英美文学欣赏知识点
英美文学考点
一、文学术语*41.Epic叙事诗，史诗A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. Two of the most famous epics of Western civilization are Homer' s Iliad and Odyssey. The great epic of the Middle Ages is The Divine Comedy (神曲) by the Italian poet Dante. The two most famous English epics are the Anglo- Saxon Beowulf and John Milton' s Paradise Lost, which employ some of the conventions of the classical epic.2.Naturalism 自然主义(文学、艺术以反映现实为宗旨)Naturalism is a term of literary history, primarily a French movement in prose fiction and the drama during the final third of the 19th century, although it is also applied to similar movements or groups of writers in other countries in the later decades of the 19th and early years of the 20th cents. In France Emile Zola (1840-1902) was the dominant practitioner(习艺者，专业人员) of Naturalism in prose fiction and the chief exponent (鼓吹者，倡导者，拥护者;能手，大师) of its doctrines. The emergence of Naturalism does not mark a radical (彻底的) break with Realism, rather the new style is a logical extension of it. Broadly speaking, Naturalism is characterized by a refusal to idealize experience and by the persuasion that human life is strictly subjected to natural laws. The Naturalists shared withthe earlier Realists the conviction that the everyday life of the middle and lower classes of their own day provided subjects worthy of serious literary treatment. Emphasis was laid on the influence of the material and economic environment on behavior, and on the determining effects of physical and hereditary factors in forming the individual temperament. Famous American Naturalistic writers would include Jack London, Stephen Crane and Frank Norris, who were deeply influenced by Charles Darwin's evolution theory which believe that one's heredity and socialsituation limit one's character.3. Modernism现代派(盛行于20世纪的文学风格)Modernism was a complex and diverse international movement in all the creative arts, originating about the end of the 19th century and prosperity in the 20th century. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. In their writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled (混合) together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.4.Transcendentalism 超验主义It was a reaction to the 18th century Newtonian concept of the universe.The major features of New England Transcendentalism can be summarized as follows.1 The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe.2. The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them the individualwas the most important element of society.3. The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spiritor God Nature was, to them, not purely matter. It was alive, filled with God' s overwhelming presence.I. Major Literary Terms in The Anglo-Norman Period1.Romance: Any imaginative literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters. Originally, the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures of kings and queens, knights and ladies, and including unlikely or supernatural happenings. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best of the medieval romances. John Keats' s The Eve of St. Agnes is one of the greatest metrical (格律) romances ever written.2. Ballad(民谣，叙事歌谣): A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung. In many centuries, the folk ballad was one of the earliest forms of literature. Folk ballads have n0 known authors. They were transmittedorally from generation to generation and were not set down in writing until centuries after they were first sung. The subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everyday life of the common people. The most popular subjects, often tragic, are disappointed love, jealousy, revenge, sudden disaster and deeds of adventure and daring. Devices commonly used in ballads are the refrain (叠词) , incremental repetition (叠句) and code language (特定语言) . A later form of ballad is the literary ballad which imitates the style of the folk ballad. The most famous English literary ballad is Samuel Taylor Coleridge' s The Rime of the .Ancient Mariner (老水手之歌) ，二、选择&填空The Anglo-Norman PeriodThe literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its---tales of--- and---, in marked contrast of____ and---of Anglo-Saxon poetry.