Assignment(旅游文本的翻译)
目的论指导下的旅游文本翻译
目的论指导下的旅游文本翻译一、引言在经济全球化的发展态势下，国际间交流日益频繁。
科技交流促进各国经济发展突飞猛进，旅游业也迈进全球化时代。
很多外国游客渴望通过旅游了解中国传统文化、民俗风情和经济发展的情况，因而汉语旅游文献的翻译已成为我国对外宣传、吸引国外游客的重要途径。
根据Reiss的文本类型理论和Vermeer的目的论，原文本的类型不同，其翻译目的也会有所不同，翻译不同类型的文本所采用的策略和方法也会有所差异。
因此，从文本的角度探讨旅游资料的翻译具有极其重要的研究意义和价值。
二、目的论功能翻译理论家凯瑟琳娜·赖斯在1971 年出版的《翻译批评的可能性与限制》中提出了功能翻译理论思想的雏形。
而后，汉斯·威密尔在与赖斯合著的《翻译理论基础概述》一书中正式提出了“功能目的论”这一概念，认为翻译是一种有目的的人类活动，并强调翻译并非简单的由一种语言向另一种语言转换的活动。
之后，克里斯汀娜·诺德对功能派理论进行全面总结，使其更加系统、完善。
目的论认为翻译过程的最主要因素是整体翻行为的目的，强调译文应该在分析原文的基础上，以译文的预期功能为目的，使译者拥有更大的自由。
目的论指出，所有翻译活动遵循的首要原则是“目的原则”，译文读者是决定翻译目的的最重要因素之一，而译文读者有着不同的文化背景和阅历，每一种类型的翻译都有特定的受众，因此翻译是在“目的语情景中为某种目的及目的受众而生产的语篇”。
所以，在目的论下进行旅游文本翻译，需要充分考虑旅游文本和景点的特点的同时，并高度重视译文的交际功能和社会功能，以提高译文信息的完整性、准确性和可接受性。
三、旅游文本的特点和翻译目的旅游文本包括经典介绍、广告标语、告示标牌、民俗风情画册、古迹楹联解说等内容，是一种对外宣传资料（方梦之，毛忠明；2005）。
旅游文本是一种大众化的通俗读物，其目的是帮助游客了解相关的自然、地理、文化方面的知识。
就其问题功能而言，传递信息和诱导行动是旅游资料的两个主要功能，因而其语言表达必须准确、通俗、简洁，能雅俗共赏，利于不同层面读者理解和接受（贾文波，2004）。
英文合同中常见的易混淆的用语表达(下)
乙方同意在许可证到期时并不免除乙方应尽的义务。
（3） Routine duties of the Joint Venture Company are lo be discharged by the general manager appointed by the Board of Directors.
「例」 （1）The invoice shall be subject to the usual trade discounts allowed by the Consignor.
发票须按照发货人所给予的通常批发折扣开立。句中的discount意思为“折扣”（amount of money taken off the cost of sth），是商业贸易中常用的词汇。对某一价格打折扣，可接用of或on.例如：We are prepared to grant you a discount of 5％on the price（我方准备给予你方5％的价格折扣）。
16、关于“discharge”的用法
「例」 （1） The time limit for inspection and claim is 60 days after discharge Of the cargo at the port Of destination.
检验与索赔的期限为货物卸至目的港后60天。
董事会任命的总经理，负责履行合营公司的日常职权。
以上三句中都含有discharge，在不同的合同条款中，其词义也有很大不同。第一句中的discharge是名词（也可作动词）。词义为：“卸货”（unloading cargo from a ship），经常出现在国际货物买卖合同中；第二句中的discharge是动词，意思为“免除”（releasing one party from the terms of a contract）；第三句中的discharge也是动词，意思为“履行”（carrying out one's duty）。 discharge在用作名词时，还可以表示“一批发运的货物”，如：Party B shall check the quality of each dispatch in accordance with the Contract（乙方应按合同规定检查每批发出的货物的质量）。
旅游翻译
2.直译加解释（注释）
直译加注释就是在括号内对某些译文加一些
简单的注释内容，尤其是当原文中涉及到一 些音译的专有名词如人名，地名或文化背景 等知识进行意思上的解释说明。 主要是由于英汉文化存在许多差异，某些文 化词语在两种文化中就没有对等词语，行程 文化上的缺省。加注释的翻译方法可以弥补 空缺，补充诸如背景材料、词语起源等相关 信息。从而使另外一个文化中的读者更好地 了解这些文化知识，开拓读者的眼界。
Ladies and Gentlemen, on your right you will see the spot where William the Conqueror first set foot in Britain. The swaying palm trees, the golden beaches, the crystal white crests of the gently lapping waves—our island paradise can be yours. The Forbidden City is divided into two sections. The front part has three large halls, where the emperor dealt with the state affairs and conducted important ceremonies. All buildings in the Forbidden City have roofs of yellow tiles, for yellow was the color for the emperor.
