2018年考博英语作文练习范文【二篇】

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北京中国科学院大学考博英语作文范文【二篇】

北京中国科学院大学考博英语作文范文【二篇】【篇一】Directions: Write an essay no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet. IC: “To get success, you need friends; to get huge success, you need enemies.” Do you agree with this saying or not? Why or why not?【参考范文】To get success, you need friends; to get huge success, you need enemies. As for the above statement, I do not agree that we need friends to get success while do agree that we need enemies to get huge success. The following are the reasons. With the development of economy and society, the world we live is colorful and complicated. We can not achieve a success unless we cooperation, we also get aids and concern from every direction. Friendship, that is, is crucial for us to have a success. Friends can have a positive effect upon our development. Our friends encourage us, share our anxiety and provide us with help when we are in trouble. Friends may give us advice and suggest us what should be done and what not be done. However, if we wish to have a glorious achievement, in my personal sense, we do require enemies, my reasons for this topic are as follows. To begin with, our enemies reveal our fatal shortcomings, we can become stronger and more capable by giving up these flaws. What is more, the crises come from our enemies wake us keep the consciousnessof competition, we can do every efforts to complete what we ought to do. Last but not least, we can feel the stress from our opponents; the pressure probably is converted to the dynamic that give us sustainable power to enhance ourselves. To sum up, we need enemies to achieve our ambition, they supply us vigorous power to make our dream come true.译文：要成功，你需要朋友;要获得巨大的成功，你需要敌人。

考博英语作文范文【三篇】

考博英语作文范文【三篇】导读：本文考博英语作文范文【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

【第一篇：直面困难】任何事业，大至国家事业，小至个人生活，要有所成，必然面对各类困难，这时候，良好的面对困难的品质以及解决困难的方法论方面的问题：坚持/毅力persistence，乐观being optimistic/positive团结合作cooperation and teamwork踏实肯干hardworking创新意识和好奇心innovation and curiosity学习意识learning保持学习习惯(keep the habit of reading and learning行动实践能力(the ability of action and practice“一屋不扫、何以扫天下” If you cant do great things, do small things in a great wayEach person whether rich or poor has his own difficulties, because life is not always full of smiles and flowers. So it is very important to have a correct attitude to face up the difficulties.Different people have different views on it. Some people just want to evade and they haven’t tried their best, so they can’t achieve success in the end. But some people believethat “Failure is the mother of success”,they are confident and brave when they have difficulties. They choose to face up the difficulties with a smile and try their best to solve their problems. If they have troubles they’ll discuss with their friends or family members.The right way to face up difficulties is to be confident and brave , Confront difficulties with confident and you will find the difficulties are not so hard as you thought. Try to solve the difficulties with brave and work hard , the difficulties will disappear and you will achieve success finally.【第二篇：网红】相关词汇网红(网络红人/网络明星)：Internet celebrity/online celebrity/Web celebrity/Internet star/online star网红经济：Internet celebrity economy粉丝经济：fan economy粉丝：followers社交媒体：social media社交网络平台：social networking platform网络直播：online live broadcast自媒体：Self media不雅的：indecent原创内容：original content成功的捷径：a shortcut to success/a fast-track to success相关素材 it is high time the internet and cultural administrative departments take concrete actions to regulate indecent online live broadcasts.After more than 30 years of opening-up and embracing new technology, China has been transformed into the world's second-largest economy. At the same time its culture has also experienced a remarkable transformation.Some Indecent or "empty" live broadcasts are flourishing in various forms. What is even more worrisome is that some adolescents regard being an online celebrity as a shortcut to success.We should reflect on what kind of a family and social atmosphere we have created when the majority of young people are eying such a profession, simply as a way to make easy money. Integrity and creativity will be left by the wayside on such a path to quick riches.If this momentum is unchecked, the industry, which does not yield added value for the country, will be a huge waste of capital and human resources.And it is high time the internet and cultural administrative departments took concrete actions to regulate indecent andculturally damaging online live broadcasts, so as encourage a healthy cultural environment online and prevent young people from being led astray in cyberspace.【第三篇：时间管理】As is known to us all, the most precious thing in the world is nothing but “today”. Therefore, it is necessary and significant for us to manage our time efficiently. There are some suggestions and methods to manage our time.First, the most important thing is to know and understand how we have spent and managed our time before. Only in this way can we know in which we have wasted our time. We can do this by sorting out all things we do every day and then select the necessary thing and the wasted time.Second, after the first step, what we should do is choosing the correct time. As the saying goes, “to choose time is to save time”. For one thing, we have to know and understand that which period we have more efficiency and have better quality in work or study so that we know how to make our schedule. For another, it is better to do the most important and urgent thing first in that we barely have enough time to finish all task within a day.Last but not the least, it is valuable to take full advantageof our leisure time tiny pieces of time. For example, we can do some reading when we are waiting for a bus, or we can practice our listening on our way to school.To sum up, time, like water in sponge, can be squeezed out if we like. Therefore, take full use of our time in that it is essential to lead a full and happy life.总之，时间就像海绵里的水，如果我们想是可以挤出来的。

