论文模板英文版
学术会议论文模板英文版

Paper Title (use style: paper title) Subtitle as needed (paper subtitle)Authors Name/s per 1st Affiliation (Author) FirstName Surname line 1 (of Affiliation): dept. name of organization line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptableline 3: City, Countryline 4: e-mail address if desiredAuthors Name/s per 3rd Affiliation (Author)* FirstName Surname line 1 (of Affiliation): dept. name of organization line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptableline 3: City, Country* Corresponding author: e-mail address if desired Authors Name/s per 2nd Affiliation (Author) FirstName Surname line 1 (of Affiliation): dept. name of organization line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptableline 3: City, Countryline 4: e-mail address if desiredAuthors Name/s per 4th Affiliation (Author) FirstName Surname line 1 (of Affiliation): dept. name of organization line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptableline 3: City, Countryline 4: e-mail address if desiredAbstract—This electronic document is a “live” t emplate. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document. (Abstract)Keywords-component; formatting; style; styling; insert (key words)I.I NTRODUCTION (H EADING 1)This template, modified in MS Word 2003 and saved as “Word 97-2003 & 6.0/95 –RTF” for the PC, provides authors with most of the formatting specifications needed for preparing electronic versions of their papers. All standard paper components have been specified for three reasons: (1) ease of use when formatting individual papers, (2) automatic compliance to electronic requirements that facilitate the concurrent or later production of electronic products, and (3) conformity of style throughout a conference proceedings. Margins, column widths, line spacing, and type styles are built-in; examples of the type styles are provided throughout this document and are identified in italic type, within parentheses, following the example. Some components, such as multi-leveled equations, graphics, and tables are not prescribed, although the various table text styles are provided. The formatter will need to create these components, incorporating the applicable criteria that follow.II.E ASE OF U SEA.Selecting a Template (Heading 2)First, confirm that you have the correct template for your paper size. This template has been tailored for output on the US-letter paper size. If you are using A4-sized paper, please close this file and download the file for “MSW_A4_format”.B.Maintaining the Integrity of the SpecificationsThe template is used to format your paper and style the text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, and text fonts are prescribed; please do not alter them. You may note peculiarities. For example, the head margin in this template measures proportionately more than is customary. This measurement and others are deliberate, using specifications that anticipate your paper as one part of the entire proceedings, and not as an independent document. Please do not revise any of the current designations.III.P REPARE Y OUR P APER B EFORE S TYLING Before you begin to format your paper, first write and save the content as a separate text file. Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text has been formatted and styled. Do not use hard tabs, and limit use of hard returns to only one return at the end of a paragraph. Do not add any kind of pagination anywhere in the paper. Do not number text heads-the template will do that for you.Finally, complete content and organizational editing before formatting. Please take note of the following items when proofreading spelling and grammar:A.Abbreviations and AcronymsDefine abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have been defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, sc, dc, and rms do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.B.Units•Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are encouraged.) English units may be used assecondary units (in parentheses). An exception wouldbe the use of English units as identifiers in trade, suchas “3.5-inch disk drive”.•Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This oftenleads to confusion because equations do not balancedimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearlyIdentify applicable sponsor/s here. (sponsors)state the units for each quantity that you use in anequation.•Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units: “Wb/m2” or “webers per square meter”, not“webers/m2”. Spell out units when they appear in text:“. . . a few henries”, not “. . . a few H”.•Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25”, not “.25”.Use “cm3”, not “cc”. (bullet list)C.EquationsThe equations are an exception to the prescribed specifications of this template. You will need to determine whether or not your equation should be typed using either the Times New Roman or the Symbol font (please no other font). To create multileveled equations, it may be necessary to treat the equation as a graphic and insert it into the text after your paper is styled.Number equations consecutively. Equation numbers, within parentheses, are to position flush right, as in (1), using a right tab stop. To make your equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or appropriate exponents. Italicize Roman symbols for quantities and variables, but not Greek symbols. Use a long dash rather than a hyphen for a minus sign. Punctuate equations with commas or periods when they are part of a sentence, as inα + β = χ. (1)Note that the equation is centered using a center tab stop. Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before or immediately follow ing the equation. Use “(1)”, not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1)”, except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is . . .”D.Some Common Mistakes•The word “data” is plural, not singular.•The subscript for the permeability of vacuum μ0, and other common scientific constants, is zero withsubscript formatting, not a lowercase letter “o”.•In American English, commas, semi-/colons, periods, question and exclamation marks are located withinquotation marks only when a complete thought orname is cited, such as a title or full quotation. Whenquotation marks are used, instead of a bold or italictypeface, to highlight a word or phrase, punctuationshould appear outside of the quotation marks. Aparenthetical phrase or statement at the end of asentence is punctuated outside of the closingparenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence ispunctuated within the parentheses.)• A graph within a graph is an “inset”, not an “insert”.The word alternatively is preferred to the word“alternately” (unless you really mean something thatalternates).•Do not use the word “essentially” to mean “approximately” or “effectively”.•In your paper title, if the words “that uses” can accurately replace the word “using”, capitalize the “u”;if not, keep using lower-cased.•Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones “affect” and “effect”, “complement” and “compliment”,“discreet” and “discrete”, “principal” and “principle”.•Do not confuse “imply” and “infer”.•The prefix “non” is not a word; it should be joined to the word it modifies, usually without a hyphen.•There is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.”.•The abbreviation “i.e.” means “that is”, and the abbreviation “e.g.” means “for example”.An excellent style manual for science writers is [7].IV.U SING THE T EMPLATEAfter the text edit has been completed, the paper is ready for the template. Duplicate the template file by using the Save As command, and use the naming convention prescribed by your conference for the name of your paper. In this newly created file, highlight all of the contents and import your prepared text file. You are now ready to style your paper; use the scroll down window on the left of the MS Word Formatting toolbar.A.Authors and AffiliationsThe template is designed so that author affiliations are not repeated each time for multiple authors of the same affiliation. Please keep your affiliations as succinct as possible (for example, do not differentiate among departments of the same organization). This template was designed for two affiliations.1)For author/s of only one affiliation (Heading 3): To change the default, adjust the template as follows.a)Selection (Heading 4): Highlight all author and affiliation lines.b)Change number of columns: Select the Columns icon from the MS Word Standard t oolbar and then select “1 Column” from the selection palette.c)Deletion: Delete the author and affiliation lines for the second affiliation.d)For author/s of more than two affiliations: To change the default, adjust the template as follows.e)Selection: Highlight all author and affiliation lines.f)Change number of columns: Select the “Columns” icon from the MS Word Standard toolbar and then select “1 Column” from the selection palette.g)Highlight author and affiliation lines of affiliation 1 and copy this selection.h)Formatting: Insert one hard return immediately after the last character of the last affiliation line. Then paste down the copy of affiliation 1. Repeat as necessary for each additional affiliation.i)Reassign number of columns: Place your cursor to the right of the last character of the last affiliation line of an even numbered affiliation (e.g., if there are five affiliations, place your cursor at end of fourth affiliation). Drag the cursor up to highlight all of the above author and affiliation lines. Go to Column icon and select “2 Columns”. If you have an odd number of affiliations, the final affiliation will be centered on the page; all previous will be in two columns.B.Identify the HeadingsHeadings, or heads, are organizational devices that guide the reader through your paper. There are two types: component heads and text heads.Component heads identify the different components of your paper and are not topically subordinate to each other. Examples include Acknowledgments and References and, for these, the correct style to use is “Heading 5”. Use “figure caption” foryour Figure captions, and “table head” for your table title. Run-in heads, such as “Abstract”, will require you to apply a style (in this case, italic) in addition to the style provided by the drop down menu to differentiate the head from the text.Text heads organize the topics on a relational, hierarchical basis. For example, the paper title is the primary text head because all subsequent material relates and elaborates on this one topic. If there are two or more sub-topics, the next level head (uppercase Roman numerals) should be used and, conversely, if there are not at least two sub-topics, then no subheads should be introduced. Styles named “Heading 1”, “Heading 2”, “Heading 3”, and “Heading 4” are prescribed.C.Figures and Tables1)Positioning Figures and Tables: Place figures and tables at the top and bottom of columns. Avoid placing them in the middle of columns. Large figures and tables may span across both columns. Figure captions should be below the figures; table heads should appear above the tables. Insert figures and tables after they are cited in the text. Use the abbreviation “Fig. 1”, even