者以第一人称的身份讲述了十几个共和党人同总统候选人布什的会面，并就男女同性恋问题进行了探讨和交流。
考研阅读英语一2015
考研阅读英语一2015
在2015年的考研英语一考试中，阅读理解部分的难度适中，既考察了
考生的词汇量和语法知识，也测试了他们的逻辑推理和信息整合能力。
文章选材广泛，涵盖了社会、科技、文化等多个领域，使得考生需要
具备较为全面的背景知识。
文章的首段通常会提出一个中心论点或介绍一个现象，随后的段落则
围绕这个中心展开，通过举例、对比、因果等手法，逐步深入探讨。
考生在阅读时，需要快速抓住文章的主旨，并留意作者的观点和态度。
此外，文章中可能会出现一些生僻词汇或复杂句型，考生需要利用上
下文的线索来推测词义或理解句意。
在解答阅读理解题时，考生需要注意以下几点：首先，要仔细阅读问题，明确题目要求，避免答非所问；其次，要快速定位文章中的关键
信息，这通常涉及到人名、地名、数字等具体信息；再次，要理解文
章的深层含义，包括作者的隐含意义和文章的主旨大意；最后，要注
意时间管理，合理分配阅读和答题的时间。
在2015年的考试中，阅读理解部分的题型包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
细节理解题要求考生对文章中的具体
信息有准确的把握；推理判断题则需要考生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理；主旨大意题考察考生对文章整体内容的理解；词义猜测题则要求
考生根据上下文推测生词的含义。
总的来说，2015年考研英语一的阅读理解部分对考生的综合能力提出
了较高的要求。
考生在备考时，不仅要扩大词汇量、提高语法水平，
还要加强逻辑推理和信息整合的训练，以提高阅读理解的准确率和效
率。
通过系统的练习和不断的反思总结，考生可以逐步提高自己的阅读能力，为考研英语一的考试做好充分的准备。
2015年考研英语真题阅读理解Part A推断题解析
2015年考研英语真题阅读理解Part A推断题解析推理判断题一向都是考生认为难度最大的一类题型，但在历年考试中这也是出现频率非常高的一类题型，下面凯程考研的英语老师就带领大家一起解析一下这类题的命题形式和解题技巧。
(一)命题形式。
根据推理判断题的性质和出题范围，我们可以大致把这种题型分为三种类别：1.局部推理题，即考查对于文章细节内容的判断能力，如上文所说，其对应的内容可以是文章的一句话或几句话、抑或是一两个段落，是相对比较容易快速定位的推理题，题干中经常包含了以下一些词汇，如the author believes that, the author implies that, according to the author等。
例如：It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that__. (2007)The statement “it is all too monkey”(last line, paragraph 1) implies that__. (2005)2.全文推理题，这种题型一般不是考查对于全文中心思想的推理，同样也是考查对细节的推理，只不过是这些细节散布在文章的各个角落，需要考生进行全面的归纳。
例如：The text suggests that immigrants now in the US__. (2006)It can be inferred from the text that public services__. (2002)3.判断题，这种题型是细节题和推理题的综合，一般的问法为which of the following is true，或者Which of the following is not true等，即正向判断和反向判断两种方式，要求考生找到符合原文信息的选项，而且四个选项所涉及的内容可能分布在文章各个段落，需要考生迅速定位并进行推理判断。
2015年考研英语真题及解析
2015年考研英语一真题及解析Section IDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as ―related‖ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, ―Most people do not even _(7)_their fou rth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.‖The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_‖functional Kinship‖ of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The f indings do not simply explain people‘s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell答案：1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
2015年考研英语二真题详细解析
Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortisol，which is it at stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.段首句提出观点：人们在家中受到的压力比工作中更大（more stressed at home than at work），第二句通过具体的实验结果描述对首句进行道理论证（cortisol浓度在家中比在工作中更高）。
从考点设置来说，本段首句+第二句构成观点+例证的结构，可以对首句的观点进行正确选项的设置。
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, writes one of the researchers”. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for non-parents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.本段首句提出与传统观点相反的内容：女性在工作中经历的压力更小。
2015年考研英语真题及解析
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2014年7月15日International Business Times上一篇题为“DNA of Friendship: Study Finds We are Genetically Linked to Our Friends”（DNA友谊：研究发现我们在基因上和我们的朋友有着千丝万缕的联系）的文章。
