2021年国际金融论文
金融论文范文精选3篇(全文)

金融论文范文精选3篇最近几年,在深化体制改革、保持经济增长、克服通货紧缩的过程中,人们的眼光已越来越多地转向了民间投资,扩大民营企业融资的问题也日益引起了各方面的关注,进展民间金融的问题也日益提上了政策研讨的日程;而加入WTO、进一步对外开放的前景也引起了人们关于如何“对内开放”问题的讨论。
的确,在这方面,有许多问题值得进一步的分析与探讨。
改善资源配置进展民间金融,扩大民营企业的融资渠道,不仅是扩大民间投资、增加就业的需要,更重要地,它是ZG经济进一步健康进展、金融市场和金融体制进一步进展、健全的需要。
在我们的经济中,目前非国有经济对GDP贡献已达63%,对工业增加值的贡献已达74%,而在全部银行信贷资产中,非国有经济使用的比率不到30%,70%以上的银行信贷仍然由国有部门利用(证券市场上的直接融资也主要是为国有企业服务的)。
而国有部门目前对工业增加值的贡献率只有不到30%。
这种情况的后果,自然是一方面在国有企业和国有银行之间存在大量的坏账,而另一方面则是非国有经济的“融资渠道不畅”,制约着整个经济的进一步进展,也制约着金融市场的成熟和进展。
纠正资源配置的上述扭曲,显然是当前ZG经济改革和进展所面临的一个重大课题。
进展市场竞争与改善市场治理进展民间金融,也有利于进展金融业的市场竞争和对竞争的治理。
过去20年ZG的市场化改革和市场竞争的进展,在很大程度上得益于民营经济的进展和它们带来的竞争机制。
但是,过去我们积极在制造业进展民营经济,引入市场竞争的同时,却忽视了在金融市场上进展民营经济和市场竞争,致使在金融领域内仍是国有企业、国有银行处于垄断地位,竞争严峻不足。
这种状况不仅不利于金融市场的进展,也不利于对金融市场进行规范、治理的进展与成熟。
其原因在于:政府对市场的治理水平,是随着市场竞争的展开而逐步提高的,治理者只能随着被治理者的成长而成长;只有市场竞争主体进展了、竞争存在了、展开了,治理者才会知道问题会出在什么地方,应该管什么、怎么管。
国际金融论文英文版

Which is better,floating or fixed rate? Summary:This article first introduces the basic principles of the floating exchange rate system and the fixed exchange rate system ,shows the role of economic stability that monetary and fiscal policy play under the two exchange rate system.Then it introduces the Bretton Woods system and course and causes why fixed exchange rates system changed into floating exchange rate system in 1973, from which it sum up the support and against views of the two exchange rate systems and carry out specific assessment. At last, it summaries experiences since operating the floating exchange rate system,puts international cooperation at a very important place, and puts forward the direction of the floating exchange rate system reform in the future.Key words:floating exchange rate system ,fixed exchange rate system, expansionary monetary policy, expansionary fiscal policy, Bretton Woods systemFirst 、Floating exchange rateF loating exchange rate system is the systtem that Government's monetary authorities do not influence the exchange rate through the foreign exchange market intervention ,in which the exchange rate is completely flexible.1 、Mechanism of floating exchange rateThe foreign exchange market equilibrium conditions: meet the interest rate parityR=R*+ (Ee-E) /E, R is the domestic interest rate, R * is the foreign interest, Ee is the expected exchange rate, E is the current exchange rateDomestic money market equilibrium condition: interaction of money demand and money supplyMs/P=L(R,Y), Ms is the money supply, P is the domestic price level, R is the national interest,Y is national outputCombine the two formulaMoney market equilibrium determines the domestic interest rate R.Then through the " Interest rate parity" determines the country's exchange rate. From this, we know the exchange rate formes from the foreign exchange market and the domestic money market mutual decision. When the two asset market equilibrium is achieved, the current exchange rate E and interest rate R all come out. From this we can see any factor which influences domestic money market equilibrium will affect the country's exchange rate. Following , through AA-DD model let ’s focus our attention on how monetary and fiscal policies affect the exchange rate .2 、Policy under floating exchange rate system used for economic stabilityShort-term equilibrium in open economy :AA-DD modelAA curve is the combination of all the output and exchange rate ,which lead to assets market equilibrium in short-term, DD curve is the combination of all the output and exchange rate ,which reach product market equilibrium in short-term. The intersection of two curves is short-term equilibrium at which the asset market and product market can reach equilibrium at the same time. Expansionary monetary policy will cause AA curve shifts to the right, expansionary fiscal policy would make DD curve shift to the right.(1) Expansionary monetary policyIncreasing of the money supply will lead to currency depreciation, expansion of production, thereby increasing employment.