小说的要素 英文 ppt课件
(优选)小说的要素英文
Characterization is the process by which a writer makes the character seem real to the reader.
Methods of Characterization :
1.Direct: “he was an old man..” (The Old Man and the Sea) 2.Own Words and Actions 3.Reaction of other Characters 4.Physical appearance 5.Own thoughts
Falling Action or
RESOLUTION
the conclusion of a plot’s conflicts and complications. The resolution follows the climax in the plot.
Character
a person or animals or objects presented in a dramatic or narrative work
A static character does not change throughout the work, and the reader’s knowledge of that character does not grow, whereas a dynamic character undergoes some kind of change because of the action in the plot. A flat character embodies one or two qualities, ideas, or traits that can be readily described in a brief summary. They are not psychologically complex characters and therefore are readily accessible to readers.
小说的要素 英文(课堂PPT)
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Theme
is the central meaning or dominant idea in a literary work. A theme provides a unifying point around which the plot, characters, setting, point of view, symbols, and other elements of a work are organized. It is important not to mistake the theme for the actual subject of the work; the theme refers to the abstract concept that is made concrete through the images, characterization, and action of the text.
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A hero or heroine, often called the PROTAGONIST, is the central character who engages the reader’s interest and
empathy（同感，共鸣 ）.
The ANTAGONIST is the character, force, or collection of forces that stand directly opposed to the protagonist and gives rise to the conflict of the story.
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Falling Action or RESOLUTION
the conclusion of a plot’s conflicts and complications. The resolution follows the climax in the plot.
英文小说从要素分析
Elements of Fiction - A Brief IntroductionA. Primary Elements: Plot, Character, Theme, Points of View, Symbol, SettingB. Se co nd ary Ele m e nts: Im ag e ry, Iro ny, Style & To ne, Exp o sitio n1. Plot - the sequence of events or incidents of which the story is composed/the arrangement of events that make up a story/the complete pattern or design of the work.A. Conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills.a.Person against person.b.Pe rso n ag ainst e nviro nm e nt - e xte rnal fo rce, p hysical nature, so cie ty,or "fate."c.Pe rso n against herself/himself - conflict with some element in her/his own nature; maybe physical, mental, emotional, or moral.d.Pe rso n ag ainst Go d-Gre e k m ytho lo g y.B. Artistic Unity - essential to a good plot; nothing irrelevant that does not contribute to the total meaning; nothing that is there only for its own sake or itsown excitement.C. Plot Manipulation and Fabulation - a good plot should not have any unjustified or unexpected turns or twists, no false leads, and no deliberate and m isle ad ing info rm atio n; fab ulatio n is the intro d uctio n o f the fab ulo us o r unre alisticor gothic elements in an otherwise realistic setting.D. Story Ending: In a Happy Ending the stereotypical expectation is that the protagonist must solve all the problems, defeat the villain, win the girl, and live happily everafter. Unfortunately, many real life situations have unhappy endings; for the writers of serious fiction, the unhappy endings are more likely to raise significant issues concerning life and living.E. Type s o f Plo t:a. Trag e d y(no b le)b. Comedy(less great/noble)c. Romance(less great/noble)d. Satire (used to teach lesson or present a point of viewF. Use o f Plo t:a. The structure of its actionsb. Order: 1st, 2nd, 3rd…c. To create(The author uses actions as a painter uses paints to create)d. To achieve particular words to create certain effect2. CharacterA. Direct Presentation - author tells us straight out, by exposition or analysis, o r thro ug h ano the r characte r.B. Ind irect Presentatio n - autho r sho ws us the character in actio n; the read erinfers what a character is like from what she/he thinks, or says, or does. These are also