2018考博英语作文万能模板【五篇】

【导语】作⽂是英语考试的重中之重，想要写出好的作⽂，可以多背多记⼀些模板。

以下是®⽆忧考⽹为⼤家整理的《2018考博英语作⽂万能模板【五篇】》希望对⼤家的写作有启发和帮助。

【第⼀篇：社会热点类】社会热点类模板1 The two pictures illustrate vividly ……. In the left picture ……,while in the right ……. From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of ……. Aside from ……,another telling example is ……,which was so successful in that ……. The pictures also make it obvious that we should ……. Admittedly,it is natural that ……. Nevertheless,it is the responsibility of our government and society to ……. In my opinion,what’s the more important is to ……. In short,……. 社会热点类模板2 It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem; ……. In this drawing,Even …….. It seems to me that the artist is sending a message about the importance of ……. Though the drawing is a little exaggerating,it is not rare for us to find in ……. If we let this situation of continues,it not only harms ……,but also prevents ……. Accordingly,we urgently call for ……. Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations,it still failz to ……. In my opinion,this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits. I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as possible.【第⼆篇：情感类】情感类模板1： As is shown in the picture above,…… . Obviously from we can surmise that …… . It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of …… . As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature.For instance,…… . Additionally, we can also hear many stories about …….Not to mention those moving cases of …… . All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a …… . By ……, people not only harvest ……, but also gain that can never be purchased via money. 情感类模板2： Just as is depicted in the picture. It is not difficult to find that in today’s society， more and more people begin to …… . It is rather good news to …… . The picture reminds us that in China, due to ,…… . Moreover, there are …… .In addition， we should not forget ……. ……is a good way to express human love. To some extent, it also reflects individuals' sense of social responsibility. It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is. Therefore, I strongly advocate that…… . I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of…… .【第三篇：正⾯话题类】As is shown above, in the middle of the cartoon stands + 主题词，which symbolizes + 主题词的另⼀种表达，+ 同位语即主题词第三种表达 + 表⽰主题词动作的⾮谓语动词 (例如：in the middle of the cartoon stands a hot pot，which symbolizes culture，the one containing many Chinese culture symbol. The drawer's intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking. It is therefore safe to draw the conclusion that + 主题词 + is momentous and fundamental to the mind what food is vital and significant to the body.) Not only I, but also the best philosophers and poets also praise that this concept should be a permanent universal values. Obviously, I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two. Initially, the millennia-long run of + 主题词 + left us with a lot of traditions that are extremely profoundly rooted. 加拓展句：主题词 is a kind of emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark around us becomes.(⽐如：爱⼼/⾃信/亲情/团结/坚持/诚信/友谊/乐观的态度/是⼀种情感的⼒量，⽆论我们周围有多么的⿊暗，它都能⽀持我们。

2018年中科院考博英语作文

2018年中科院考博英语作文英文回答：The rapid advancement of technology has profoundly reshaped human civilization in myriad ways. This essay will elucidate how technological progress has both empowered and challenged humanity, exploring its positive and negative implications.Technological advancements have bestowed upon us unprecedented opportunities. The internet, a product of the digital revolution, has connected the world like never before, fostering communication, exchange of ideas, and access to vast amounts of information. Social media platforms have empowered individuals by providing them with a voice and a platform to influence public discourse. The advent of mobile devices has made it easier for people to stay informed, pursue education, and access essential services, bridging digital divides and empowering marginalized communities.In the medical realm, technological advancements haveled to breakthroughs in diagnostics, treatments, and preventive measures. Medical imaging techniques, such as MRI and CT scans, have revolutionized disease detection and monitoring. The development of vaccines and antibiotics has saved countless lives and significantly improved global health outcomes. Telemedicine and wearable health devices have expanded access to healthcare, particularly in remote and underserved areas, empowering individuals to managetheir health more effectively.While technology offers immense potential for progress, it also presents challenges that require careful consideration. One concern is the potential for job displacement as automation and artificial intelligence (AI) take over tasks previously performed by humans. The rise of social media has raised questions about privacy and data security, as well as the spread of misinformation andfilter bubbles. The increasing reliance on technology can lead to a sedentary lifestyle and reduced physical activity, contributing to health issues such as obesity and chronicdiseases.Moreover, the rapid pace of technological change can create a divide between those who have access to and the skills to use new technologies and those who do not. This digital divide can exacerbate existing social and economic inequalities, further marginalizing vulnerable populations. Technology can also be used for malicious purposes, such as cybercrimes, identity theft, and the spread of hate speech, posing threats to individual and societal well-being.In conclusion, technological advancements offer both immense opportunities and challenges for humanity. While technology has empowered us with unprecedented capabilities, it also raises important questions about its ethical, social, and economic implications. By embracing a balanced and responsible approach, we can harness the transformative potential of technology while mitigating its risks and fostering a more equitable and sustainable future.中文回答：技术进步深刻地重塑了人类文明，其影响无处不在。

