2018上海对外经贸大学翻硕考研权威分析
上海对外经贸大学2018年攻读学术型硕士学位研究生招生简章
上海对外经贸大学2018年攻读学术型硕士学位研究生招生简章上海对外经贸大学（原上海对外贸易学院）创办于1960年，原系国家对外贸易经济合作部直属高等学校，1994年划归上海市领导。
学校于1985年开始招收研究生，1986年经国务院学位委员会批准成为具有硕士学位授予权的大学。
现拥有应用经济学、外国语言文学、工商管理、法学等4个一级学科硕士点；国民经济学、区域经济学、金融学、国际贸易学、产业经济学、统计学、数量经济学、金融工程、保险学、国际经济、国际投资、民商法学、诉讼法学、经济法学、国际法学、知识产权法、世界贸易组织法、马克思主义中国化研究、英语语言文学、法语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、会计学、企业管理、旅游管理、技术经济及管理、财务管理、审计学、市场营销、商务信息管理、会展经济与管理、人力资源管理、跨国供应链管理、法律硕士（法学）、法律硕士（非法学）、翻译硕士（英语笔译）、翻译硕士（英语笔口译）、国际商务、会计、金融和MBA等共计41个二级硕士学位授予点，其中，应用经济学、工商管理为上海市高原学科；国际贸易学、外国语言学及应用语言学、金融学、企业管理和产业经济学为上海市重点学科。
除了招收统考研究生外，还接受在职人员以研究生毕业同等学力申请硕士学位。
2018年我校拟招收学术型硕士研究生500名左右，我校各学术型招生专业均可接收推免生（各专业实际接收的推免生名额见10月下旬研究生院网站）。
最终招生总人数以国家教育部发展改革委员会正式下达的招生计划文件和生源状况确定。
招生专业目录及各专业拟招生人数详见研究生院网站另行公布的“2018年硕士研究生招生目录及参考书目”和“2018年各专业学制及联系方式”，仅供参考。
一、培养目标培养有社会主义觉悟和爱国情怀，有比较扎实的经济学理论基础和知识结构，有比较强的外语沟通能力，有经贸、管理、金融、法律和人文等多方面的综合素质，能够运用理论研究实践，解决实际问题的复合型和应用型高级人才。
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研过来人经验分享
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研过来人经验分享今年英语这科出题难度一般，选择题20分基本都是经贸英语（由于本人是国际贸易专业出身，完全HOLD的住；ps：选择题出题有误！）；病句改错难度很一般；4篇阅读难度一般，虽然第二篇的搭配题有一点点费脑子，分析两遍也能确定答案；作文延续了13年的折线图风格，不过相对来说更容易写，字数规定是300至350，比2013年合理；英语翻译基础是我们考MTI的考生无论如何要极端重视的一科，学弟学妹们复习时，千万要把这一科当作重中之重（~我这不废话吗）！首先是30分的词语英汉互译和缩略词，每一部分都有考过的题，真题固然重要，复习时必须拿过来从头到尾背个无数遍！去年考到counter trade，我没写出来，让我耿耿于怀，今年又考counter trade！（对销贸易），有点造化弄人轮回千百的感慨~；英译汉部分，讲发达经济体和新兴市场经济体当下面临的政策挑战，分三小段，长度适中（2013年的长度让我当场慌了神），难度偏易，在个别专业词语上有难度，比如那个新兴经济体要避免“cleaning”，我就不会，结果翻成了“出清”（我自己都不知道“出清”是什么意思）；汉译英部分，材料给的是中国和意大利之间通过“丝绸之路（the Silk Road）”的联系，要翻译郎世宁、利玛窦等的人名，还有威尼斯和喀斯特地貌，这些个词真心不会翻——平时根本不会准备非经贸类的词汇，这是今年对外经济贸易大学翻译这科最大的变化，不过文章整体上属于非常简单的文体，适于自由发挥（2013年汉译英考政府工作报告那种类型的文章，去年没复习，考的时候太纠结，还好今年没考这种束缚考生翻译水平的文体）。
今年汉译英中“桂林山水甲天下”和“上有天堂下有苏杭”两个谚语（或习语）我分别处理成“the mountains and rivers of Guilin top the whole world”和“Suzhou and Hangzhou are the heavens on the earth”,当是只能这么对付着按意思来翻译；百科和写作，百科复习完全就是投入大产出小，靠的就是运气和知识积累，这种知识积累太缥缈，虽然我去年没复习好，这科也考了120不高不低的分，但今年还是重点地整理了笔记（涉及：《西方文化史》、《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》、《英美文学和概况》），归纳了应用文的十几种类型并搜罗了一众范文；虽然2013年没考《西方文化史》这本书的内容，4号晚我也在努力背我自己总结的《西方文化史》笔记，随便看了看各种文体的格式；可一开考立刻傻眼了~选择题出的真是太“高中”水平了，问你，欧洲最高的峰，最长的河，跨经线最多的大洋，这种地理知识在我平时复习时根本不做重点~（还好本人有点基础）；不过，虽然出了10道以上的“非文史类”题，但剩下的题目完全都是可以复习到的；西班牙戏剧之父是哪位（维嘉）等都在我自己总结的资料中有体现；10分的名词解释给了9个词语，有联合国、货物贸易、服务贸易等，自选4个，每个2.5分，反正平时没准备，也没法准备，就直接下定义，找特点，挣个辛苦分吧；小作文450字以上写贷款申请，大作文800字以上属于命题作文，只要正常发挥，注意格式和卷面整洁，给分还是很正常的。
对外经济贸易大学2018年英语语言文学专业考研介绍
第二外国语 272 二外俄语 大学俄语《东方》（新版）1~3 册 外研社 史铁强 273 二外法语 《简明法语教程》（上下）商务印书馆 孙辉 274 二外德语 《新编大学德语》1~4 册 外研社 朱建华
北鼎教育，专注北外考研及全国外语专业考研辅导！
275 二外日语 《新版中日交流标准日本语》（初级上下册、中级上册）人民教育出版社 277 二外西班牙语 《现代西班牙语》（1、2 册）外研社 董燕生
一、专业介绍
北鼎教育，专注北外考研及全国外语专业考研辅导！
对外经济贸易大学 2018 年英语语言文学专业考研介绍
英语语言文学专业，下设两个方向：
1．英美文学方向 通过研究生阶段的学习，使学生具有扎实的英语基本功、较深厚的文化文学基础和人文
素养，了解国际商务的相关知识和技能，以及英美文学文化、历史和宗教等，能用正确的英 文从事学术写作，撰写相关学术论文，成为社会需要的从事英美文化研究和国际文化产业的 高级人才。主要研究方向为欧美文学文化、传记叙事文学、国际文化创意等。
④861 综合英语
注：761 基础英语及 861 综合英语由院校自主命题。761 基础英语主要考查英语基础知识和 基本功，861 综合英语主要考查语言运用能力。以上两门专业课考试均不涉及各研究方向相 关知识。
参考书目具体如下：
专业课 761 基础英语 《英美散文选读》（一）（二）（第二版）对外经济贸易大学出版社 2014 年 8 月 蒋显璟 861 综合英语 《新英汉翻译教程》 清华大学出版社 2011 年 6 月 罗选民
2．国别研究（2018 年新开设方向）
二、专业目录及参考用书
专业代码及名 称
研究方向
拟招生 人数
考试科目
①101 思想政治理论
贸大翻硕-对外经济贸易大学mti翻译硕士考研笔记
贸大翻硕-对外经济贸易大学MTI翻译硕士考研笔记列位考研的同窗们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，此刻已经顺利的考上对外经济贸易大学，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的笔记，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家必然的帮忙。
advance his or her promotion提前晋升adverse factors不利因素4adverse selection逆向选择advisory capacity咨询能力Advisory committees咨询委员会advisory panels咨询小组advisory services咨询服务advocacy powers and capacities主张权利和能力affordability 负担能力★after-sales support售后支持★★after-tax profits税后利润After-tax return税后收入★age cohort年龄层age group年龄组ageing population人口老龄化agglomeration economy集聚经济★★★★贸大翻硕-对外经济贸易大学MTI翻译硕士考研笔记2021年考研专业课温习安排及方式问题一：专业课温习的温习进度及内容安排回答一：专业课的温习通常在9月或更早就要开始了，集中温习一般放在11月－12月左右。
