非谓语动词(时态与逻辑主语) -
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语在高中英语新教材中,非谓语动词的应用是学生学习的重点,其中非谓语动词与它的逻辑主语的关系是学生学习的难点｡要解决这一难题,必须注意以下四个方面｡一､非谓语动词和其逻辑主语的概念1. 非谓语动词是指不能在句中充当谓语的动词形式,即动词不定式､动名词､现在分词和过去分词四种形式｡2. 逻辑主语是指非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者,二者之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系｡二､逻辑主语的判断1. 句子主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语｡例如:1) He likes helping others. (He是helping的逻辑主语)2) Moved by his words, I told him all the news. (I是moved的逻辑主语)2. 介词of或for的宾语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语｡例如:1) It’s kind of you to tell me the news. (you是to tell的逻辑主语)2) It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time.(you是to finish的逻辑主语)3. 复合结构中的宾语就是非谓动词的逻辑主语｡例如:1) The teacher asked me to answer his question. (me是to answer的逻辑主语)2) I saw him playing at the river side. (him是playing的逻辑主语)三､逻辑主语对非谓语动词语态的影响1. 如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词表示的动作的执行者,非谓语动词就用主动形式｡例如:1) I like to go out for a walk after supper.2) He enjoys singing songs.2. 如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词的动作的承受者,非谓语动词就用被动形式｡例如:1) The boy dislikes being laughed at.2) Tom asked to be sent to the front. 3. 当句子中既有非谓语动词的逻辑主语又有逻辑宾语时,非谓语动词用主动形式｡例如:He has a lot of work to do.4. 逻辑主语与非谓语动词是动宾关系,而且句子中有表语形容词时,非谓语动词用主动形式｡例如:1) The work is easy to do.2) The problem is difficult to deal with.四､分词和动名词的逻辑主语的区别1. 分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致｡如果不一致,则要补出它自己的逻辑主语｡例如:1) It being a fine day, we went out for a picnic.2) The homework finished, she began to watch TV.以上两例中的逻辑主语It和The homework不能缺少｡2. 动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,可以补出来动名词的逻辑主语｡例如:1) Would you mind my opening the window?2) Would you mind opening the window?3. 动名词的逻辑主语常用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格充当,而分词的逻辑主语一般用主格形式(作宾语除外)｡试比较:1) Tom’s being late made the teacher angry.Tom being late, the teacher got angry.2) I being late, the teacher got angry.My being late made the teacher angry.注意:1) 当动名词作宾语时,其逻辑主语也可用宾格形式｡试比较:Would you mind my opening the window?Would you mind me opening the window?2) 当动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物或不定代词时,不能用名词或代词的所有格｡例如:Is there any hope of our class (不能说class’s) winning the match?I was woken up by someone (不能说someone’s) crying for help.总之,非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系要在具体的语言环境中加以分析和判断1．(MET86)Tell him ___ the window.A.to shut notB.not to shutC.to not shutD.not shut2.（MET89）She pretended ___me when I passed by.A.not to seeB.not seeingC.to not seeD.having not seen3. It’s a great honour for me ______ to sp eak here.A.to inviteB.to be invitedC.to invitedD..to have invited4．(上海96) When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person____.A.to sendB.for sending itC.to send it toD.for sending it to5. - You have come just in time to help us- Fine, what needs ____.A. I doB. doneC. to be done D .to do6．04-27福建The news reporter hurried to the airport, only___the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be told C .telling D. told7. 05—8浙江——more about university courses, call (920)746-3789.A. To find outB. Finding outC. Find outD. Having found outKey (BABCCBA) 1．I can’t think of ____ alone any longer.A. you livingB. you being livedC. you liveD. you are living2. He narrowly escaped ____ by a car..A. killingB. being killedC. having killedD. killed3. I’m afraid of ___ at home alone.A. leavingB. leftC. being leftD. live4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed___.