江苏大学研究生英语总结--下学期
江苏大学研究生英语整理
Unit 1 General Description of Literature Reading and Translation 1. Definition of LiteratureLiterature is a general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations.2. Classification of Literature1) Textbooks(教科书)：In general, a textbook is a kind of professional writing specially designed for the students in a given branch of learning.2) Monographs(专著)：A monograph is an artide or short book on one particular subject or branch of a subject that the writer has studied deeply.3) Papers(论文)：A complete paper is usually composed of the following elements: title, author, affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, theoretical analysis and/or experimental description, results and discussion or conclusion, acknowledgments, references, etc.4) Encyclopedias(百科全书)：An encyclopedia is a book or set of books dealing with every branch of knowledge, or with one particular branch, in alphabetical order.5) Periodicals(期刊)：A periodical is a series of publications that appear at regular intervals.6) Special Documentation(特别文件)：Special documentation refers to all the printed materials that are non-books or non-periodicals.3. Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature1) Stylistically(在文体上), literature is a kind of formal writing.2) Syntactically(在语句构成上), scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures, andin most cases is rather unitary.3) Morphologically(在词法上), scientific literature is featured by high specialization, the useof technical terms and jargons, unambiguous implication and the fixed sense of the word.4) Besides, non-verbal language is also very popular in various literatures such as signs, formulas, charts, tables, photos, etc.4. Discussion4. How do you understand Mr. Yan’s three-word guide xin, da, ya ? What’s your opinion onthe principles or criteria of translation?Xin, da, ya namely, “faithfulness (信), expressiveness (达), and elegance (雅)”. The principles and criteria of translation are actually the two sides of the same coin. On the part of the translator, he or she should follow them while translating; whereas on the part of the reader or critic, he or she may use the principles and criteria to evaluate translation works.Accuracy (准确) and smoothness (流畅).5. What are literal translation（直译）and free translation（意译）? And what principles should a translator abide by in applying them?Literal translation means not to alter the original words and sentences. To keep the sentencesand style of the original .Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning andspirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.In the application of literal translation, we should endeavor to rid ourselves of stiff patterns and rigid adherence to translation rules, trying to be flexible; while in the practice of free translation, we should be cautious of subjectivity, avoiding groundless affirmation or arbitrary fabrication.Unit 2 Professional Papers1. Definition of professional papersA professional paper is a typewritten paper in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic.2. Classification of professional papers1) Report Paper：The report paper summarizes and reports the findings of another on a particular subject.2) Research paper：A research paper can be intelligent, well informed, interesting, and original in its conclusions.3) Course Paper：Course papers are written after a specific course is learned or are designed at the end of a term, also called “term paper”.4) Thesis Paper：Unlike report papers, the thesis paper takes a definite stand on an issue. A thesis is a proposition or point of view that a writer or speaker is willing to argue against or defend.3. Linguistic Features of Professional Papers1) Formal Style（正式性）：A professional paper deals with the study of some objective facts or problems, and the conclusion that is drawn should be based on relevant data, not on personal likes and dislikes. Generally speaking, formal writing sets an unusually high value on objectivity, meticulousness, accuracy, and restraint.2) Specialized