在温习的初期主如果对课程的大致内容进行了解，可能要拿出一个月的时间对所有的内容进行一下梳理，最好所有的章节的可能内容都在脑中留有印象，然后再结合历年试题，掌握命题的重点，把考过的知识点和考过几遍都在书上做出标记，把这些作为温习的重点。
接下来的就是熟记阶段，这个阶段可能要持续两个月的时间。
在这段日子里要通过反复的背记来熟练掌握专业课的知识，理清知识脉络。
专业课的辅导班也通常会设在10月初或11月，若是报了补习班，可以趁这个机缘查验一下自己的温习结果，而且进一步增强对知识点的印象。
在面对繁多的温习内容的时候，运用行之有效的温习方式是超级重要的。
上海对外贸易学院MTI初试经验心得分享
上海对外贸易学院MTI初试经验心得分享2013年上海对外贸易学院MTI 初试经验心得分享从决定考研到现在，在论坛潜水两年，满眼看到的都是名校的经验帖，回忆帖，鲜有上海对外贸易学院的帖子，那我就来做13年的第一个。
开门见山吧，本人今年二战，经过2年的准备，积攒有充足的实战经验，不管是成功的还是不成功的。
所以，昨夜临时决定写下这篇文章，以滋后人。
下文字字珠玑，望指点学弟学妹，少走弯路，错路。
一、选择上外贸的原因首先，懂行的人都知道，学英语，尤其是考英语研究生，最理想的地方无外乎三个地方，北上广。
为什么这样说，原因只有一个，英语是一个与经济因素联系紧密的学科。
经济发达的地方英语的用途也就越广。
当然，除非你的职业理想是做教师。
上海，中国第一大城市，国际性大都市，经济中心，文化繁荣。
在这儿一年见得世面也许比内地三年见得还要多。
各种展览，活动，各种用英语的地方。
目前，上海确实有许多著名高校办的翻硕专业风生水起，然而报考它们的难度也是可想而知。
上外贸，其毕业生一直在上海地区认可度较高，因为有对外经贸的特色，毕业生找工作也有很大优势。
听学长说上外贸的师资也挺给力的，研究生老师里不乏有来自欧盟口译司的国际职业翻译官。
学校也在去年花大钱购买了专业的口译和笔译训练设备，给学生们创造了很好的学习环境。
如果你是尖子生，当然推荐你考上交，复旦，上外这些名校。
如果你基础一般，本科一般，又希望在研究生时期逆袭人生，上外贸可以是首选。
而且上外贸已经连续多年要调剂生，这就意味着一志愿被直接录取的几率很大。
而且今年上外贸也扩招了，笔译从30增加到了60人，说不准明年还会继续扩招。
而且上外贸的翻硕公费名额一直是70%。
有人也许这样说：本来还不火，你这样一说明年就火了。
那请记住：好学生还是会报考好学校的，愿意一志愿报上外贸的同学大部分都是本科一般，三本或学习一般的同学，所以只要你复习备考期间能够踏实坚持，一定能从普通的竞争者中脱颖而出，顺利被录取。
2018年对外经济贸易大学国民经济学考研复试科目复试分数线复试参考书复试经验
2018年对外经济贸易大学国民经济学考研复试科目复试分数线复试参考书复试经验启道考研网快讯：2018年考研复试即将开始，启道教育小编根据根据考生需要，整理2017年对外经济贸易大学中国世界贸易组织研究院020201国民经济学考研复试细则，仅供参考：一、复试科目（启道考研复试辅导班）二、复试通知（启道考研复试辅导班）一、复试时间和地点(体检由研招办统一安排，届时查看研究生院主页通知)1、复试资格审查：3 月 22 日上午 8：30;审查地点：科研楼 503，核对考生报考信息、准考证等，收取学历证书复印件、身份证复印件。
2、笔试时间：3 月 22 日上午 09：00;笔试地点：科研楼 505。
3、面试时间：1)世界经济：3 月 22 日上午 10：05;面试地点：科研楼 517;候考地点：科研楼 505。
2)国民经济学：3 月 22 日下午 13：30;面试地点：同上。
二、复试考查的重点和目的重点在于考查考生的经济学专业基础知识，临场反应能力和思维逻辑，以选拔高素质的、符合本专业培养要求的学生。
三、复试规则1、坚持公开公正、程序公开、统一标准、择优录取、宁缺毋滥的原则。
2、严格实行差额复试，复试成绩不合格者，不予录取。
3、实际录取人数可能与招生计划人数不一致，最终录取结果将根据初试复试加权总成绩确定。
4、复试时间：一般不低于 15 分钟/人。
四、复试方式及评分标准1、复试方式：笔试+面试，其中笔试和面试成绩各占复试成绩的 30%和 70%;2、复试内容：1) 专业知识基础(笔试)：满分为 30 分。
2) 英语听力和口语(面试)：满分 30 分。
3)综合素质(面试)：满分 40 分。
3、加权总成绩计算办法按照初试、复试成绩加权计算总成绩，并按照总成绩进行排名择优差额录取，初试和复试成绩的权重为 70%和 30%。
计算总成绩时，初试成绩要转化为百分制。
例如：考生初试成绩为 380 分(500 分制)，复试成绩百分制为 80 分(100分制)，则加权总成绩为 380÷5×70%+80×30%=77.2。
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题搜集与难度分析
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题搜集与难度分析一、百科知识，解释划线词1.韩素音的著作《伤残的树》描写了一个世纪前，一位比利时女子被瓷器中的中国吸引，远嫁重洋，落户动乱、饥饿的四川。
半个世纪前，她的长着高鼻梁、黑眼睛的混血女儿，历时15年，用手中的笔，书写了一部给外国人看的家族史，这是一部纠结着血缘传承、习俗差异、民族矛盾的复杂家族史，更是一部扎根在自己家族，涉及曾国藩、义和团、袁世凯、基督教、共产党的波澜壮阔的民族断代史。
2.钱钟书先生的笔记中不仅包括了《诗经》、《论语》、《史记》、《全唐诗》、《全宋词》、《红楼梦》等经典，更大量涉及历代文人诗文别集、笔记小说、野史杂谈、尺牍日札。
多种形制、各类语体的读数笔记曾伴随钱钟书走南闯北，历经风雨，充分展现了钱先生的国学水平。
3.一方面，新兴市场国家，如金砖四国，希望注资IMF。
据消息人士称，IMF需要3500亿美元来帮助西班牙和意大利等国渡过债务危机。
但西方国家认为，这次注资不应该通过减少西方国家的投票权(增加新兴市场国家的投票权会降低西方国家的投票权)来损害西方国家的利益。
4.加拿大央行行长卡尼表示，希腊问题十分重要，但鉴于更大国际背景，欧洲问题严重性甚于希腊，G20峰会需要认真解决发达国家经济弱点。
5.参加德班气候大会的中国代表团官员8日表示，随着中国“十二五”期间加强控制温室气体排放，中国有望建立自己的碳排放交易系统(ETS)。
6，还有戛纳，欧元区，新闻界的“走，转，改”具体文段想不起来。
二、应用文写作应用文写作纪念辛亥革命一百周年征稿启事写清标题，正文，落款要求有四条1.征文目的，对象，用途，意义2.征文题材体裁字数3.征文起止日期评奖办法4.邮寄方式联系人地址5.不少于450字三、大作文写作：阅读下面一则故事，写一篇800字以上短文；题目：略谈说话的艺术美国的心理学家和人际关系大师卡耐基每个季度都要在纽约的一家大旅馆租用大礼堂用以讲授社交训练课程。
对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案解析
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教育赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