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch5. Have you finished ___the notice on the blackboard?A. writtenB. wroteC. writingD. to write6．04—34安徽I really can’t understand ____ her like that.A. you treatB. you to treatC. why treatD. you treating7. 92—26上海He has always insisted on his ____ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.A. been calledB. calledC. having calledD. being calledKey (ABCCCDD)1．（86MET）The next morning she found the man ___in bed ,dead.A. lying B .lie C. lay D. laying2.(90MET) ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given3(92MET) ___ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received4. (97MET) The Olympic Games,_____ in 776 B. C. , did not include women playersuntil 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing5. (93上海) He didn’t keep on asking me the ti me any longer as he had had hiswatch____.A.. to repairB. repairedC. repairingD. repair6.(05—7天津) You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ____often enough.A. explainingB. to explainC. explainD. explained 7.(05—26湖北) ——from other continents for millions of years, Australia hasmanyplants and animals not found in any other countryin the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To beseparatedKey ( A ACCBDC)。
非谓语动词用法详解
非谓语动词用法详解动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成．1．不定式的用法：l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如：To see is to believe．It is right to give up smoking．2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如：He wanted to go．I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补足语．例如：He asked me to do the work with him.注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如I often hear him sing the song．He is often heard to sing the song．注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如：She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go．动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。
Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。
非谓语动词用法归纳
英语非谓语动词用法非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)一般来说，不定式做主语多表示一次性、具体性动作。
动名词做主语常表经常性、抽象性动作。
Looking after the children is her job.To clean the classroom is his job today.Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
非谓语动词逻辑主语可以不表示出来的情况
一般说来，非谓语动词的逻辑主语必定能在所在句中找到，否则被视为有语法错误。
但是，下列的非谓语动词形式逻辑主语却允许不表示出来。
一、不定式短语在下列情况下，逻辑主语可不表示出来。
1.不定式作主语或表语时泛指一个动作，并无具体实施者，其隐含主语是one。
例如：To borrow books from this library, it is necessary to register as a member of the library. [For one to borrow...]要从这个图书馆借书，在图书馆做登记是必要的。
To take such an attitude is to seek truth from facts.这种态度就是实事求是的态度。
2.不定式短语作插入语表示说话人的态度，其隐含的主语是I或we。
例如：To sum up, we have to work still harder.总之，我们还得更加努力地工作。
To tell the truth, I don't agree with you.老实说，我不同意你的意见。
3.不定式短语的逻辑主语可在上下文中找到。
例如：Well, I put on weight again. To take it off would be no easy job.嗯，我又发胖了。
再要减肥可不容易。
4.在一些科学论著中，隐含的不定式短语的逻辑主语是I, we, you(即作者或读者)。
例如：To increase the rate of reaction, a catalyst is used.要加快反应速度就得使用催化剂。
This medicine should be taken before meals to get the best result.这种药应在饭前服用以获得最佳疗效。
二、-ing分词短语在下列情况下，其逻辑主语可不表示出来。
非谓语动词使用中对逻辑主语判断中的主动被动关系
非谓语动词使用主动被动关系的判定非谓语动词使用中对逻辑主语判断中的主动被动关系非谓语动词使用中对逻辑主语判断非谓语使用首先要判断这个是非谓语形式，不是作谓语（谓语考查的是时态和语态）。
