国际会计学第六版_cha
国际会计学课件cha6 Foreign Currency Accounting
• To record foreign currency tranctions.
• The expanded scale of international investment increases the need to transfer accounting information from one country to users in others.
• *6.Foreign currency . • A currency other than the currency of the country being referred to; A currency other than the reporting currency of the enterprise being referred to. • 外币:特定国家的非本国货币;特定企业的非报告货 币. • *7.Foreign currency financial statement. Financial statement that employ foreign currency as the unit of measure. • 外币财务报表:以外币作为计量单位的财务报表.
• ２.Indirect exchange rate (quote) • (Receivable Quote 应收法） • It is the reciprocal(倒数）of the direct quote, the price of a unit of domestic currency in terms of the foreign currency. It would take approximately 0.1639 U.S dollar to acquire 1 Chinese yuan .
国际会计准则课程教学大纲
《国际会计准则》课程教学大纲一、课程性质国际会计准则是会计专业硕士学位学生的一门专业选修课。
开课学期在第二学期。
先修课程有高级财务会计专题、税务会计专题等课程。
二、教学目的使学生了解国际范围内会计准则的基本模式和内容，通过本门课程的学习，进一步了解国际会计准则变迁的背景和过程，了解国际范围内会计准则的主要模式和主要差异，对比国际准则与我国会计准则概念框架、具体准则的差异相同点。
三、教学要求根据教学内容、学生特点及学时安排，采取课堂授课、案例分析、分组讨论等相结合方式组织教学，要求学生阅读大量的相关资料，完成相关的学习、讨论等教学环节，培养学生的独立研读能力。
四、教学内容及学时分配课程内容与学时分配五、授课方式、课程考核及成绩评定授课方式采用学生参与方式教学方式。
要求对具体准则部分分小组讨论、小组课堂讲解，其他学生和老师提问方式构成。
考核方式为课程论文平时成绩占总成绩比例为30%，期末考试占70%。
平时成绩的构成：课堂小组讨论占平时成绩50%，平时作业占50%。
六、推荐教材和教学参考书七、教学具体内容和要求第一章引言一、基本要求了解国际会计准则的发展基本内容和发展情况。
二、授课方法教师讲授和学生自学相结合。
三、教学内容（一）国际会计准则的界定1.广义国际会计准则2.狭义的国际会计准则（二）课程安排和教学过程设计（三）国际会计准则的内容和变迁过程1.国际会计准则的产生2.国际会计准则的变迁（四）正在进行的全面修订四、重点难点1.国际会计准则改组的原因；2.国际会计准则的变迁过程。
五、思考与讨论1.国际会计准则与美国会计准则是如何握手言和的？2.你如何理解我国的国际协调化？3.你如何看待协调化和差异化问题？第二章国际会计准则的发展与变迁一、基本要求了解国际会计准则中国际准则、美国会计准则、中国会计准则的发展基本内容和发展情况。
二、授课方法三、教学内容（一）国际会计准则的变迁过程1.国际会计准则的产生2.国际会计准则的变迁3.国际会计准则变迁的特点（二）美国会计准则的变迁过程1.美国会计准则的产生2.美国会计准则的变迁3.美国会计准则变迁的特点（三）中国会计准则的变迁过程1.中国会计准则的产生2.中国会计准则的变迁3.中国会计准则变迁的特点四、重点难点1.国际会计准则变迁的特点和动因；2.美国会计准则的变迁特点和动因；3. 国际会计准则变迁的特点和动因；4.目标导向、原则导向、规则导向差异和特点；五、思考与讨论1.国际会计准则如何演变为国际会计发展中霸主地位的？2.国际会计准则的模式是什么？3.美国会计准则的主导模式是什么？4.美国产生财务丑闻与会计准则导向选择之间关系如何？5.你认为我国应当采用何种准则导向？为什么？第三章国际会计概念框架及比较一、基本要求了解国际会计准则中国际准则、美国会计准则、中国会计准则的概念框架的基本内容和差异。
国际会计international_accounting--cha.1
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More and more enterprises list in US stock market 阿里巴巴 京东 More and more foreign enterprises come to china 大众 福特 百思买 How to overcome difficulties of language, different accounting principles, culture, financing regulations,taxation
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English Class
Accounting professor not English professor Oral English/ accounting Written English / accounting
– Assignment or Case analysis – Presentation – Final exam
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Definition of accounting Accounting, is an information system of interpreting, recording, measuring, classifying , summarizing, reporting and describing business economic activities with monetary unit as its main criterion.
