专业英语(微生物降解)
生物工程专业英语单词
生物降解
bioremediation
启动子
promoter
同时地
simultaneously
防腐剂
preservative
转录
transcription
噬菌体
bacteriophage
洗涤剂
detergent
翻译
translation
颗粒
particle
GMF
genetically modified food
反转录PCR
reverse transcriptase PCR
最适条件
optimal condition
实时定量PCR
Realtime PCR
性状
trait
RNA剪切
RNA slicing
核酸
nucleic acid
遗传学
heredity/genetic
糖主链
sugar backbone
育种
breeding
氯
chlorine
病原微生物
pathogen
稀释
attenuation
钠
sodium
肠道的
entero
消毒
sterilization
分裂
fission
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
硫酸
Sulfuricacid
TCA
Tricarboxylic acid
糖
sugar
tRNA
transferRNA
酶
enzyme
溶酶体
lysosome
专业英语作业—15
Reading Material 15阅读材料15Chemical Industry and Environmental Protection化学工业与环境保护How can we reduce the amount of waste that is produced? And how we close the loop by redirecting spent materials and products into programs of recycling? All of these questions must be answered through careful research in the coming years as we strive to keep civilization in balance with nature.我们怎么样才能够减少化学工业产生的污染物的排放，怎么才能够使材料的产品更好地循环利用，为了自然生态的平衡，所有这些问题都是下来我们必须通过认真的研究和探索来解决的问题。
1. Life Cycle Analysis1.生命循环的分析Every stage of a product’s life cycle has an environmental impact, starting extraction of raw materials, continuing through processing, manufacturing, and transportation, and concluding with consumption and disposal or recovery. Technology and chemical science are challenged at every stage. Redesigning products and processes to minimize environmental impact requires a new philosophy of production and a different level of understanding of chemical transformations. Environment friendly products require novel materials that are reusable, recyclable, or biodegradable; properties of the materials are determined by the chemical composition and structure. To minimize waste and polluting by-products, new kinds of chemical process schemes will have to be developed. Improved chemical separation techniques are needed to enhance efficiency and remove residual pollutants, which in turn will require new chemical treatment methods in order to render them harmless. Pollutants such as radioactive elements and toxic heavy metals that cannot be readily converted into harmless materials will need to be immobilized in inert materials so that can be safely stored. Finally, the leftover pollution of an earlier, less environmentally aware era demands improved chemical and biological remediation techniques.每一个时代的产品的循环利用对环境都有着重大的影响，力争选用天然的材料，继续通过加工，制造，运输，总结与消费和处置或回收。
环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇
环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类.环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area环境地质学environmental geology环境地球化学environmental geo—chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmental protection环境预测environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应environmental effect环境容量environmental capacity环境演化evolution of environment环境舒适度environmental comfort环境背景值（本底值）environmental background value环境保护产业（环保产业)environmental production industry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier 绿色革命green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题(社会环境问题）the third environmental problem悬浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution排污收费pollution charge 可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源non—renewable resources自然保护区natural reserve area防护林protection forest公害public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial wastewater矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率rate of population全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时"原则principle of “the three at the same time”二噁英公害dioxin nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley 多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai—itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation地表水surface water水位water level下渗（入渗)sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low—water season冲刷washout 含水层aquifer隔水层（不透水层）aquiclude 透水层permeable stratum1层间水interlayer water承压水（有压层间水)confined water 或自流水artesian water孔隙水void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流runoff flow地表径流land runoff地下水groundwater流域保护water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non—point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste—water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物(底质或底泥)benthal deposit总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation 湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库reservoir海洋处置sea