旅游翻译的功能
旅游文本往往凝练这自然景观和人文景观
英文Assignment和Dissertation的写作细节(珍藏版)
英文Assignment和Dissertation的写作细节（珍藏版）Dissertation一、Dissertation大体结构1.首先是Cover Page，即封面，包括论文的题目，作者姓名，所在学院，学校和上交时间等信息。
2.Declaration，也就是声明，“我声明，所有成果除了我已经注释的，其他均为我自己的研究成果，没有剽窃他人的”，之后是上交时间，指导导师，签名，学院等。
3.Acknowledgment，写要感谢的人，导师是必须要感谢的，当然还可以感谢其他人，这个随意。
4.Content，目录，这个要两端对其，整体格式一致，用Word中的目录索引功能自动生成。
一般三级目录就可以了。
比如3，3.1，3.1.2。
5.List of Figures，也就是所有图片的一个目录，包括所有在论文中出现的图片标题，不要把图片也贴上，只要标题。
比如：1.1 XXXX标题名称2.1 XXXX标题名称6.List of T ables，和上面类似，就是表格的目录。
(注：以上内容的页码为罗马数字，从下面的Abstract开始，为阿拉伯数字并从1重新开始，这个在word中可以设置。
目录第一条从Introduction开始，而不是Abstract，切记。
）7.Abstract，也就是摘要。
一般50-60页的论文摘要1页以内即可，最好控制在半页到3/4页，不要多。
8.Introduction，介绍部分。
9.Background 或者Literature Review，题目只要涉及这些方面即可，一般是这两个。
内容也是。
(具体写作我后面会具体说)。
10.Proposed Method也就是主体部分，题目自定或者问问导师，但是内容是你的研究成果的描述。
11.Analytical and T est Results，分析和测试结果，题目自定，内容主要就是测试结果。
12.Discussion,对结果产生的分析和解释，也有并入上面的一说。
1.DefinitionofTranslation翻译的定义
1. Definition of Translation 翻译的定义Down through the ages, people’s definitions of translation are diversified. It differs from person to person, it evolves with time. Changes of the world also helped to shape the connotation of translation. From the following definitions, you may have a glimpse of what translation is.﹒Translating is both a craft and an art, that is to say, it involves an accurate andcontrolled manipulation of language, tempered by a degree of freedom,imagination and creativeness.﹒Transferring the meaning of a stretch or unit of language, the whole part of astretch or unit of language, the whole part of a text, from one language toanother.﹒Translation is like busy matchmakers: they sing the praises of some half-veiled beauty and extol her charms, and arouse an irresistible longing for the original.（歌德）﹒The replacement of textual material in one language (ST) by equivalent textual material in another (TL) (Catford, 1965:20)﹒Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closestequivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style (Nida&Taber1969)Assignment 1What is your idea of “meaning” and “style” of Nida’s work? What is the connotation of style ? Exercise:If you were given two poems, one is by Li Bai (李白) , the other is by Dufu (杜甫) can you differentiate them, what is the author’s habitual use of the language? Similarly, if you were offered two pomes, one by Li Qingzhao (李清照)，the other by Xin Qiji(辛弃疾)，could you differentiate them?2. Principles and Criteria of Translation翻译的原则和标准The so-called principles and criteria of translation are actually the two aspects of the same thing. The former lays emphasis on the translator, who should follow these principles while translating; while the latter on the reader or critic, who may use the criteria to evaluate translation. Whenever principles or criteria of translation are under discussion in China, Y an Fu’s “three-character guide”, which was first proposed in 1898, would be mentioned, namely the principle of “信、达、雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance).In the past decades, Mr. Y an’s principle of translation has been generally regarded as a plumb-line for measuring the professional level of translation and a goal fortranslators to strive after. However, in the application of this principle, people have come to find some limitations to the three characters and put forward a variety of new standards instead.Three kinds of opinions are expressed on the principle of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. The first group maintains the original three characters, and in the meantime, adds some new concepts to the character “雅”. According to them, “雅”means far more than the English word “elegance”. Apart from the traditional interpretation, it also means classicism, and the adherence to the original style and flavor. The second group, however, argues that the word “雅” is out of place in tradition. While adopting the first two characters of Mr. Y an Fu’s principle, they discard the character “雅” and try to find some other new criteria instead. Noticeably, there are revisions such as “信、达、切” (faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness), “信、达、贴” (faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness), and so on. The third group of people, by casting away the three-word guide, proposes some new principles or criteria of translation of their own. Of the various popular theories, two of them are the most influential: spiritual conformity (神似) and sublimed adaptation (化境), the former, proposed by Fu Lei (傅雷) , emphasizes the reproduction of the spirit or the flavor of the original, while the latter, advocate by Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书), focuses on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.Despite the variety of opinions, two criteria are almost unanimously accepted, namely the criteria of faithfulness and accuracy (忠实准确) and that of smoothness (流畅). We may also take these tow criteria as the principles of translation in general. By faithfulness and accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style. By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expressions in the target language, free from stiff formula and mechanically copying from dictionaries.Assignment 2Exercise: 对比原文与译文，探讨忠实与通顺的关系1) All your moods are created by your thoughts o r “cognitions. “Y ou feel the way you do right now because of the thoughts you have at this moment. ”所有的情绪都是由思维产生的，或者说来源于“认识”，“你之所以感到这么做是对的，那是因为你的大脑就是这么想的。
