让步状语从句

授课内容提纲：1. 复习U4单词，不规则动词。

2. U5语法讲解，练习巩固。

3. 中考链接4.一些易混淆的语法讲解，相应的练习题。

5.练习巩固提升一、语法讲解让步状语从句though/ although “尽管……即使……”连接词：although（尽管）, though（尽管）, however（无论怎样）, whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）, whenever（无论何时）, wherever （无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) （无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等。

注意：当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用. 这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。

在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

Although/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。

（谚语）Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.He is very old, but he still works very hard.虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。

例如： She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.( )1. ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unlessever if/even though即使We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.whether...or...表示“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”之意You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. Whether you believe it or not, it's true.“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……；不管……都……”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。

例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are,you must keep the law.( )1.—You bought the car about ten years ago—Yes. ______ it’s old, it still runs well.A. BecauseB. SinceC. AlthoughD. But( )2. _____ we gave him something to eat, he would save itup for his little sister. A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever( ) it rained heavily yesterday,____ he got to school on time.A butB /C and( )4. Alice is a good student ._____, she has one shortcoming.D. even if( ) spends a lot of money on clothes _______ her family isnot rich.( ) difficult the task may be, we will try our best to finishit.A. No matterB. No wonderC. ThoughD. However中考链接：( )1. ____it’s difficult to make her dream come true, she never gives up.A. ThoughB. UnlessC. BecauseD. If( ) they may not succeed, they will try their best.A. ThoughB. WhenC. BecauseD. Unless( ) Harry is only 10 years old, ________ he knows more about science than his brother. A. Though；/ B. Though；butC. Though；because( ) well you drive, you must drive carefully.A. No matter whereB. In order thatC. No matter howD. As soon as( ) hamburgers are junk food, many children like them.A. IfB. UnlessC. BecauseD. Although( ) brother and I look different ________ we are twins. A. unless B. as C. though D. because 一些易混淆的语法讲解:1.四个花费：spend，cost，take和pay的区别(1) spend time ／money on sth.在……上花费时间/金钱例：I spent two hours on this maths problem.spend time ／ money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事。

例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge.spend money for sth.花钱买……例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。

(2)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。

例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

(3)take后面常跟双宾语It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。

例：It took them three years to build this road.(4)pay的基本用法是：pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱(给某人)买……。