对外经济贸易大学2011年翻译硕士(MTI)真题翻译硕士英语Part1:Vocabulary and Grammar.（30P）01.The Space Age____in October1957when the first artificialsatellite was launched by the Soviet Union.A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedmenced02.John said that he didn’t quite____and asked me to repeat whatI had said.A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out03.When he tried to make a____,he found that the hotel that he wantedwas completely filled because of a convention.plaintB.claimC.reservationD.decision04.A budget of five dollars a day is totally____for a trip roundEurope.A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid05.In our highly technological society,the number of jobs for unskilledworkers is____.A.shrinkingB.obscuringC.alteringD.constraining06.The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be___by thisdevice.A.ignitedB.lightedC.firedD.inspired07.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time____the last bus.A.to have caughtB.to catchC.catchingD.havingcaught08.Frankly speaking,your article is very good except for some____mistakes in grammar.A.obscureB.glaringC.trivialD.rare09.As it turned out to be a small house party,we____so formally.A.needn’t dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.needn’t have dressed up10.Certain species disappeared or became____as new forms arose that were better adapted to the Earth’s changing environment.A.feebleB.extinctC.massiveD.extinguished11.I apologize if I____you,but I assure you it was unintentional.A.offendB.had offendedC.should have offendedD. might have offended12.Franklin D.Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy’s____flaws.A.underliningB.vulnerableC.vulgarD. underlying13.Although a teenager,Fred could resist____what to do and what not to do.A.to be toldB.having been toldC.being toldD.to have been told14.I am afraid that you have to alter your____views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.A.indifferentB.distressingC.optimisticD. pessimistic15.Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage____avoided.A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been16.Stop shouting!I can’t hear the football____.A.judgmentB.interpretationmentaryD. explanation17.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true____it comes to classroom tests.A.beforeB.asC.sinceD.when18.Every member of society has to make a____to struggle for the freedom of the country.A.pledgeB.warrantyC.resolveD.guarantee19.David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much____to those who compete well.A.prestigeB.regimeC.superiorityD.legislation20.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens,set to____when itarrived in New York.A.go offB.get offe offD.carry off21.The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only____familiarity with technology.A.in quest ofB.by means ofC.in terms ofD.by virtue of22.By signing the lease we made a___to pay a rent of$150a week.A.conceptionmissionmitmentD. confinementPart2:Identify Stylistic Problems.（18P）01.By the time Julia Roberts was23,she had won two academy award nominations,she had also become the world’s most popular female actress.A.run onma spliceC.correctD.fragment02.Since then,Roberts has appeared in fourteen films.Most recently,“My Best Friend’s Wedding”and“The Conspiracy Theory.”A.fragmentB.choppyC.correctma splice03.She didn’t plan to become an actress.She wanted to be six feet tall.She wanted to be a veterinarian.She wanted to be happy and make others happy.A.fragmentma spliceC.choppyD.correct04.Although Julia Roberts has had much professional success.In spite of her trouble with several failed relationships.A.fragmentB.choppyma spliceD.correct05.Julia Roberts lives in Manhattan,not far from the apartment she once shared with her sister in Greenwich Village.A.fragmentma spliceC.correctD.run on06.She came to New York when she was seventeen.Because her older sister lived there and she was influenced by her sister.A.fragmentB.run onC.choppyma splice07.Roberts was raised in Georgia.Her parents ran a theater school there. Her sister and brother are also actors.The family was always short of money.A.fragmentB.choppyC.correctD.run on08.When