英语句子成分与结构

英语句子成分及简单句型结构一、介绍与其重要性学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。

英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。

句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。

英语的句子成分有八种。

定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语二、英语句子成分分析解读找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hillHe looked after two orphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。

及物动词(vt.) ：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。

如： He reached Paris .不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。

若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。

如: Look! She is singing.Look at me carefully!类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed...易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事误：knock the door 正：knock on [at] the door 敲门误：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依赖）误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信（四）表语（八）同位语summaryExercises:分析句子成分flies fast.will be a good meal for us at our aunt’s.rive rose ten feet in the night.heard him shout.bought some sweets for his son.prefer my coffee hot.’t worry about me; just take care of yourself.can rely on him to do anything that is necessary.lot of noise is going on outside.little girl can dress herself now.was a pity that you didn’t watch that wonderful match. felt my heart beat rapidly.you want to come to the partyshould do something to help the students in difficulties. long have you worked in the hospital三、英语简单句的构成基本句型：主语+系动词+表语（主系表）主语+不及物动词+（其他成分）主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补课堂练习：分析下列句子的句型结构are a student.felt happy today.you said made me happy.you give me some advice on how to learn English wellhe finished his homework, he went away.likes pop music.stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.课后练习一、选择题。

1. She tried hard, but she still couldn't make us ________ our mind.A. to changeB. changedC. changeD. changing2. When the old lady is alone in the house, her dog makes her feel ______ and relaxed.A. healthyB. lonelyC. safeD. angry3. As Edison grew ______, he never lost his interest in science.A. the elderB. elderC. the olderD. older4. It’s not polite to stand by and looked at the old man _____.A. is made fun ofB. being made fun ofC. is made funD. being made fun5. The old movie reminded them _____ the wonderful time they had spent together.A. toB. forC. inD. of6. I'd like to ________ your essay with you when you have time.A. go overB. go byC. go forD. go after7. The report showed us very clearly how the plane got _______ and crashed in the end.A. into controlB. within controlC. out of controlD. under control8. Most of the machines in the workshop __________ next month.A. are repairedB. have been repairedC. were repairedD. will be repaired9. When applying for a job, you have to ________ a resume.A. get offB. hand inC. put outD. take awaywine ________ a little bitter this time.A. tastesB. soundsC. looksD. feels11. The boss told his secretary to ________ the documents for later use.A. put awayB. turn onC. make upD. break out12. We should _____ this in mind: Don’t judge a person by his appearance.A. bearB. putC. placeD. print13. If I work in a small factory; it is not _________ for me to gain much experience.A. weeklyB. friendlyC. likelyD. lively14. The villagers have offered much help to us and we think we should do something for them _____.A. in returnB. in placeC. in fashionD. in danger15. According to the time table，the train for Beijing ______at9:10 . from Monday to Friday.A. was leavingB. is leavingC. leavesD. has left16. __________ is quite difficult for Mary to pass the interview.A. WhatB. ThisC. ThatD. It17. Mr. Black is looking forward to _________ his Chinese partner soon.A. seeingB. seeC. be seeingD. have seen18. I tried hard, but I couldn't find the ________ to the problem.A. solutionB. helpC. replyD. demand19. English, they have to study a second foreign language.A. ExceptB. Except forC. BesideD. Besides20. She gave up her _______ as a reporter at the age of 25.A. careerB. interestC. lifeD. habit21. This morning when I was walking to my office, I _________ to see an old friend of mine near the office building.A. occurredB. happenedC. managedD. settled22. _______ writing a letter to the manager, he decided to talk to him in person.A. Due toB. Because ofC. As forD. Instead of23. It will only take me a minute to get your watch fixed; it will be ready _____.A. by the wayB. right awayC. at lastD. in that case24. As far as I'm concerned, I don't like _________ in that way.A. to be treatedB. to treatC. treatedD. treating25. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find _____difficult to succeed in language learning.A. themB. themselvesC. itD. itself26. Only when we hurried to the airport ______the flight was cancelled.A. we foundB. did we findC. have we foundD. we have found27. This novel is worth reading, because it gives a detailed description of the historical ________ in 1949.A. accidentsB. casesC. eventsD. things28. _______, a friend of Mrs. Black found the watch she had lost two days before.A. EspeciallyB. UsuallyC. GenerallyD. Fortunately29. The newspaper ________ two people were killed in the accident.A. saysB. talksC. callsD. asks30. He said, “I ______ a lot of new words by the end of last year.”A. had already learntB. would have already learntC. have already learntD. already learnt31. She told us briefly about how they succeeded in ________ the new product.A. developB. to developC. developedD. developing32. The father was delighted to hear the child ________ that.A. to sayB. to have saidC. sayD.said33. It's reported that the police are _________ the area for thecriminal.A. processingB. searchingC. operatingD. handling34. The general manager sat there, _________ to the report from each department.A. to listenB. listenC. being listenedD. listening35. The manager showed the new employee _________ to find thesupplies.