例：I have to pay them 20 dollars for this room each month.pay for sth.付……的钱。

例：I have to pay for the book lost. pay for sb.替某人付钱。

例：Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 习题：( ) 1. I have to ___ them 20 pounds for this room each month.A. payB. paidC. costD. took( ) 2. They spend too much time ___ the reportA. writingB. to writeC. on writingD. write ( )3. --What beautiful shoes you’re wearing! They must be expensive .--No，they only——l0 yuan． A．spent B．took C．paid D．cost( )4. --Will you please ____ for my dinner, Peter --Sure!A. spendB. payC. cost( ) 5. It will ____ me too much time to read this book.A. takeB. costC. spend( ) science book ____ me a great amount of money.A. tookB. costC. usedD. spent与any的区别：Some 的用法1. some : adj.（多用于肯定句、希望得到对法肯定回答的疑问句中）1）修饰可数名词复数，指三个或三个以上，“一些、若干”eg. Some children like playing in the park. Would you like some apples2）修饰不可数名词，“一些、若干”eg. There is some water in the bottle. Would you like some tea or coffee2. some: pron. “一些人、一些物；有些人、有些物”eg. There are many people in the park. Some are walking. Some are talking.eg. Some of the dumplings are made of shrimps( 虾, 小虾).二. Any 的用法1. any: adj.（多用于否定句、疑问句）1）修饰不可数名词，“任何量的” eg. Can you speak any French 2）修饰可数名词复数，“任何数目的人或物”eg. I didn’t eat any apples. eg. Are there any stamps in the drawer3）用于肯定句中修饰单数可数名词，“任何一个”eg. Give me a pen ---any pen will be OK.2. any: pron. “任何一个人/物” eg. She didn’t spend any of the money.总结：表示一些时，some用于肯定句和希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中；any用于否定句和疑问句中.1. There are ( ) newspapers on the table.2. Is there ( ) bread on the plate3. Are there ( ) boats on the river4. ---Do you have ( ) brothers ---Yes, I have two brothers.5. ---Is there ( ) tea in the cup---Yes, there is ( ) tea in it, but there isn’t milk.6. I want to ask you ( ) questions.7. My little boy wants ( ) water to drink.8. There are ( ) tables in the room, but there aren’t ( ) chairs.9. Would you like ( ) milk10. Will you give me ( ) paper3. A few / few & a little / little的区别1. There is _______ water in the glass. Let's go and get some.A. fewB. muchC. manyD. little2. We still have _______ apples in the basket. You don’t haveto buy any.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little3. I am new here. So I have _______friends here.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little4. There is _______ money in my pocket, so I can’t buy anything now.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a littlepeople know where Phillip lives. Only his parents can tell us.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a littleis_______ ink in my bottle, can you give me_______ ink A. few, a few B. little, a little C. a little, little D. a little, a little7. I enjoy my life here. I have_______ friends and we meet quite often.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little二、练习提升语法选择Once, a king loved music so much that he searched the world for the best instrument. One day, a magic man __1__ the king a harp(竖琴).The king took it to the palace, but __2__he played it, theharp sounded terrible. Many __3__ people tried it. They agreed that the harp was __4__ and the king had been fooled. The harp was thrown out as rubbish.A poor little girl __5__ found the harp, and even though she didn’t know how __6__ it, she decided to have a try. She played and played, the whole day through, for months and years. The music she produced was never perfect, __7__ each time it sounded a little better.Then one day, suddenly, the harp started to play the most beautiful music. It was in fact __8___magic harp, and could only be played well by someone who would put in the necessary effort.The king heard the music from his window, and called the girl to the palace. When the king saw that she was playing his old harp, he was filled __9__ joy. At that moment he made the girl his own private __10__, giving her and her family many riches.( )1. A. offer B. offers C. offered D. has offered( )2. A. when B. before C. if D. because( )3. A. another B. other C. others D. the other( )4. A. used B. using C. useless D. uselessness( )5. A. late B. lately C. latest D. later( )6. A. played B. to play C. playing D. to playing ( )7. A. so B. and C. or D. but( )8. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( )9. A. in B. of C. by D. with( )10. A. music B. musical C. musician D. musically完型填空Kierman was born in Sydney, Australia, and grew up near the sea. For more than 40 years, he raced in international sailing competitions.In 1987, Kierman was competing in an around-the-world race when he began to __1__ the huge amount of rubbish in the world’s oceans. When he returned to Australia, he __2___ to do something about it.He organized a community __3__ called “Clean Up Sydney Harbour.” On Sunday, January 8, 1989, more than 40,000 volunteers came out to __4__ away rubbish. The next year,Kierman made the clean-up a national event. It was a huge __5__ .Across Australia, about 300,000 people spent the day improving their local __6___ .Since then, “Clean Up Australia” has got __7__ every year. In 2002, for example,800,000 people cleaned up almost 15,000 tons of rubbish from Australia’s beaches, parks and streets.Kierman was __8___ with the success of his project. In 2003, he started an even bigger program. With the__9__ of the United Nations Environment P rogram, he introduced “Clean Up the World”, an international program that supports communities around the world in cleaning up and protecting the environment. “Clean Up the World” has grown __10__ and his wonderful idea has now spread from one city to the whole world. ( )1. A. save B. collect C. notice D. produce( )2. A. refused B. decided C. pretended D. stopped( )3. A. law B. party C. company D. event( )4. A. clear B. send C. turn D. give( )5. A. problem B. success C. surprise D. failure( )6. A. culture B. project C. government D. environment ( )7. A. older B. smaller C. bigger D. faster( )8. A. happy B. angry C. disappointed D. concerned ( )9. A. need B. help C. hope D. action( )10. A. loudly B. gently C. rapidly D. busily阅读理解Most of us probably live without vegetables, but a world without chocolate Now that would be hard! According to chocolate makers it could happen if we don’t act soon. There are two main causes of the chocolate shortage --- chocolate’s growing popularity and less production of cocoa, the plant from which chocolate is made. With more and more people in India and China loving chocolate, not much can be done about the first cause.Therefore, the only thing we can do is to increase cocoa production. However, new plant diseases and little rain in Ivory Coast and Ghana, the world’s largest producers, have reduced cocoa production by 40 percent in the past 10 years.What’s worse, many cocoa farmers in Africa and other cocoa-producing countries like Indonesia and Venezuela are changing to easier-to-grow crops such as corn or rubber. This way, the farmers can make more money.To prevent more farmers from changing, researchers at the newly opened International Cocoa Control Centre, in the UK, are trying to create new cocoa plants that are stronger and faster growing. But first they must make sure the new plants are safe to grow. This takes a long time. First, each new plant is stored at the Control Centre for six months to make sure it is healthy. It is then planted in the Centre’s fields, studied and tested for another two years. Only after scientists are certain that they’re disease-free, will the plants be sent to farmers in West Africa or wherever else they are needed. To create new stronger types of cocoa, scientists at the Centre are combining the best parts from different cocoa plants. Though the world is facing a serious chocolate shortage, there is now hope!( )1. The first paragraph tells us that______.A. chocolate is healthier than vegetablesB. the worldcould soon be without chocolateC. people love vegetables more than chocolateD. it’s not necessary to eat so much chocolate( )2. In which countries has chocolate become more popular in recent yearsA. Venezuela and Indonesia.B. Ivory Coast and Ghana.C. Indonesia and China.D. China and India.( )3. Cocoa farmers are choosing to grow rubber and corn because these crops______.A. can make them more moneyB. need less rain to growC. can be planted more times each yearD. are not damaged by plant diseases( )4. How long does it take scientists at the Centre to make sure a cocoa plant is safe to growA. 6 months.B. 12 months.C. 24 months.D. 30 months. ( )5. What is one of the purposes of the Cocoa Control CentreA. To introduce cocoa production to more countries.B. To provide more chocolate for British people.C. To produce stronger types of cocoa plants.D. To make sure that cocoa is healthy to eat.。