Julia was four years old,her parents divorced.After eighteen years of marriage.A.fragmentB.run onC.choppyD.correctPart3:Reading Comprehension（30P）Passage AMany United States companies have,unfortunately,made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work.Since 1980the United States International Trade Commission（ITC）has received about280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments.Another340charge that foreign companies“dumped”their products in the United States at“less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are alleged,the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.Contrary to the general impression,this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped.As corporations begin to function globally,they develop an intricate web of marketing,production,and research relationships.The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect.Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States.If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States Company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States Company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States,since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt,used to device roads.The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations.The“United States”company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate,while the“Canadian”companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.01.The passage is chiefly concerned with______.A.arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporationsB.warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC.demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firms receive from the United States governmentD.advocating the use of trade restrictions for“dumped”products but not for other imports02.It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is which of the following?A.A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.B.A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.C.A foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.D.The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States.03.The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?A.It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.B.It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C.It cites a specific ease that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.D.It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.04.The passage warns of which of the following dangers?panies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.panies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.panies that are United States owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.panies that are not United States owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.05.According to the passage,the International Trade Commission isinvolved in which of the following?A.Investigating allegations of unfair import competitionB.Granting subsidies to eompanies in the United States that have been injured by import competitionC.Recommending legislation to ensure fair tradeD.Identifying international corporations that wish to build plants in the United StatesPassage BSince the late1970s,in the face Of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries,manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity—and therefore enhance their international competitiveness—through cost-cutting programs.（Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant.）However,from1978through1982,productivity—the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input—did not improve;and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following,they ran25percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier,post-1945upturns.At the same time,it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting,the more they lost their competitive edge.With this paradox in mind,I recently visited25companies;it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed.Manufacturing regularly observes a“40,40, 20”rule.Roughly4o percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure （decisions about the number,size,location,and capacity of facilities）and in approaches to materials.Another40percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology.The final20percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting.This rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be tried.The well-known tools of this approach—including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter,not harder—do produce results.But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people.As Abernathy’s study of automobile manufacturers has shown,an industry can easily become prisoner of itsown investments in cost-cutting techniques,reducing its ability to develop new products.And managers under pressure to maximizecost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured.Production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output.This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation,but it has created a penny-pinching,mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so,in part,by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology.In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach; within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies,successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs.There is hope for manufacturing,but it clearly rests on a different way of managing.01The author of the passage is primarily concerned with______.A.summarizing a thesisB.recommending a different approachparing points of viewD.making a series of predictions02It can be inferred from the passage that the manufacturers mentioned in paragraph1expected that the measures they implemented would______.A.encourage innovationB.keep labor output constantC.increase their competitive advantageD.permit business upturns to be more easily predicted03.The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to ______.A.present a historical context for the author’s observationsB.anticipate challenges to the prescriptions that followC.clarify some disputed definitions of economic termsD.summarize a number of long-accepted explanations04.The author refers to Ahernathy’s study most probably in order to ______.A.qualify an observation about one rule governing manufacturingB.address possible objections to a recommendation about improving manufacturing competitivenessC.support an earlier assertion about method of increasing productivityD.suggest the centrality in the Unit States economy of a particular manufacturing industry05.The author’s attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as______.A.cautiousB.criticalC.disinterestedD. respectfulPassage CIt can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product.There are threegroups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process.First, there is the market segment—people who need the commodity in question. Second,there is the program target—people in the market segment with the“best fit”characteristics for a specific product.Lots of people—may need trousers,but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers.Finally,there is the program audience—all people who are actually exposedto the marketing program without regard to whether they need or want the product.These three groups are rarely identical.An exception occurs in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable.Such customers,allsharing a particular need,are likely to form a meaningful target,for example,all companies with a particular application of the product in question,such as high-speed fillers ofbottles at breweries.In such circumstances,direct selling（marketing that reaches only the program target）is likely to be economically justified,and highly specialized trade media existto expose members of the program target—and only members of the program target—to the marketing program.Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different.Typically, there are many rather than few potential customers.Each represents a relatively small percentage of potential sales.Rarely do members of a particular market segment group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target.There are substantial differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics.Even with all the past decade’s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer goods is rare,and mass marketing—-a marketing approach that aims at a wide audience-remains the only economically feasible mode.Unfortunately,there are few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the program target.Inevitably,people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.01.The passage suggests which of the following about highly specialized trade media?A.They should be used only when direct selling is not economically feasible.B.They can be used to exclude from the program audience people who are not part of the program target.C.They are used only for very expensive products.D.They are rarely used in the implementation of marketing programs for industrial products.02.The passage suggests which of the following about direct selling?A.It is used in the marketing of most industrial products.B.It is often used in cases where there is a large program target.C.It is not economically feasible for most marketing programs.D.It is used only for products for which there are many potential customers.03.The author mentions“trousers”in paragraph1most likely in order to______.A.make a comparison between the program target and the program audienceB.emphasize the similarities between the market segment and the program targetC.provide an example of the way three groups of consumers are affected by a marketing programD.clarify the distinction between the market segment and the program target04.“the product in question”in Line5,Paragraph2means______.A.“the product in the previous question”B.“the product under discussion”C.“the product on sale”D.“the product in doubt”05.It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true for most consumer-goods markets?A.The program target and the program audience are not usually identical.B.The program audience and the market segment are usually identical.C.The market segment and the program target are usually identical.D.The program target is larger than the market segment.Cloze TestMost economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market.__16__.A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter,established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious.__17__.In fact,price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides,as an effortless consequence of its own development,the price-fixing that it requires.Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size.Hence,a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers.That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories.__18__.Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting,because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms;it is not.Moreover,those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United states.These economies employ intentional price-fixing,usually in an overt fashion.Formalprice-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements coveringthe members of an industry are common-place.