「精品」初中人教版七年级英语一般过去时

「精品」初中人教版七年级英语一般过去时
「精品」初中人教版七年级英语一般过去时

一般过去时

【概念引入】

I. 何时使用一般过去时?

一般过去时表示在过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如:Lin Tao left for Shanghai at 8:00 yesterday morning.

林涛昨天早上八点去上海了。

He was ill last night.

昨晚他生病了。

它可以具体分为以下几种情况:

1)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

例如:Li Tao always went to work by bus last term.

上学期李涛一直乘公共汽车上班。

2)表示已故的人曾经做过的事情。

例如:Lao She wrote many great works.

老舍写过许多脍炙人口的作品。

3)表示过去所发生的一系列的动作。

例如:The old man came into the room, took off his clothes and went to bed.

这位老人走进屋,脱下衣服,然后上床睡觉了。

Mr. Black got up at six o'clock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work. 布莱克先生今天早上六点起床、穿衣服、吃饭,然后去上班了。

II.如何识别一般过去时?

每个时态都会有其独特的标志性词语(主要是时间状语),我们可以称其为“标志词”。一般过去时常见的标志词有:

1. yesterday, the day before yesterday.

2. last week / year / month / term …(简称last系列)

3. two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago…(简称ago系列)

4. in / on + 过去的年/月/日,如in 1999, on April, 2005

5. just now, once upon a time, one day…

【用法讲解】

Ⅰ. be动词的一般过去时。

在使用一般过去时的句子中,如果句子的谓语是be动词,就要将be动词变为过去式。主语是第一、第三人称单数,be用was;如果是第二人称或者其他人称复数,be用were。它的一般疑问句是把was (were)提到句首;否定句是在was(were)的后面加not。特殊疑问句是在一般疑问句的前面加特殊疑问词。

例如:My mother was busy last night. 我的妈妈昨天晚上很忙。(肯定句)

We weren’t at school at that time. 那时我们不在学校。(否定句)

Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗?(一般疑问句)

Where were you last night? 你昨天晚上在哪里?(特殊疑问句)

注意:there be句型中be动词的使用。

当主语是单数名词或者不可数名词时be动词用单数;当主语是名词复数时be动词用复数。

例如:There was a strong wind just now. 刚才有一阵强风。

There were many people in the supermarket last night. 昨天晚上超市有很多人。

Ⅱ. 行为动词的一般过去时。

1)基本用法。

谓语动词是行为动词的句子,在一般过去时中,要将作谓语的行为动词变成过去式。行为动词的

过去式,一般情况下是在动词原形的后面加-ed构成,没有人称和数的变化。

例如:I wanted to have a rest just now. 我刚才想休息一下。

它的否定句要在谓语动词的前面加助动词didn’t,此时,谓语动词要变成原形。

例如:My mother watched TV last night. 我妈妈昨天晚上看电视了。(肯定句)

My mother didn’t watch TV last night. 我妈妈昨天晚上没有看电视。(否定句)2)行为动词的过去式的构成。

在一般过去时的句子中,行为动词过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。

规则变化有:

(1) 一般在动词的后面加-ed。例如:work-worked,look-looked。

(2) 以字母e结尾的动词,直接在词尾加-d。例如:like-liked,live-lived。

(3) 以重读闭音节结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。例

如:stop-stopped。

(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把字母y变为i再加-ed。例如:worry-worried。

不规则变化有:

do/does-did,go-went,write-wrote,see-saw,

begin-began,have/has-had等。

注意:在英语中不符合变化规则的词很多,要特殊记忆。

例如:They left the farm a moment ago. 他们刚刚离开农场。

He swam in the river and had a good time.

他在小河里游泳并且玩得很开心。

3)行为动词的一般疑问句。

谓语动词是实义动词,一般疑问句要借助于助动词did。句型为:Did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 宾语?其回答仍借助于助动词,肯定回答用did,否定回答用didn’t。

例如:— Did he watch TV last night? 他昨晚看电视了吗?

—Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. 是的,他看了。/ 不,他没有看。

4)行为动词的特殊疑问句。

行为动词的特殊疑问句句式是:“疑问词+ did + 主语+实义动词+ 其他?”

What did you do the day before yesterday? 前天你们做什么了?

When did the Green family arrive? 格林一家什么时候到达的?

拓展:常见的特殊疑问词有:

人用who,whom;物用what;地点用where;时间用when,what time;原因用why;频率用how often;长度用how long;距离用how far等。

例如:They went there last Sunday. (对划线部分提问)

When did they go there?

The boy stayed in Beijing for two years. (对划线部分提问)

How long did the boy stay in Beijing?

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