主动关系1. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind，________(realize) that he could do nothing to help.答案realizing2. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind，________(realize) that he could do nothing to help.答案realizing3. 改错Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.________答案Felt→Feeling4. Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, ________ (wear) sun glasses.答案wearing5.The next thing he saw the smoke ________(rise) from behind the house.答案rising被动关系6．The island，________(join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.答案.joined （过去分词表示被动和完成作后置定语）7.The rare fish，________(save) from the cooking pot，has been returned to the sea. 答案.saved （过去分词表示被动和完成作后置定语）8．Tsinghua University，________(found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.答案.founded （过去分词表示被动和完成作后置定语）9. ________ (compare) with others in the world, he found himself a lucky one.答案Compared10. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ________ (finish) for the day.答案finished解析由于动词finish与their lessons之间为动宾关系。
英语非谓语动词知识点
英语非谓语动词知识点1) 总的概述：不定式作主语——具体的，一次性的To understandothers is hard.动名词作主语——一般的，经常性的Washing clothes is her daily job.分词不能作主语——分词有形／副的作用，但主语只能是带有名词意义的词2) 具体用法：动名词在句型里作主语的运用：i. It’s no good/ useless/ a waste of time/ a good pleasure + doi ng sth. (it’s+形容词／形容词性短语+doing)It’s a waste of time dating you.ii. It’s + adj. + 动名词It’s delighted playing.iii. There was/ is + no + doingThere is no standing still in this life.1) 不定式的逻辑主语不定式不能作自己的主语，但在意思上仍然有履行该动作的逻辑主语，其逻辑主语前总有“for/ of”的标志。
It’s foolish of you to stay away from your family.The hardest thing is for him to give up.She was sent there to be trained as a teacher.2) 动名词的逻辑主语当动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，应在动名词前加上物主代词／名次属格来作其逻辑主语。
Your being curious almost hurt yourself.3) There be句型Of there beingHe spoke of there being a magnificent ranch.For / about there to beIt’s easy for there to be a gap between parents and children.1) 能接动名词作宾语的动词为防止危险－禁止犯罪－假设犯，应坦白／成认escape/ avoid－forbid－ confess/ acknowledge/ admit男方推迟约会－女方介意，忍耐，原谅－再犯，放弃put off/delay－mind/tolerate/endure/excuse/pardon/forgive－give up提倡的建议－被民众喜欢／感激advocate/ suggest－enjoy/ appreciate2) 介词后只能接动名词Feel like doing sth.Be/ get used to doing sth.其他的都是介词＋（in）doing sth.1) 能接不定式为宾语的动词往往差生－自愿参军－准备提出申请－等待同意tend－volunteer－prepare/ offer－agree渴望梦想－下定决心－做好计划／打算－尽力／设法去实现long－determine－plan/ aim－endeavor/manage未能拒绝要求－假装（做外表工作）fail/ refuse/ ask/ claim/ demand－pretend2) 连词except/ but与不定式except/but只能与不定式，不能与动名词连用We have no choicebut to wait.但假设前有do，那么except/but后也只能加do（前后一致）Iwould do anything for you except to be a missioner.1) 接动名词／不定式，意思都不变的动词喜欢一个人－憎恨麻烦－宁可不追求like/love－hate－prefer计划／试图创业－开始遇难－无法继续－停止告终intend/attempt－begin/start－continue－cease假设like/love/hate/prefer前有should/would，那么只能接不定式（本来would／should只能接动原，为让步，加带“to”的动原）Iwould like to have a drink.2) 接动名词／不定式，会改变本义的动词进程改变（to do未完成；doing正在做／做过了）记得－忘记－后悔－停止－继续remember/forget－regret－stop－go on意义改变当别人需要你时－尝试忍住不耐－设法去帮助他们need－try/ stand－mean/ helpTo do人设法做不忍心想要做帮助Doing物（主作被）试着做忍受意味着禁不止3) 在这些动词这，动名词作宾语，不定式作宾语补足语该俱乐部只允许有推荐信的人申请－假设无，那么禁止入内－建议呱permit/ allow－remend－forbid－adviseIdon’t allow you to go.My dad doesn’t allow smokingin our family.1) 分词作补语－现在分词～动作正在进行／状态；过去分词～被动Iheard someone knocking at the door.（就省去that和was了）She kept us waiting for 2 hours!Iheard the song sung.（用歌被唱表示人在唱歌）不定式作补语－还未完成Please remind me to take my medicine.