● romantic, love , adventure, strength, somberness (昏暗;冷静) Geoffrey Chaucer1. The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a General Prologue and only--tales, of which two are left unfinished.●242. The--provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.●Prologue 序言3. The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer' s greatest work and the greater part ofit was written in--Couplets.●Heroic (英雄双韵体)4. The pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales are on their way to the shrine of St. Thomas a Becket at the place named---●Canterbury5. In The Canterbury Tales, from the character of---，we may see a very vivid sketch of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer' s own day.●the Wife of Bath (巴斯夫人: 齐叟笔下一个结过5次婚等待第六位丈夫的女人)Renaissance1 Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and---are generally regarded as Shakespeare' s four great tragedies.●Macbeth2. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of---●Queen Elizabeth3.---wrote his---in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of people' s sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.●Thomas More, UtopiaThe literature of the 17th century1 After---' s death, monarchy was again restored in 1660. It was called theperiod of---●Oliver Cromwell; Restoration2. The Glorious Revolution took place in the year of---●1688.3. Paradise Lost tells how---rebelled against God and how---and---were driven out of Eden.●Satan; Adam, Eve.4. Bunyan' s most important work is---，written in the form old-fashioned medieval form of---and dream.●The Pilgrim' s Progress; allegory寓言The 18th century literature1. The image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th century was created by Daniel Defoe in his famous novel---.●Robinson Crusoe2. The 18th century in English literature is an age of---●prose3. Jonathan Swift s masterpiece is---●Gulliver' s Travels4. William Blake' s work.--- (1794) are in marked contrast with the Songs of Innocence天真之歌●The Songs of Experience经验之歌5. The greatest of --- poets in the 18th century is Robert Burns.●ScottishThe 19th century literature1. With the publication of William Wordworth' s ---with S. T Coleridge, ---began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.●Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集，Romanticism2.The Romantic Age came to an end in 1832 when the last Romantic writer___ died.●Walter Scott3. The greatest historical novelist---was produced in the Romantic Age.●Walter Scott4.The glory of the Romantic age is in the poety of---, ---, ---, ---, ---, and ---.●Scott, Wordsworth, Coleridge科尔里奇，Byron, Shelley, Keats ,Moore, Southey索西.5.The English Romantic Period produced two major novelists. They are---●Scott and Austen6. In his poems Wordsworth aimed at the--- and ---of the language.●simplicity, purity7. Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems, one is Childe Harold' s Pilgrimage, and the other is ---.●Don Juan8.“Ode to a Nightingale” was written by---.●John Keats9.Jane Austen' s literary concern is about human beings in their---relationships.●personalVictorian Age1.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend--- appeared after the romantic poetry, and flourished in the time of---.●Critical realism, 1840s and 1850s.2.Critical realism reveals the corrupting influence of the rule of cash upon human nature. Here lies in the essentially--- and---character of critical realism.