旅行英语 Traval English
旅行英语Chapter 1: On Board1.Hello, which way should I go?aisle seat (靠走道的座位) window seat (靠窗的座位)2. excuse me, but I think you’re sitting in my seat.My boarding pass says 12A. What’s your seat number?3. would you put this in the overhead bin for me?Could you help me get my bag down?4.this seat is non-smoking, isn’t it?Please don’t smoke here.5.Do you have any Chinese papers?May I have Time?6.What kind of soft drinks do you have?7.Is it free? (or Is there a charge?)How much is a Scotch? I don’t need it .(or I’ll pass.)8.Can I use RMB yuan?Can I have my change in U.K pounds?Can you include some small change?9.Chicken, please.Do you still have beef?I’ll have fish.10.Could I have it later?I have no appetite. I am very sleepy.Could I have my l unch now? I didn’t take it before.11.Is this a vegetarian meal? (素食)Could I reserve a salt-free meal? (无盐餐)12.Excuse me, I asked for beef.I don’t have salt and pepper.13.Can I have another white wine?Can I have more coffee?Can I have Bourbon this time?14.I’ve had enough, Thank you.Would you like more coffee?No, thank you. (or Yes, please.)15.Can you please take this away?But can I keep this ?16.What’s the movie today?In-flight magazine, in-flight movieCould I have a pair for earphones?17.Can I still buy duty-free(tax-free) items?18.Can I change seats for a while? ( Is it OK to change seats?)I want to sit with my friend.19.Excuse me, but I feel sick.Do you have any pills for airsickness?Airsickness bag20.Can you tell me how to turn on the reading light?How do I recline(安置) the seat?How can I make a call on this telephone?21.What did she say in the announcement?We are now landing at the ……The weather in Chicago is ……22.Are we arriving on schedule?How many hours are we behind(ahead of ) schedule?23.What’s the best wa y to get downtown from the airport?Where do I change flights?24.How do I fill out this form?What does this mean?Immigration form(入境申报单) customs declaration form(海关申报单)25.Thank you . I enjoyed the flight.I had a pleasant flight.Thank you very much for your service.常用词汇：airsickness bag (清洁袋) aisle seat(通道座位) business class = executiveclass (商务舱) boarding pass(登机证) cabin(客舱) captain(机长)cockpit(驾驶舱) delay(延误) crew(机组人员) economy class(经济舱) emergency exit (紧急出口) fasten seat belt (系好安全带) first class(头等舱)flight attendant(空中乘务员) in-flight magazine(机上杂志) in-flight service(机上服务) lavatory (洗手间) life vest(救生衣) local time(当地时间)meal service(餐饮服务) non-smoking section(禁烟区) occupied(使用中) overhead bin(座位上方的行李柜) oxygen mask(氧气面罩) reading light(阅读灯) reclining seat(活动躺椅)seat belt(安全带) special meal(特别餐) take off(起飞) transit pass(过境证) tray(盘子) ventilation(通风) window seat(靠窗座位) wing(机翼)Chapter 2 :Airport1.Is this the line for non-residents(aliens 外国人)?2.I’m here for sightseeing.What’s the purpose of your visit?I’m here on vacation (on business/ to attend a conference/ to see my friend/ to study)3.I’ll be here for two weeks.Where are you going to stay?At the Royal Hotel.4.Is this the baggage claim area from British Airways 123?Excuse me, can I get in here? I saw my bag.Where can I get a cart(推车)?5.I have nothing to declare.I just have clothes and personal belongings(items).I have five bottles of whiskey.6.I have a connecting flight on Northwest 234 .Where do I check in my baggage?Where is the American Airlines check-in counter?7.Yes, thank you. This is going to the American Air check-in counter.Shall I take your luggage?To the taxi stop.No, thank you. I can manage it myself.8.Where is the information counter?Bus deport(公共汽车乘车站)，foreign exchange(外币兑换处)，ticket office(售票处)，pay phone(公用电话)，rent-a-car office (租车服务处)，restroom(厕所)9.Do you have maps of the downtown area?Can you show me where the Park Hotel is on this map?10.Can you change this into dollars, please?What’s the exchange rate today?11.Where can I have someone paged?Could you page my friend for me?12.I’ve just arrived at the airport. I’ll be there by six o’clock.Can you come and pick me up? I’ll be waiting at the No.3 bus stop.13.Can you tell me how to make a local call?A long distance call (长途电话) a collect call (对方付费电话)How much is it for a local call?14.How do I get to the Hotel Ritz?About how much does it cost to get to ABC Hotel by taxi?How long does it take to get there by taxi?15.Does this bus stop at the Marriott?常用词汇：air fare(机票价) airline counter(航空公司柜台) airport bus(机场巴士)airport tax(机场服务税) arrival time(到达时间) baggage = luggage(行李) baggage claim area(行李领取处) baggage claim tag(行李存条)boarding gate(登机门) boarding pass(登机证) boarding time(登机时间) cancel(取消) check in (报到手续) check-in counter(检票台)confirm (确认) cancellation charge<penalty>(取消手续费) carry-on baggage(随身行李) connecting flight(转接班次) contactaddress(联络地址) customs (海关) customs declaration form(海关申报单)departure time(起飞时间) direct = non-stop(直飞) discount ticket(优惠票)domestic flights(国内线) duty-free shop(免税店) expiration date(有效期间)E/D card = Embarkation/Disembarkation card(出入登机证)excess baggage(超重行李) exchange rate(兑换汇率) flight(班次) fightschedule(飞行预定表) hotel bus(饭店班车) nationality(国籍)I-94 form(美国出入境卡) identification(ID 身份证) immigration(入境审查)Information(询问处) international flights(国际线) limousine(小型公共汽车)Lost and found(失物招领) non-resident(非居留者) on schedule (准时)Open ticket(不指定班机机票) overbooked(超额预约) passport(护照)Personal belongings(私人用品) public telephone(公共电话) quarantine(检疫)Purpose of travel(旅行的目的) registered domicile(本籍) sightseeing(观光)Seat