(2) Expansionary fiscal policyIncreasing in government spending leads to increasing demand for money, to promote the interest rates.As a result the currency appreciates.Second 、Fxed rateFixed exchange rate system is the system that the Government's monetary authorities influences the exchange rate through the foreign exchange market intervention, in which the exchange rate is fixed at a certain level.1 、Introduction of fixed exchange rate mechanismThe foreign exchange market equilibrium: also meet the “interest rate parity”, R = R * + (Ee-E), but because the Central Bank fixed the exchange rate at a certain the level E0 ,expected exchange rate and the current exchange rate is the same . Interest rate parity under the fixed exchange rate is R = R *.Money market equilibrium: also meet Ms/P = L (R, Y), but because the interest rate remains in R *, the money market equilibrium equation under the fixed exchange rate is Ms/P = L (R *, Y).It means that the Central Bank must make use of the foreign exchange market intervention to make money supply meet the equation.Put the two togetherAnd different from floating exchange rate system, under fixed exchange rate system the equilibrium interest rate can initially be get by foreign exchange market equilibrium.That is,every c ountry is the recipient of world interest rates.Then through the money market equilibrium their own money supply is determined. For example: a country's output increase will raise the demand for money, to maintain the fixed exchange rate their level of interest rates have to stay at the level of the world ,avoiding increasing.So it requires the central bank must increase the money supply, to prevent currency appreciation. Central bank intervenes in the foreign exchange market by buying foreign exchange intervention.The process of it is to launch the base currency to the market, increasing the money supply.2 、Policy under fixed rate system used for economic stabilityAA-DD model(1) Expansionary monetary policyIn order to increase output, the central bank will increase the money supply through the purchase of domestic assets, which makes the exchange rate raises. In order to maintain a fixed exchange rate, the central bank has to sell international reserves in the foreign exchange market, in exchange for local currency to reduce the money supply.Ultimately when the increasing of the central bank domestic assets exactly is equal to the reduction of official reserves, the economic returns to the original balance.A n d totally different from fixed exchange rate system, under floating exchange rate system, monetary policy can not affect the money supply and the output but can only affect the international reserves.That is, in this case monetary policy is ineffective and the central bank losts its ability of using monetary policy to stabilize the economy.(2) Expansionary fiscal policyOutput increasing raises the demand for currency.To prevent excess money demand fromcausing higher interest rate and currency appreciation, the Central Bank must purchase foreign assets in the foreign exchange market,thereby increasing the money supply so that the exchangerate unchanged ,output increases, and official reserves increases.And different from monetary policy, fiscal policy works very well in improving output. Compared with floating exchange rate system, under fixed rate system fiscal policy enables output increasing more and has better stimulation in economic. Under floating exchange rate system, expansionary fiscal policy causes the local currency appreciation, followed by the expansion of exports, by which the direct impact of fiscal policy on expanding aggregate demand is partly offset.Under fixed exchange rate system, the foreign exchange market intervention of the Central Bank, making money supply increases in the non-active, has additional expansion effect.Third 、the fixed exchange rate changes into the floating exchange rate systemJuly 1944, four countries in New Hampshire's Bretton Woods in the United States held international monetary conference to determine a new fixed exchange rate system. The "Bretton Woods agreement" requires national currencies maintaining fixed rates against the U.S. dollar exchange rate, and the ratio of US dollar to gold price must fix at 35 dollars per ounce. The official reserves of members held in the form of gold or