我想要劝他去帮助1) Want/wish－后加(to be) doneIwant it finished today.2) 表示劝请/要求Teac h/ ask/ remind…表示劝请／要求的动词后都可以接sb. to do sth.Ididn’t ask you to do it for me.Hope/ agree/ suggest/demand/decide后不可加sb. to do sth. Hope/ agree/ suggest + thatDemand/ decide + to do3) 使役动词have/make/let后加不带to的不定式，但在动词为主语的被动语态时可接to doHe makes his son study.He was made to study.4) Help后加不加to都无所谓You got to help me to fix it.Idon’twant to help you fix it.现在分词－性质：It is exciting.过去分词－状态：The store is closed.Washing clothes is my daily task.在主系表句型中，假设主语局部有实义动词do的某种形式，那么作主语补足语的不定式既可以带to也可不带toThe last thing Iwant to do is (to) arguewith you.分词：Not obtaining a ticket for the match动名词：Not being tall不定式：Not to be tallThe racing horse = thehorse is racingA fallen leaf = a leaf that alreadyfallen.The buildingpleted before = the buildingwas pleted before. The washing machine= themachineis for washing.The meeting to be continued is on our top agenda.1) 分词－时间／原因／让步／条件／方式／伴随伴随：Iwas sad, wandering alone the river.原因：Being a good father, Ineed to work harder.条件：Given more time, Icould make it.2) 不定式－目的／结果／原因目的：To satisfymyself, Idecide to have a good meal.结果：Iwas too scareto ask him. / The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, only to be captured by the police each time.1) 分词的独立结构（修饰分句）假设分词修饰的主语与主句的主语不一致，那么分词要有自己的逻辑主语——逻辑主语＋分词（可表时间／原因／伴随／条件／目的）The guest having departed, I laid on my bed and fall asleep. Time permitting, we should stay here a littlebit longer.Her son lost, she got crazy.2) 某些不加逻辑主语的分词短语的独立结构（修饰全句）总的／严格来说－假设这是判断题－该如何判断是否正确呢Generally/strictly speaking－provided/providing/suppose/ given－judgingfrom谈到未来的职业选择－考虑到我的兴趣－是在关于，包括语言方面的－既然是这样，所以我决定考研talking of－considering/ given－regarding/concerning－including－seeing that3) 不定式的独立结构To tell the truth; to be plain with you; to be brief; to be honest; to sum up; to cut a long story short; to say the least; to be sure; to begin with; not to mention; strangeto say; needless to say; to conclude（其实2和3这两个知识点都是一样的，分词和不定式的独立结构都是在修饰全句，而不是单单一个主语，因此我们可以把这些分词和不定式的独立结构看作一个固定搭配。
非谓语动词作状语 逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系-概述说明以及解释
非谓语动词作状语逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述非谓语动词作状语以及逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系是语法学中重要的概念，对于理解句子的结构和意义起着关键的作用。
非谓语动词可以以动词、形容词、副词和介词短语的形式出现在句子中，并且在句子中起到修饰或补充动词的作用。
有时，非谓语动词能够包含丰富的信息，使句子更具表达力和准确性。
逻辑主语是一个概念，指的是在一个句子中承担实际动作或状态的实体或事物。
逻辑主语与动词之间存在着主被动关系，也就是动词所表示的动作或状态是由逻辑主语所承担的。
主动语态表示逻辑主语执行动作，而被动语态则表示逻辑主语接受动作。
本文旨在探讨非谓语动词作状语的定义、分类和用法，并且分析非谓语动词作状语的实际运用。
同时，我们还将深入研究逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系，介绍逻辑主语的定义和作用，以及动词的主被动关系的规律。
通过示例分析，我们将展示非谓语动词作状语和逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系的重要性和实际应用。
最后，本文的结论将总结非谓语动词作状语的重要性，并归纳逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系的规律。
同时，本文也将探讨对语言学研究的启示，以期为语法学领域的进一步研究提供参考和借鉴。
通过对非谓语动词作状语和逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系的深入理解和应用，我们可以更好地理解句子的结构和意义，提高语言表达的准确性和流利性。
1.2 文章结构2.1 定义和分类：在本章中，我们将探讨非谓语动词作状语的相关概念和分类。
非谓语动词是指在句子中作除谓语外的其他成分的动词形式。
它们可以用来修饰主语、谓语、宾语以及其他成分，起到状语的作用。
根据用途和形式的不同，非谓语动词可以分为分词、不定式和动名词等几种类型。
首先，我们来看分词。
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词通常以-ing结尾，而过去分词则是根据动词的不同规则变化而来。
分词作状语时，可以表达时间、条件、原因、方式、目的等不同的意义。
其次，不定式是另一种常见的非谓语动词形式。
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。
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构成”名词普通格(或代词主格) + 分词”的结构,称为分词独立结 构.该结构通常修饰整个句子,表 示时间、原因、条件或伴随情况. The problem having been solved, we ended the meeting.(=having solved the problem, we ended the meeting.