assignment(指定座位) security check(安全检查) stand-by(候补)shuttle(区间来回行驶) Sky cap(搬运工) stop over(中途停留)timetable(时间表) Temporary address(临时地址) ticketing counter(售票柜台) transfer(转车转机)Transit(过境) unchecked baggage(随身行李) unaccompanied baggage(后送行李) Visa (签证) wing(侧翼)Chapter 3: Hotel1.Do you have a room available for tomorrow night?I want to make a reservation for a single room.I’d like to stay just one night.2.I’d like a room with an ocean view.Do you have a quiet room with a bath?3.What is the price of the room?How much is the room…?I’m looking for a room for about US$100.Do you have anything less expensive?4.What time can I check in?When is the check-in time?5.My name is David. I’d like to cancel my reservation for Friday.Can I change my reservation from August 11th to the 12th?Could I reserve two single rooms instead of a twin room?6.My name is Lee. I have a reservation. I called you from the airport two hours ago.I made a reservation through CAAC in China two weeks ago.7.I’m sure I have a reservation. Could you check in again?Can you call a hotel near here and find a room for me?8.Do you have any vacancies(空的) tonight?9.Could I see the room at first?I’ll take it.Do you have any larger room?10.Is it too early to check in?Could you keep my luggage until I check in?11.Can I pay with traveler’s checks?Do you accept VISA?12.Does the price include breakfast?When and where can I have breakfast?13.When is the check-out time?Will you make up my bill tonight?14.I want to open a safety deposit box.15.Would you carry my suitcase to my room, please?Put the bag over here, and the suitcase in the closet, please.I’ll carry them myself, thank you.16.Where is the switch for this lamp?How do I turn on the TV<shower>?How do I control <adjust>the volume <temperature>?17.Thanks a lot.18.This is Room 409. The air conditioner doesn’t work.The toilet won’t flush.19.The people next door are very noisy.I can’t sleep. Could you please ask them to be quiet?20.Could I move to a different room?Would it be possible to move to another room?21.Who is it ? (哪一位？)It is room service.You must have the wrong room.22.Are there any messages for me?My message light is on.23.I’m very sick. Can you call a doctor?24.I’ve locked myself out.(我被反锁在门外了)I left my key in the room.Can you open the door for me?25.I’d like to stay two more nights.Can I extend my stay till Monday night?I’m sorry, but the hotel is all booked up.I’m going to leave one day earlier.26.This is Room 236. I’d like to order room service.Would you send up two continental breakfast at seven tomorrow morning?27.Will you give me a wake-up call at seven o’clock tomorrow morning?28.I’d like to make an overseas(国际) call to Japan, please.Can I call direct from my room?29.Can I have this cleaned by tomorrow morning?Do you have a valet service in this hotel?If I send some laundry out now, when will I get it back?30.Could you fax this to Tokyo?Would I have this typed up by noon?31.May I use the room until three o’clock?How much will it be if I stay two more hours?Is there a grace(优待) period after check-out time?32.I’m checking out. Can you send a bell-boy(服务生) up?Could you help me with my suitcase?33.I’d like to pay i n cash.How would you like to pay?I’d like a receipt , please.34.What is this amount for?Can you give me an itemized bill(明细表)?35.Could you keep my suitcase here until four o’clock?Can you call me a taxi? I want to go to the airport.常用词汇：air conditioner(冷暖空调机) area code(区域号码) banquet room(宴会场)bellboy(男服务生) B&B(bed &breakfast 附早餐的家庭旅社) beverage(饮料)cashier(会计) check in(登记) check out(退房) cloakroom(衣帽间)complimentary(优待的) concierge(守卫) confirmation slip(确认证)cot(折叠式帆布床) deposit(保证金) dining room(餐厅) doorman(门房)double room(双人房) drinking water(饮用水) emergency exit(太平门)extension <number>(内线) extra bed(另加卧床) fire exit(太平门) front desk (柜台) hot water(热水) house phone(饭店内线电话) inn(小旅馆)linen(床单) lift(电梯) lobby(大厅) lounge(会客厅) maid(女清洁员) manager(经理) motel(汽车旅馆) operator(接线生) out of order(故障) overseas call(国际电话) pension(家庭旅社) reception(接待)suite(套房) registration form(住宿登记单) reservation(预约) roomservice(客房服务) safe deposit box(贵重品寄存箱) service charge(服务费)signature(签名) stairs(楼梯) twin room =double room(双人房) voucher(收条) valet service(洗衣服务) valuable(贵重品)vacancy/no vacancy(有空房/无空房)wake-up call(叫醒电话) youth hostel(青年招待所)Chapter 4: Transportation1.Where’s the bus stop for Chinatown?Is this the right bus stop to go to Bei Hai Park?2.How often does this bus run?It runs every fifteen minutes.When will the next bus come?3.How much is the fare?Can I use a bill(纸币)?4.Which bus do I take to go to the National Museum?Is this the right bus to go to Tian An Men Square?Does this bus stop at ……?5.Where do I get off to go to World Park?What stop is the closet to Albert Hall?6.Can I get transfer ticket for South Ferry?Where do I change buses to get to the aquarium(水族馆)?7.Would you like to sit down?Please have a seat.(让坐)Are you all right? (道歉)8.How can I let hi m know when I’m getting off?Let me off at next.9.Have we passed 34th Street yet?Where are we now?What’s the next stop?10.Excuse me. I’m getting off here(next).11.Can I get a subway map(timetable)?12.How much is it to Bayswater?Do you have a one-day pass or something like that?13.Can I have two packs of tokens(代币)?14.Is there a change machine(兑换机) around here?Could you give me two dollars’ worth of quarters?15.One for Oxford Circus(牛津广场), please.