disposal海底采样sea floor sample赤潮（红潮)red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉积物sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质water quality水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self—purification of water body水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质）parent material 土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量buffer capacity盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化）soil degeneration土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度precipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume逆温inversion2环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio—diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide杀鼠剂rodenticide防腐剂preservative无残留农药non-persistent pesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site储量stock过度捕获over—hunting；over-fishing猎(渔)期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test; range-finding test；preliminary test稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation；biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism 耐污种tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane；biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide 氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide植物生长调节剂growth regulator化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH 催化（催化作用）catalysis臭氧化ozonization3光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate;PAN干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry降水化学precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates （TSP)飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘)airborne particle降尘（落尘）dustfall；falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation—reduction potential；redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式(氧垂曲线)oxygen balance model 吸收剂(吸附剂）absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant;flocculating agent无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant 中和法neutralization反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in—situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air4pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources无污染工艺pollution-free technology无污染装置pollution-free installation污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index毒理学污染指标physical pollution index化学污染指标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index 城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard 总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids可吸入微粒(可吸入尘和飘尘）inhale particles 浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality control空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性（重现性)reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold—vaporatomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre—treatment均值mean value标准差standarderror方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self—purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil—remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity 相对湿度relative humidity5饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature 热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution环境功能区划environmental function zoning 稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved—oxygen sag curve 饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution—free fuel燃烧combustion空气－燃料比air-to—fuel ratio烟气分析analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal 脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失（压力降）pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air—to—cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator （ESP) 电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes 电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）two-stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber 旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器］cyclone spray scrubber 泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two—film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization （FGD）湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with alkali6吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of odor集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emission 清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水（污水）处理构筑物water （sewage）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板(斜管）沉淀池sloping plank（pipe)settling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hinderedsedimentation气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved—airfloatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non—valve