首段通过一项研究结果引出朋友之间有一定的基因关联；第二段对研究的受试者进行说明；第三段中遗传学家认为朋友之间共享的1%的基因很重要；第四五段指出研究的两项发现；最后研究者发现相似基因发展更快，但人们喜欢与同族人交友还未能做出解释。
二、试题解析1.[A] when 何时[B] why 为什么[C] how 如何[D] what 什么【答案】D【考点】从句辨析【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导表语从句；再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容，不是指研究的时间（when），原因（why）和方式（how），表示具体内容的表语从句用what引导，因此，该题的答案为what。
2.[A] defended 保卫，防守[B] concluded 推断，下结论[C] withdrawn 撤退，收回[D] advised 建议，劝告【答案】B【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】从此题所在句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______ 中的that是指第一句话的内容（朋友与我们基因上的相关性），很显然是研究得出的结论。
因此，答案为concluded。
3.[A] for为了[B] with和[C] on在…之上，关于，对于[D] by方式【答案】C【考点】上下文语义衔接+介词辨析【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容（研究对1932位独特的受试者进行分析）判断出进行分析的对象是1932 unique subjects。
2015考研英语一阅读理解真题详解
2015考研英语一阅读理解真题详解随着考生们忐忑不安的心情，2015考研英语已在今天下午落下帷幕。
考生们应该是带着一种轻松的心情走出考场的。
因为今年英语一的传统阅读部分与往年相比，难度持平，没有明显的起伏。
下面笔者就阅读理解第四篇进行深度解析。
第四篇阅读理解选自2014年6月29日The Observer（《观察家》）发表的名为“As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life”的文章，属于社会生活类题材的文章。
作者通过对手机黑客案件的审理，分析了目前由此造成的道德丧失问题普遍存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中。
这篇文章五道考题难度相对较大，其中有三道推理题，一道细节题，还有一道观点例证题。
虽然题目的设置有所难度，但是解题方法却离不开海文老师一直提倡的宏观阅读法。
只要抓住了这篇文章的主线，以及作者的态度，那么这五道题也就不那么难了。
首先，第一段作者通过引用Elizabeth的话，指出目前存在的正值感丧失是让人很沮丧的。
接着从第二段开始，就过渡到了新闻业中。
很多记者涉及到非法的手机黑客案中；然后第三段和第四段明确指出，对于这种案件审理过程中的问题使得道德丧失依然存在。
最后第五段和第六段深化主题，表现出作者的态度，认为现在普遍存在的社会分类机制只看重利益，而忽略了公平正义，并再次通过记者的行为进行佐证。
36题是一个细节题。
可以直接定位到第一段第一句话，Elizabeth认为让人烦心的（unsettling）的是dearth of integrity（正值感的丧失）。
第二句话，进一步指出正值感的丧失（integrity had collapsed）是由于目前人们广泛认同的社会分类机制（sorting mechanism）。
结合这两句话，不难得出答案为A (the consequences of the current sorting mechanism)。
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2015考研英语阅读推理判断题考点归纳1、推理判断题的标志：infer，imply，suggest，All of the following/statements……NOT true/ correct/ mentioned EXCEPT2. 应该每个选项都返回原文，找出出处考生经常会在这种题型出错，其实主要就源于一个“懒”。
推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子，而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方，考生就没有耐性一一定位。
这是一种错误的方法，考生一定要每个选项都返回原文，找到相对应的考点。
笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。
A）正话反说：这是考研的一个难点，即作者实际表达的意思和你读到的字面意思是相反的。
很多考生没有真正理解文章意思，只停留在字面意思的理解，经常会选错答案。
而正话反说又可以分为以下几类：Should：应该怎样？也就意味着实际上并没有那么干，也就是作者想表达的意思和字面意思相反。
It looks/sounds like/as if：看/听上去好像，实际并不是。
如大纲样题（1997年真题第5篇）的首句“Much of the language used to describe monetary policy，such as ”steering the economy to a soft landing“ or ”a touch on the brakes“，makes it sound like a precise science.”下划线的字面意思直译“使之听上去好像一门精确的科学”，作者实际表达的意思货币政策并不是一门精确的科学。
虚拟语气：虚拟以所谓的反事实假设，即作者是既表达的意思和字面意思相反。
如1996年第五篇的末句“And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.”本句话字面意思直译是“如果理性成为创世论和进化论这场争议的惟一评判标准，那么一切都会变得好了”，作者实际表达的意思就是理性既不是惟一评判标准，而今天情况也并不好。
让步论述：让步论述就是先假设作者观点负面成立，从而引发出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结局，倒过来再次论证作者自身观点的正确性。
因为有假设能成立的过程，事实上并不能成立，因此字面意思和实际意思依然是相反的。