考博英语作文优秀范文【十篇】

考博英语作文优秀范文【十篇】1. Television Program and Their Effect on childrenTelevision programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly harden the child toviolence.Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs.2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big CitiesWith the development of modern industryu, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.3. “The younger generaton knows best”Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. Thesame comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than ti is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politicsor by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat —race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?There are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance. Today, the situation might reversed. The old—if they are prepared to admit it —could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation thatbequeathed it ?4. Public TransportationAs part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes.Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable.The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated. So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.5. Human EducationThe other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the essence”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind,and will help push forward the growth of economy.To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.6. Criticism on TelevisionA lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life. There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.7. The ony thing people are interesed in today is earing more moneyOnce upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married. The young people’s parents shook their heads. “You can’t get married yet.” They said. Wait till you get a good job withgood prospects. So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married. They were still poor, of course, they didn’t have a house to live in or any furniture, but that did’t matter. They young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car. The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves. And so ends another modern romantic fable.We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive. Our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money youearn. We spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses. If we buy a new television set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing about this game is that Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.It is not only affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means; goods are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere. i.e. to a bigger wage packet. The demand for skilled personnel for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richers and the poor, poorer.8. Communication and LanguageOne of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication language. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today. In fact, linguistis say that there may be as many as 10000.Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes voice quality, eyes movement, facial expression and body movements such as gestures and change in body position. But many people do not realize that everyone uses nonverbal communication. Sometimes, we “say” more with our face and gestures that we do with our voices.Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of communication. Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites. Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending message through the earth. The technology necessary to build these machines is very complex. But the language we speak every day is much more complex than the most modern communication technology.9. Cooperation Goes with CompetitionIn our times, cooperation and competition spread over the world. Both of them speed up the wheel of economy and enrich the intelligence of mankind. It is possible to accomplish a complicated program by only one person now. As we know, the more cooperation a company depends on, the more efficient it will become in business.Furthermore, we can’t avoid competition in our exchanges. From time to time, we compare ourselves with others, expecting to catch up with others. This is the spirit of competition, by which we pursue the highest goal. It is only by competition in the market that a company can raise its reputation. Were it not for competition, say, all of us would not enjoy what we have achieved.10. The Rise of Intellectual Property ProtectionIntellectural property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and directions. This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changingview on ther relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society. Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and education of graduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations. The number of U.S. patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995. The direct economic impact of technology licensing on the universities themselves has been relatively small. In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act ( ) is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history. It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.Intellectual property terms have become vitally important. The company wants to be assured that it can use the results of the research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors. But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identityand mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret. The key to resolving this dilemman is to grant patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial market place.。

考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】

考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】01 Schooling and EducationIt is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.Nevertheless， it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere， whether in the shower or in the job， whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio， from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability， education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education， then，is a very broad， inclusive term. It is a lifelong process， a process that starts long before the start of school， and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life. Schooling， on the other hand， is a specific， formalized process， whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country， children arrive at school at approximately the same time， take assigned seats， are taught by an adult， use similar textbooks， do homework， take exams，and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned， whether they are the alphabet or a understanding of the working of government， have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example， high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.02 The Language of MusicA painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall， and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work， but no one can hearit until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities， for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Mosttraining is concerned with technique， for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day， as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down， while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety，for the notes are already there， waiting for them， and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion， and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound， and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selflessauthority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.03 The Definition of “Price”Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services，including labor， professional， transportation， and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad， complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”， many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or， in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is， of course， valid asfar as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in anyparticular transaction， much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount， but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged， the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made， the form of money to be used， the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction， guarantees on the product or service， delivery terms，return privileges， and other factors. In other words， bothbuyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total“package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.04 ElectricityThe modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights， radio， televisions， and telephones that it ishard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure， people grope about in flickering candlelight， cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them， and food spoils in silent refrigerators. Yet， people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricitythat could benefit humanity. All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats， it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram， which a doctor can study todetermine how well the heart is working. The brain， too， sends out brain waves of electricity， which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals， certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together， the effects can be astonishing. The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity， and the strengthof the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05 The Beginning of DramaThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning， human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable， and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned，but the stories， later called myths， persisted and provided material for art and drama. Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music， dance， masks， and costumes were almost always used， Furthermore， a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate，a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition， there were performers， and， since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites， religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes， they often impersonated other people，animals， or supernatural beings， and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle， the coming rain， the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theater‘s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this vies tales (about the hunt， war， or other feats) are gradually elaborated， at first through the use of impersonation，action， and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.。