filter虹吸滤池siphonfilter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤sand filtration微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter 滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material 斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane电渗析electrodialysis反渗透reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction汽提stripping7吹脱法blow—off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation软化水处理softening water treatment石灰－纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug—flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading 普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method鼓风曝气装置blast aerator 扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high—loading biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化-反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT—IAT工艺demand aeration tankintermittent aeration tank system（需氧池－间歇池)A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop processBardenpho工艺Bardenpho processPhoredox工艺Phoredox processUCT工艺university of capetownVIP工艺Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF）anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contactprocess厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two—phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor8消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯combined chlorine residual折点加氯chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter 板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press 带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge 中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and fermentation污泥浓缩池sludge thickener 污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆肥composting填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cement solidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber; dead room混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology9口蹄疫foot-and—mouth disease 流行病学epidemiology地方病endemic disease氟斑牙dental fluorosis职业病occupational disease慢性毒性chronic toxicity急性毒性acute toxicity致癌物carcinogen变异variation病原体pathogen抗体antibody抗原antigen突变mutation病毒virus蓄积器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量intake dose吸收量absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度maximum permissibleconcentration致死量lethal dose半致死浓度median lethal concentration（LD50)剂量－反应关系dose-response relationship恶臭offensive odor协同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause—effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值threshold limit value(TLV)高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible population环境管理学环境管理学environmental management science环境伦理学environmental ethics环境质量管理management of environmental quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区划environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision analysis 总量控制total discharge control of pollutant 浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and education环境意识environmental consciousness环境质量报告书report on environmental quality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention, combining prevention and control, and integrated control全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理polluter—treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated development国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区national ecological demonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management10环境专家系统environmental expert system 环境监测environment monitoring环境标志environmental label 清洁生产cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisance law环境行政法规administrative regulations of environment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard “三同时”制度three simultaneity system排污审报登记制度declaration and registration system of pollution discharge排污许可证制度permit system of pollutant discharge排污收费制度system of effluent限期治理制度system of eliminating and controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on—site inspection 环境污染事故报告制度system of environmental pollution accident reporting 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of water pollution《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution 《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of pollution from environmental noise《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine environment protection law of the People’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-environmental construction