如大纲样题（1997年第5篇）首段“Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen，a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty stee ring wheel.”如果把货币政策比成开汽车的话（前文论证过货币政策不能比喻成开汽车，这里就是假设其观点的负面成立），那么你就是开着一辆前挡风玻璃是黑的，后视镜是碎的，方向盘是坏的车（荒谬的不合理的结局）。
倒过来论证货币政策不能比成开汽车。
引号：引号可以起一个反语的作用。
如1996年第5篇中“”Scientific“ creationism，which is being pushed by some for ”equal time“ in the classrooms whenever the s cientific accounts of evolution are given，is based on religion，not science.”引号表征是所谓的科学，作者表达的意思就是创世论并不科学。
反问句：反问也是一种正话反说。
如2005年第2篇首段“That the evidence was inconclusive，the science uncertain？”字面意思“证据不确定，那么科学也不确定了吗？”很明显作者表达的意思是科学是certain的，而不是字面的uncertain.文化背景：在某些特定的文化背景当中，作者实际表达意思和字面意思相反。
如2001年第5篇第一段“ A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although，in the manner of a disgraced government minister，I covered my exit by claiming ”I wanted to spend more time with my family“。
”作者在这里只是借自身来反讽某些政府部长，即作者并不是政府部长，也不是想和家人共度美好时光。
B）深层次的含义：不能仅停留在字面意思理C）文章段落主旨D）全文末句E）文中带有解释性、结论性的句子F）强对比结构G）分类列举结构3. 与原文意思最接近，推理步骤最少的那一个作为正确选项4. 傻子原则：不要利用自己任何背景知识来做推理题。
有背景知识只能帮助你读懂读文章，不会帮助你做对题目。
因为即使一个选项符合常识，它也可能是一个文中未提及的信息，是错误答案。
真题示例——2004年第二篇：Over the past century，all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive：alphabetism. This，for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage，refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively；and 26 of George Bush's predecessors （including his father）had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking，six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged （Berlusconi，Blair，Bush，Chirac，Chrétien and Koizumi）。
The world's three top central bankers （Greenspan，Duisenberg and Hayami）are all close to the top of the alphabet，even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men （Gates，Buffett，Allen，Ellison and Albrecht）。
Can this merely be coincidence？One theory，dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged，is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school，teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front，to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row，and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications，because they get less individual attention，as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies，the ABCs proudly get their awards first；by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews，election ballot papers，lists of conference speakers and attendees：all tend to be drawn up alphabetically，and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.47、What can we infer from the first three paragraphs？[A] In both East and West，names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize. （文章主题为正确答案）48、The 4th paragraph suggests that[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students. （should为正话反说，改选项实际表达的意义就是老师没有关注所有的孩子）[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight.50、Which of the following is true according to the text？[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. （文章主题为正确答案）。