I’ve been looking forward to going to Beijing for a long time. Norman hated being a fool.
2.动名词的逻辑主语如果不与 句子的主语一致，则该动名词 前一般有一个物主代词或名词 所有格作为它的逻辑主语．这 种 “ 物主代词或名词所有格＋ 动名词 ” 结构就是动名词的 复合结构．它在句中具有主语， 表语、定语或宾语的功能。
You should have finished your homework. We needn’t have worried about him. You shouldn’t have been there.
be ill. He must be waiting for us. have seen her.
He wants to learn English.
Some stars are too small to be seen. This point to be explained is about the long history of iron.
2.在以“宾语＋不定式”的复 合结构中，宾语就是不定式的 逻辑主语．
4.Our father often told us in the past that _____is believing. A. To see B. Seeing C. See D. To be seen
5.She pretended ________the letter I wrote the day beforan’t can may might could
+
be n. / adj. / … be doing have done
Nobody opened the door. She might (may) have left. The road is all wet. It must have rained last night. I saw him just now. He can’t have gone to Shanghai.
A. not to receive B. not receiving C. not to hear from D. having not received
Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.
因为没收到他父亲的来信， 他决定给他打个电话。
Not having been finished, the book can’t be returned at present. The building being built is our new library.
完成式
Thank you for having helped me so much. He is praised for having devoted his life for his country.
Before being used, the machine must be checked.
对比下列句子 He insisted on being sent to hospital. He insisted on sending her to hospital.
She wants you to call him back at 11. I often heard him sing the song.
They want the machine to be tested at once.
3.在“ for/of ”+名词（或代词 的宾格）＋动词不定式的结构 中，“ for/of ” 后的名词（或 代词的宾格）为动词不定式的 逻辑主语． This is for you to decide.
3分词作定语时, 被修饰的名词 就是其逻辑主语. The hours being built is our laboratory. Officials say diseases caused directly by smoking kill at least 320,000 Americans every year.
Some companies are offering special gifts and lower prices to people signing an agreement to stop smoking.
4.分词独立结构
分词作状语时,有时其逻辑主 语与句中的主语不一致,它可 以有自己的逻辑主语.该逻辑 主语通常用名词的通格或代 词的主格表示,放在分词的前 面.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
3.Is______necessary to change trains at Beijing? A. this C. it B. that D. he
It’s important for the students to learn a foreign language.
It’s very kind of you to dinner. 二．动名词的逻辑主语 He avoided giving us a definite answer.
Have you finished reading the book?
现在分词的时态和语态
时态 一般式
主 动
doing having done
被 动
being done having been done
完成式
现在分词的时态和语态：
Having been to the Great Wall many times, He didn’t go there yesterday. 分词的动作发生在谓语动词 的动作之前
注意下面句式
n.
S. + be worth
doing of + n. S. + be worthy to be done of being done
不定式的时态和语态
时态 一般式 主 动 to do 被 动 to be done
to have been 完成式 to have done done 进行式 to be doing 无
He pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him. He seems to be eating something I’m sorry 后 to have kept you waiting.
前
Pay special attention to: hoped promised wanted to have done wished 表示过去没有 expected 实现的期待和 planned 愿望
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Do you think her going there will be of any help?
They all thought Lao Li’s going there a great mistake. I had no idea of their having done such a thing.
三.分词的逻辑主语 1.分词作状语时,其逻辑主语 就是句中的主语.
When heated, water will be changed into vapour. Given enough time, he would do it better.
While heating water, we can change it into vapour.
时态 语态
逻辑 主语
练习
时态和语态
英语基本时态构成一览表
一般式 进行时 将来时 完成时
do be doing
shall / will do
have done
完成进行时 have been doing
动名词的时态和语态
时态
一般式
主 动
doing having done
被 动
being done having been done
Being a league member, he always sets a good example to others.
2.分词作宾语补足语时, 宾语 就是其逻辑主语.
Suddenly I heard the door opened. Suddenly I heard someone opening the door.
练习
1.____is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
2.When and where to build the new power station____ yet.
He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didn’t get there in time. We planned to have done good deeds for the poor people last month