called dramatized characters and they are generally consistent (in behavior), motivated (convincing), and plausible (lifelike).C. Character Types - a Flat character is known by one or two traits; a Round character is complex and many-sided; a Stock character is a stereotyped character (a m ad scientist, the ab sent-m ind ed p ro fesso r, the cruel m o ther-in-law); a Staticcharacter remains the same fro m the beginning o f the plot to the end; and a Dynamic (developing) character undergoes permanent change. This change must be a. within the possibilities o f the character; b. sufficiently m o tivate d; and c. allowed sufficient time for change.D. Protagonist and Antagonist - the protagonist is the central ch aracte r,sympathetic or unsympathetic. The forces working against her/him, whether persons, things, conventions o f so cie ty, or traits o f their own ch aracte r, are the antagonists.3. Theme - the controlling idea or central insight. It can be 1. a revelation of human character; 2. may be stated briefly or at great length; and 3. a theme is not the "moral" of the story.A. A theme must be expressible in the form o f a statement - not "motherhood" but "Motherhood sometimes has more frustration than reward."B. A theme must be stated as a generalization about life; names of characters or specific situations in the plot are not to be used when stating a theme.C. A the m e m ust no t b e a g e ne ralizatio n larg e r than is justifie d b y the te rm s o fthe sto ry.D. A theme is the central and unifying concept of the story. It must adhere to the following requirements:1. It must account for all the major details of the story.2. It must not be contradicted by any detail of the story.3. It must not rely on supposed facts - facts not actually stated or clearly implied by the story.E. There is no one way of stating the theme of a story.F. Any statem ent that red uces a them e to so m e fam iliar saying, ap ho rism, o r cliché sho u ld b e avo id e d. Do n o t u se "A stitch in tim e save s n in e," "Yo u can't ju d g e a book by its cover, " "Fish and guests smell in three days," and so on.。
小说的分类 英语ppt
• Novella (中篇小说)
• Short story (短篇小说）
• Mini-story (微型小说）
• 长篇小说 长篇小说字数最为不定，字数差距最大。有十几万
字的（这算是长篇小说字数的底线了），更有上百万字甚至几百 万字的长篇小说。如此长篇小说还可分为小长篇（一般的在十几 万到三十万字间），中长篇（一般的是五六十万字），大长篇（ 一般要在八十万字以上），超长篇（一般的要达到一百五十万字 ）巨长篇（往往是几百万字数的，像二百多万字，三百多万字甚 至过五百万字的）。
4. In terms of language form 按 语言形式分
• classical novel 文言小说，古典小说 • vernacular novel 白话小说 • ...
• 1.《搜神记》、《世说新语》、《唐代传 奇》、《剪灯新话》、《聊斋志异》等
• 2. “三言二拍”
• 冯梦龙《喻世名言》《警世通言》《醒世 恒言》
• ...
按作品内容分类
武侠小说（也有叫武打小说，金庸为代表，可看做男性言情和励志小说）
言情小说（包括很多，如后宫文，穿越文，都市文，青春校园文等）
爱情传奇小说（言情小说独立分支；也有说是言情的最前身，即唐传奇；当代代表作《塔里木河》）
推理小说（很大程度上，推理即悬疑）
悬疑小说（很大程度上，悬疑即推理）
微型小说
• 《麦琪的礼物》——欧·亨利 • 《丈夫支出帐本中的一页》——马克·吐温 • 《永远的门》——邵宝健 • 《喂——出来》——星新一
2. In terms of the content 按 内容分
• history novel 历史小说 • modern novel 现代小说 • science novel 科幻小说 • detective novel 侦探小说，公案小说 • errant novel 武侠小说 • romance novel 言情小说 • romantic novel 传奇小说
小说的分类 英语ppt
《漂亮朋友》、《羊脂球》、 《项链》、《我的叔叔于 勒》——莫泊桑（法） 《变色龙》、《小公务员之 死》 ——契诃夫（俄） 《警察与赞美诗》、《带家 具出租的房间》、《麦琪的 礼物》、《最后一片叶 子》——欧· 亨利（美）
• Bel Ami / Ball of Fat / Neclace / Mon Oncle Jules---Guy de Maupassant • The Death of Civil Servant/Chameleon--Аnton chekhov • The Cop and the Anthem / The Furnished Room / The Gift of the Magi / The Last Leaf--- O. Henry
中国
《阿Q正传》——鲁迅
外国
《
老人与海》——海明 《透明的红罗卜》、 威（美） 《野种》、《你的行 《鸳之死》——维尔 为使我们恐惧》—— 加（意大利） 莫言
中国
《摩罗诗力说》、《文化偏 至论》、《域外小说集》、 《狂人日记》——鲁迅 《班主任》——刘心武 《月蚀》——李国文 《棋王》——阿城
外国
微型小说
• • • • 《麦琪的礼物》——欧· 亨利 《丈夫支出帐本中的一页》——马克· 吐温 《永远的门》——邵宝健 《喂——出来》——星新一
2. In terms of the content 按 内容分
• • • • • • • history novel 历史小说 modern novel 现代小说 science novel 科幻小说 detective novel 侦探小说，公案小说 errant novel 武侠小说 romance novel 言情小说 romantic novel 传奇小说
小说的要素英文ppt分析解析
Round characters are more complex than flat or stock characters, and often display the inconsistencies and internal conflicts found in most real people. They are more fully developed, and therefore are harder to summarize. Journey to the West
The Elements of Fiction
Fiction refers to any imaginary work portraying characters and events
Elements of fiction
Classification of fiction : novel, novelette, short story. Short short story.