__19__,the countries thathave avoided the first and used the second would have suffereddrastically in their economic development.There is no indication thatthey have.Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices.In the early1970’s,the Soviet Union began to give firms and industriessome of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informalevolution has accorded the capitalist system.__20__;rather,Sovietfirms have been given the power to fix prices.A.But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needsthat it has in common with the other large firms competing for the samecustomersB.Consequently,nothing seems good or normal that does not accord withthe requirements of the free marketC.Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a returnto the free market.But Soviet firms are no more subject to pricesestablished by a free market over which they exercise little influencethan are capitalist firmsD.Accordingly,it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing（the determination of prices by the seller）as both“normal”andhaving a valuable economic functionE.Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market andinefficient about price-fixing-o.Part4:Writing.（30P）Write an English essay of250-300words describing Maslow’s hierarchyof human needs and analyze this model with ONE example.Your writingwill be assessed for language,format,structure and content.育明教育考研专业课第一品牌，考研信息可咨询育明教育官网政治【学科概述】不用因为政治纷繁复杂的知识点而担心政治会不过线，只要肯下功夫，60分是很容易达到的。
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2018上海对外经贸大学翻硕考研权威分析2018年上海对外经贸大学翻硕考研的同学们估计要开始备考了，本文系统介绍上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研难度，上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士就业，上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研辅导，上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研参考书，上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士专业课五大方面的问题，凯程上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士老师给大家详细讲解。
特别申明，以下信息绝对准确，凯程就是王牌的上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研机构！凯程考研咨询电话400-050-3680.一、上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研难度大不大，跨专业的人考上的多不多?总体来说，上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士招生量较大，考研难度不大，2015年上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士的招生人数为50人，包括英语笔译40人、英语口译10人。
复试比较简单，每年都有大量二本三本学生考取的。
根据凯程从上海对外经贸大学研究生院内部的统计数据得知，上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士的考生中90%是跨专业考生，在录取的学生中，基本都是跨专业考的。
在考研复试的时候，老师更看重跨专业学生的能力，而不是本科背景。
其次，翻译硕士考试科目里，百科，翻译及基础本身知识点难度并不大，跨专业的学生完全能够学得懂。
即使本科学翻译的同学，专业课也不见得比你强多少（大学学的内容本身就非常浅）。
所以记住重要的不是你之前学得如何，而是从决定考研起就要抓紧时间完成自己的计划，下定决心，就全身心投入，要相信付出总会有回报。
在凯程辅导班里很多这样三凯程生，都考的不错，主要是看你努力与否。
二、上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士就业怎么样？上海对外经贸大学人文学院师资力量强大，人脉资源广，学术氛围非常好，社会认可度很高，翻译硕士毕业的学生就业率高达90%以上，很值得考生们报考。
翻译硕士毕业生就业面非常宽广，可选择的余地很多。
有些考生朋友会关心，翻译硕士的就业范围既然这么广阔，那么毕业后的收入又会如何呢？据统计，如果是笔译项目，就英语语种来讲，目前市场给出的平均报酬大约为80～150元/千字，如果做的是合同翻译或者是法律翻译等一些技术含量较高的翻译，报酬甚至可以达到500元/千字以上。
口译译员的报酬相对来讲更加丰厚，而且是按照小时付工资。
初入行的交传译员报酬约为600～800元/小时，而同传译员更可达到1000元/小时以上。
随着经验不断地累积，译员的报酬会越来越高。
因此，翻译也是一类凭借经验取胜的工作。
三、上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士专业介绍上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士专业为全日制专业学位，英语笔译学费总额为4万元，英语口译学费总额为6万元，基本学习年限为2.5年。
初试考试科目如下：①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识四、上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研辅导班有哪些？对于翻译硕士考研辅导班，业内最有名气的就是凯程。