●Democratic, humanitarian3.In A tale of Iwo Cities, the two cities are---and ---in the time of revolution.●London, Paris .4.In 1847, Thackeray published his masterpiece---, which marks the peak of his literary career.●Vanity Fair5.It is Robert Browning who developed the literary form---.●Dramatic monologue戏剧独白20th century British Literature1__ had its outstanding advocate in Kipling, who with drum and trumpet, called upon England to “take up the Whiteman' s burden” by dominatingall “lesser breeds without the law."●lmperialism2.Those “novels of character and environment” by Thomas Hardy are the lost representative of him as both a---and a critical realist writer.●Naturalistic3. It took Galsworthy twenty- two years to accomplish the monumental work, his masterpiece---.●The Forsyte Saga福尔赛世家4. Lawrence finished---, the autobiographical novel at which he had been working off and on for years, which was positively taken as a typical example and lively manifestation of the “Oedipus Complex' 'in fiction.●Sons and Lovers5.---and--- are the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist.●James Joyce, Virginia Woolf.6.--- is generally regarded as Virginia Woolf s most remarkable work.●To the LighthouseExercises on American Literature1.In the 17th century, the English settlements in---and---began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.●Virginia, Massachusetts2. Washington Irving' s____ became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.●Sketch Book3.Cooper' s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels that comprise the---.●Leatherstocking Tales4.____ was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New 1and---.●Ralph Waldo Emerson5. A superb book entitled---came out of Henry David Thoreau' s two-year experiment at Walden Pond.●Walden6.The book---is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit ofa seemingly supernatural white whale.●Moby DickBook two chapter one1. In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, ---gave America its first genuine epic poem.●Walt Whitman2. As the founder of American Critical Realism, ---enjoys the fame as “Lincoln of American literature?●Mark Twain3.---was considered the founder of psychological realism in America.●Henry James4.The identification of potency (影响) with money is at the heart of Dreiser's greatest and most successful novel,---●An American TragedyThe 20th century1 Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the---“Movement●Imagist2.The most significant American poem of the 20th century was---●The Waste Land3.---of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.●The Jaz Age4. Hemingway' s novel---painted the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation.●The Sun Also Rises5.---wrote about the disintegration (瓦解) of the old social system in the American southern states, and the lives of modern people, both black and white.●William Faulkner三、True or False1. In 1066, Alexander the Great led the Norman army to invade England. It was called the Norman Conquest.●F (William the Conqueror)2. The Story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination (顶点) of the romances about Charles the Great.●F(King Arthur and his knights)3. Robinson named Saturday to the saved victim.●F(Friday)4.“A Modest Proposal is made to Irish government to relieve the poverty of English people. F(Irish)5. It was Henry Fielding and Tobias Gorge Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe.6. Of all the romantic poets of the 18th century, Blake is the most in dependent and the most original. T7. George Eliot produced the remarkable novels including Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner. (true)8.The Bronte sisters are Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte. (true)9. The Victorian Age was largely an age of prose, especially of the novel. (true)10 David Copperfield is Thackeray' s masterpiece. F(Dickens)11.The title of the novel Vanity Fair is taken from Bunyan' s Pilgrim' s progress. (true)12 In 1907, John Galsworthy received the Nobel Prize for “idealism inliterature. Kim is his long novel. F (Kipling)13. George Bernard Shaw was strongly against the credo of“ art for art' s sake14. The Importance of Being Earnest is written by Oscar Wilde. T15.