美、加：one-way ticket/ round-trip ticket ; 英：single ticket/ return ticket;澳：one-way ticket/ return ticket16.What platform does the train for Manhattan leave from?Which platform should I go to take the A train?17.Does this train go to Long Island?18.What stop is this?Can you tell me where to change trains to get to Times Square?19.Did you hear what he said?What did he say just now?Did he say the next stop is 23rd Street?20.How much more is it?Which exit is for Victoria Park?21.What’s the sleeper(卧铺) fare?How much is the fare for children?22.How much time would I save if I took the express train?How long does it take for the local(普通) train to get to Boston?23.Two second-class tickets to Paris, please.How much more expensive is a first-class ticket than a second-class ticket?24.Is there a dining car on the train?When are they open?Do you mind if I sit here? No, I don’t.25.How many more stops are there before Birmingham?What time do we get to Milan?Are we arriving in Rome on time(schedule)?26.Would you call a taxi for me?Can you send a taxi to Fillmore Hospital? I’ll be waiting at the main entrance.Taxi! Hey, taxi!27.The City Museum, please.Can you take the Brooklyn Bridge?28.About how much is it to go to Lancaster?How many minutes does it take to get to Ocean Park?29.Can you please put this suitcase in the trunk?Could you open the trunk? I want to get my bags out of it.30.Would you hurry, please? I have to catch an eight o’clock train.Can you make it in fifteen minutes?31.Can you make a stop in front of Liberty?Can you make two stops: one at Marble Arch and another at Harrods?32.Can you make a right at the next corner?Just go straight and make a left at Broadway.33.All right. You can stop here.I think it’s around here. Can you slow down?34.We missed it. Would you mind turning around?Can you go back two blocks?Are you sure we’re going in the right direction?35.Give me three back.(给我三块钱，其余的为小费)Keep the change.May I have a receipt?36.I’d like a round-trip from Chicago to Boston on the 13th.We have flights available leaving Chicago at 9:15 flight.I’d like to the 9:15 flight.37.Do you have any cheaper tickets?Do you have a weekend discount?38.Would you repeat it for me?What time did you say it arrives in Boston?39.I’d like to confirm my reservation.I’d like to confirm my booking on the 6:00 p.m. flight for London.40.Can I change it to an earlier flight?I’d like to change it to the same flight, but on March 4th.I’d like to cancel my May 5th reservation on Fight 101.41.I’d like to know if Flight 203 will be leaving on time today.It will be delayed one hour.What time should I be at the terminal for the flight?42.Where is the Canadian Airline check-in counter?Is this the check-in counter for economy class?43.I’d like to check in these two suitcases.How much do you charge for excess weight?I have no baggage to check in.44.Can I have a window seat?I’d like a seat at the back of the cabin.45.Where is Gate 15?Which gate does US Air Flight 203 depart from?46.Can I rent a car for just one day?I reserved a compact car for three days.47.I’d like a compact car that gets good mileage(省油).What kind of car would you like?mid-size 中型full-size 大型luxury 高级compact 小型48.How much do you charge for that car?49.I’d like to have full insurance.What’s covered?(what does it include?)How much is it per day?50.How much will that be if I drop it off(还掉) in Lancaster?No drop-off charges with in the city.Can we drop the car off at any of your offices?Return 开回原处drop off 在他处还车51.Excuse me. Is there a gas station near here?52.Fill it up with unleaded, please.Can I have ten dollars’ worth of “Premium”?53.Where can I pay for the gas?54.What’s the parking fee?55.Can you send a tow truck(拖车) to 222 Elm Street?常用词汇：booking(预约) b us depot(长途公共汽车站) bus tour(公共汽车旅游) charge(车费) coach(长途公共汽车)change trains(转车) car park(停车场) conductor=guard(列车员) dining car(餐车) direct = non-stop(直达)double-decker(双层公共汽车) driver’s license = driving license(驾驶执照)first-class(头等的) first train(第一班车) flat(爆胎) full coverage(全保险)full service(有人加油服务) international driving license(国际驾照) itinerary(旅程) intersection(交叉口) last train(末班车) metro(地铁)limited express(特快车) mileage(里程费) night train(夜车)one-day pass (当天有效票) one-way ticket(单程票) out of gas(汽油用完)out of order(故障) parking fee(停车费) parking lot(停车场) platform(月台)petrol(filling) station(加油站) public transportation(公共交通) refund(退款) regular train(普通列车) rent-a-car office = car rental agency(汽车出租公司)road map(道路地图) self-service(自助的) shuttle bus(区间车) sports car(跑车)sightseeing bus(观光车) street map(市区地图) subway map(地铁线路图)super express(超特快车) terminal(终点站) token booth (代币出售亭)toll(通行费) traffic light(交通信号灯) train map(电车/列车路线图)underground / tube(地铁)(英)Chapter 5: Dining1.Do you know any restaurants around here?Can you recommend a good China restaurant?2.I’d like to make a reservation for two at seven tonight.3.My name is Chen. I have reservation.4.How long a wait do you think there’ll be?How long will we have to wait?5.We’d like a table near the window, please.Would you like a table in the smoking or non-smoking section?In the non-smoking section, please.6.Excuse me. Could I have a menu, please?I’d like to see a wine list.7.We haven’t decided yet. Could you give us a little longer?May I take your order?What do you recommend?8.What kind of wine do you have?What’s this beer like?9.I’ll have a glass of white wine-Chardonnay, please.A carafe of house wine 自酿酒 a pitcher(mug) of draft beer一壶(杯)生啤酒10.Is this dish very spicy(辣)?What’s the difference between these two dishes?11.I’ll have the same.That looks delicious. What is it?12.I’ll take this “Steak Dinner”(牛排餐).We’re going to share a Seafood Combination and a Caesar Salad.13.I’d like it medium-rare(五分熟).How would you like your steak?Well-done, please.14.Can I have mashed potatoes without gravy?15.I ordered a beer ten minutes ago.Excuse me, my order hasn’t co me yet.16.This chicken is a bit undercooked(半生不熟).This is not what I ordered.17.Excuse me, but could you bring me another fork, please?My fork fell on the floor, May I have another one?18.Could you bring me another beer?19.Could I have a glass of water?We’d lik e some water, please.20.Where is the restroom(洗手间)?21.Yes, it was very good. Thank you.Did you enjoy your dinner?