at the beginning of a sentence.TABLE I. T ABLE T YPE S TYLESa. Sample of a Table footnote. (Table footnote)Figure 1. Example of a figure caption. (figure caption) Figure Labels: Use 8 point Times New Roman for Figure labels. Use words rather than symbols or abbreviations when writing Figure axis labels to avoid confusing the reader. As anexample, write the quantity “Magnetization”, or “Magnetization, M”, not just “M”. If including units in the label, present them within parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. In the example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization {A[m(1)]}”, not just “A/m”. Do not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K)”, not “Temperature/K”.V. Conclusions(Heading 5)A CKNOWLEDGMENTThe pre ferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in America is without an “e” after the “g”. Avoid the stilted expression, “One of us (R. B. G.) thanks . . .” Instead, try “R.B. G. thanks”. Put sponsor acknowledgments in the unnum-bered footnote on the first page.R EFERENCES(Note: ①The authors of the references cited in the article should not be of one nationality only. They should be from three or more; ②It is not possible to have less than five references.) The template will number citations consecutively within brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. Refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use “Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Reference [3] was the first . . .”Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was cited. Do not put footnotes in the reference list. Use letters for table footnotes.Unless there are six authors or more give all authors' names; do not use “et al.”. Papers that ha ve not been published, even if they have been submitted for publication, should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been accepted for publication should be cited as “in press” [5]. Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols.For papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [6].[1]G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals ofLipschitz-Hankel t ype involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil.Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, April 1955.(references)[2]J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol.2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.[3]I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchangeanisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271–350.[4]K. Elissa, “Title of paper if known,” unpublished.[5]R. Nicole, “Title of paper with only first word capitalized,” J. NameStand. Abbrev., in press. [6]Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopystudies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,” IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740–741, August 1987 [Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982].[7]M. Young, The Technical Writer's Handbook. Mill Valley, CA:University Science, 1989.。
议论文英文写作模板

Verbs used in arguing context1.Verbs for making a claimArgue,assert,believe,claim,emphasize Insist,observe,remind,report,suggest2.Verbs for expressing agreement Acknowledge,admire,agree,endorse,extol Praise,celebrate the fact that,corroborateDo not deny,reaffirm,upport,verify3.Verbs for questioning or disagreeing Complain,complicate,contend,contradict,deny Qualify,question,refute,reject,renounce Deplore the tendency to,repudiate4.Verbs for making recommendations Advocate,call for,demand,encourage Exhort,implore,plead,recommendUrge,warnUseful StructuresTo pinpoint the argument1Essentially we need to look at…2It is important to realize…3One of the most important pints is that…4The essential point is that…5The importance of this lies in…6The real problem is that…7The significance of this is that…8This is the key to the problem.9The key point to note is…10Yet the most important point to note is that…11This takes us to the heart of the matter.12In part,this might be explained by…13To some extent it is true to say that…To add new argument1Again,2Another possibility is that…3At the same time it is true to say…4It should also be emphasized that…5It should also be noted that…6Mention should also be made of…7The same can be said of…8The same is true of…9There are other factors which arguably count for more.10This in turn means that…To introduce the opposition:1In deed,it is plausible to argue that…Yet,other evidence suggests…2Although this argument has some merit,a number of qualifications need to be made.3It is often assumed that…However…4Some have argued that…The reality is that…5It is quite true that…Yet in reality the most important factor is that…6It is true that…However…7Superficially there is reason to think that…However…8There is no doubt that…is true.However it is too much to claim that…9To be sure…,but…10According to the best available statistics…11As Table2shows…12It will be seen at once that…13Similar evidence can be found to support the view that…14My findings confirm that…15These figures indicate clearly that…16When…is carefully examined,it seems that…17These figures suggest that…To make remarks1As far as…is concerned,…2As for…3Despite the fact that…,it is not clear…4For all these reasons,…needs to be treated with caution.5Partly for this reason it is inevitable that…6The main reason it happened is that…7This is primarily due to…8This applies especially to…9What these cases show is that…10This problem has two aspects.As regards A…As regards B…11A familiar objection to this argument is that…12The obverse of this argument is…13The possible flaw in this argument is…14Such evidence does not constitute adequate support for the theory that…15Disproportionate attention has been paid to…16This has received too little attention…17Under the influence of…I came to think of this view as mistaken.18Unfortunately for such theories,this view is not common.19Yet there is a need not to overstate the importance of...20The principle criticism has been that…21The point has been ignored by many…。