Course objective 2, 3
Accounting Classification and Models Around the World America, England Europe Germany current liability 4 International Accounting Harmonization or Convergence IFRS international financial reporting standard
国际财务管理(原书第六版)名词解释(中山大学教师赵慧敏)
写在前面：1. po主是中大管院学生，这学期修的【国际财务管理】（英文原书第6版）；科目叫【国际金融】。
期末考试有考【名词解释】但是书上虽然每章最后给出了key words却没有释义，整理它们浪费了很多复习时间。
考完试了，就把整理的内容传上来【遗泽余芳】。
2. 条目按照【赵慧敏】老师划出的重点整理，所以并不全面，不过也涵盖大半。
如果是同样修习赵老师课程的学弟学妹，可以直接参考这篇整理稿子，不过打字不易，望能【购买】后下载使用。
其他不考名词解释的同学，考前复习此文也必然有所帮助。
3. 【名词解释】并非是解释名词，本文内容全部来自整理过的原书内容，如European Monetary System我不会解释定义是什么，但是会涵盖它建立的内容（这也是书中重点介绍的东西）4. 由于是【国际金融】而非【国际财务管理】课程，有些原书章节（1、4、8、9、10）选择性跳过5. 纯手打，可能有错误，请自行纠正。
【手打、整理辛苦，请购买下载使用】Chapter 2Bimentallism: a double standard in that free coinage was maintained for both gold & silver.Bretton Woods system: each country establish a par value in relation to the US dollar, which was pegged to gold at 35 dollar per ounce.European Montary System(EMS):a. To establish a "zone of monetary stability" in Europe.b. To coordinate exchange rate policies vis-a-vis the non-EMS currencies.c. To pave the way for the eventual European montary union.Exchange Rate Mechanism(ERM): refers to the procedure by which EMS member countries collectively manage their exchange rates.Gold standard:a. gold alone is assured of unrestricted coinage.b. there is two-way convertibility between gold and national currencies at a stable ratio.c. gold may be freely exported or imported.International monetary system: Bimentallism; Gold standard; Inter war period; Bretton Woods system; Flexible exchange rate regime.Gresham's Law: "bad" money drives out "good" money.Chapter 3Balance of payments(BOP): the statistical record of a countries' international transactions over a certain period of time presented in the form of double-entry bookkeeping.BOPI(indentity): BCA(current account)+BKA (capital account)+BRA(reserves account)=0capital account: includes all purchases and sales of assets such as stocks, bonds, bank accounts, real estate and businesses.current account: includes the exports and imports of goods and services.factor income: the third category of the current account, consists largely of payments and recepts of interest, dividends and other income on foreign investments that were previously made.J-curve effect: The curve shows the initial deterioration and the eventual improvement of the trade balance following a depreciation.official reserve account: covers all purchanses and sales of international reserve assets such as dollars, FX, gold, and special drawing rights.official settlement: we compute the cumlative BOP including the curved account, capital account, and the statistical discrepancies, we obtain the so-called overall balance or official settlement.trade balance: represents the net merchandise export.Chapter 5ask/bid price: Inter bank FX trades buy currency for inventory at the bid price and sell from inventory at the higher ask price.cross-exchange rate: is an exchange rate between a currency pair where neither currency is the US dollar.direct quotation: the price of one unit of the foreign currency in US dollar.indirect quotation: the price of one US dollar in the foreign currency.exchange-trade fund(ETF): is a portfolio of financial assets in which shares representing fractional ownership of the fund trade on an organized exchange.foreign exchange(FX) market: includes the conversion of purchasing power from one currency into another, bank deposits of foreign currency, the extension of credit denominated in a foreign currency, foreign trade financing, trading in foreign currency options and future contracts, and currency swaps.forward market: contracting today for the future purchase or sale of foreign exchange.forward premium/dicount: lt is common to express the premium or discount of a forward rate as an annualized percentage deriation from the spot rate.spot market: involves almost the immediate purchase or sale of foreign exchange.swap transaction: provide a means foe the bank to mitigate the currency exposure in a forward trade.