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Nathaniel Hawthome' s novel The Scarlet Letter.16 In 1828, Noah Webster published his An American Dictionary of the English Language.17.5tirred by the teachings of transcendentalism, writers of Boston and nearby towns produced a New England literary renaissance. T18. The Fall of the House of Usher is one of Edgar Allan Poe' s poems. F(novels)19 Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about man and nature. T20 Emily Dickinson is a democratic poet. F(modernist)21.“The Cop and the Anthem” was written by Jack London. F (O Henry)22 While embracing the socialism of Marx, Jack London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel The Call of the Wild. F Martin Eden)23. Between the mid-19th and the first decade of the 20th century, there had been a big flush of new theories and new ideas in both social id natural sciences, as well in the field of art in Europe, which played anindispensable role in bringing about modernism and the modernistic writings in the United States. T24. The decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a new diversity and reached its greatest heights. F(1920s)、。
英美文学知识
英国文学知识一、中古英国文学1.Beowulf : the oldest poem in the English language and the most importantspecimen of Anglo-Saxon literature.2.Geoffrey Chaucer: he is acclaimed as the father of English Poetry and father ofEnglish fiction. His masterpiece。
The Canterbury TalesThe Romaunt of the RoseThe Legend of good WomenThe House of Fame二、文艺复兴时期时间：14世纪到17世纪中后期特点：Humanism became the keynote of English Renaissance著名作家：1.Thomas More: Utopia2.Edmund Spenser (a poet):The Faerie QueenThe Shepherd Calendar3.Christopher Marlowe( a poet and dramatist):Edward IIDr. FaustusTamburlaineThe Jew of Malta4.William Shakespeare有四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（英：Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（英：Othello）、《李尔王》（英：King Lear）、《麦克白》（英：Macbeth ————spanish tragedy ，Thomas Kyd四大喜剧：：《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《第十二夜》、《皆大欢喜》（《As you like it》）主要历史剧：Henry IV, Henry V历史剧：《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》、《理查三世》。
正剧、悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，悲喜剧（传奇剧）《暴风雨》、《辛白林》《冬天的故事》《佩里克勒斯》。
英美文学重点知识归纳
英美文学重点知识归纳1. 英美文学的定义英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文等。
英美文学具有悠久的历史，涵盖了从古代文学到现代文学的各个时期和流派。
2. 英美文学的时期和流派2.1 古代英美文学古代英美文学包括早期安格鲁-撒克逊文学、中世纪文学和文艺复兴时期文学。
其中，早期安格鲁-撒克逊文学以史诗《贝奥武夫》为代表，中世纪文学以《坎特伯雷故事集》为代表，文艺复兴时期文学以莎士比亚的戏剧作品为代表。
2.2 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义是英美文学的一个重要流派，包括诗人拜伦、雪莱和济慈等人的作品。
浪漫主义文学强调个体的感情和想象力，关注自然、爱情、自由等主题。
2.3 现实主义文学现实主义是英美文学的另一个重要流派，出现于19世纪后期。
代表作家包括狄更斯、托尔斯泰和马克·吐温等人。
现实主义文学揭示社会问题，关注人性的复杂性和社会的不公平。
2.4 现代主义文学现代主义是20世纪英美文学的主要流派，代表作家有弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、塞缪尔·贝克特和詹姆斯·乔伊斯。
现代主义文学对传统的文学形式进行了颠覆和重塑，追求形式上的创新和思想上的深度。
3. 英美文学的重要作家和作品3.1 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家和诗人之一。
他的代表作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等。
3.2 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）简·奥斯汀是19世纪英国小说家，被誉为英国小说的经典作家。
她的代表作包括《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》和《艾玛》等。
3.3 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德是20世纪美国作家，代表作品有《了不起的盖茨比》。
他被认为是美国“爵士时代”的象征之一。
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2.the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
4.Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
5.Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。
英美文学赏析题技巧