全英文研究论文模板(精华版)

全英文研究论文模板(精华版)AbstractThe abstract provides a brief summary of your research paper. It should briefly introduce the topic, state the research objectives, highlight the methodology employed, summarize the findings, and mention the significance of the study.IntroductionThe introduction sets the stage for your research paper. Start by presenting a general overview of the topic and its importance. Then narrow down your focus to the specific research problem or question that you aim to address. Provide background information, highlight previous research on the topic, and identify any gaps or limitations that your study can address.Literature ReviewThe literature review is a critical analysis of existing research and scholarly articles relevant to your topic. It helps establish the theoretical framework and foundation for your study. Identify key concepts,theories, and methodologies employed in previous research to support your own study. Clearly state your research objectives and how they contribute to the existing body of knowledge.MethodologyIn the methodology section, explain the research design, methods, and data collection techniques you used. Clearly state your research question(s) and hypothesis(es), if applicable. Describe the sample or participants, data collection instruments, and any statistical analyses employed. This section should allow other researchers to replicate your study.Results and DiscussionPresent the results of your study in a logical and organized manner. Use tables, charts, and figures to support your findings. Then, provide a detailed analysis and interpretation of the results. Discuss any patterns, trends, or relationships observed. Relate your findings to existing research and theories. Identify any limitations or challenges encountered during the study.ConclusionThe conclusion summarizes your research, restates the main findings, and discusses their implications. Do not introduce new information here. Discuss how your study contributes to the field, highlights any future research directions, and suggests practical applications of your findings. End with a strong closing statement that emphasizes the significance of your study.ReferencesAppendix (if applicable)If you have additional materials, such as questionnaires, survey data, or supplementary information that supports your study, include them in the appendix. Label each appendix with a title or number for easy reference.Please note that this template is a general guide and can be adapted to fit the specific requirements of your research paper. As always, consult your advisor or instructor for any additional guidelines or specific formatting instructions.。
英文论文(优秀4篇)

英文论文(优秀4篇)选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行:国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。
以下是可爱的编辑为大伙儿收集整理的英文论文(优秀4篇),希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
英语专业论文模板篇一很多学生忽视了毕业论文的重要性和现实意义,这是其写作质量不高的主要原因之一。
毕业论文是大学生在校期间向学校所交的较后一份书面作业。
英语专业学生在修完一般英语写作课程后,初步熟知和掌握了基本的写作要素和技巧,这时为了深化写作内容,进一步提高文字表达能力,须开始进行学术论文写作。
毕业论文写作在巩固了词的各种意义、搭配、用法、词序,句子的定义、结构、种类、用法,即写作的基本要素和技巧的同时,还能培养初步的研究、分析和总结问题的能力。
这就为学生在日后进一步从事相关学科的研究工作打下了坚实的基础。
《高等学校英语专业教学大纲》指出,“毕业论文是考察学生综合能力、评估学业成绩的一个重要方式”。
毕业论文写作的优劣、质量的高低是决定学生能否顺利毕业或可否被授予学位的重要依据。
因此大学生须重视和认真撰写毕业论文。
英语论文范文word 篇二Upon the completion of the thesis, I would like to take this opportunity toexpress my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Peng Xiaohua, who hasgiven me important guidance on the thesis. Without his help and encouragement,my thesis would have been impossible. Besides his help with my thesis,he hasalso given me much advice on the methods of doing research, which is of greatvalue to my future academic life.I am also obliged to other teachers whose lectures have broadened my scopeof vision in British and American literature and help me lay a necessaryfoundation for the writing of the thesis. I am also grateful to all the members ofthe faculty and staff in the College of Foreign Languages who have provided mewith a lot of help and guidance.Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to all the friends andfamily members who have offered me help. Without their help,I could not havefinished my study and this thesis.英语专业论文模板篇三分层次提出教学要求:英语系按照学校的要求把XX级学生以入学成绩为依据分了两个层次,A层次普通学科专业班级,B层次体音美专业班级。
英语论文作文模板

英语论文作文模板Introduction:In academic writing, crafting a well-structured essay is crucial for effectively conveying ideas and arguments. This essay will present a template for composing an English essay or paper, ensuring clarity, coherence, and academic rigor throughout.1. Introduction。
Begin with a hook or attention-grabbing statement related to the topic.Provide background information or context to orient the reader.Clearly state the thesis or main argument of the essay.Example:The issue of climate change has become increasingly pressing in recent years, garnering widespread attention from scientists, policymakers, and the general public alike. As the Earth's climate continues to undergo significant shifts, it is imperative to examine the causes, impacts,and potential solutions to mitigate this global phenomenon.2. Body Paragraphs。
毕业论文结构英语作文模板

毕业论文结构英语作文模板英文回答:Structure of a Dissertation。
1. Introduction。