(avoid risks)trangular arbitrage: is the process of trading out of the US dollar into a second currency, then trading it for a third one which is in turn traded for US dollars, the purpose to earn arbitrage profit.Chapter 6efficient market hypothesis(EMH): If the current assets prices fully reflect all the available and relevant information, financial market are said to be efficient.forward expectations parity(FEP): Any forward premium or discount is equal to the expected change in the exchange rate.Interest rate parity(IRP): is a no-arbitrage condition representing an equilibrium state under which investors will be indifferent to interest rates available on bank deposits in two countries.international fisher effect: is a hypothesis in international finance thatr suggests different in nominal interest rates reflect expected changes in the spot exchange reats between countries.Law of one piece: a good must sell for thr same price in all lacations.purchasing power parity: the exchange rate between two currencies should be equal to the ratio of the countries price levels.random walk hypothesis: today's exchange rate is the best predictor ofr tomorrow's exchange rate.uncovered interest rate parity: the interest rate differential between a pair of countries is equal to the expected rate of change in the exchange rate.Chapter 7American option: can be exercised at any time during the contract.call/put: An option to buy the underlying asset is a call; to sell the underlying asset is a put. European option: can be exercised only at the maturity or expiration date of the contact. exercised price(striking price): the stated price paid is known as the exercise price.futures: a future contract has standardized features and is exchangetraded, that is, traded on organized exchanges rather than over the counter.in-the- money: S T>E (C AT=C ET=Max[S T - E, 0). which will be exercised.initial performance bond: must be deposited into a collateral account to establish a future position.maintenance performance: If the investor's performance bond account falls below a maintenance performance bond level, additional funds must be deposited into the account to bring it back to the initial performance bond level in order to keep the position open.market-to-market: daily at the settlement price.open interest: This is the total number of short or long contracts outstanding for the particular delivery month.option: a right to buy or sell a given quantity if asset in the future.time value: The difference between the option premium and options' instrinsic value( which is nonnagetive.)Chapter 11Bank capital adequacy: refers to the amount of equity capotal and other securities a bank holds as reserves against risky assets to reduce the probability of a bank failure.Eurobank: Banks accepting Eurocurrency deposits.Eurocurrency: is a time deposit of money in an international bank located in a country different from the country that issued the currency.International Banking Facility(IBF): is a scpatate set of asset and liability account that are segregated on the parent bank's books; it's not a unique physical or legal entity.London Interbank Offered Rate(LIBOR): the reference rate in London for Eurocurrency deposits.negatiable certificate of deposit(NCD): kind of deposit has lower rate of LIBOR, but can be tarded freely.offshore banking center: is a country or region whose banking system is organized to pemit extenal accounts beyond the normal economic activity of the country.Chapter 12Bearer Bonds: are bonds with no registered owner. As such they offer anonymity but they also offer the same risk of loss as currency.Dual-Currency Bonds: A straight fixed-rate bond, with interest paid in one currency, and principal in another currency.Euro Bonds: is one denominated in a particular currency but sold to investors in national capital markets other than the country that issued the denominating currency.Floating-rate notes (FRNs): are typically medium-term bonds with coupon