U.S. dollars, and had the right to exchange gold at official price in the U.S. Federal Reserve banks. That is the so-called "double hook": all national currencies were pegged to the dollar, and the dollar was pegged to gold, other currencies indirectly maintaining a fixed exchange ratio with gold. The system is the gold exchange standard based on the basic reserve currency of U.S. dollar .In the system the United States had a special status, because it did not interfere in the foreign exchange market,but could still use monetary policy to maintain the stability of the economy.If the United States increased the supply of the dollar, in order to maintain the fixed exchange rate against the dollar and prevent their currency from appreciation to the dollar, other countries must use their currency to purchase US dollar assets, expanding their money supply. So we can see that under the dollar standard system the role of monetary policy played by every country is not symmetrical.America can use monetary policy not only to influence its national economy, but also affect foreign economic and other countries in order to keep the fixed rate against the US dollar have to abandon monetary policy on economic stability and was forced to import in the United States monetary policy, all which makes the United States have the huge economic power.Natural asymmetry of the system, eventually led to crash ofBretton Woods system in 1973 after the war .After the 1960s American excessive expansion of fiscal policies, resulting in the early 1970s the market’s strong expectation of devaluation on the dollar, a large number of people’s selling dollar makes other national monetary supply sprawl; at the same time, the United States expansionary monetary policy makes inflation of the whole world intensify, so foreign governments refuse to import American inflation because of implementing such a fixed exchange rate system and to pay the appropriate policy of the United States. Later the world economy fell in a series of crisis.In the end, the United States Government unilaterally announced stopping gold convertibility, which is regarded as the proclamation that Bretton Woods system meltdown. Fourth 、compare floating exchange rate system with fixed exchangerate system about the advantages and disadvantagesFacts have proved that the fixed exchange rate system could not be reinstated.Since 1973, industrialized countries have adopted floating exchange rate system.1 、Endorsement of floating exchange rate system(1) Monetary policy autonomyUnder fixed exchange rate system ofBretton Woods system, besides US other countries in order to maintain fixed rate with US dollar, hardly use the monetary policy to achieve the internal and external balance, but can only import US's inflation.In final several years the fixed rate of exchange system's, Central Banks can only strictly limit the international payments day by day to guarantee strict control over the domestic currency supplies. But this control is only successful in the aspect of strengthening the monetary policy function, and will actually have the twist effect on the international trade.Under the floating exchange rate system, Central Bank restores the control of currency, and does not need to undertake the duty of stabilizing its currency value any longer.Moreover, every country can choose the long-term inflation which the fund is willing to accept, instead of importing foreign country’s inflation passively. One of the most powerful theories supportin g floating exchange rate is that it can isolate the influence brought by the overseas continuing inflation with the help of automatic exchange rate adjustment. This isolation mechanism is the purchasing parity: When world economics' change is about currency, the purchasing parity will maintain effective in long-term, and the exchange rate change will finally counter-balance inflation rate differences exactly among the countries. Under the floating exchange rate system, the international foreign exchange market will be able to adjust automatically the exchange rate to the very point at which the influence of the US inflation on other national is eliminatedThus it avoids the difficult problem on once again determining the currency value under the fixed rate system.