Briefly introduce the topic and its significance. State the research question or hypothesis.Provide background information and context.2. Literature Review。
Critically examine existing research on the topic.Identify gaps in knowledge and formulate a research question.Establish the theoretical framework for the dissertation.3. Methodology。
Describe the research design, methods, and data collection techniques.Justify the choice of methodology and ensure its validity and reliability.Outline the ethical considerations of the research.4. Results。
Present the findings from the data analysis.Use tables, charts, and figures to illustrate the results.Discuss the implications of the findings.5. Discussion。
Interpret the results in light of the research question and theoretical framework.Relate the findings to existing literature and identify areas of convergence and divergence.Discuss the limitations of the study and suggest directions for future research.6. Conclusion。
论文英文版格式(样)

Towards …reuse(22pt, spacing before paragraph 30 pt, single space Blod)The first Author`s name the second author`s name(13pt, spacing before paragraph 12 pt, line space12 pt Blod)Department of Computer Science,University of xxx, TX00004-3010, USAE-mail: chxxxan@{10pt, no paragraph space, line space 12 pt}(The title of the paper should be written in bold in 22 point font, centered on the top of the paper. The first letter of first word in the title should be capitalized. The authors‟ names following the title, must be 13 point font, and their affiliations must be 10pt)Abstract:(9pt, bold, the first letter should be capitalized)In this paper, (9pt, spacing before paragraph 23 pt, line space 10 pt. Every paper should include an abstract within 500 words. At the end of the abstract, skip a line and then type “Keywords:”)Keywords:(9pt, bold, the first letter should be capitalized)shared memory parallel programming; task graph; task scheduling; compiler optimisations. (9pt, spacing before paragraph 12 pt line space 10 pt NOT bold italic and followed by a semicolon, followed by 3 to 8 words that describe the focus and contribution of the paper.)1 INTRODUCTION(FONT: HELVETICA, 9PT, CAPITALIZED, BOLD, SPACING BEFORE PARAGRAPH 18PT, SPACING AFTER PARAGRAPH 6PT, LINE SPACE 11PT)(These are instructions for authors typesetting for the 2010 International Conference of Asia-Pacific Low Carbon Economy (aplce2010) & NO.9 NAAN to be held in Changsha, China. This document has been prepared using the required format (Microsoft Word version 6.0 or later). Using this document as a template is highly recommended as it gives the best input for the final publications. (Papers prepared using applications other than Microsoft Word must conform to the format and criteria detailed in this document). )2 OUR APPROACH(FONT: HELVETICA, 9PT, CAPITALIZED, BOLD, LINE SPACE 11PT)Headings are numbered and capitalized. All major headings are centered in bold in 9 fonts. Do not put a period after the text of the heading.There should be no more than three levels of heading.Body of the paper: The whole paper should be written in “Times New Roman” font except the titles in the paper. Except the title of the paper that is in 22-font size and authors‟ names in 13-font size, with their affiliations in10-fontsize, the whole paper should be written in 10 fonts. The first paragraph of the article should be top grid, the first line of other paragraphs should be indent for 0.25cm, spacing before paragraph 6 pt, line space 12 pt.Please use 2 columns. The line spacing should be 12 pounds. Every paper should be less than or equal to 5 pages. The paper should be written in the format of A4 with the margin of 2.26cm top, 2.54cm bottom, 0cm left, 1.41cm right,1.69cm gutter. Do not use headers and footers, do not use end notes and do not put page numbers. Microsoft Word file is strongly preferred.3 CREATION AND MAPPING OF THE TASK GRAPH 3.1 Generation of tasks and task graph(font: helvetica, 9pt. The first letter of first word should be capitalized, bold,spacing before paragraph 18pt, spacing after paragraph 7pt, line space 11pt)Let NT be the number of threads andt k be the last task before this loopDO I = 1, NTk = k + 1Compute bounds of t k according to loop schedule Compute array accesses by tasks t kAdd t k to NENDDOFigure 1 The generation of tasks from an OpenMP parallel loop Figures and tables should be placed as close as possible to where they are cited. Captions should be Times New Roman 9-point, bold. Figures and Tables should be numbered separately and consecutively. Avoid color diagrams. Figure‟s captions should be flush center below the figures, and Table captions should be in center above the table body. Initially capitalize only the first word of each caption. Table contents should be Times New Roman 9-point, italic.All equations should be placed on separate lines and numbered consecutively, with the equation numbers placed within parentheses and aligned against the right margin.Figure 18 ADI kernel code ACKNOWLEDGEMENT(FONT: HELVETICA, 9PT, CAPITALIZED, BOLD)Use the singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.Sponsor and financial support acknowledgments expre ssions such as “This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 123456”.REFERENCES(FONT: HELVETICA, 9PT, CAPITALIZED, BOLD)Balasundaram, V. and Kennedy, K. (1989) …A techniques for summarising data access and its use in parallelism enhancing transformations‟, Proceedings of ACM SIGPLAN’89 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, June.Hanging indent 0.51cm, line space 10 pt。
论文英文版