Setting
The setting is the physical and social context in which the action of a story occurs. The major elements of setting are the time, the place, and the social environment that frames the characters. Setting can be used to evoke a mood or atmosphere that will prepare the reader for what is to come. Sometimes, writers choose a particular setting because of traditional associations with that setting that are closely related to the action of a story.
小说的要素 英文ppt
B
20
Theme
is the central meaning or dominant idea in a literary work. A theme provides a unifying point around which the plot, characters, setting, point of view, symbols, and other elements of a work are organized. It is important not to mistake the theme for the actual subject of the work; the theme refers to the abstract concept that is made concrete through the images, characterization, and action of the text.
The Elements of Fiction
Fiction refers to any imaginary work portraying characters and
events
B
1
Elements of fiction
Classification of fiction : novel, novelette, short story. Short short story.
B
9
A hero or heroine, often called the PROTAGONIST, is the central character who engages the reader’s interest and
empathy（同感，共鸣 ）.
英语阅读小说的ppt课件
02
The characters in the novel are rich and colorful, with fantastic and thrilling plots and humorous and vivid language.
03
By reading the Harry Potter series, one can gain an understanding of the modern magical world and fantasy literary styles, while also enhancing the cultivation of imagination and creativity.
01
Read activity
Use skimming, scanning, and detailed reading techniques to understand the text
02
Expand vocabulary
Make a note of new words and phrases and try to use them in your own writing or conversation
Novel Reading and Cultural Background
04
要点三
History
The diverse history of Europe, with its many countries and languages, has created a rich tapestry of cultural influences that are reflected in its literature and art
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Some flat characters are recognized as stock characters; they embody stereotypes such as the “dumb blonde” or the “mean stepfather.” They become types rather than individuals.
小说的要素 英文
• Plot • Symbolism
• Character • Theme
• Setting • Irony
• Point of View • Tone and Style
小说的要素 英文
An author’s selection and arrangement of incidents in a story to shape the action and give the story a particular focus.
Characterization is the process by which a writer makes the character seem real to the reader.
Methods of Characterization :
1.Direct: “he was an old man..” (The Old Man and the Sea) 2.Own Words and Actions 3.Reaction of other Characters 4.Physical appearance 5.Own thoughts
Round characters are more complex than flat or stock characters, and often display the inconsistencies and internal conflicts found in most real people. They are more fully developed, and therefore are harder to summarize. Journey to the West
小说的要素 英文
The setting is the physical and social context in which the action of a story occurs. The major elements of setting are the time, the place, and the social environment that frames the characters. Setting can be used to evoke a mood or atmosphere that will prepare the reader for what is to come. Sometimes, writers choose a particular setting because of traditional associations with that setting that are closely related to the action of a story.
Hale Waihona Puke A static character does not change throughout the work, and the reader’s knowledge of that character does not grow, whereas a dynamic character undergoes some kind of change because of the action in the plot. A flat character embodies one or two qualities, ideas, or traits that can be readily described in a brief summary. They are not psychologically complex characters and therefore are readily accessible to readers.
小说的要素 英文
Fiction refers to any imaginary work portraying characters and
events
Elements of fiction
Classification of fiction : novel, novelette, short story. Short short story.
小说的要素 英文
The ANTAGONIST is the character, force, or collection of forces that stand directly opposed to the protagonist and gives rise to the conflict of the story.
Discussions of plot include not just what happens, but also how and why things happen the way they do.
小说的要素 英文
• Rising Action • Climax • Falling Action
小说的要素 英文
the conclusion of a plot’s conflicts and complications. The resolution follows the climax in the plot.
小说的要素 英文
a person or animals or objects presented in a dramatic or narrative work
小说的要素 英文
Complication(s) creates some sort of conflict for the protagonist (the main character).
小说的要素 英文
the moment of greatest emotional tension in a narrative, usually marking a turning point in the plot at which the rising action reverses to become the falling action.