2018考博英语热点材料作文范文【三篇】

【导语】作⽂是英语考试的重中之重，考研英语作⽂要多练习多背诵，好的句⼦模板背下来，写的时候就能够灵活套⽤。

以下是为⼤家整理的《2018考博英语热点材料作⽂范⽂【三篇】》希望对⼤家的写作有启发和帮助。

【第⼀篇：伦理道德类】　1、观点论述传统道德 There is no doubt that traditional morality(传统道德), as a national spirit, is a valuable contribution to social harmony(社会和谐) and progress and thus should be promoted and developed(被提倡，发扬) in modern times. 毫⽆疑问，传统道德作为⼀个国家的精神，对社会和谐进步有重要的贡献，因此应该在现代社会中被提倡，发扬。

2、⾼分热⽂让座 In the thought-provoking picture, a young man and a lady is sitting on the chair in a waiting room that is allocated specially for mothers with baby. Regrettably(令⼈遗憾的是), they simply neglect the mother with a baby in her right arm and a big bag in her left hand standing just beside them with great efforts. The scene will set ordinary citizens to think seriously about the nation’s painfully declining moral climate(道德风尚的衰败). Some of this can be attributed to the lack of morality(道德缺乏), a problem shown particularly in the younger generation. Their sense of moral standards (道德感标准)seems to be withering(下降) although their material comforts have been considerably enhanced. What makes matters even worse is the fact that such misdeeds as spitting, picking flowers in public gardens or making noises in public places are becoming so pervasive(普遍的) that they are likely to be taken for granted(习惯成⾃然) by the public. With today’s worsening morality, social bonds (社会联系)have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self. That is why new ideas must come forward to improve the nation’s moral climate though the challenge cannot be underestimated(低估). Moral decline will not be reversed(扭转)until we find new ways to improve our moral standards. For adults, we can make use of every chance to remind young people of the importance of good manners, both as a competent citizen(合格公民) in modern society and as a model for them to follow. Only in this way can the moral climate of our nation be improved, and we sincerely wish that the young man in the picture could realize that he has sit on a "wrong" seat. 3、精彩译⽂在这个发⼈深省的图⽚中，⼀个年轻⼈和⼀位⼥⼠坐在等候室的座位上。

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2018年考博英语作文练习范文【二篇】
导读：本文2018年考博英语作文练习范文【二篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

【范文一】
It is time, at last, to speak the truth about the choice of schools after high school, and the truth is this. Vocational schools are really not such a short cut to achieve success.
Vocational schools are harmful in two aspects. First, from a social standpoint, they often equip students with some skills for jobs in a rush and send them to the society way too early. There will be great competition in the job market. The greater the competition is, the higher the unemployment rate, and consequently the more unstable the society will become. Second, it harms individuals as well. Without the choice to pursue higher level of learning, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success.
When we liberate the educational potential of universities, we elevate the educational performance of the entire society. There’s a stimulative effect that kicks in when people have greater access to knowledge: broader horizon, knowledge in
greater depth, and better chance of making the best use of personal potential. By harnessing the educational potential of universities, we boost opportunity for all people.
【范文二】
Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion as to whether students should choose to go to a vocational school or a university. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that it is a better choice to go to vocational school, but others consider it better to go to a university.
I totally disagree with the first idea for the reasons presented below. To begin with, it harms the society in that vocational schools often equip students with some skills for jobs and send them to the society way too early. There will be great competition in the job market. The greater the competition is, the higher the unemployment rate, and consequently the more unstable the society will become. Furthermore, it is harmful to the students themselves. Without the choice to pursue higher level of learning, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success.
From my perspective, it is crucial that the government
should encourage people to pursue higher and further study. Also it is high time that people understood the meaning and value of higher education. Only in this way can we achieve greater success.。