plan《全国生态环境保护纲要》national compendium on eco—environmental protection地表水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge standard大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission standard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type牧童经济the shepherd economy3R原则the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing，recycling）生态经济学eco-economics共有资源common resources外部经济性external economics外部不经济性external diseconomics外部成本external cost边际效用marginal utility边际收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital公平equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色国民帐户green national account可持续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策trade policy for11environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national production(GNP）国民生产净值net national production(NNP) 国民收入national income环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算material balance counting影子价格shadow price现行价格present price贴现discount机会成本opportunity cost运行费用operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas 城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis环境费用environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits生态足迹the ecological footprint环境税environmental tax资源资产assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准minimum standard of security 代际公平equality between generation末端控制terminal control公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant generation/discharge coefficient累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient排污收费charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则polluter pay principle资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate人口死亡率population mortality rate人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over—population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式inter—disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china12。
纸业专业英语词汇翻译（D2）
纸业专业英语词汇翻译(D2)degradation 降解acid degradation 酸性降解alkaline degradation 碱性降解bacterriological degradation 细菌降解cellulose degradation 纤维素降解chemical degradation 化学降解enzymatic degradation 酶催降解fermentative degradation 发酵降解hyduolytic degradation 水解降解light degradation 光降解mechanicaldegradation 机械降解microbiological degradation 微生物降解oxidative degradation 氧化降解physical degradation 物理降解thermal degradation 热降解ultrasonic wave degradation 超声波降解degradation product 降解产物degradation reaction 降解反应degradative 降解的degradative reduction 降解还原（作用）degraded cellulose 降解纤维素degraded rags 低级破布degree of beating 打浆度degree of bleaching 漂白度degree of cooking 蒸煮度degree of crook 弯曲程度degree of curing 熟化程度degree of curling 卷曲度degree of dispersion 分散程度degree of fermentation 发酵程度degree of hydration 水化度degree of non-combustibility 不可燃烧度degree fo non-flammability 不可燃烧度degree of orientation 定向（程）度，取向度degree of polymerization 聚合度degree of redution 还原率degree of saturation 饱合度degree of sizing 施胶度degree of slippiness 滑脱度degree of substitution 取代度degree of wetness 湿润度degree of whiteness 白度degum 脱胶dehumidifier 减湿器dehmidify 减湿dehydrate 脱水dehydrater 脱水器；脱水剂dehydrating agent 脱水剂dehydration 脱水（作用）dehydro-abietic acid 脱氢松香酸dehydrogenation 脱氢（作用）deink 脱墨deinded newspuint 脱墨新闻纸deinded stock 脱墨浆料deinked waste 脱墨废纸deinking 脱墨deionization 消除电离作用delaminate 脱层delaminated clay 涂布粘土delamination 脱层（作用）delamination resistance 抗脱层性能delay time 延迟时间delignification 脱木素（作用）dilignify 脱木素delimbing 砍伐枝桠deliquescence 潮解delivery 输送delivery gate 分送闸板delivery pipe 输送管delivery roll 输送辊，传递辊deita former 三角形长网成形器dcita wood 多层木dclthirna size 冷法松香胶deluge nozzle 压力喷嘴deluge tower 烟道气洗涤器deluge tower fume collector 塔式集尘器dilustering 褪光泽deluxe refiner 圆筒形精浆机demarcation 分界demethylation 脱甲基（作用）demy 英国纸张尺寸标准demy scale 象限秤den （打浆机）底刀座denaturant 变性剂denatured alcohol 变性酒精denaturing agent 变性剂dendrology 树木学denim cuttings 裁切布边dennison wax cennison 蜡棒dennison wax test dennison 蜡棒起毛试验dense timber 紧密木材dense wood 紧密木材densification 增浓（作用）densified laminated wood 硬化层秋材densimeter 密度计density 密度density measurement 测量密度density meter 密度计densometer 密度计；透气度测定仪denude 去污；溶蚀deodar ceder (cedrus deodara loud.) 