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which36. No one has been able to prove that fish is _________ better forthe brain than many other kinds of food.A. someB. soC. asD. any37. Mary found _________ extremely difficult to pass the examination.A. itB. thisC. thatD. What38. More and more Chinese people are _______ wildlife conservationand environmental protection.A. certain ofB. concerned aboutC. capable ofD. crazyabout39. We now know that about ________ all the kinds of seaweed areanimals.A. one fourthB. one fourth ofC. one four ofD. the one fourth40. Scientists could see many things that most people would ________to see.A. feelB. failC. fallD. fill41. The nurse took ___ of my blood to test.A. an exampleB. an instanceC. a caseD. a sample42. Large and powerful, the atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases hundreds of miles .A. highB. higherC. highlyD. height43. The sales department was required to _______ a plan in threeweeks.A. turn upB. get upC. come up withD. put up with二、用所给词的正确形式填空：1.I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk) ___________ withhis classmates.2.Although John was not experienced in business, he did it with(confident) _________________.3.There was a stranger (stand) _______________ at the door.4.The main benefit of (work) _________ with the company is theopportunity to travel abroad.5.It is well-known that sports will (strength) ________________the friendship between nations.6.It was (luck) __________indeed for Mr. Fox to have changed hisflight and arrived (safe)___________.7.Mark was a little upset, for the manager didn’t allow him(take) _______ his holiday the following week.8.. John went to town yesterday and had his computer (repair)_________ there.9.In 1964, the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the first program _(transmit) ________________ via satellite.10.Your hair needs __________________ (cut). It is too long.11.I have no choice but ___________ (wait).12.Did you have any difficulty (get) ___________ a visa to Britain13.I asked him not (say) _________ anything about our contractuntil the end of the month.14.That new film is worth (see) ________ for the second time.15.She is well-known for her excellent (achieve) _______________in her career.16.John went to town yesterday and had his computer (repair)_________ there.17.In 1964, the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the first program(transmit) ________________ via satellite.18.Your hair needs __________________ (cut). It is too long.19.I have no choice but ___________ (wait).20.Did you have any difficulty (get) ___________ a visa to Britain21.I asked him not (say) _________ anything about our contract untilthe end of the month.22.That new film is worth (see) ________ for the second time.23.She is well-known for her excellent (achieve) _______________ inher career.24. Some people do believe that smoking will (certain) ________cause lung cancer.25.It is never too late for anyone (learn) ________.26.As far as I know, Lily can speak English ____________ (fluently)than any other student in her class.27.His wife was sure he would arrive on time. This (certain)__________ made her rush to prepare the dinner.28.Yesterday they received a written (invite) ________ to a dinnerfrom Mr. Black.29.The more careful you are, the (well) _________ you will be ableto complete the work.30.I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk) ______with hisclassmates.31.I'm going to take the bus ________ (save) money.32.We have to find new ways to (short) ____________the process ofproduction.33.The new flexible working time system will enable the (employ)_________ to work more efficiently.34.The photos of Mars taken by satellites are (clear) __________than those taken from earth.35.Going abroad to have a holiday will be an (excite)_________experience for us.36.It is quite difficult for me (decide) ____________ who should begiven the job.37.The secretary is so efficient that his boss thinks (high)_________of him.38.The news was made (know) ___________ to the public at last.39.His efforts to improve the sales of this product have been very(help) _________ .40.The manager promised (get) _________ me a position in his company.41.He is asked to (short) _________ his report to one page.42.He won’t let anyone else (vi sit) _________ his sister.43.One can jump (high) _________ on the moon than on the earth.44.She was not happy because he had kept her (wait) _________ forhalf an hour.45.Some young people got _________ (marry) without even tellingtheir parents or other family members.46.Please remember (lock) _________ the door when you leave.47.The main benefit of (work) _________ with the company is theopportunity to travel abroad.48.To his mother's relief, Tom had perfectly recovered from his(ill) _________.49.When Jenny came to Britain, she had to get used to (drive)_________ on the left.50.The manager insisted on (treat) ______________ as an ordinaryemployee.51.Do you know why people are unwilling(discuss) _________insurance52.No student is supposed (spend) _________ so much money in schoolin a week.53.(Personal) _________ think, he is a very nice partner ,thoughyou may not agree.54.Everyone should be allowed to make a mistake without (punish)____________________ for it.答案1—5 CCDDD 6---10 ACDDA11-15 AACAA 16—20 CAADA21—25 BDBAC 26—30 BC DAA31—35 DCBDBD 36—40 DABBB3. Standing ,safety 7. to take9,.to be maileduseto be cut waitgetting 21. to say25. to learn fluently27. certainty31. to save 32. Shorten36. To decide 37. Highly be known getwalktreated discussspend 53. Personally punished。