(菜合不合口味)It’s delicious. Thank you.22.Could I have a scoop of wanilla ice cream(香草冰淇淋) on my pie?Would you like some dessert?23.Can I have a food bag(打包袋)?24.Could I pay by credit card?常用词汇：appetizer =starter (开胃小菜) assorted(什锦菜) check =bill(帐单)bitter(苦味) B.Y.O. =bring your own(自带酒) chef’s suggestion(厨师推荐快餐) cafeteria(自助餐) chopsticks(筷子) cocktail(鸡尾酒)dessert(甜点) combination =combo(小型爵士乐队)decaffeinated(不含咖啡因的(咖啡))entrée(主菜) fast food restaurant(快餐厅) go Dutch(分开付帐) gravy(肉汁) gourmet(美食家) happy hour(餐厅下午开发时间)house wine(自酿酒) ladies room(女用洗手间) local speciality (地方菜)low calorie(低热量的) low fat(低脂肪的) oil and vinegar(沙拉油加醋的调味汁) main dish(主菜) men’s room(男用洗手间) napkin(餐巾)noodles(面条) overcooked(过熟的) oyster bar(牡蛎吧台) receipt(收据)restroom(洗手间) reserve a table =make a reservation(预约座位) salad(沙拉) seafood(海鲜) salt and pepper(椒盐) salty(咸一点)seasoned(调味的) served with(附加…的) snack(小吃) sour(酸的) soy sauce(酱油) spicy(辣的) toothpick(牙签)take away = take out(外带) tip(小费) to go or to stay(带走或在店里吃)today’s special(今日特餐) waiter /waitress(服务生) wine list(酒单)Chapter 6: shopping1.Is there a department store near here?Do you know any store that’s open today?2.Where ar e the women’s shoes?Which floor are the ties on?On the fourth floor.3.I’m just looking. Thank you.4.How much is this, including tax?What’s the sales tax rate?5.Do you have any bags for around a hundred dollars?I want to stay under $100.My budget limit is $100.6.Can you give me a discount?How much can you take off?(便宜一点如何)How about $100 even?(100元整如何)I’ll take it if you give me a 10% discount.7.I’ll take this one.I’ll take two of these.8.I’m looking for something a little different.I’ll pass this time. Thanks, anyway.9.Can I pay with a traveler’s check?Do you accept VISA?10.I’m paying in cash.I’d like to pay with a VISA card.11.Would you give me a shopping bag?Would you put them in separate bags?12.Can I have it shipped to Beijing?How much do you charge for delivery?13.I’d like to return this.It has a stain on the back.14.I’d like to exchange this for a larger size.This radio is defective(broken). Can I get a refund(退款) for this?15.I bought it three days ago. This is the receipt.Do you have the receipt?16.I’m lo oking for a skit to go with this sweater.I’m looking for a gift for my boss.17.Do you have this in my size?Do you have this in blue?18.Can I try this on?Where’s the dressing(fitting) room?19.It’s a bit too large. Do you have anything smaller?The waist is a little small for me. Can I try this in a larger size?\20.Can you take the hem(底摆) up two inches?Do you do alternation? how much do you charge?Shorten the sleeves take in the waist(腰身改小)21.Can you show me how to use this?How does it work?22.How is this one different from that one?Does this one have more features?Which of these is more powerful?常用词汇：antique(古董) appraisal(鉴定书) artificial(人造的) baby wears(婴儿衣服)bargain(廉价出售) bookstore(书店) budget(预算) business hour(营业时间) cashier(出纳员) change(找钱) chemist(药房) chi ldren’s clothes(小孩衣服)cosmetics(化妆品) cotton(棉的) dark color(深色) defective =broken(坏的) deliver(送达) deliver charge(配送费) department(销售部门) discount(折扣) department store(百货公司) dress shirt(衬衫) dressing(fitting)room(试衣室)drugstore(药房) duty-free(免税) exchange(交换) extra large(特大号) fabric(纤维的)fake(假的) flashy(浮华的) flea market(跳蚤市场) hem(折边) genuine(纯真的) gift-wrap(礼物包装) imitation(仿造的) light color(浅色)long-sleeved(长袖的) loose(宽松的) shopping center(购物中心) medium(中号的) men’s clothing(男士服装) narrow(窄的) nylon(尼龙) pantyhose(裤袜)going out of business sale(关门大拍卖) overseas warranty(海外保证书)pants(长裤) petite(特小号的) pharmacy(药局) polka-dot(圆点花样)polyester(聚酯) price tag(价格标签) rayon(人造丝) s ales tax(营业税)salesperson(营业员) sanitary napkins(卫生餐巾) sheepskin(羊皮)shipping(出货) shopping bag(购物袋) short-sleeved(短袖的)silk(丝的) sold out(售完) souvenir(纪念品) sport shirt(运动衫) sportswear(运动衣)stationery(文具) stock(库存) store clerk(店员) store manager(商店经理) stripe(斑纹) sweater(毛衣) tax-free(免税) tight(紧的) toiletries(化妆品)try…on(试穿) underwear(内衣) waist(腰) women’s clothing(女士服装)wool(毛料) wrap(包裹)Chapter 7: Entertainment1.What’s playing now?Who stars in it?2.When is the next showing?Can you give me the show times for “Gone with the Wind”?3.Two tickets for English Patient.Do you have a student discount?4.I’d like a large popcorn(苞米花) with butter and medium cola, please.You can’t bring in any food or drinks.5.Excuse me. Is this seat taken?6.Which shows are popular right now?What’s hot right now?Who’s performing on Tuesday night?7.Can I have the two best seats available for Cats?What seats do you have?Three seats together here, please.8.Do you have any ticket left for today’s matinee(日场)?Can I have a balcony seat(包厢)?9.Please charge it to my VISA.