英语句子成分及结构专题讲解学习
英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
（三）谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
（表示主语的身份－－性质）He is ill. 他病了。
（表示主语的状态）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑，句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料，而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来，让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心，决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如，“The dog is cute” （这只狗很可爱。
）中，“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如，“She sings beautifully” （她唱歌很好听。
）中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象，通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如，“He bought a book” （他买了一本书。
）中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be （am/is/are）、seem、look 等，其后的成分就是表语。
例如，“She is happy” （她很开心。
）中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如，“The red car is mine” （那辆红色的车是我的。
）中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如，“He runs fast” （他跑得很快。
）中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如，“We made him our monitor” （我们选他当班长。
）中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构，是最基本的句子类型。
例如，“I love you” （我爱你。
）2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（and, but, or 等）连接而成。
初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语（Subject）：句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。
例句：Tom is reading a book.（主语是Tom）2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中所陈述的动作或状态。
例句：I am studying English. （谓语是am studying）3. 宾语（Object）：句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。
例句：She bought a new car.（宾语是a new car）4. 定语（Adjective）：修饰名词或代词的词或词组。
例句：I saw a black cat.（定语是black）5. 状语（Adverb）：修饰动词、形容词、副词，可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
例句：She sings beautifully.（状语是beautifully）例句：I am a student.（补语是a student）英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类：1. 简单句（Simple Sentence）：包含一个主语和一个谓语。
例句：She sings.（主语+谓语）例句：I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.（独立子句+连接词+独立子句）3. 并列句（Coordinative Sentence）：用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。
例句：I am tired, so I'm going to bed.（分句+连词+分句）例句：She invited me to a party, which made me happy.（主句+从句）总结起来，英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。
通过对各个成分的认识和使用，可以更准确地表达自己的意思。
而了解不同的句子结构，可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子，提高语言表达的能力。
英语句子成分详解方法精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语句子成分一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1）主语subject主语是一个句子的主体，是全句叙述的对象，是句子要说明的人或事物，即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任，一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2）谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的动作或状态，常由动词担任，一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化，且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. You hate me. You hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3）宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象，是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任，一般位于谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】：某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。
英语句子结构和成分详解
第一章句子成分和简单句基本句型一、句子成分构成篇章的基本单位是句子，组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分都是由单词、短语或从句充其中，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。
其他成分如定语和状语是句子的修饰部分。
二、充当句子成分的各种形式主语:主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来担任。
1.名词All efforts will be in vain if we can’t learn English by practicing repeatedly.如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。
2.数词Two thirds of them can play more than one musical instrument.他们中有2/3的人不只能演奏一种乐器。
3.代词Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？4.不定式To see is to believe.眼见为实It’s an honor to make a speech here. 在这里发言我很荣幸。
5.动名词In my opinion, cloning should be dealt with carefully. 我认为应该慎重对待克隆。
6.名词化的形容词或分词The old should be respected.老人因该受到尊重。
The disabled will receive more money. 残疾人会收到更多的钱。
7.名词性短语The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.老师和同学们要去参观博物馆。
8.主语从句What he said didn’t agree with what he did. 他的言行不一。
主语从句常使用it 作形式主语。
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析（考查形式：语法填空，句子翻译，及阅读中对句子的理解）二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语；that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 同位语14 定语句子，按结构，分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。
初中英语句子结构和句型分析及细致讲解
初中英语句子结构和句型分析及细致讲解初中英语句子结构和句型是学习英语的基础。
下面我将为你详细讲解，并配以丰富的例句，帮助你更好地理解。
初中英语句子结构及句型详解一、句子成分英语句子主要由以下成分组成：•主语（Subject）：句子所陈述的主体，通常是名词或代词。
例：I like apples.（我喜欢苹果。
）•谓语（Predicate）：表示主语的动作或状态，通常是动词。
例：She is reading a book.（她正在看书。
）•宾语（Object）：动作的承受者，通常是名词或代词。
例：He bought a car.（他买了一辆车。
）•定语（Adjective）：修饰名词或代词，表示其性质或特征。
例：This is a beautiful flower.（这是一朵美丽的花。
）•状语（Adverb）：修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、地点、方式等。
例：He runs very fast.（他跑得很快。
）•补语（Complement）：补充说明主语或宾语的状态或特征。
例：They made him happy.（他们使他高兴。
）二、句子种类根据句子结构和意义，英语句子可分为以下几类：•简单句（Simple Sentence）：只有一个主谓结构的句子。
例：I like English.（我喜欢英语。
）•并列句（Compound Sentence）：由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词（and, but, or等）连接而成。