雪松deodorization 除臭（作用）deodorize 除臭deodorizer 除臭器deoxidize 脱氧department 部门；车间depickling 脱酸depither 除髓机depithing 除髓depithing maching 除髓机deplete water 废水depolarization 去极（化）作用；消磁（作用）；消偏振（作用）depolymerize 解聚depolymerizing agent 解聚剂deposit 沉积；沉积物deposition 沉积（作用）depot 储存；基地depreciation 折旧depth 深度depth of burring 刻石深度deragger （水力碎浆机）绞绳装置derivative 衍生物dermatogen 表皮原质dermatosomen 原皮质descabing 去除瑕疵descending chromatography 下行色谱法desensitization 减敏感作用desert gum(eucalytus rudis) 野桉desiccant 干燥的；干燥剂desiccate 干燥desiccate wood 烘干木材deseccating agent 干燥剂desiccation 干燥（作用）desiccative 干燥的desiccator 干燥器design 设计；计算；计划；装置design data 设计数据；设计资料design roll 水印辊design speed 设计速度designation number 标志数；标准指数desk calculator 台式计算器desorption 解吸destrutive distillation 干馏，分解蒸馏desuperheater 过热（蒸汽）降温器details 细节；零件；元件detection 检测；检验；探测detergent 去垢剂；去污剂deteriorate 降低；退化；损坏；消耗；变质deterioration 降低；退化；损坏；消耗；变质detoxicate 解毒；去除污染detoxication 解毒；去除污染detoxification 解毒；去除污染detoxify 解毒；去除污染developer 显影剂development of strength propcrties 纸张强度发展特性，纸张强度增特性devil 除尘机devillicate 帚化纤维，分裂纤维dew point 露点dewater 脱水dewatering 脱水，去水dewatering cylinder 脱水圆网dewatering drum 脱水转鼓dewaxing 脱蜡dextrin(e)(gum) 糊精dextrose 右旋糖；葡萄糖diagnosis 判断；诊断diagonal cutter 斜向裁切机diagonal grain 直纹dial 刻度盘；调节控制盘；拨号盘；二醛dial micrometer 测微仪，千分刻度盘；厚度千分仪dialdehyde cellulose 双醛纤维素dialdehyde starch 双醛淀粉dialysis 渗析diameter accretion 直径增长diameter class 径级diameter increment 直径增量diamond 金刚石，菱形diamond cut burr 菱形刻石刀diaphanometer 不透明度测定diaphragm 隔膜；薄膜diaphragm pump 隔膜泵diaphragm screen 平板筛浆机，平筛diatom 硅藻diatomaceous earth 硅藻土diatomaceous silica 硅藻土datomite 硅藻土diazo compound 重氮化合物diazo coupling 重氮偶合diazotization 重氮化（作用）diazotized compound 重氮化合物dibasic aluminum monorosinate 单松香酸铝二代盐dichloroethane 二氯乙烷dichloromethane 二氯甲烷dicotyledon 双子叶植物dicotyledonous 双子叶木材dicyandiamide 双氰胺，二聚氨基氰die 模；塑模die casting 模铸die cut 打孔；模切，冲动die cut box 打孔纸箱die cut card 打孔卡die cut liner 打孔衬里纸die cut ragchine 模压切割机die cutter 模压切割机die cutting 打孔；模切，冲切die embossing 模压印花die stamping 模压印花dielectric 介电dielectric constant 介电常数dielectric drying 介电干燥dielectric heating 介电加热dielectric loss 介电损失dielectric properties 介电性质dielectric strength 介电强度dielectrical properties 介电性质dielectric strength 介电强度dielectrical properties 介电性质diethyl ether 二乙醚difference spectrum 差异光谱differential draw indicater 差动牵引指示计differential drive 差速传动differential flowmeter 差示流量计differential gear 差动齿轮differential manometer 差示压力计differential pressure regulator 差动压力调节器differential valve 差动阀differential winder 差动复卷机diffraction 绕射，衍射diffuse 扩射；漫射diffuse blue reflectance fator 蓝光扩散反射系数（即iso亮度）diffuse (in aggregates)parenchyma 星散薄壁细胞diffuse porous wood 散孔木diffuse 扩张器；浸渍器；扩散洗涤器diffuse washer 扩散洗涤器diffuse washing 扩散洗涤diffusion 扩散作用diffusion-extraction method of blowing 扩散抽液法喷放diffusion washer 扩散洗涤器diffusion washing 扩散洗涤diffusion zone 扩散区digest 蒸煮digester 蒸煮器digester acid 蒸煮酸digester blow test 蒸煮终点测定digester brick 耐酸砖digester capacity 蒸煮锅容积digester charge 蒸煮锅装料digester charging 蒸煮锅装料digester charging floor 蒸煮锅装料楼面digester circulating system 蒸煮药液循环系统digester circulating 蒸煮药液循环digester controller 蒸煮（程序）控制装置digester cycle 蒸煮周期digester filling 蒸煮锅装料digester fittings 蒸煮锅管件digester head 蒸煮锅锅口digester house 蒸煮车间digester (inside) test 放气前蒸煮液分析digester lining 蒸煮锅衬里digester liquor 蒸煮液digester neck 蒸煮锅锅颈digester operater 蒸煮锅生产能力digester relief （蒸煮锅）放气；放气管路digester room 蒸煮车间digester shell 蒸煮锅锅壳，锅壁digester side relief 蒸煮锅侧面放气管路digester silo 蒸煮锅顶料仓digester steaming 蒸煮锅通汽digester tile 耐酸砖digester top relief 蒸煮锅锅顶放气digester yield 蒸煮得率，粗浆得率digesterman 蒸煮工digesting 蒸煮digestion 蒸煮digestion liquor 蒸煮液digestion operating curve 蒸煮曲线digestion time 蒸煮时间digger 挖浆机digging machine 挖浆机digging of pulp 挖浆digital computer 数字计算机digital speed/draw system 车速和牵引力的数字控制系统digital system 数字系统digitrac 数字控制器dihydro-abietic acid 二氢化松香酸di-isocyanate 二异氰酸盐dilatancy 膨胀性能dilatant 膨胀剂diluent 稀释剂dilute 稀释dilute acid 稀酸dilute solution 稀溶液dilution 稀释dilution factor 稀释因子dilution water 稀释（用）水dilution well 稀释槽。
微生物专业英语
微生物专业英语2020.2.241、微生物：microorganism [ˌmaɪkroʊˈɔːrɡənɪzəm]释：微生物小的鲜活生物，只有使用显微镜才能看到。
A microorganism is a very small living thing which can only be seen by a microscope.2、固体废弃物：(solid waste)[ˈsɑːlɪd]释：一般所说的垃圾，是人类新陈代谢排泄物和消费品消费后的废弃物品。
Generally speaking, soild waste is the waste products of human metabolism and consumer products after consumption.3、浸出：leach [liːtʃ]释：浸出是通过溶剂从固体中提取可溶性成分的过程。
Leaching is the process of extracting a soluble constituent from a solid by means of a solvent.4、油污泥：oily sludges[slʌdʒ]5、市政污泥civil sludge/ municipal sludge释：主要指来自污水厂的污泥Mainly refers to sludge from sewage plants6、土壤改良：soil improvement释：针对土壤的不良质地和结构，采取相应的物理、生物或化学措施，改善土壤性状，提高土壤肥力，增加作物产量，以及改善人类生存土壤环境的过程。
Soil improvement is the process of taking appropriate physical, biological, or chemical measures to improve soil properties, soil fertility, crop yields, and improving the soil environment of human existence in response to the poor texture and structure of the soil.句子：一、目的研究微生物-植物联合对稠油污染土壤的修复效果，为石油污染土壤生物修复技术的应用提供依据。