(请记在我的VISA卡帐上)How would you like to pay for these tickets?10.Can you show me where my seat is?Is there an intermission?(有无中场休息)11.Can you tell me how I can get tickets for a baseball game?12.Who are the Mets playing tonight?13.Can I have two seats in the upper deck?14.WE WANNA HIT! WE WANNA HIT!COME ON, STRIKE’EM OUT!DE-FENCE!LET’S GO, METS! LET’S GO, METS!15.Can you page my friend ? I lost him in the crowd.Where can I have someone paged?16.Can I rent a jacket and a tie?17.Can I have two hundred dollar’s worth of chips(筹码)?18.What’s the minimum bet?I’d like to bet a hundred dollars.19.Can I get in?20.I’m busted(破产). Let me out.That’s great! I won a fortune!常用词汇：admission (fee)(入场券) advance ticket(预售票) amusement park(游乐园) annual event(年度活动) aquarium(水族馆) art gallery(美术馆) discobinoculars(望远镜) botanical garden(植物园) box office(售票处) dramacasino(娱乐场) cover charge(最低消费额) curtain time(开幕时间)dinner show(晚餐时间表演) exhibition(展览会) exposition(博览会) loge(包厢) festival(节庆) intermission(中场休息) live performance(现场表演) opera(歌剧) mezzanine seat(二楼正面包厢席) movie =film(电影) movie theater(电影院)museum(博物馆) musical(歌舞剧) night club(夜总会) opening(首演)opera glasses(小型望远镜) orchestra seat(头等席) parade(游行) play(演戏) pub(小酒吧) seating chart(座位图) show time(上映时间) special event(特别节目)stadium(体育场) ticket agency(代售处) tourist information(观光询问处) usher(招待员)Chapter 8: Adventures in Daily Life1.Can I have a 24-exposure(张) roll of Kodak?2.Do you have batteries like this?Can I have two package of AA batteries?3.I’d like to have this film developed(冲洗), please.4.When will it be ready?When can I pick it up? Can you do it by three o’clock?5.I’ve come to pick up my prints. Are they ready?These aren’t my photos.6.How much is it to send a post card(明信片) to Beijing?I’d like to send this letter by air to Beijing. How much will it be?7.I’d like stamps for ten post cards to Beijing, please.Ten forty-cent stamps, please.8.I’d like to send this as printed matter.9.Can I send this as a small package?Can I have two mailing boxes?10.I’d like to insure this parcel for three hundred dollars.How much would it cost to insure it for three hundred dollars?What is the maximum coverage(赔偿额)?11.Could I make an appointment for a haircut?When would you like to come in?How about Friday afternoon , at 3:00 p.m.?12.How much do you charge for a haircut?Is there an extra charge for shampooing?13.How long is the wait?Can you squeeze me in?(可不可以先让我插个队呢)14.Can you make it look like this photo?Just a trim, please.Can you take a little bit off the bangs?15.The water is too hot!The shampoo’s getting in my eye!It looks great, thank you.16.I’d like to have this jacket dry-cleaned(laundered熨平).Can I have it ready by Monday?17.Can you get this stain out?There’s a stain here. Will it come out?Can I have this button sewn on?18.I’ve come to pick up my jacket. Is it ready?I forget my ticket.19.How many coins does this washer take?Can you show me how to use this machine?20.This machine took my money.(这机器吃掉了我的钱)The washer in the middle is out of order, I lost my money in it.21.Can non-members(非会员) use this club?How much do you charge non-members?22.When are you open?What time is the pool open to non-members?23.Do you have any courts(网球场) available for tomorrow afternoon?Yes, we have a court available at two o’clock and another one at four.Would you put me down for two o’clock(请替我登记2点钟好不好)?24.Do you have tennis rackets(拍) for rent?How much do you charge per racket?25.Excuse me. Can you tell me how to use this machine?How can I adjust this intensity level of this machine?Chapter 9: SOS1.My money was stolen.2.Someone stole my traveler’s checks.3.I had my wallet pickpocketed on the subway.4.I lost my purse.5.I can’t find my passport.6.I seem to have lost my MasterCard while I was shopping here.7.I left my bag here.8.Have you seen a blue coat? I put it on this chair.9.Where’s the police station?10.Is there a lost and found in the store(失物招领处)?11.What’s the number for the police station?12.I’d like to put a stop on my card.13.I’d like to have them reissued.14.Could you issue me a replacement card right away?15.Help!16.Police!17.Thief!18.I’ve been robbed!19.He took my money!20.Stop him!21.Somebody, please stop him!22.My baggage didn’t come out.23.I can’t find my bags.24.Can you put a trace on my suitcase?25.Is this all the baggage from Flight 233!26.I have a cold .27.I have a fever.28.I have a headache.29.I have a runny nose(流鼻涕).30.I have a sore throat.31.My nose is stuffy.(鼻塞).32.I keep sneezing(打喷嚏).33.I have a stomach ache.34.I have diarrhea(拉肚子).35.I feel like throwing up.36.It hurts here.37.I have a sharp pain.38.My back hurts.39.I feel sick.40.I have no appetite.41.I have chills.42.I have high blood pressure.43.I feel dizzy(头昏).44.I want to lie down.45.I sprained扭) my left ankle.46.I cut my finger.47.I hit my head.48.I burned(烫伤) my hand.49.I scraped my hand.50.I broke my leg.51.What’s wrong?。
第三章 旅游文本特征及其翻译
第三章 旅游文本特征及其翻译
旅游文本的句式特点及翻译 旅游文本的时态和语态特点及翻译 旅游文本中的修辞手法及翻译
3.1 旅游文本的句式特点及翻译
3.1.1 英语旅游文本的句式特征及其翻译 1）简短句
Welcome to heaven on earth—a summer vacation paradise at an altitude of 1,050 meters. Engelberg entices both young and old with its attractive range of offers and activities. Who could resist the temptation of spending several unforgettable days in the heart of Central Switzerland? Scope out the town on e-bikes or let the new Brunni cable car transport you closer to the sun in just a matter of minutes.