(2) SymmetryUnder Bretton Woods system, the United States is in the center of the international monetary system, leading to two kinds of asymmetry: the U.S. dollar serves as the international reserve currency ,so other countries are "pegged" to dollar.That is, the Fed decided the world's money supply, while other central banks can not decide on the supply of currency; any country could devalue against the dollar, while the dollar can not devalue against other currencies.F loating exchange rate system can eliminate the asymmetry: other currencies are no longer pegged to the dollar, do not have to be large U.S. dollar holdings, and will be free to determine the money supply; when U.S. monetary policy or fiscal policy change its own exchange rate, there is no special obstruction; all countries exchange rates are resulted from the market not the government.(3) Automatic stabilizer functionUnder fixed exchange rate system, the falls of export demand would lead to " fundamental imbalance."Under floating exchange rate system, depreciation would make the demand for national products pick up.Under fixed exchange rate system, since the central bank reduces money supply, output will eventually reduces to a lower level. The impact effect is different between the two systems.Floating exchange rate system can promote the economy itself to adjust relatively painlessly and quick: export demand falls-> reduce demand on the domestic currency->local currency depreciate->increase demand on national goods.2、Opposition viewpoint against floating exchange rate systemDurring War I to World War II, the practice of floating exchange rates also made people sceptical about it and thought that it will adversely affect the world economy.(1) Lacks the sense of disciplineCritics argue floating exchange rates: under floating exchange rate central banks have no discipline, so they may take expansion of the monetary policy and fiscal policy.Supporters of floating exchange rates have this explanation: in the Bretton Woods system, binding of the United States is relatively small, resulting in exacerbating global inflation in the late 20th 60s, and the erroneous policy of the United States will affect economic conditions in other countries .Under the floating exchange rate system, when policy of one government is not implemented, the impact of inflation will be limited in this country.(2) Destabilizing speculation on currency and money market unrestCritics argue floating exchange rates: experience and practice of floating exchange rates show that, money market speculation may cause a greater range of exchange rate fluctuations. Expectation on a currency devaluation is to come true automatically. Destabilizing effect from selling the weak currency, not only impedes international trade, but also might make people expect the future inflation, causing wage – price going up spirally again leading to a new round of depreciation.Countries may be caught in the "vicious cycle" of devaluation and inflation.Another objection is: when there are fluctuations in domestic currency markets, the floating exchange rate will make the economy more vulnerable. The fixed exchange rate can eliminate the impact on the economy from the instability in the domestic money market. If most of the economic impact comes from the domestic money market, the view of supporting fixed exchange rate is stronger.However, if output fluctuations in the market is dominated, then the fixed exchange rate system would have a more adverse impact on the economy.Supporters of floating exchange rates have this explanation: Under the fixed exchange rate system, when central bank appears unexpected reserves loss, people expect the currency will depreciate, then speculators sell a lot of this currency ,exacerbating the reserve loss ,which may result in unnecessary depreciation. Under the floating exchange rate system, the instability of speculation will eventually lead to jeopardizing the interests of speculators.As a result the speculators with instability will be drived out of the market,and the left is speculators who can speed up the adjustment of the exchange rate approaching to its long-term value to avoid long-term loss.