Analysis of the Combination of Tragic and Delightful Facets in The Old Man and the SeaClass One房书慧毕业论文ContentsContentsIntroductionI. The tragic ambience in the Old Man and the Sea.A. Analysis of the old man for the tragic ambience.1. Th e tragic ambience in the old man’s daily life.2. The tragic nature---people and objects around the old man brought to him.3. The old man’s tragic ending.B. Analysis of the big marlin for tragic ambience.C. The tragic ambience connected with the author’s life.II. The delightful facet in the old man and the sea.A. The delightful facet from the old man.1. Analysis of the old man’s character.2. Inspiring ending of the old man.3. The delightful facet shown by the boy’s coming back.B. The big fish’s noble character and morals.C. The success in spirit connected with the author’s life.III. The combination of the tragic facet and the delightful facet in the novel.Conclusion本科论文Introduction IntroductionHemingway's story began by depicting the interaction between the two primary characters as they prepared their fishing gear for the following day near a Gulf Stream harbor in 1940’s. Santiago's attitude seemed to be that although he was faced with tragedy -- as everyone was sooner or later in life -- he would not cease struggling. By struggling against a big marlin for three days and nights, he finally killed it. But several groups of sharks frequently attacked the dead marlin on the way. He did not take the whole of it back at last but just its head, tail and the whole spine.Analysis of Heroism Reflected in The Old Man and the Sea: “He hooked a big marlin. This was one of his successes. He drove away the sharks from time to time on his way home even though his fish was almost eaten up by the sharks. This was his second success-- the success in spirit”.Ⅰ. The Tragic Ambience in the Old Man and the SeaHemingway used terse language to describe a real story, vivid images and wonderful plot. The story still contained a lot of tragic things although the old man had succeeded in spirit at last and his spirit was inspiring and valuable to people. The old man and the big fish were two separate individuals which were closely related. Their fate could not be separated from each other. They had tragic destiny because of the affection to each other from their existence. They were both tragic characters in the whole story and made people feel sentimental in that circumstances. Additionally, Hemingway created this ambience unconsciously because his life was filled with tragedies. So it showed one aspect of the author's life and could not be separated from it.A. Analysis of the Old Man for the Tragic Ambience1. The Tragic Ambience in the Old Man’s Daily Life"The tail was patched with flour sacks and, furled; it looked like the flag of permanent defeat". The style of the tail described by Hemingway reflected that Santiago was in straitened circumstances. This living condition made people feel miserable. The old man's wife had died several years ago which could be inferred from the story. He had no money to buy food and could not afford the cost to eat in the restaurant as other people did. This kind of life was so pathetic that no one, who had heard his present condition, could feel at ease for him.2. The Tragic Nature--People and Objects Around the Old Man Brought to HimMost of the fishermen considered the sea as a while the old man considered it as a female. He thought it was gentle and soft and forgave the wild or wicked things it sometimes had done. But it was unimaginable that it was the sea which he loved all along that brought groups of sharks continuously on his way home. All that the sea brought to him was the things which made him an entire failure from a great success.3. The Old Man’s T ragic EndingThe tragic result that he received was to be sneered by the other fishermen in the Terrace after his eighty four days of failure in hooking fish. These young people were not warm to him. He was just a joke in their eyes. How about the older fishermen? Hemingway said in this novel like this:" Though the older fishermen felt sad for him, what they did was not to comfort and encourage him, but to avoid talking about it. Maybe they did not want to show their fear about this truth. Maybe they feared facing the same situation one day. In a word, there was no one sympathizing with him except the boy.B. Analysis of the Big Marlin for Tragic AmbienceThe big marlin lived in the place far from the shore of Gulf Stream. People seldom sailed far out to the sea. So it lived in this vast beautiful area and enjoyed freedom. It was growing stronger and stronger in this environment and would originally live happily until its death. However, the old man's sailing out changed its fate. This was the fish's tragedy.It was bound to the skiff after it died because it was too long to be put into the skiff. This was the beginning of its bad luck.. After this attack, the big fish lost half of its flesh and had only a head, a big tail and the white naked backbone left. It suffered several attacks after its death, which was so miserable that everyone would cover his eyes at the first sight he saw the scene. What a tragic fate it had!C. The Tragic Ambience Connected with the Author's LifeHemingway had participated in World WarⅠand World WarⅡwhich changed his opinion of the society. He felt that the world was filled with violence and illusive things.Hemingway experienced a lot and received a lot. He made contributions to the society. But he also suffered a lot in the end. So we can see his life was really a tragedy. It was natural that his works were permeated tragic ambience. This was the reflection of his toughness in the novel.