Terms（专业性）：The terms in professional papers are typically specialized.3) Rigid Sentence Structure（严谨的句式结构）：The arguments in professional papers will be concisely and concretely.4) Formatted Elements（固定的内容格式）：A complete professional paper usually has a regular format composed of the following elements: the title, author(s), affiliation(s), abstract, keywords, introduction, body of the paper (theoretical description including calculation, inference, reasoning, conclusion, etc. or experimental description including techniques, methods, materials, results and analysis, etc.), acknowledgments, appendices, references or bibliography, etc.5. Diction(1)This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.（event）这场战争将成为这一代人经历的最重大的事件。
江苏大学研究生英语总结--下学期
江苏大学研究生英语总结--下学期考试题型：一．回答问题二．文体对比stylistic features: subjective(主观的)/objective(客观的)三．语篇分析---textual development /analogy四．语篇改写句子和句子之间衔接词语少了There are numerous reasons for……at first, …….secondly,….In addition, /additionally,/furthermore, …/what is more,Unit 1 General Introduction to Professional Paper Writing1.1 Classification of professional paperA professional paper is a formal printed document in which professionals present their views and research findings on any deliberately chosen topic.1)Report paper读书报告2)Research paper 研究论文3)Course paper课程论文4)Thesis paper(Dissertation)学术论文1.2 General Characteristics of English Academic Writing StyleGenerally, English Academic writing is:1) complex(复杂)--Written language is relatively more complex than spoken language2) formal(正式)--Academic writing is relatively formal. Formal writing doesn’t use contractions, colloquialisms and slang.3) impersonal and objective(客观)--Written language is in general objective rather than personal. It therefore has fewer words that refer to the writer or the reader. This means that the main emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make, rather than you.4) explicit(清楚)--Academic writing is explicit about the relationships in the text. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are related.5) accurate(准确)--Academic writing uses vocabulary accurately. Most subjects have words with narrow specific meanings.6) cautious or tentative(用词谨慎)7) responsible(负责)---Academic writing refers to information from a range of print, digital and other sources, all of which must be clearly referenced in your text references other writers’ work. Question & Exercises：Read the following two passages and try to find out the stylistic features of each.Answer:Compared with these two passages, I find that there are differences in styles,passage 1 is informal, subjective, for example: ―I’m......‖，―don’t......‖While the second passage is a scientific research paper, it’s formal, objective and complex, for example,(长句，被动语态等）(subjective---objective, simple---complex, for example......) Unit 2 Title, Author/Affiliation and Keywords2.1 Titles2.1.1. General functions1). Generalizing the Text (总结全文)2). Attracting the Reader (吸引读者)3). Facilitating the Retrieval (方便检索)2.1.2.Linguistic Features做分析题时候，可以根据下面的格式进行分析。
研究生核心英语学习总结
研究生核心英语学习总结
引言
在研究生阶段，英语学习是非常重要的一部分，不仅仅是学术研究的需要，更是拓宽国际视野、加深学术交流的桥梁。
总结研究生核心英语学习的经验和方法，帮助研究生在英语学习上取得更好的进步。
英语学习方法
1. 课堂学习
在研究生阶段，学校可能会英语课程，包括听、说、读、写等方面的训练。
多参加课堂讨论，积极提问，加强口语表达能力。
2. 自主学习
除了课堂学习外，自主学习也是非常重要的。
可以通过阅读英语文章、听英语广播、看英语电影等方式来提高英语水平。
3. 刻意练习
针对自己的英语弱点，进行刻意练习。
比如，如果口语表达不流利，可以多找机会和外国人交流，多练习口语。
学术论文写作
1. 英语写作规范
在撰写学术论文时，要遵守英语写作规范，包括句子结构、逻辑连贯、用词准确等。
可以多参考已发表的学术论文，学习其中的写作技巧。
2. 查阅英文文献
学术研究需要大量的英文文献支撑，因此要勤于查阅英文文献，获取最新的研究成果和观点。
学术交流
1. 学术会议
参加学术会议是提高英语交流能力的好机会。
在会议上可以和来自不同国家的学者进行交流，扩展自己的学术视野。
2. 学术讲座
多参加学术讲座，聆听专家学者的报告，提升自己的专业知识。
在讲座后可以和讲者交流，展示自己的学术见解。
研究生英语期末考试翻译总结
研究生英语期末考试翻译总结第一篇：研究生英语期末考试翻译总结以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的。
You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma,that is,out of sheer necessity.对于大自然的爱好，我是多方面的，我爱山，但更爱海。
I love diverse aspects of mother nature,but I love the sea more than mountain.读书的问题嘛，我愿说几句。
I would like to say a few words about reading.这几天心理颇不宁静。
I have felt quite upset recently.至于实在的情形，我心里自然记得的。
As for the true facts,of course,I can remember them.我们的城市在过去的十年里经历了翻天覆地的变化。