(3) Not conducive to international trade and international investmentCritics argue floating exchange rates: inherent variability of floating exchange rate makes relative international price become so unpredictable.It will have adverse affect on international trade and investment. The exchange rate for international trade increases risk and cost, so that the trade and revenue from it go down. Return on investment has more uncertainty and it hinders the flow of capital for production.Supporters of floating exchange rates have this interpretation: international traders can avoid t h e risk through forward foreign exchange market and floating exchange rate makes the forward foreign exchange market expand. Opponents believe that transaction cost of the operation offorward foreign exchange is too high to believe it can completely eliminate the exchange rate risk.(4) Mutually uncoordinated economic policyCritics argue floating exchange rates: the Bretton Woods systems helps to set up the orderly international trade system,in which countries will not use competitive devaluations once happened in the Great Depression. Under t he floating exchange rate, countries’free dom of changeing their exchange rate may motivate them to "beggar thy neighbor". For example, expansionary monetary policy causes currency devaluation to improve their current account, output, employment, but at the same time makes the currency of foreign currencies appreciating with the foreign current account deterioration, that is, the output of own country increasing is at the price that the output of its neighboring countries goes down.The promoters of floating foreign exchange rates gave such explainations to the situation: The exchange rate adjustments under the Bretton Woods System were unfair,and fixed exchange rate, as a so-called 'solution' to the international balancing issues of monetary policies, had only granted United States an overpower on global monetary regulations, and consequently created abuse of the priority. Under the floating foreign exchange rate policy, many countries had realized the importance of international cooperations, and have been positively exploring and seeking a new form of international cooperation on monetary policy. for better prospects on economical development on participating countries.(5)The misconception of autonomyCriticizers of the floating FX rate claimed that domestic monetary policies are not necessarily completely free, but also influenced by movements on FX rates. For example, when money supply of a country increases, the depreciation on local currency causes increase on price level of imported products. To ensure the residents' wellbeing remain unchanged, labourers will claim for wage raises and eventually result into increases on inflation. Moreover, as local manufacturers use imported products as resources of reproduction, depreciation on local currency causes increases on the production costs, and hence on commodity prices. Therefore, floating FX rate has positive impacts on inflation level.Besides, criticizer had also stated that the insulating effect of floating FX rate on foreign inflation is limited. For example, foreign inflation increases foreign production and meanwhile increases foreign demands on domestic commodoties and hence increases domestic products.Floating FX rates pomoters' explaination to this is, however, that the influences shall be rectified through use of legally reguated floating FX rates.Fifth 、the experience of floating exchange rate system since 19731 、The experience of running a floating exchange rate system neither fully supports the agreement or confirms the criticism.Viewpoint of isolating the economy and the inflation for a long time is important, in a shorttime possibly is untenable.The role that the exchange rate takes as the macro economic goal causes the independency which Central Bank enjoys under the floating exchange rate system reducing.No empirical data provides support for the "vicious