payments indexed to some reference rate.Foreign bond: is one offered by a foreign borrower to the investors in a national capital market and denominated in that nation's currency.Global bond: A global bond is a very large international bond offering by a single borrower that is simultaneously sold in North America, Europe and Asia.Market makers: stand ready to buy or sell for their own account by quoting two-way bid and ask price.Registered bonds : the owners name is registered with the issuer.Straight fixed-rate bond: have a designated maturity date at which the principal of the bond issue is promised to be repaid.Chapter 13American Depository Receipts (ADRs):It is a receipt that represents the number of foreign shares that are deposited at a U.S. bank.Cross-listing:refers to a firm having its equity shares listed on one or more foreign exchanges. Limit order: An order to your broker to buy or sell at the at a price you want, when and if he can. Market order:An order to your broker to buy or sell share immediately at the market price. Yankee stock: The direct sale of new equity capital to U.S. public investors by foreign firms.Chapter 14Currency swap: one counterparty exchanges the debt service obligations of a bond denominatedin one currency for the debt service obligations of the other counterparty denominated in another currency.Quality spread differential (QSD): represents the potential gains from the swap that can be shared between the counterparties and the swap bank.Single-currency interest rate swap: one counterparty exchanges the interest payments of a floating-rate debt obligation for the fixed-rate interest payments of the other counterparty.Swap bank: is a generic term to describe a financial institution that facilitates swaps between counterparties.ps.words in red are the questions of 2013's final exam.。
国际财务管理学第六版许艳芳
国际财务管理学第六版许艳芳引言国际财务管理是现代经济领域的重要研究方向之一。
随着全球化的深入发展，国际贸易和投资规模不断扩大，财务管理在国际化背景下的挑战也越来越多。
许艳芳教授的《国际财务管理学第六版》是该领域的经典教材之一。
本文将对该教材进行综合介绍。
第一章国际财务管理的基础概念第一章主要介绍国际财务管理的基本概念和重要性。
作者通过对国际财务管理的定义、发展历程以及研究方法的讨论，帮助读者建立起对国际财务管理的整体认识。
- 国际财务管理的定义 - 国际财务管理的发展历程 - 国际财务管理的研究方法第二章国际金融市场与汇率第二章介绍国际金融市场的组成和功能，以及汇率的基本概念和影响因素。
作者详细分析了不同国家间货币的汇率形成机制和变动原因，为后续章节的学习打下基础。
- 国际金融市场的组成和功能 - 汇率的基本概念和分类 - 汇率的影响因素和变动原因第三章跨国公司的财务目标第三章重点讨论跨国公司的财务目标和风险管理。
作者通过对不同财务目标的比较和分析，介绍了传统财务目标与现代财务目标之间的区别和联系，并讨论了跨国公司如何管理汇率和利率风险。
- 传统财务目标与现代财务目标的比较 - 跨国公司的财务目标和风险管理 - 汇率和利率风险管理策略第四章国际金融市场与金融工具第四章重点介绍国际金融市场的各种金融工具和交易方式。
作者通过具体案例分析，帮助读者理解金融市场的运作机制和交易方式，并介绍了国际证券市场、外汇市场和衍生品市场的特点和参与者。
- 国际证券市场和股票交易 - 外汇市场和汇率交易 - 衍生品市场和风险管理工具第五章国际财务报告与分析第五章主要介绍国际财务报告的基本概念和要求，以及财务分析的方法和技巧。
作者通过对国际财务报告准则和标准的解读，帮助读者理解和使用财务报表进行分析和决策。
- 国际财务报告的基本概念和要求 - 财务分析的方法和技巧 - 国际财务报告的解读与分析结论《国际财务管理学第六版》通过系统而全面地介绍了国际财务管理的理论和实践知识。
会计基础第六版知识点总结
会计基础第六版知识点总结第一章会计的概念和作用1.1 会计的概念会计是通过核算、报告和分析企业经济活动，为内外部利益相关方提供决策依据的一门信息系统。
1.2 会计的作用财务会计和管理会计是企业内部用于决策和管理的两个重要分支，提供对内外部利益相关方的决策依据。
第二章会计要素和会计要素关系2.1 会计要素的内容会计要素包括资产、负债、所有者权益、收入和费用。
2.2 会计要素关系资产=负债+所有者权益，收入-费用=利润。
第三章会计核算基础3.1 会计等式资产=负债+所有者权益，是会计核算的基础。
3.2 会计分录会计分录是根据交易和事项的原始凭证，经过科目、借贷相等的规则，将交易和事项分录到会计账户中的一种记录方式。
第四章会计科目和会计账户4.1 会计科目的分类会计科目包括资产类科目、负债类科目、所有者权益类科目、成本类、收入类和费用类科目。
4.2 会计账户的设立和作用会计账户是会计科目的集中表现形式，是会计核算的基本载体，对每个会计科目进行记录。
第五章会计账簿和账务处理5.1 会计账簿的种类会计账簿包括日记账、总账、明细账、分类账等。
5.2 会计分录和填制账簿会计分录是根据凭证填写账簿的过程。
第六章会计常用凭证和凭证填制6.1 会计凭证的种类会计凭证包括收款凭证、付款凭证、转账凭证、转销凭证、记账凭证等。
6.2 凭证填制凭证填制是根据交易和事项的原始凭证，按照一定的会计规则，填写和审核凭证，进行会计核算的过程。
第七章会计账务处理流程和核算方法7.1 会计账务处理的流程会计账务处理包括出纳业务、领料业务、还款业务、开发票业务、验收业务、盘点业务、报账业务等。
7.2 核算方法核算方法包括历史成本核算法、可变成本核算法、标准成本核算法、直接成本核算法、间接成本核算法等。
第八章会计报表的编制8.1 资产负债表的编制资产负债表是以资产、负债和所有者权益为主体，反映企业财务状况的一种财务报表。
8.2 损益表的编制损益表是通过对企业收入和费用进行核算，用来反映企业经营成果的一种财务报表。
国际会计学第六版chapter-2
Reveals what group members have in common, and What distinguishes groups from each other
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Choi/Meek, 6/e
Development
Sources of finance – who, how many, how close? Equity markets
Choi/Meek, 6/e
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Development (contin)
Taxation
Must companies record revenues and expenses in their accounts to claim them for tax purposes?