The past decade saw great changes of out city.希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。
It is hoped that shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。
It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.我突然想到一个主意。
An idea suddenly struck me.我给你打国际长途就跟给楼下的李姐打电话差不多，一拨就通。
An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to sister li downstairs.宗教不得干预政治。
2024年考研英语学习总结范文
2024年考研英语学习总结范文____年考研英语学习总结____年考研英语学习已经结束，回顾这一年的学习历程，我深感时间的宝贵和学习的艰辛。
通过这一年的努力，我在英语学习方面有了很大的进步，不仅提高了词汇量和语法水平，还提高了阅读和听力能力。
以下是我对____年考研英语学习的总结。
一、词汇与语法的积累在____年的英语学习中，我注重词汇和语法的积累。
为了拓宽自己的词汇量，我每天坚持背诵一定数量的单词，同时通过阅读英语文章来巩固所学的词汇。
此外，我还注意了解一些常用的语法规则，通过做语法题来提高语法的应用能力。
这些词汇和语法的积累为我的阅读和写作打下了良好的基础。
二、阅读和听力能力的提高在____年的英语学习中，我注重提高阅读和听力能力。
为了提高阅读能力，我每天都会选择一篇适当难度的英语文章来阅读。
在阅读过程中，我会仔细阅读并标记关键词，然后进行解题。
通过这样的训练，我逐渐提高了自己的阅读理解能力。
为了提高听力能力，我每天都会听一些英语新闻和英语电影，努力提高自己的听力理解能力。
在听力过程中，我会认真听取关键信息，逐渐提高自己的听力速度和准确度。
通过这样的训练，我在听力考试中取得了不错的成绩。
三、写作能力的培养在____年的英语学习中，我注重培养写作能力。
为了提高写作水平，我每天都会写一篇英语作文，并请老师或同学进行修改和指导。
同时，我还关注一些经典范文，学习它们的写作技巧和表达方式。
通过这样的写作训练，我逐渐提高了自己的写作能力。
四、模拟考试的实施在____年的英语学习中，模拟考试是我提高英语水平的重要手段。
每周，我都会进行一次模拟考试，包括阅读、听力、写作和翻译。
通过模拟考试，我可以了解自己的不足之处，并及时进行补充和提高。
在模拟考试中，我还会注意答题技巧，逐渐提高自己的应试能力。
五、学习方法的总结在____年的英语学习中，我逐渐总结出适合自己的学习方法。
一是积极参加英语学习班，通过听课和参与讨论，提高自己的英语水平。
研究生英语第二学期考试翻译总结
Unit 7ReadingP1Ever four years, when the Olympics roll around again, journalists seem automatically to recycle those misty-eyed notions about ”Good Old Days.”每逢四年一度的奥运盛会，记者们似乎总会自然而然地对“过去的好时光”产生一些模糊的概念。
They eulogize the original Greek Games as being pure and uncommercial.他们称颂古希腊奥运会的纯洁性和非商业性。
If we believe what we read, every ancient competitor was an amateur, and all worshipped fair play.要是相信他们所写的文章，那么古代每一个运动员都只是业余爱好者，都崇尚公平竞争。
P2As Lord Byron quipped: ”All times when old are good.”诗人拜伦有一句妙语，“无论是哪个时代，只要过去了就会变得美好起来。
”In fact, the mythology of a perfect Olympics is the modern invention of snobs and self-styled purists, perpetuated by sports writers and television commentators at a loss to fill air time.事实上，曾经有过完美的奥林匹克运动的神话只是现代的势利小人和一群自封为纯粹注意者的家伙杜撰，通过体育文章撰稿人和转播期间闲得发慌的电视评论员流传下来。
P3From as far back as Homer’s Iliad –which portrays games of the 12th century B.C. –Greek athletes cheated as a matter of course.早在荷马所著的《伊利亚特》一书中——一本描写在公元前12世纪举行的运动会的书——希腊运动员理所当然地在比赛中作弊。
(完整版)研究生英语综合教程-下课后习题答案(最新整理)
Unit OneTask 11. provinces b.2. woke a.3.haunt b.4.trouble a.5.weathers d.6.wakeb.7.coined c.8. trouble b.9.weather c. 10. province c. 11. coin a. 12. value a.13. haunts a. 14. has promised a. 15. trouble c. 16. coin b. 17. promise d, 18. values c.19. refrain b. 20. valued e. Task 21. tranquil2. ultimately3. aftermath4. cancel out5.ordeal6.drastic7. legacy8. deprivations9. suicidal 10. anticipated 11. preoccupied 12. adversities 13. aspires 14. nostalgia 15, retrospect Task 31. a mind-blowing experience2.built-in storage space3. self-protection measures4. short-term employmentI. A. entertainmentB. entertaining 2. A.attached B.attachment 3.A.historically B. historic 4. A. innovativeB. Innovations 5. A. flawed B. flawless6.A.controversy B. controversial7. A. revise B. revisions1. ethnic2.corporate3.tragic4. athletic5. underlie6. stack7. intrinsic8. revenue9. engrossed 10. award Task 31) revenues 2)receipts 3) economic 4)rewards 5)athletes6) sponsor 7)spectators 8) maintain 9) availability 10) stadiums 11) anticipated 12) publicityUnit ThreeTask 11. B 2, D 1 A 4, C 5, A 6.B 7,C 8. A 9.B 10. C Task2LA. discrete B. discreet C. discretion2.A. auditors B. auditorium C. audit D. auditory E. audited 1 A. conceptionB.contrivanceC. contriveD. conceive 4.A. giggling B. gasped C. gargling D. gossip5.A. affectionate B. passion C. affection D. passionate6.A.reluctant B. relentless C. relevant7.A. reverence B. reverent C. revere8.A. peeping/peep B.peered C. perceive D.poring Task31) gain 2) similarities 3) diverse 4)enrich 5) perspective6)discover 7)challenging 8) specific 9)adventure 10)enlightens 11) opportunities 12) memories 13) joyful 14) outweighs 15) span )Unit Four Task 11. D2.A3. B4.B5.D6. A7. C8. CTask 1 Step 1l)i 2)f 3)a 4)b 5)h 6)j 7)c 8)e 9)d 10)g Step 21)fidgety2)crushing3)pithy4) foraging5) definitive , 6)propelled7) applauded8) ubiquity9) duly10) curtail Task 21. above2.on3. to4.on5.on/about6. to 7 .with 8. at 9. on/about10. in Task 31. may have a subtle effect on2.provide free access toe-books3. isinthe midst ofa sea change4. has been onthe faculty ofHarvard University5.a voracious book reader6. you'll stay focused onit7. the conduit for information8.your check came asanabsolute godsend 9. lost the thread ofthe story 10. stroll through elegant proseUnit Five Task 11.