cycle".Viewpoint that flexible exchange rate would hamper international trade and investment is not supported by credible experience.Durable fixed exchange rate may not be achieved unless the creation of a single currency.2 、But draw a clear conclusion: International cooperation is important.We use“both countries model”(the HH -FF model) to explain how a country behavior does affect its trade partner’s economy, to see the importance of the coordination of countries' policy.National produce market balance (HH curve): Y=C (Y-T) +I+G+CA (EP*/P, Y-T, Y*-T*), Y is national output, T is national tax, C (Y-T) is the expense; I is the investment, G is the government purchases, E is the currency exchange rate, P is the domestic price level, P* is the foreign price level, Y* is the foreign country’s output, T* is the foreign tax, CA (EP*/P, Y-T, Y*-T*) is national current account.Foreign manufacture market balance (the FF curve): Y*=C* (Y*-T*) +I*+G*-CA (EP*/P, Y-T, Y*-T*)/(EP*/P), C* (Y*- T*) is the foreign resident’s expends, I* is the foreign investment,G* is the foreign government purchasesUnify bothNational expansionary monetary policyMoney supply increases, equilibrium level of national output market increases,the equilibrium level of foreign output market reduces, this is known as "beggar thy neighbor" policy, to improve own situation in the cost of damaging neighboring countries.National expansionary fiscal policyBoth domestic and foreign output increasesand there is a good cycle in long-term: Y up ->Y * up –> Y up, one country’s expansionary fiscal policy will boost the world economy and achieve a win-win situation.A country's economic policies have spillover effects which affect the economies of other countries, which shows the interdependence between countries.Because of this dependency, policy coordination in promoting the sound development of world economy plays a very important role. Sixth 、Conclusion: the direction of the floating exchange rate reform Fixed exchange rate is unlikely to resume in the near future. Because maintaining the fixed exchange rate for a long term needs strict control over capital flows, such efforts are doomed to a lack of credibility, not lasting long. So fixed exchange rate system can hardly bring the benefits its supports promised.With more policy coordination among countrys,the operation of a floating exchange rate system will be more favorable. Enhancing international cooperation and coordination is the overall direction and the main objectives of the current floating exchange rate system. References:保罗·R ·克鲁格曼茅瑞斯·奥伯斯法尔德《国际经济学》马正兵《固定汇率制和浮动汇率制的福利比较及启示》价格月刊 2009 年 5 月第 384 期刘兴华《汇率制度选择问题的理论之争及评析》吉首大学学报 2004 年 1 月第 1 期赵武《汇率制度和货币政策的协同分析》广东金融学院学报 2005 年 5 月第 3 期王梁《汇率理论与制度的发展历史》金融理财刘华《议浮动汇率制下货币政策的调节机理》华中农业大学学报 2008 年第 3 期。
有关金融市场毕业论文范文

有关金融市场毕业论文范文在金融市场中,金融制度是现代市场经济中资源配置的核心制度,金融制度内容的安排将会直接影响金融市场结构调整和优化的全面性。
下面是店铺为大家整理的有关金融市场毕业论文,供大家参考。
金融市场毕业论文篇一:金融市场运营监管制度研究【摘要】金融经济中的风险主要发生在金融市场的运作中,随着经济全球一体化的发展,金融市场的主体和观念都发生了变化,经济活动变得复杂,这就促进了金融市场中全新运营监管制度的出现。
对于金融市场监管制度中的模式、内容、监管目的等都要进行改革创新,从而适应经济发展浪潮。
本文研究了金融全球化下的金融市场监管制度,为金融市场的运营稳定提供了参考建议。
【关键词】金融全球化;金融市场运营;监管制度金融市场的运营中带有一定的金融风险,这种金融风险即监管的核心,在经济全球化的发展趋势下,金融市场在运营过程中会出现非常多的变化,局势或波动或复杂,这就给市场运营的稳定带来了困难。
为了提升金融市场运营的效率,减少潜在的经济动乱,需要对市场的运营监管制度进行完善。
一、金融市场运营中的金融风险(一)金融全球化全球化金融的主要特点就是经济的跨国交易,跨国证券、对外资源、国际贷款等飞速发展,资金跨国障碍的逐渐减少,各个国家均放松了对跨国交易的约束,使得国内金融与国际金融逐步对接,离岸金融市场逐渐消失,国内外金融的界限也越来越模糊,这些都标志着金融全球化正在与国内市场相接轨,使得国内市场有着更为广阔的发展空间。
但是,需要注意的是,这种全球化的金融发展虽然提升了资源的利用效率,同时也导致国家对于金融市场的控制能力减少,金融资金来源渠道增多,非常容易出现金融紊乱的情况,本土经济无法进行外界金融的管理,加上各个国家对于金融监管的制度也不尽相同,这就使得金融市场出现了不公平的竞争现象,引发了金融市场危机。
(二)金融功能一体化传统的金融发展认为,证券、银行、保险等不同金融项目之间有着不同的功能分工,其伴随的风险也各不相同。
国际金融学案例范文

国际金融学案例范文案例一:利率政策对货币市场的影响背景:国经济增长放缓,通胀压力上升。
央行决定通过调整利率政策来调控经济,以稳定物价和促进经济增长。
挑战:央行需要根据当前经济状况和政策目标来决定如何调整利率政策。
不当的利率调整可能导致货币市场波动和金融风险。
解决方案:央行应进行充分的经济分析和政策制定。
在制定利率政策时,需要考虑以下方面:1.经济增长情况:央行需要了解当前经济的增速和前景,以确定是否需要刺激经济增长或遏制过快的增长。
如果经济增长放缓,央行可以考虑降低利率以刺激投资和消费需求。
2.通胀水平:央行需要评估通胀水平和通胀预期,以确定是否存在通胀压力。
如果通胀水平较高,央行可以考虑提高利率以抑制通胀。
3.货币市场状况:央行需要分析货币市场的供求情况和流动性状况,以避免利率过大的波动。
如果货币市场供应紧张,央行可以考虑采取措施增加流动性,以维持稳定的货币市场利率。
4.外部环境:央行还需要考虑国际经济和金融市场的状况,因为这些因素对国内货币市场和经济增长有一定影响。
如果国际经济状况不稳定,央行需要谨慎调整利率政策,以减少对外部冲击。
5.调控目标:央行需要确定利率政策的调控目标,如稳定物价、促进经济增长和维护金融稳定。