Ⅱ. The Delightful Facet in The Old Man and the SeaThough the old man could not get anything through his struggling at last, we could learn a lot of things from him. Though the big fish was killed by the old man and bit by the sharks, it showed valuable and noble character and morals to the people. People could feel sorry for their vicissitudes of life. At the same time, people learned philosophy from them. The old man was optimistic, confident and patient. The big marlin was insistent and indomitable. The boy was sensible and kind-hearted. To everyone's gratification, the old man succeeded in spirit.A. The Delightful Facet from the Old Man1. Analysis of the Old Man's CharacterThe old man was optimistic. He did not live on fishing, but fishing had already become part of his life and part of his memory. This was a true man, living, being tolerant to everything-- derision, solitude and even the leaving of the boy.The old man was confident. His rich experience and skill of fishing acquired day by daymade him confident. He believed that he would hook a big fish.The old man was patient. The fish which stayed in the 600 foot under the sea was clever. The fish under the quiet surface was competing with the patience against the old man and struggling against the old man as if this was the last moment of the peaceful world.2. The Inspiring Ending of the Old ManHuman nature is valiant. But man has a limited extension of this nature. The old man challenged this limitation again and again, the limitation expanded again and again, and the bigger challenge was put in front of human again and again. The old man was a real hero." The old man was a failure in the aspect of material, but he succeeded in the aspect of his spirit, his confidence, his dignity and his courage trying his best to fight against the fate.3. The Delightful Facet Shown by the Boy's Coming BackThe boy was the old man's phase of young age in his sub consciousness. It was the boy that had given Santiago encouragement and strength while he was on the sea. He had remembered the boy several times on the sea and he really needed the boy so much. The boy's coming back showed that he disregarded the authority of his parents and the superstition for luck that the fisherman always believed in. It also showed that the boy was becoming mature under the old man's inspiration. The old man could feel the happiness and hope out of this failure.B. The Big Fish’s Noble Character and MoralsThe old man was great. So it was obvious to see another great thing that had been praised by the old man. In the novel, the old man said: “Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or nobler thing than you, brother (Hemingway, 70) ". This was a high praise to it though it was killed by the old man and then bit by the sharks. Its beauty and dignity could not disappear with its death. The white naked line of its backbone was also pretty and surprising to the people. So its death was solemn and stirring.C. The Success in Spirit Connected with the Author’s LifeHemingway was rejected for regular military service in World War I because of poor eyesight in his left eye, so he drove a Red Cross ambulance in Italy, distributing chocolate to Italian troops. While recuperating from serious wounds in a Red Cross hospital in Milan, His life was meaningful and his experience had given him a lot of help with his works. However, after these experiences, there were 237 pieces of the bullet that had been ever left in his body. The hurt of the illness and the exhaustion of creativity for literature made him suffer a lot.Ⅲ. The Combination of the Tragic Facet and the Delightful Facet in the Novella The old unlucky poor man-- Santiago had a tragic fate, but, at the same time, he was a winner who could not be defeated. The old man admitted his failure bravely. But he still believed his strength absolutely. According to the author's experiences, he had experienced a lot and made contribution to his country. In this sense, he was also a hero. However, he was defeated by the pain of the illness. His health was worsening day by day. He finally shot himself to end this pain. In this novella, the author put his own image onto the old man-- Santiago. He said Santiago was a success in spirit, which was also the way he used to deal with his own fate.ConclusionThe combination of tragic facet and delightful facet was where the success of this novel lay which made the novel a masterpiece in Hemingway’s articles. This writing style was so special and attractive that it showed Hemingway’s lofty and productive thinking. This style made an indelible impression on readers’ minds.The author created several tragic characters in this novel, for example, the old man--Santiago, the big marlin and so on, which had miserable fate. All of the plots and circumstances included tragic ambience and everyone would feel sad for the characters’ sufferings. As a matter of fact, this was not totally a tragic story althoughit included such a tragic atmosphere. The words said by Santiago and his action after he was defeated reflected Hemingway's view of life and the principle of his behavior. Success in spirit gave failures courage and dignity. This was the most reasonable cause for the style of the story and this naturally became the novella's soul of whole structure.。
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Graduation Thesis
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A B S T R A C T O F G R A D U AT I O N T H E S I S
Index(ARIAL 14号,加粗,居中)
Chapter I Introduction(作为正文第1章chapter I,ARIAL 12号字体,下同 (1)
ChapterII××××××(正文第2章)……………………page.