例：I like apples, and she likes bananas.（我喜欢苹果，她喜欢香蕉。
）•复合句（Complex Sentence）：由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成。
例：When I go home, I will do my homework.（当我回家时，我将做作业。
）三、句子类型•陈述句（Declarative Sentence）：用来陈述事实或观点。
例：He is a student.（他是一个学生。
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一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。
1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。
例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语）画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式：①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.②We often speak English in class.③One-third of the students in this class are girls.④To swim in the river is a great pleasure.⑤Smoking does harm to the health.⑥The rich should help the poor.⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language.⑨That he isn’t a t home is not true.正确运用主语的各种形式2.谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：（1）简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
例如：He practises running every morning.（动词practise作谓语）We usually listen to the music on weekends.（动词短语listen to作谓语）（2）复合谓语：①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.②由系动词加表语构成。
系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。
例如：We are students. Your idea sounds great.画出句子的谓语，并说明其构成方式：①My sister is crying over there.②I have been waiting for you all the time.③I would stay at home all day.正确运用主语的各种形式3.表语：表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, stay,remain, seem, appear, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, become, get, grow, go, turn, prove等）之后。
可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④分词⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦介词短语⑧副词⑨表语从句等表示。
例如：She is very beautiful.（形容词作表语）画出句子的表语，并说明其构成方式：①Our teacher of English is an American.②Is it yours?③The weather has turned cold.④The speech is exciting.⑤Three times seven is twenty one.⑥His job is to teach English.⑦His hobby is playing football.⑧The machine must be under repair.⑨The truth is that he has never been abroad.正确运用主语的各种形式4.宾语：宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介宾结构。
可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的分词⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦宾语从句等表示。
例如：They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词作动宾）画出句子的表语，并说明其构成方式：①They planted many trees yesterday.②-- How many dictionaries do you have? --I have five.③They helped the old with their housework yesterday.④I wanted to buy a car.⑤He pretended not to see me.⑥I enjoy listening to popular music.⑦I think（that）he is fit for his office.正确运用主语的各种形式5.补语：（1）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②形容词③可作表语的副词④不定式⑥分词⑦介词短语⑧从句等表示。
例如：Disney called it Mickey Mouse.（专有名词作宾补）画出句子的表语，并说明其构成方式：①His father named him Dongming.②They painted their boat white.③Let the fresh air in.④You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.⑤We saw her entering the room.⑥We found everything in the lab in good order.⑦We will soon make our city what your city is now.⑧I want your homework done on time.正确运用主语的各种形式（2）主语补足语：对主语的补充。
含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。
例如：He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.6.定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①形容词②名词③代词④数词⑤副词⑥不定式⑦动名词⑧分词⑨介词短语⑩从句。
例如：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词作定语）在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。
例如：①形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
例如：The next man is a scientist.（下一个）The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）②副词用作定语一般要后置。
例如：People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们) He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人）③介词短语作定语时要后置。
例如：The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩）④现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后置。
I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）口头翻译下列句子，用下画线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明其构成方式①The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.②The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.③We need a place twice larger than this one.④She carried a basket full of eggs.⑤It’s a book worth no more than one dollar.⑥It’s a city far from the coast.⑦He has money enough to buy a car.⑧The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑨There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.⑩Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.⑪A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.⑫He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.⑬There are many clothes to be washed.⑭Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.⑮Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team.⑯Life here is really comfortable.⑰Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.⑱The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.⑲China is a developing country; America is a developed country.⑳He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.正确运用主语的各种形式7.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。