在确定调控目标时,央行应权衡不同目标之间的关系,并作出合理的抉择。
案例二:汇率波动对企业的影响背景:企业是一家出口公司,主要产品出口至美国市场。
最近,汇率波动较大,导致企业面临一些挑战。
挑战:汇率波动可能导致以下问题:1.价格竞争力:汇率贬值会使企业出口产品的价格更具竞争力,提高市场份额。
然而,汇率波动也可能导致企业面临成本上涨的压力,例如进口原材料和设备价格上涨。
2.利润波动:汇率波动会对企业的利润产生直接影响。
如果汇率贬值,企业在将外币收入兑换为本币时会受到汇兑损失。
此外,汇率波动会影响企业的外币贷款还款和外汇风险管理。
解决方案:企业应采取以下措施来应对汇率波动:1.外汇风险管理:企业可以采取外汇保值策略,如远期外汇合约或期权。
国际金融专业毕业论文研究方向分析与指导

国际金融专业毕业论文研究方向分析与指导一、引言国际金融专业是当前高校热门的专业之一,随着全球经济一体化的加深,国际金融领域的需求也越来越大。
因此,选择一个合适的毕业论文研究方向对于顺利完成学业和未来的职业发展都十分重要。
本文旨在对国际金融专业毕业论文研究方向进行分析与指导,帮助学生选择适合自己的研究方向。
二、国际金融专业研究方向分类国际金融专业的研究方向可以分为宏观和微观两个层面。
宏观层面关注全球经济形势、国际金融政策等大范围的问题,而微观层面则关注企业、金融市场等具体实体的运作与管理。
下面将对每个层面进行详细的分析。
2.1 宏观层面研究方向2.1.1 国际金融市场与金融政策这一研究方向关注国际金融市场的运作机制以及各国的金融政策对全球经济的影响。
学生可以选择研究某个国际金融市场的特点和规律,并探讨金融政策对该市场的影响以及全球经济的波动性等问题。
2.1.2 国际货币体系国际货币体系是国际金融体系的核心,研究这一方向可以探讨国际货币体系的演变、各种货币汇率的形成机制以及全球金融危机等问题。
此外,还可以研究区域性货币联盟的发展和对全球金融格局的影响。
2.1.3 国际金融监管与风险管理在当前全球金融市场频繁波动的背景下,国际金融监管和风险管理成为了热门的研究领域。
学生可以选择研究国际金融监管的现状、挑战和改革方向,以及各种风险管理工具和策略的应用与效果等问题。
2.2 微观层面研究方向2.2.1 国际公司财务管理这一研究方向关注国际公司在全球化背景下的财务决策和管理问题。
学生可以选择研究国际公司的跨国融资策略、外汇风险管理和国际税收筹划等问题,以及全球化背景下的国际合并与收购等议题。
2.2.2 国际金融市场分析研究这一方向可以着重分析国际金融市场的交易行为和价格形成机制。
学生可以选择研究某个特定国际金融市场的运作特点、资产定价模型和投资组合策略等问题,以及市场波动对企业的影响和投资者的情绪行为等议题。
国际金融案例集范文

国际金融案例集范文以下是一组国际金融案例:案例1:Lehman Brothers倒闭导致全球金融危机2024年,美国第四大投资银行Lehman Brothers倒闭,引发了全球金融危机。
Lehman Brothers在房地产市场建立了巨大的抵押贷款头寸,但由于不良贷款增加和房地产市场泡沫破裂,该公司财务状况急剧恶化。
政府拒绝出手救助,导致该公司宣布破产。
这一事件引发了全球金融市场的剧烈震荡。
许多金融机构持有与Lehman Brothers有关的债券和衍生品,这些金融产品的价值迅速下跌,导致全球金融市场流动性紧缩。
政府不得不采取紧急措施来稳定金融体系,包括提供大量资金支持银行、降低利率和采取量化宽松政策。
这一事件对全球经济造成了严重影响。
全球贸易减少,企业破产,失业率上升。
该事件也暴露出金融监管的不足,许多国家开始金融监管体系,加强监管力度以防止类似事件再次发生。
案例2:希腊债务危机希腊债务危机是欧洲面临的一场重大金融危机。
2024年,希腊政府宣布其公共财政赤字高达12.7%,这引发了对希腊政府是否能够偿还其债务的担忧。
国际金融市场对希腊国债的信心下降,导致希腊国债利率飙升。
希腊政府随后寻求国际货币基金组织(IMF)和欧洲央行(ECB)的援助。
在IMF和ECB的支持下,希腊政府推出了一系列削减开支和提高税收的紧缩措施,以换取贷款。
然而,这些措施导致了公众的不满和社会动荡,为国内政治局势增添了更多不确定性。
这一事件暴露出了欧元区的结构性问题,包括无法共享债务和缺乏紧密一体化。
为了避免类似事件再次发生,欧洲各国开始推动进一步的银行和金融市场监管,以加强欧元区的韧性和抗风险能力。
案例3:阿根廷债务违约2001年,阿根廷宣布违约其公共债务,成为历史上最大规模的主权违约事件之一、阿根廷政府面临严重的经济衰退和政府债务危机,无法偿还其外债。
此后,阿根廷政府与其债权人展开了长时间的谈判,最终在2024年和2024年达成了一些债务重组协议。
金融论文范文10篇

金融论文范文10篇本文从网络收集而来, 上传到平台为了帮到更多的人, 如果您需要使用本文档, 请点击下载按钮下载本文档(有偿下载), 另外祝您生活愉快, 工作顺利, 万事如意!第一篇:对当前经济金融形势的若干思考一、引言自改革开放以来, 我国宏观经济整体呈持续向上的趋势, 社会生产力不断提升, 但是各产业部门的发展严重失衡, 产能水平参差不齐, 加上不同时期政策倾向的引导, 造成了非常严重的经济结构性问题。
不可否认的是我国各产业部门的生产力水平经过近四十年的发展, 取得了很大的进步, 在市场经济背景下, 大部分产品市场已经转变为买方市场, 供大于求的现象非常普遍。
这种转变使得我国宏观经济过热的迹象非常明显, 并且具有非常高的通胀预期。
因此, 对结构性问题进行分析, 并对现阶段的经济金融形势进行认真的思考, 提出合理化的政策建议, 有助于加快改革进程, 引导宏观经济持续向好, 实现经济新常态的发展目标。
二、现阶段我国经济金融形势结构性问题的表现1.产品市场结构性问题。
改革开放以来, 我国企业的生产力水平实现了快速的提升。
但是各个产业部门在长期的发展过程中由于资源禀赋和政策倾向等原因使得各部門的发展水平参差不齐, 出现了非常严重的发展失衡问题。
伴随市场经济的发展, 这一结构性问题愈发严重, 由此带来的通胀预期和经济过热也对宏观经济的发展造成了非常严重的影响。
鉴于此, 我国政府及时制定发展战略对企业的发展给予政策性引导, 供给侧改革在此背景下应运而生, 尤其是对国企改革更是采取了多种政策措施。
目前, 国企混合所有制改革正在如火如荼的进行, 取得了非常大的成就, 国企的结构性问题得到很大的改善。
与此同时, 其他的一些国企经过市场化改革以后也取得了非常大的成效, 一些僵尸企业经过改革重新焕发了活力或者被市场化淘汰。
对于民营企业来说, 在供给侧改革背景下, 其发展的形式和方式也更加丰富。
通过对企业进行改革, 以达到对产品市场结构进行调节的目的, 进而有效解决产品市场的结构性问题。
2021年国际经济法论文【二篇】

【论文写作】论文通常用来指在各个学术领域进行研究,描述学术研究成果的文章,简称论文。
以下是为大家整理的关于国际经济法论文的文章2篇 ,欢迎品鉴!【篇一】国际经济法论文【摘要】多哈回合谈判是WTO成立以来发起的第一轮多边贸易谈判。
这次谈判从2001年WTO第四次部长会议启动以来,历经跌宕起伏的磋商和僵局、艰苦的讨价还价,期间因参与谈判的关键成员意见分歧过大,被WTO宣布无限期中止,后又在多种不确定因素下重新恢复,2008年7月29日,由于美国拒绝让步,美国、欧盟和中国等7个成员就发展中国家农产品特殊保障机制的谈判最终以失败告终。
本文拟通过分析多哈回合谈判屡陷困境的原因,进而对多哈回合谈判遇阻后国际经济法的区域化特点进行描述,最后对国际经济法的全球化与区域化并举发展趋势进行展望,并尝试提出中国的因应举措。
【关键词】多哈回合TPP谈判TTIP谈判RECP谈判一、WTO多哈回合谈判受阻的原因分析多哈回合谈判启动以来,一波三折、屡陷困境。
究其原因,主要有以下几方面(一)多边管辖范围过分拓宽,谈判议题广泛而且含混WTO成立以来,多边贸易体制管辖的范围不断拓宽,直到成员国的国内规则、文化偏好甚至伦理问题等国内规则领域,这些问题非常敏感,也使得市民社会和各种利益相关者越来越关注多边贸易体制,这是对多边贸易体制的一大挑战。
而多哈回合的谈判议题不仅包括农业、工业品关税、服务贸易、知识产权、反倾销等传统领域,还涉及渔业补贴、贸易便利化、原产地标识及生物多样性公约等全新的领域。
由于谈判议题广泛而且含混,使多哈回合谈判增加了很多不确定性,最终造成多哈回合旷日持久、屡陷困境。
(二)wTO内部的决策机制存在内在缺陷和矛盾WTO的决策机制包括三种决策方式协商一致、投票和“绿屋会议”。
协商一致是其最主要的决策方式。
但各成员在经济规模、发展水平、能力建设上千差万别,WTO要在协商一致的基础上让153个成员达成协议决不是轻而易举的事。
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国际金融期末论文欧阳光明(2021.03.07)题目:当前人民币国际化面临的机遇、挑战及中国的对策选择学生姓名:张令学号:14140288006专业班级:集成电路设计与集成系统1414028班指导老师:张建军2015年12月25日当前人民币国际化面临的机遇、挑战及中国的对策选择摘要2008年金融危机给人民币国际化提供了契机,自此人民币国际化持续推进。
随着中国经济实力的增强,人民币国际化给中国带来了一系列的机遇:交易成本的降低使对外贸易步伐加快,SDR的发行国使得全球资源再分配以最优化我国本土资源,中国的国际经济地位得以提高等。
同时,人民币国际化进程中中国面临着严峻的挑战:汇率的稳定性难移以保证,资本账户的开放度受国家经济体制限制,离岸货币的监管和调控制度尚未完善,对此中国正在或未来需要做出一系列的应对策略以抓住人民币国际化带给中国经济市场的机遇,并迎接其进程中的挑战。