英美文学赏析题技巧英美文学赏析题技巧主要包括以下几个方面：1. 了解背景知识：在赏析英美文学作品之前，了解作品的背景知识非常重要。
这包括作者的生平、时代背景、作品的主题和风格等。
这些背景知识有助于更好地理解作品，从而更好地回答赏析题。
2. 分析作品主题：主题是英美文学作品的中心思想，是作者想要传达的主要信息。
在赏析时，要深入分析作品的主题，理解作者的意图和表达的思想。
3. 探讨作品风格：风格是作者在作品中所表现出来的一种独特的语言和写作方式。
在赏析时，要注意分析作品的风格，包括语言特点、修辞手法、叙事方式等。
这有助于更好地理解作者的写作技巧和作品的独特之处。
4. 抓住人物形象：人物形象是英美文学作品中的重要元素，是作者用来表达主题和思想的重要手段。
在赏析时，要抓住作品中的人物形象，理解他们的性格特点、行为表现以及作者塑造他们的意图。
5. 体会作品意义：英美文学作品通常具有深刻的意义和启示。
在赏析时，要深入体会作品的意义，理解作者通过作品所传达的信息和价值观。
6. 分析作品结构：结构是英美文学作品的框架，是作者安排情节和组织素材的方式。
在赏析时，要注意分析作品的结构，理解作者的构思和布局，从而更好地把握作品的脉络和整体感。
7. 注重细节：细节是英美文学作品的灵魂，是作者用来刻画人物、情节和环境的重要手段。
在赏析时，要注重作品中出现的细节描写，理解作者的意图和表达效果。
8. 练习阅读理解：阅读理解是英美文学赏析的基础。
在平时的学习中，要多练习阅读理解，提高自己的阅读能力和分析能力。
这有助于更好地理解作品，从而更好地回答赏析题。
以上是英美文学赏析题的技巧，希望能对您有所帮助。
英美文学选读要点整理
英美文学选读要点整理英美文学是指主要产生于英国和美国的文学作品。
这些作品普遍被认为是世界文学史上的经典之作，它们不仅反映了当时人们的思想、风俗和历史背景，而且对后世的文学创作和思想影响深远。
本文将对英美文学的一些经典作品和代表人物展开介绍，以便读者了解基本要点。
一、莎士比亚戏剧威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学中最伟大的戏剧家之一，他的戏剧作品为后世文学创作和人类思想发展做出了重要贡献。
《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《李尔王》、《奥赛罗》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等都是经典之作，其传世的主题和人物追求真理、权力、爱情、自由等，至今仍然在全球范围内广为演出和阅读。
二、乔治·爱留信的小说乔治·爱留信是19世纪英国小说的代表人物之一，她的作品关注现实、自由与平等等问题，无论在文学、政治、社会观点上均有着极高的分量。
《简爱》、《呼啸山庄》、《租户人生》等作品都曾引发社会议题的讨论，一些作品甚至被认为标志着英国小说的“新浪潮”。
三、查尔斯·狄更斯的小说查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国最著名的小说家之一，他的作品关注社会中下层人民的生活、权利和不公平，以及对社会的批判。
他的作品被认为是英国小说的巅峰之一，如《呼啸山庄》、《人间喜剧》等均建立了极高的声誉。
四、海明威的小说海明威是20世纪美国最著名的小说家之一，他的作品具有天才的文学技巧和特立独行的风格。
《老人与海》、《太阳也辉煌》、《对一个没有人问津的人说话》等作品，都标志着他的文学成就。
他的作品关注人物的生命意义，对现代文化产生了深远的影响。
五、弗兰纳·奥康纳的短篇小说弗兰纳·奥康纳是20世纪美国南方最著名的小说家之一，她的短篇小说关注信仰、教育和人的本性等问题。
她的作品以强烈的宗教信仰和犀利的文学抨击而著名，如《下海湾》、《一朵草地》、《歌者猝死》等作品，刻画出各种虚伪、愚昧和堕落的形象。
英美文学鉴赏重点
英美文学鉴赏重点英美文学鉴赏导读一单选题10个10分二文学术语翻译，10中，10英10分三2篇诗歌的分析，写出作家名，诗名，格律metrical pattern，韵律rhyme scheme，诗节stanza from，诗歌类型genre of the poem，修辞figures of speech，主题theme等20分四默写学过的两首诗。
20分五简答题两个questions 20分六论述题两个20分I. Each of the statements below is followed by 4 alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. (10*1℅=10) ?II. Translate the following former 10 English literary terms into Chinese and the later 10 Chinese literary terms into English.(20*0.5℅=10%)III. Please fill in the missing blanks and answer questions below. (2*12℅=24%)IV. Write down 2 poem you’ve learned from the textbook except the above-cited poems in III. (2*8℅=16%)V. Give brief answers to the following questions. (2*10℅=20%)VI. Short essay questions. （1*15+1*5=20%）1）熟悉Part1 (6-7)，part 2 (2-7), part 3 (2)的专业术语，会互译。
英美文学重点知识归纳
英美文学重点知识归纳一、英美文学的概念和特点英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、剧本等。
它具有以下几个特点：1.多元化：英美文学以其丰富多样的风格和流派而闻名。
从古典主义到浪漫主义，从现代主义到后现代主义，英美文学不断演变和发展，展示了人类思想和情感的多样性。
2.自由和开放性：英美文学强调个体的自由和独立思考，在作品中反映了社会、政治和文化的变革。
自由主义和个人主义的精神贯穿在英美文学的历史中。
3.注重个人感受和情感表达：英美文学注重个人感受和情感表达，通过描写人物内心的矛盾和困惑，展示了人性的复杂和多样性。
二、英美文学的重要时期和代表作品1. 文艺复兴时期（16世纪）文艺复兴时期是英美文学的重要里程碑，代表作品有：•威廉·莎士比亚的剧作《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等，深刻地反映了人性的复杂性和命运的无常。
•约翰·米尔顿的史诗《失乐园》，通过对上帝、撒旦和亚当夏娃的描写，揭示了人类的原罪和思想的自由。
2. 浪漫主义时期（18世纪末至19世纪初）浪漫主义时期是英美文学的重要发展阶段，代表作品有：•威廉·华兹华斯的诗集《抒情诗选集》，强调对自然和个人感受的表达，展现了对自由和灵魂的渴望。
•简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》，通过对社会等级和女性地位的描写，呈现了封建社会的弊端。
3. 现代主义时期（20世纪初至中期）现代主义时期是英美文学的革命性时期，代表作品有：•弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说《至灵之泉》，以流动的意识流体式叙述，探索了心灵的迷茫和现代社会的困惑。
•T·S·艾略特的诗集《荒原》，通过对现代社会的批判和对个体灵魂的探索，反映了人类在现代社会中的孤独和迷失。
三、英美文学的重要作家和代表作1. 威廉·莎士比亚（1564-1616）威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的剧作家之一，代表作品有：•《哈姆雷特》：探讨了人性的矛盾和命运的无常，是世界戏剧史上最重要的作品之一。
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英美文学欣赏知识点100句1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensiverealistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.首次在英国文学，中世纪英国社会的全面逼真的画面，创造了从各行各业生动的人物整体画廊是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。
2. Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry.乔叟被看作是英国诗歌之父。