很多辅导班说自己辅导上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士，您直接问一句，上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士参考书有哪些，大多数机构瞬间就傻眼了，或者推脱说我们有专门的专业课老师给学生推荐参考书，为什么当场答不上来，因为他们根本就没有辅导过上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研，更谈不上有翻译硕士的考研辅导资料，考上上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士的学生了。
在业内，凯程的翻译硕士非常权威，基本上考清华上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士的同学们都了解凯程，凯程有系统的考研辅导班，及对上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士深入的理解，在上海对外经贸大学深厚的人脉，及时的考研信息。
凯程近几年有很多学员考取了上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士，毫无疑问，这个成绩是无人能比拟的。
并且，在凯程网站有成功学员的经验视频，其他机构一个都没有。
同学们不妨实地考察一下。
五、上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研参考书是什么上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士初试参考书很多人都不清楚，这里凯程上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士王牌老师给大家整理出来了，以供参考：初试参考书目：1、《高级英汉翻译》孙致礼上海外语教育出版社2、《高级汉英翻译》陈宏薇上海外语教育出版社3、《翻译概论》许钧外语教学与研究出版社4、《中国文化读本》叶朗外语教学与研究出版社5、《现代汉语语法研究教程》陆俭明北京大学出版社6、《汉语写作实用修辞》李绍林语文出版社复试参考书目：笔译1、《外事笔译》姜秋霞外语教学与研究出版社2、《翻译批评与赏析》仲伟合李明武汉大学出版社3、《翻译与跨文化交际》陈建平外语教学与研究出版社4、《翻译学导论——理论与实践》[英]杰里米•芒迪译者：李德凤等商务印书馆口译1、《基础口译》仲伟合王斌华外语与教学研究出版社2、《交替传译》任文外语与教学研究出版社3、《商务英语口译教程》朱佩芬徐东风中国商务出版社4、《商务口译》赵军峰外语与教学研究出版社提示：以上书比较多，有些书的具体内容是不需要看的，凯程授课老师届时会给大家详细讲解每个重点的内容，减少大家盲目复习。
六、上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士复试分数线是多少？2015年上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士复试分数线是345分，政治和外语最低52分；业务课一和业务课二最低78分。
复试内容为：笔试:翻译，口试：听力与面试。
考研复试面试不用担心，凯程老师有系统的专业课内容培训，日常问题培训，还要进行三次以上的模拟面试，确保你能够在面试上游刃有余，很多老师问题都是我们在模拟面试准备过的。
七、上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研的复习方法解读一、参考书的阅读方法（1）目录法：先通读各本参考书的目录，对于知识体系有着初步了解，了解书的内在逻辑结构，然后再去深入研读书的内容。
（2）体系法：为自己所学的知识建立起框架，否则知识内容浩繁，容易遗忘，最好能够闭上眼睛的时候，眼前出现完整的知识体系。
（3）问题法：将自己所学的知识总结成问题写出来，每章的主标题和副标题都是很好的出题素材。
尽可能把所有的知识要点都能够整理成问题。
二、学习笔记的整理方法（1）第一遍学习教材的时候，做笔记主要是归纳主要内容，最好可以整理出知识框架记到笔记本上，同时记下重要知识点，如假设条件，公式，结论，缺陷等。
记笔记的过程可以强迫自己对所学内容进行整理，并用自己的语言表达出来，有效地加深印象。
第一遍学习记笔记的工作量较大可能影响复习进度，但是切记第一遍学习要夯实基础，不能一味地追求速度。
第一遍要以稳、细为主，而记笔记能够帮助考生有效地达到以上两个要求。
并且在后期逐步脱离教材以后，笔记是一个很方便携带的知识宝典，可以方便随时查阅相关的知识点。
（2）第一遍的学习笔记和书本知识比较相近，且以基本知识点为主。
第二遍学习的时候可以结合第一遍的笔记查漏补缺，记下自己生疏的或者是任何觉得重要的知识点。
再到后期做题的时候注意记下典型题目和错题。
（3）做笔记要注意分类和编排，便于查询。
可以在不同的阶段使用大小合适的不同的笔记本。
也可以使用统一的笔记本但是要注意各项内容不要混杂在以前，不利于以后的查阅。
同时注意编好页码等序号。
另外注意每隔一定时间对于在此期间自己所做的笔记进行相应的复印备份，以防原件丢失。
统一的参考书书店可以买到，但是笔记是独一无二的，笔记是整个复习过程的心血所得，一定要好好保管。
八、上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研复习指导1．基础翻译英语：基础英语选择题考的特别细致，没有专门的教材，还是重在平时积累，凯程老师特别重视对于考生基础知识的积累。
凯程老师会对考生的阅读理解进行系统的训练。
阅读理解也是偏政治，偏“文”，凯程老师会重点训练学生的阅读速度和锻炼对长句子的理解能力，针对阅读答题技巧，凯程老师建议同学在作文方面可以拿类似的GRE题目多练练手。
凯程老师最后为大家总结一下，可以多积累类似于套路的句子和词汇，相信GRE范文上应该有挺多的，针对作文这方面，凯程老师也会对考生进行一系列的训练。
2．翻译硕士英语：对于翻译英语这门课凯程老师建议如下：翻译硕士基础这门课是需要下功夫的，英汉词条互译的部分完全需要你的积累，主要是词汇量和分析抓取能力。
凯程老师会对学生的这两个方面进行很完善的训练。
词组互译：大多考的都很常见，所以多看看中英文的报纸还是有好处的。
英汉：对文章的背景有一定的了解是最好的，如果没有，就需要体现出自身的翻译素养。
翻译也要注意文风，语气之类的，要符合原文的风格。
凯程老师也很重视答题技巧，在此凯程名师友情提示大家，最好在开头就能让老师看到你的亮点，不管怎样至少留下个好印象。
不管风格怎么变，翻译功底扎实，成绩都不会太差。
所以还是提高自己翻译水平，才能以不变应万变。
3．汉语写作与百科知识：先说说名词解释。
这道题考得知识面很全，可能涉及到天文、地理、历史、法律、政治、中外文学、中外文化、音乐、翻译专有名词等，准备起来比较棘手，但是凯程老师会给学生准备好知识库，方便学生复习。
百科的准备，一要广泛，二要抓重点，尤其要重视学校的参考书目，同时凯程也会提供凯程自己的教材及讲义来帮助大家。
接下来是应用文写作。
其实这个根本不用担心，常出的无非是那几个：倡议书、广告、感谢信、求职信、计划书、说明书等，到12月份再看也不晚。
但要注意一点，防止眼高手低，貌似很简单，真到写的时候却写不出来，所以还是需要练习的，凯程老师会在学生复习过程中对应用文的写作进行系统的训练。
另外，考试的时候也要注意格式、合理性，如果再加上点文采，无异于锦上添花。
最后说说大作文。
这个让很多同学担心，害怕到考场上无素材可写，或者语言生硬，拼凑一篇，毕竟大学四年，写作文的机会很少，早没有手感了。
所以，凯程老师会针对这种情况，让考生从复习开始时，就进行写作训练，同时也会为考生准备好素材。
最后，注意考场上字体工整，不要乱涂乱画，最好打上横线，因为答题纸一般是白纸。
九、如何调节考研的心态稳定的心态：其实我觉得只要做到全力以赴，然后中间不徘徊、不彷徨，认定目标，心态基本上都是稳定的，成功的学生，除了刚开始纠结于考不考得上这个问题紧张心绪不稳定之外，后来都挺稳定的，至少从表面上看上去是这样的，或许内心深处还是不太稳定的，而且偶尔还是会出现抓狂的情况，不过很快就好了。
效率与时间：要记住效率第一,时间第二，就是说在保证效率的前提下再去延长复习的时间，不要每天十几个小时，基本都是瞌睡昏昏地过去的，那还不如几小时高效率的复习，大家看高效的学生，每天都是六点半醒，其实这到后面已经是一种习惯，都不给自己设置闹铃，自然醒，不过也不是每天都能这么早醒来，一周两周都会出现一次那种睡到八九点的情况，我想这是身体的需要的，所以从来也不刻意强制自己每天都准时起来，这是我的想法，还有就是当你坐在桌前感觉学不动的时候,出去听听歌或者看看新闻啥的放松放松。
坚定的意志：考研是个没有硝烟的持久战，在这场战争中，你要时刻警醒，不然随时都会有倒下的可能。
而且，它不像高考那样，每天都有老师催着，每个月都会有模拟考试检验着。