关键词:人民币国际化;机遇;挑战;中国的对策选择目录第一章人民币国际化41.1 人民币国际化的定义和内涵 (4)1.2 人民币国际化的发展历程 (4)第二章人民币国际化面临的机遇6第二章人民币国际化面临的机遇62.1 对外贸易步伐加 (6)2.2 资源再分配以优化本国资源设置 (7)2.3 非居民持有人成为主要缴税人 (7)2.4 中国的国际经济地位可提高 (8)第三章人民币国际化面临的挑战 (9)3.1 汇率的稳定性遭到挑战 (9)3.2 资本账户的开放 (9)3.3 离岸货币的监管和宏观调控 (9)3.4 “一带一路”建设中的风险 (10)第四章中国的对策选择 (11)4.1 从贸易途径推进人民币国际化 (11)4.2 从国际金融市场推进人民币国际化 (11)4.3 资本项目可兑换 (12)4.4 利率市场化改革 (12)4.5 完善离岸监督和调控政策 (13)参考文献 (14)第一章人民币国际化1.1 人民币国际化的定义和内涵1.1.1 定义人民币国际化是指人民币能够跨越国界,在境外流通,成为国际上普遍认可的计价、结算及储备货币的过程。
1.1.2 内涵首先,一种货币可国际化一般要通过经常项目、资本项目和境外货币自由兑换等方式流出国境,并且在境外逐步担当流通手段、支付手段、储藏手段和价值尺度。
因此,人民币国际化首先要在国外享有一定的流通度,其次在各项国际贸易里,人民币作为交易币的比重要达到一定高的比重。
最后,以人民币计价的金融市场规模不断扩大,以人民币计价的金融产品成为国际各主要金融机构包括中央银行的投资工具。
随着中国经济实力的增长,改革开放后各项支政策的颁布,中国对外贸易力度加大,与周边邻国的合作加强,人民币国际化的推行势在必行。
1.2 人民币国际化的发展历程2005年7月汇改后,中国开始实行以一篮子货币为参照的有管制的浮动汇率体系,蓄意推行人民币国际化政策。
2008年,一场华尔街金融风暴席卷全球,世界经济陷入低谷,主要国际货币发行国遭受重挫,而人民币却以其自身的稳定,成为世界关注的焦点,也为我国人民币国际化的大力推行提供了契机。
2009年,经国务院批准,人民银行逐步取消人民币用于跨境交易计价结算的限制,基本建立了人民币国际使用的政策框架。
7月,六部门联合发布《跨境贸易人民币结算试点管理办法》,上海、广州、深圳、珠海、东莞首批跨境贸易人民币结算试点正式启动。
2011年1月,境内机构可以使用人民币进行对外直接投资。
2011年8月,跨境贸易人民币结算境内地域范围扩大至全国,业务范围涵盖货物贸易、服务贸易和其他经常项目,境外地域范围没有限制。
2011年10月,境外投资者可以使用人民币到境内开展直接投资。
同月,境内银行可以开展境外项目人民币贷款业务。
2011年12月,出台人民币合格境外机构投资者(RQFII)制度。
2013年3月,人民银行、证监会、外汇局修订RQFII试点办法,扩大试点机构范围,放宽投资比例限制。
2013年7月,经常项目跨境人民币结算业务办理流程进一步简化,同月,境内银行可以开展跨境人民币贸易融资资产跨境转让业务。
2014年6月,在全国范围内开展个人货物贸易、服务贸易跨境人民币结算业务,支持银行业金融机构与支付机构合作开展跨境人民币结算业务,2014年11月,符合一定条件的跨国企业集团可以开展跨境双向人民币资金池业务。
同年,沪港股票市场交易互联互通机制(沪港通)顺利推出,境外机构在境内发行人民币债券更加便利。
2015年5月,已获准进入银行间债券市场的境外人民币清算行和境外参加行可以开展债券回购交易。
11月底12月初,国际货币基金组织(IMP)同意将人民币纳入SDR国际货币篮子。
2016年人民币开始进入SDR国际货币篮子。
注:资料来源于中国人民银行网、中国人民日报网第二章人民币国际化面临的机遇2.1 对外贸易步伐加快人民币国际化最直接的效益是交易成本的降低。
(一)从大的方面讲,中国与亚太国家双边,而且亚太地区相当多的国家和地区之间的多边贸易往来,都可以以人民币为计价,无疑会很大程度上加快中国的对外贸易步伐。
据中国人民银行网站数据统计,截至2015年5月末,人民银行与32个国家和地区的中央银行或货币当局签署了双边本币互换协议,协议总规模约3.1万亿元人民币,本币互换协议的实质性动用明显增加;在15个国家和地区建立了人民币清算安排,覆盖东南亚、西欧、中东、北美、南美和大洋洲等地,支持人民币成为区域计价结算货币。
(二)从小的方面讲,人民币国际化将会降低个体对外贸易过程中的汇率风险,并且同时降低货币兑换成本。
因为,中国居民对外贸易或海外人民币持有者意在中国进行投资时,不必将人民币兑换为其他货币,可利用人民币直接结算。
而且,汇率受货币发行国经济政策以及货币在全球流通度的占有比率的影响,人民币国际化,首先人民币全球流通度将逐渐增大,在货币市场的占有比率将逐渐增大,且作为人民币的发行国,将很大程度降低人体对外贸易中的汇率风险。
这将大大方便中国居民的对外贸易和对外投资和国外来中国投资等经济活动。
据中国人民银行数据统计,2014年,经常项目人民币结算金额6.55万亿元,同比增长41.6%。
对外直接投资(ODI)人民币结算金额1865.6亿元,同比增长117.9%;外商来华直接投资(FDI)人民币结算金额8620.2亿元,同比增长92.4%。
人民币开始成为中国政府部门涉外经济统计、核算、管理中的计价货币。
表1 年度直接投资人民币结算金额表2 年度经常项目人民币结算金额表数据来源:中国人民银行2.2资源再分配以优化本国资源配置2015年11月30日国际货币基金组织(IMP)同意将人民币纳入SDR国际货币篮子。
2016年人民币开始进入SDR国际货币篮子。
SDR的持有国可以在发生国际收支逆差时,动用配额向基金组织指定的其他成员国换取外汇,以偿付国际收支逆差或偿还IMF的贷款并支付利息,还可与黄金、自由兑换货币一样充当国际储备。
人民币国际化后便具备国际储备货币职能。
在牙买加体系下,可直接与其他国家进行实物资源的交换。
与以往的金本质或者信用本质体系相比,资源的交易不只局限于黄金这种实物资源交换实物资源的方式。
作为国际货币的发行国,可不与黄金挂钩,直接拿本币根据需要交换其他国家的实物资源,且货币发行国自身并不产生实质性的资源消耗,而发行货币中产生的印刷成本等可以忽略不计,该货币的发行成本边际上接近零。
这样便促进了全球资源的再分配,发行国便能通过发行具有国际地位的国际货币的方式根据本国需要优化本国资源,逐步实现本国资源配置的最优化。
2.3非居民持有人成主要缴税人据中国人民银行网数据统计,截至2014年末,中国境内(不含港澳台地区,下同)银行的非居民人民币存款余额为22830亿元,主要离岸市场人民币存款余额约19867亿元,人民币国际债券未偿余额5351.1亿元。
据不完全统计,截至2015年4月末,境外中央银行或货币当局持有人民币资产余额约6667亿元。
而且,非居民的国际货币的持有者数量远远多于居民,这无疑使非居民持有者成为税收的主要受众。
首先,一个国家的外汇储备大都是以国际货币为计价的资产,这就意味着非国际货币发行国的国家要向国际货币发行国缴纳巨额的铸币税。
就中国而言,中国的外汇储备大都是以美元为计价的资产,这相当于为美联储支付了巨额的铸币税,同时还不得不承担美元汇率波动的风险。
人民币国际化后,中国不仅可大大减少铸币税的支付,减小了汇率波动对本国经济的影响,又由于非居民持有者居多,中国将会因此从非居民持有者那里获取巨额的铸币税。
其次,当财政赤字时,国家通常通过通货膨胀税的形式弥补。
如果一国货币未实现国际化,货币当局只能获得本国居民的通货膨胀税;一旦货币实现了国际化成为国际货币,则无论是居民还是非居民,只要持有该种货币都相当于向货币发行国缴纳了通货膨胀税。
而且,由于持有国际货币的非居民数量远多于居民数量,那么通货膨胀税在很大程度上由非居民承担,这相对减轻了居民的负担,提高了其福利。
而且作为国际货币的发行方,还有可能从中获取巨大收益。
2.4 中国的国际经济地位可提高首先,人民币国际化将提高中国的国际支付能力。
2016年10月1号起,人民币正式成为SDR的一员。
SDR的持有国可以在发生国际收支逆差时,动用配额向基金组织指定的其他成员国换取外汇,以偿付国际收支逆差或偿还IMF的贷款并支付利息。
这将极大降低国际收支逆差对本国经济的负面影响,而且很大程度降低了国际支付的成本。
最终可极大地提高中国宏观经济政策的应对能力。
其次,人民币国际化促进经济一体化。
人民币成为区域货币并最终实现国际化的过程,将从外部推动并加快中国金融市场改革开放的步伐,从而促进中国金融体系的完善和发展,提高中国金融机构的竞争能力,推动中国金融市场的深层次改革。
另一方面,随着人民币使用范围的不断扩大,其他国家和地区的金融机构逐步参与到这一进程中来,从而促进贸易体系的完善,中国将获得更多的话语权。
进而促进中国经济地位的提高。
第三章人民币国际化面临的挑战3.1 人民币汇率的稳定性遭到挑战(一)一国货币国际化后,国外货币需求将影响国内货币供需。
外国居民如果大量购买本国资产,资本的大量内流就可能导致本国货币升值,人民币汇率如果单向升值过快,有可能出现80年代日元出现的问题。
日元巨幅升值导致日本失去重要的10年。
当时日元的国际化,在国际储备当中大概已经占到19%了,现在降到了不到4%。
如果汇率问题处理不好,出现大幅波动,有可能会中断人民币国际化的进程。
(二)人民币在过去四年里还很大程度上受美元的影响,稳定性不佳。
人民币在境外大规模流通可能在一定条件下对人民币汇率产生压力,增大人民币汇率稳定的难度。
当人民币离岸市场形成后,将对国内的人民币汇率形成重要的参照,人民币汇率的形成机制将更为复杂,准确地评估人民币均衡汇率水平和影响人民币汇率长期因素的难度更大,干预人民币汇率也就较为困难。