All year around, tourists jam the streets and hotels of Manhattan. They come to see the skyscrapers, visit museums, art galleries, opera houses, theaters, and famous specialty shops, and eat in the elegant and exotic restaurants. Besides New York, people are also attracted by cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, New Orleans, and Philadelphia.
Assignment 2 英语翻译
Assignment 2Class:________17电子_________Name:_____________奚落__Student No.:______1703712097_____Direction: You are allowed 30 minutes to translate the following English passage into Chinese.First ever black hole image releasedAstronomers have taken the first ever image of a black hole, which is located in a distant galaxy. It measures 40 billion km across -- three million times the size of the Earth -- and has been described by scientists as “a monster”. The black hole is 500 million trillion km away and was photographed by a network of eight telescopes across the world. Details have been published today in Astrophysical Journal Letters. Prof Heino Falcke, of Radboud University in the Netherlands, who proposed the experiment, t old BBC News that the black hole was found in a galaxy called M87. “It is one of the heaviest black holes that we think exist. It is an absolute monster, the heavyweight champion of black holes in the Universe.” The image shows an intensely bright “ring of fire”, as Prof Falcke describes it, surrounding a perfectly circular dark hole. The bright halo is caused by superheated gas falling into the hole. The light is brighter than all the billions of other stars in the galaxy combined - which is why it can be seen at such distance from Earth. The edge of the dark circle at the centre is the point at which the gas enters the black hole, which is an object that has such a large gravitational pull, not even light can escape.词汇first ever 有史以来第一个；有生以来第一个Astronomer n. 天文学家galaxy n. 星系measure + 数据长达/高达/宽达……telescope n. 望远镜propose vt. 提议；倡导heavyweight champion 重量级冠军intensely bright 极为明亮的；巨亮的intensely adv. 极其；非常（extremely）perfectly circular 呈现出完美圆形的halo n. 光圈superheated adj. 超级高温的；超级热的all sth. combined 所有……加起来gravitational pull 引力；地心引力________天文学家首次拍摄到位于遥远星系中的黑洞的图像。
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Assignment:
1.河道、瓦房和石桥组合成了位于上海西侧的周庄，这是淀山湖畔一个风景如画的水乡小
镇。
Zhouzhuang is a small canal town located on the west of Shanghai. The combinations of waterways, tiled houses and stone bridges make up a picturesque view for the shore of Dianshan Lake.
A web of waterways, tiled houses and stone bridges holds together Zhouzhuang, a small canal
town located on the picturesque shores of the Dianshan Lake, west of shanghai
2.西湖周围有公园、茶馆、旅店，还有清新的空气、秀丽的景致、宁静的气氛、绿树成荫
的街道和拱形的石桥，构成了人们心目中的“中国风景”。
Around West Lake, there are parks, teahouses and hotels. With the fresh air, the inviting views, the pleasant shade and the arched bridges, the elegant environment make it a Chinese Scenery in everyone’s mind.
Around the west lake, the air is clear, the landscape green and tranquil, and the avenues of willows and arched stone bridges conform to everyone’s idea of what Chinese scenery should look like.
3.绍兴的鉴湖，湖水清澈，风景秀丽，故又名镜湖。
Because of its clear water and inviting views, the Jianhu in Shaoxing is also known as Mirror Lake.
The Jianhu Lake in Shaoxing is also known as Mirror Lake for its crystal clear water and picturesque landscape around.
4.这里不仅民族风情浓郁，同时还是一片具有生命灵气的宝地，草原辽阔，山水环绕。
梅
里雪山主峰卡格博，屹立于迪庆西北，海拔6740米，是迪庆的最高点，也是云南第一峰，终年雪冠冰氅，云缠雾罩。
Having a strong flavor of local ethnic color, the prefecture boasts a scenic landscape with surrounding mountains and winding rivers and streams. As the dominant peak of Meili Mountain, the Kagebo Peak is outstanding at the northwest of Diqing with the height of 6740 meters above the sea level . Being covered by snow and surrounded by mist all year, it is known as the first peak of Y unnan province,
Radiating with the local ethnic colors of ethnic minorities, the Prefecture boasts a scenic landscapes with surrounding mountains and winding rivers and streams. The Kagebo Peak---the dominant peak of the Meili Mountain range in the northwest of Diqing---stands aloft 6740 meters above the sea level, the highest peak in Diqing and in Yunnan province as well, was covered by snow and shrouded by mist all the year round.。