3. The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer.3.英雄对联的诗体被引入英国诗歌和诗与真正的轻松和魅力，第一次在英国文学的杰弗里·乔叟的历史就业。
4. The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether.4.坎特伯雷故事呈现生动的人物整体画廊，朝圣者的队伍，来自各行各业，其中包括31名成员共有人。
5. Generally,Renaissance refers to the intellectual movement during the period between 14th and mid-17th centuries,its essence was humanism.5.一般来说，文艺复兴是指智力运动在14和中17世纪之间的时期，它的本质是人文精神。
6. English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama.6.英国文艺复兴时期的诗歌和戏剧的时代。
7. William Shakespeare’s writing is widely regarded as one of the three main sources of the English literature,while the other two are Greek and Roman myths and the Bible.7.威廉·莎士比亚的创作被广泛认为是英语文学的三个主要来源之一，而另外两个是希腊罗马神话和圣经。
8. William Shakespeare leaves a great body of literary works to the world,including 37 plays,154 sonnets and 2 narrative poems.8.莎士比亚叶文学作品到世界各地，包括37部戏剧，154首十四行诗和2叙事诗的巨大的身躯。
9. In reading Shakespeare,you must have come across the line “To be or not to be -- that is the question ”by Hamlet in Hamlet.9.在读莎士比亚，你一定遇到过线“生存还是毁灭- 这是个问题”哈姆雷特哈姆雷特。
10. “So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,/So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.”10.“只要人们能呼吸，或眼睛可以看到，/只要生命这一点，这赋予生命给你。
”(Shakespeare,“Sonnet18”)The word “this”refers to poetry.（莎士比亚，“Sonnet18”）这个词“这”指的是诗歌。
11. Shakespeare’s four great tragedies include Hamlet,King Lear,Othello,and Macbeth,usually considered as some of the finest works in the English language. 11.莎士比亚的四大悲剧哈姆雷特包括，李尔王，奥赛罗，麦克白和，通常被认为是一些最优秀的作品，在英语。
12. In Romeo and Juliet,Shakespeare’s humanism is evidently seen in his praise of human love and in his defiance of feudal discord.12.在罗密欧与朱丽叶，莎士比亚的人文主义明显的看出他的人爱的赞美和他的封建不和谐的蔑视。
13. A sonnet is a poem of 14 lines,usually in iambic pentameter,with rhymes arranged according to a certain definite patterns.13.十四行诗是14号线一首诗，通常在抑扬五音，与按一定的图案明确安排押韵。
14. Francis Bacon’s words,“Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested; that is,some books are to be read in parts; others to be read,but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention,”describes the importance of reading,and different ways to deal with different books as well.14.弗朗西斯·培根的话来说，“有些书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
也就是说，有些书是要读的部分;别人要读，但不奇怪;而少数则须全读，并用勤劳和关注，“描述了阅读的重要性，以及不同的方式来处理不同的书籍为好。
15. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 meant the supremacy of Parliament, the beginning of modern England and the triumph of the principle of political liberty. 15.光荣革命在1688年议会的意思，现代英国的开头和政治自由的原则，胜利至上。
16. Metaphysical poetry refers to the works of the 17th-century writers who wroteunder the influence of John Donne,with the general theme of carpe diem.16.形而上学诗指的是17世纪的作家谁约翰·多恩的影响下写的，有及时行乐的总主题的作品。
17. John Donne in his poem “The Flea”claim that killing the lover,the flea and thus committing sacrilege constitute“three sins”.17.约翰·多恩在他的诗“跳蚤”声称，杀死情人，跳蚤因此犯下亵渎构成“三宗罪”。
18. Epic is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in a formal and elevated style,and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, nation or the human race.18.史诗是一个严肃的话题很长的叙事诗，告诉在正式和高架的风格，并集中于一个英雄或半神的人物，他们的行动取决于一个部落，民族或人类的命运。
19. Enlighteners believed that freedom,democracy,and reason are the primary values of society.19.启蒙认为，自由，民主和理性是社会的基本价值观。
20. In Robinson Crusoe,Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a naive&simple youth into a mature&hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his 28 years of living on an isolated island.20.鲁宾逊漂流记，迪福痕迹罗宾逊的增长从一个天真和简单的青年到一个成熟和硬化的男人，被无数的试验中在28年生活在一个孤岛的锻炼。
21. In Robinson Crusoe,the hero Crusoe teaches a slave name Friday to speak English and believe in God and eat like a civilized man.21.鲁宾逊漂流记，主人公鲁滨逊教一个从属名称周五说英语，相信上帝和吃的像一个文明人。
22. The revolutionary enthusiasm of the bourgeois revolution and the bitter hatred for the despotic ruler are best shown in the works of John Milton.22.资产阶级革命和痛恨的专制统治者的革命热情是最好的显示在约翰弥尔顿的作品。