2.1××××××(C h a p t e r I I,P a r t I)…………………p 2.2 ××××××(Chapter II, Part II )……………………………………
2.3 ××××××(Chapter II, Part X)………………………………………p Chapter III×××××(Chapter III)………………………………………………p ………………………………(略)
X ×××××(Chapter X)……………………………………………………p Conclusion………………………………………………………………………p Bibliography…………………………………………………………………p Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………p Appendix I ××××(if needed)…………………………………………p AppendixB ××××(if needed)……………………………………………p Picture 1 ×××××(if needed)…………………………………………p Picture 2 ×××××(if needed)………………………………………………p Chart1 ×××××(if needed)……………………………………………p Chart 2 ×××××(if needed)……………………………………………p
注:1. 目次中的内容一般列出“章”、“条”二级标题即可;
2.X、p表示具体的数字。
1章标题,用ARIAL 14
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段后0.5行,居中)
×××××××××(ARIAL 12号字体双倍行距)×××××××××××××××××××××…………
1.1 ××××××(作为正文2级标题,用ARIAL 12号字体加粗)×××××××××(ARIAL 12号字体,2倍行距)××××××…………
1.1.1 ××××(作为正文3级标题,用ARIAL 12号字体,不加粗)
×××××××××(ARIAL12号字体,2倍行距)×××××××××××××××××××××××××××…………
(空一行)
2 ×××××××(作为正文第2章标题,用ARIAL 14号字体,
加粗,并留出上下间距为:段前0.5行,段
后0.5行)
×××××××××(ARIAL 12号字体,2倍行距)×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××…………
注:1.正文中表格与插图的字体一律用ARIAL 12号字体;
2.正文各页的格式请以此页为标准复制。
Conclusion(ARIAL 14号字体,加粗,居中)
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Bibliography(ARIAL 14号字体,加粗,居左)
1 ×××××××(ARIAL 12号字体,双倍行距)×××××
2 ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××
3 ××××××××××××××××××××××
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例如:
1 刘国钧,陈绍业,王凤翥.图书馆目录.第1版.北京:高等教育出版社,1957
2 傅承义,陈运泰,祁贵中.地球物理学基础.北京:科学出版社,1985,447
3 华罗庚,王元.论一致分布与近似分析.中国科学,1973(4):339~357
4 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集研究:[学位论文],北京:数学系统学研究所,1983
5 Borko H,Bernier C L.Indexing concepts and methods .New York:Academic Pr,1978
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参考文献要求见附件1
Paper format:
请参考是否有必要给学生讲解英文标点符号的用法,标点是跟着句子,之后再空格,很多学生并不知道这一点,论文当中标点和空格乱用,致使文章看起来非常混乱
Acknowlegement(ARIAL 14号字体,加粗,居中)
×××××××××(ARIAL 12号字体,2倍行距)×××××××××××××××××××××…………
注:
1.正文章目:引言(研究背景和研究内容)、文献综述(相关研究现状)、研究(资料数据收集)过程和方法、研究结果(资料数据处理)和讨论(分析)、结束语;
2. 篇幅要求:正文8000字左右;
3. 编辑打印格式:A4纸打印。