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C11.B12D.13.D14.A15.BTask21.sheer2.slip3desert4. revenge5.sheered6. level7.deserted8.skirted9.protested10. duplicates11. level12. revenge13.skirt14. protests15.slip16.duplicateUnit Six Task 1I.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C lI.B 12.ATask21. Water isnot an effective shield2.engulfed inflames3. the rights ofsovereign nations4. outpaced its rivals inthe market5. There's no need tobelabor the point6. She invoked several eminent scholars7. from two embattled villages8. According tothe witness's testimony 9. Inspite ofour best endeavors10. After many trials and tribulationsTask21) remain2) childish3)reaffirm4)precious5)equal6)measure7)greatness8) journey9)leisure10) fame11) obscure12) prosperityUnit SevenTask1I.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.BTask21. patrons b.2.designated b.3. reference d.4. inclination c5. host d.6. diffusing b.7. host c8.inclination a.9. references c.10. patrons a. 11. reference a.12. host a.13. diffuses a. .14. designate a.15. designate c.Task31) alive2)awakened3) trip4)stone5)remains6)beyond7)records 8)social 9)across10) surrounding11) mental12) miracle13) having 14) failure15) participateUnit Eight Task 11.B2.D3. A4.B5.A6. D7. D8.A9. A 10. C Task21. A. outburst B.bursting C. outbreak2.A. adverse B.adversity C. advised3.A. distinguishes B.distinct C. distinguished4.A. sight/vision B. view C. outlook D. visions5. A. implicit B.implicit/implied C. underlying。
研究生英语学习个人学期总结
研究生英语个人学习期末总结
一、学习态度
1、态度端正，认真听讲，积极配合老师完成教学任务，努力学好基础英语课，为自己的专业英语能力打下基础。
2、遵守课堂纪律，不大声喧哗，不影响课堂纪律，影响老师、同学的上课效果。
3、不迟到不早退，不缺课不逃课，配合班长营造良好的学习氛围。
二、课堂表现
1、对于老师提出的问题认真思考，积极发言，大胆提出自己的观点。
2、积极主动参与英语小组讨论，与同组成员一起探究问题，探讨话题，各抒己见，合作学习。
三、学习任务完成
1、努力提高学习任务的完成质量和数量。
2、认真独立的完成老师布置的任务，作业，并及时上交，对于任务和作业上有需要改进的地方认真思考，请教老师同学，使自己从作业和任务中有所进步，提高英语综合能力。
四、预期学习结果
1、经过一学期的英语课程学习和自我训练，要敢于在班级同学面前展示自己，敢于用英语表达自己的观点，意见，提高自己的口语水平。
2、通过课外英语训练，要掌握2000或以上的英语六级词汇，提高英语听力水平，能基本听懂英语六级听力的内容，提高自己的英语阅读能力，为以后自己查阅专业英文文献打下基础。
五、实施计划方案。
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考试题型：一．回答问题二．文体对比stylistic features: subjective(主观的)/objective(客观的)三．语篇分析---textual development /analogy四．语篇改写句子和句子之间衔接词语少了There are numerous reasons for……at first, …….secondly, ….In addition, /additionally,/furthermore, …/what is more,Unit 1 General Introduction to Professional Paper Writing1.1 Classification of professional paperA professional paper is a formal printed document in which professionals present their views and research findings on any deliberately chosen topic.1)Report paper读书报告2)Research paper 研究论文3)Course paper课程论文4)Thesis paper(Dissertation)学术论文1.2 General Characteristics of English Academic Writing StyleGenerally, English Academic writing is:1) complex(复杂)--Written language is relatively more complex than spoken language2) formal(正式)--Academic writing is relatively formal. Formal writing doesn’t use contractions, colloquialisms and slang.3) impersonal and objective(客观)--Written language is in general objective rather than personal. It therefore has fewer words that refer to the writer or the reader. This means that the main emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make, rather than you.4) explicit(清楚)--Academic writing is explic it about the relationships in the text. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are related.5) accurate(准确)--Academic writing uses vocabulary accurately. Most subjects have words with narrow specific meanings.6) cautious or tentative(用词谨慎)7) responsible(负责)---Academic writing refers to information from a range of print, digital and other sources, all of which must be clearly referenced in your text references other writers’ work. Question & Exercises：Read the following two passages and try to find out the stylistic features of each.Answer:Compared with these two passages, I find that there are differences in styles,passage 1 is informal, subjective, for example: ―I’m......‖，―don’t......‖While the second passage is a scientific research paper, it’s formal, objective and complex, for example,(长句，被动语态等）(subjective---objective, simple---complex, for example......)Unit 2 Title, Author/Affiliation and Keywords2.1 Titles2.1.1. General functions1). Generalizing the Text (总结全文)2). Attracting the Reader (吸引读者)3). Facilitating the Retrieval (方便检索)2.1.2.Linguistic Features做分析题时候，可以根据下面的格式进行分析。
1) Using More Nouns, Noun Phrases and Gerunds(使用名词、名词短语和动名词)The words or phrases used in a title are very often nouns, noun phrases or gerunds, nominalization, which usually are keywords for the paper, having the ability to sum up the whole text.For example, we may easily find such titles as: 句子背不下来就不要用(1)Working mechanism application of LED(2) Civilization's Source and Its Implication.(3) A Multi-perspective Account of Met linguistic Negation.(4) Research on the Motivations of Lexis and V ocabulary Learning Strategies.2) Using Incomplete Sentences(使用不完整的句子)A title is just a label of appellation of the paper, reflecting the main idea of the content, so even when there is a need to give a title in the form of a sentence, it does not need to be a complete sentence.For example, “意识形态是文化的特殊样态”.2.3 Keywords2.3.1 General Functions:A. Easiness of Retrieval (检索方便)B. Easiness of Highlighting(突出醒目)2.3.1 Linguistic FeaturesA. Nominalization (名词化): Keywords are usually used in the form of nouns, not verbs. For example, investigate -- investigation; fabricate -- fabrication; educate -- education.B. Limited Number (关键字数目有限): The number of the keywords for a paper should be limited. Min – max (2-8), average (4-6).C. Designated Choice (不能随意选择): The keywords of a paper usually come from the title and/or the abstract.ExercisesCorrect the mistakes in the following titles according to the writing requirements you've learnt in this unit.1. Digital Laser Micro interferometer and Its Applying. (Applying----Application)2. Measuring of Surface Shape and Deformation by Phase-shifting Image Digital Holography. (Measuring---Measurement)3. The Effects of the Patient Age and Physician Training on the Choice and Dose of Anti-melancholic Drugs. (去掉所有的“the”)4. Scope of the Investigations: the First Phase. (去掉第一个“the”)5. A New Broadband Uniform Accuracy DOA Estimator. (DOA---标题不具体，太宽泛extensive)Unit 3 Abstract一般出现下面问题时，可以从如下几点回答：（1）Comment on the following abstract（2）Analyze the following abstract?Answer :a, Complex(复杂)--sentences’ structure .b, Objective(客观)--no personal pronoun is used in the abstract above.c, The active voice is commonly used in it .(主动语态)d, The information of an abstract is arranged in one paragraph .(一个段落)（3）Analyze the problems exiting in the following abstract?Answer : a, Informal(不正式) -For example, ”I think”.b, Over-simplified Statements(表述过分简单）c, Monotonous Expression（单一的表达）d, Mixed writing stylee, Incomplete contents(内容不完整)f, Displacement of information(摘要各成分之间顺序混乱，篇幅不合理)1. 语态单一(全主动或全被动)2. 口语化3. 太过简单和复杂4. 摘要各成分之间顺序混乱5. 摘要各成分之间篇幅不合理3.1. Definition of AbstractAn abstract is a brief and self-contained summary and an accurate representation of the contents of a document such as a research paper, a journal article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, and other academic documents.The purpose of an abstract is to provide prospective readers the opportunity to judge the relevance of the longer work of their projects.3.4. Classification of AbstractsDepending on which information they contain, abstracts can be classified into major types: indicative (or descriptive) abstracts, informative abstracts, indicative - informative abstracts and author abstracts.descriptive abstract 把问题进行了概述但对研究结果未提及，而在informational abstract 中提供了主要研究结果。