Are financial accounting and taxation the same? Or are they different?
Choi/Meek, 6/e
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Development (contin)
Linking the two:
Choi/Meek, 6/e
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Classification
Four approaches to accounting development (Mueller 1967)
Macroeconomic approach
Choi/Meek, 6/e
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Classification
Helps understand why and how national accounting systems differ. Helps analyze whether these systems are converging or diverging. Are a way of viewing the world.
Cha1_国际收支
复式记帐法
出口属贷方项目、进口属借方项目 本国居民为他国提供劳务属贷方、反之 属借方 本国居民收到国外转移属贷方 本国居民购买外国资产属借方 外国人归还贷款属贷方 官方储备减少属贷方项目
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两个原则
凡是引起本国从国外获得货币收入的交 易记入贷方，而该笔交易的货币收入记 为借方。 凡是引起外汇供给的经济交易记入贷方， 引起外汇需求的经济交易记入借方。 可以理解交易有两个阶段：一个阶段是 交易本身，一个阶段是回款，方向相反。
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货币性失衡
在一定的汇率水平下，一国的物价与成本高于其他国 家，必然不利于出口而有利于进口，从而使经常项目 顺差减小或逆差增加。反之，一国的物价与成本低于 其他国家，必然有利于出口而不利于进口，从而使经 常项目顺差增加或逆差减少。 这种由货币政策导致的相对价值变化而引起的国际收 支失衡，称为货币性失衡。一般地，一国通货膨胀将 导致经常项目的顺差减少或逆差扩大，一国通货紧缩 将导致经常项目顺差增加或逆差减少。货币性失衡主 要是由通货膨胀或通货紧缩引起的。
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第二种情况
第二种情形说明本国产品在国际市场上 仍然具有竞争力，但国内资本市场缺乏 吸引力，国内资本外流严重，这将导致 本国企业遭受通货紧缩，生产能力无法 提升，影响经济长期增长，并导致失业 率的增加与本国货币的贬值。
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第三种情况
第三种情况说明本国需求旺盛，但本国 企业盈利前景与竞争力不足，需求旺盛 只不过是一种历史累积需求的释放。本 国处在一个经济高泡沫时期，在需求与 资本市场双重泡沫下，国内资金将大规 模出逃，非常可能引发金融危机，经济 危机的后果是本国经济大幅下滑，本国 资本市场面临崩盘的危险，本国货币有 可能大幅贬值。
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accounting issues
CRC – Accounting Regulation Committee
Converts CNC rulings and recommendations into binding regulations
Business combinations – purchase accounting
Goodwill – annual impairments test
Investments in associates – equity methial statements of foreign
International Accounting, 6/e
Frederick D.S. Choi Gary K. Meek
Chapter 3: Comparative Accounting: Europe
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Learning Objectives
Understand how financial reporting is regulated and enforced in five European countries: France, Germany, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, and the U.K.
Generally, IFRS consolidated statements are permitted for non-listed companies.
Requirements for individual company financial statements vary – IFRS may be required, allowed, or prohibited.
LIFO （Last in, First out ）not allowed
Finance leases – capitalized; operating leases – expensed
Provisions – recognized when probable and estimable
Deferred taxes – recognized in full, using the liability method, for temporary differences between the carrying amount and tax base
Other influences on French accounting rules
Commercial legislation (Code de Commerce)
Tax laws
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France (contin)
Accounting regulation and enforcement CNC – National Accounting Board
operations – functional currency concept
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Assets valued at historical cost or fair value
Research costs – expensed; development costs – capitalized
Describe the audit-oversight mechanisms in these five countries.
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IFRS in the European Union
Starting in 2005, all EU-listed companies must follow IFRS in their consolidated financial statements.
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France
Overview
“The Plan” – national uniform chart of accounts (national accounting code)
Objectives and principles of financial reporting Definitions of elements Recognition and valuation rules Standardized chart of accounts Model financial statements
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IFRS (contin)
IFRS are based on fair presentation principles
IFRS may be overridden in rare circumstances to achieve fair presentation
Accounting measurements
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AMF – Financial Markets Authority Supervises securities markets
OEC – Institute of Public Accountants Represents the accounting profession Members prepare financial statements, and provide tax, information systems, and management advisory services
Describe the key similarities and differences between the accounting systems of these five countries.
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Identify the use of International Financial Reporting Standards at the levels of the individual company and the consolidated financial statements in these five countries.