微生物学英语词汇（2）_生物化学英语词汇
辅酶 m coenzyme m 微量营养 micronutrient特需营养要求型 idiotroph微[量]动[力]作用 oligodynamic action 抗代谢物 antimetabolites索状因子 cord factor异株克生物质 allelopathic substances 光能无机营养 photolithotrophy光能有机营养 photoorganotrophy化能无机营养 chemolithotrophy化能有机营养 chemoorganotrophy 光营养 phototrophy兼性营养 amphitrophy腐生营养 saprophytic nutrition甲基营养 methylotrophy化能营养 chemotrophy自养 autotrophy光能自养 photoautotrophy化能自养 chemoautotrophy半自养 mesotrophy异养 heterotrophy氮平衡 nitrogen balance碳平衡 carbon balance磷平衡 phosphorus balance同化作用 assimilation异化作用 dissimilation氨化作用 ammonification硝化作用 nitrification反硝化作用 denitrification固氮作用 nitrogen fixation非共生固氮作用 asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 光同化作用 photo-assimilation巴氏效应 pasteur effect葡萄糖效应 glucose effect种间分子氢转移 interspecies h transfer发酵 fermentation发酵[能]力 fermentation capacity可发酵性 fermentability同型发酵 homofermentation异型发酵 heterofermentation厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸 anaerobic respiration厌氧生活 anaerobiosis需氧呼吸 aerobic respiration需氧生活 aerobiosis反馈抑制 feed back inhibition内源变量 endogenenous variable异养潜能 heterotrophic potential溶菌丝作用 hypholytic action溶菌作用 bacteriolysis费氏[溶菌]现象 pfeiffer's phenomenon自溶[现象] autolysis裂殖 schizogenesis芽殖 budding二分分裂 binary fission不等分裂 unequal fission断裂 fragmentation复分裂 multiple fission隐蔽期 eclipse period比生长速率 specific growth rate同步生长 synchronous growth双峰生长曲线 diauxie growth curve延滞期 lag phase一步生长[曲线] one step growth时间-存活曲线 time-survival curve倍增时间 doubling time指数生长 exponential growth衰亡期 decline phase稳定期 stationary phase对数期 log phase时间节律 temporal rhythm隐生现象 cryptobiosis休眠 dormancy衰老型 involution form静息细胞 resting cell光复活作用 photoreactivation交叉复活 cross reactivation热[致]死时 thermal death time热[致]死点 thermal death point原生质体再生 protoplast regeneration [噬菌体]接合分裂 conjugate division [噬菌体]裂解阻抑 lysis inhibition[噬菌体]裂解量 burst size[噬菌体]生产性感染 productive infection [噬菌体]自愈 curing病毒复制 replication of virus复制周期 replicative cycle裂解周期 lytic cycle[病毒]侵入 penetration病毒入胞现象 viropexis[病毒]脱壳 uncoating[病毒]装配 assembly蚀斑 plaque蚀斑形成单位 plaque forming unit,pfu成斑效率 efficiency of plating强毒株 virulent strain[狂犬病]固定毒 fixed virus[狂犬病]街毒 street virus病毒抑制作用 viral inhibition病毒诱导 virus induction[流感病毒]α抑制物α-inhibitor[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物 chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor 干扰素 interferon干扰[现象] interference溶原化 lysogenization溶原性 lysogeny溶原现象 lysogenesis抗生素 antibiotic阿克拉霉素 aclacinomycin放线酮 actidione, cycloheximide放线菌素 actinomycin阿霉素 adriamycin氨丁苷菌素 ambutyrosin7-氨基头孢菌酸 7-aminocephalosporinic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸 6-aminopenicillanic acid两性霉素 amphotericin安丝菌素 ansamitocin抗蠕霉素 anthelmycin抗霉素 antimycin阿泊拉霉素 apramycin除疟霉素 aplasmomycin曲霉菌素 aspergillin除虫菌素 avermectin杆菌肽 bacitracin双环霉素 bicyclomycin杀稻瘟素 blasticidin博来霉素 bleomycin丁苷菌素 butirosin, butyrosin杀假丝菌素 candicidin卷曲霉素 capreomycin, capromycin腐霉素 carriomycin洋红霉素 carminomycin天青菌素 celesticetin头孢菌素 cephalosporin氯霉素 chloromycetin, chloramphenicol 金霉素 chloroteracycline, aureomycin 色霉素 chromomycin创新霉素 chuangxinmycin棒酸 clavulanic acid氯林肯霉素 clindamycin粘菌素 colistin鬼伞菌素 coprinin蛹虫草菌素 cordycepin香菇菌素 cortinellin环孢菌素 cyclosporin环丝氨酸 cycloserine松胞菌素 cytochalasin胞霉素 cytomycin道诺霉素 daunomycin越霉素 destomycin偏端霉素 distamycin红霉素 erythromycin抑酯酶素 esterastin扁枝衣霉素 everninomicin间型霉素 formycin健霉素 fortimicin磷霉素 fosfomycin, phosphonomycin 镰孢菌酸 fusarinic acid艮他霉素 gentamicin胶霉毒素 gliotoxin谷氏菌素 gougerotin短杆菌肽 gramicidin灰霉素 grisein灰黄霉素 griseofulvin除莠菌素 herbicidin除莠霉素 herbimycin全霉素 holomycin潮霉素 hygromycin岛霉素 ilamycin天神霉素 istamycin双氢除虫菌素 ivermectin交沙霉素 josamycin卡那霉素 kanamycin春日霉素 kasugamycin柱晶白霉素 leucomycin林可霉素 lincomycin美登素 maytenin酒霉素 methymycin光神霉素 mithramycin丝裂霉素 mitomycin莫能菌素 monensin菌霉素 mycomycin霉酚酸 mycophenolic acid麦迪霉素 mydecamycin, midecamycin 暗霉素 nebramycin新霉素 neomycin纺锤菌素 netropsin诺卡菌素 nocardin新生霉素 novobiocin制霉菌素 nystatin竹桃霉素 oleandomycin蛇孢菌素 ophiobollin展青霉素 patulin青霉酸 penicillic acid青霉素 penicillin多氧菌素 polyoxin多粘菌素 polymyxin灵菌红素 prodigiosin制反转录酶素 revistin核糖霉素 ribostamycin, vistamycin利福霉素 rifamycin龟裂杀菌素 rimocidin瑞斯托菌素 ristocetin蔷薇霉素 rosamicin红比霉素 rubidomycin相模霉素 sagamicin盐霉素 salinomycin肉瘤霉素 sarkomycin制唾酸酶素 siastatin紫苏霉素 sisomicin壮观霉素 spectinomycin, actinospectacin 螺旋霉素 spiramycin链霉素 streptomycin链黑菌素 streptonigrin链丝菌素 streptothricin枯草菌素 subtilin杀鱼菌素 teleocidin土霉素 terramycin, oxytetracycline四环素 tetracycline噻烯霉素 thienamycin硫藤黄素 thiolutin妥布拉霉素 tobramycin木霉菌素 trichodermin抗滴虫霉素 trichomycin衣霉素 tunicamycin泰乐菌素 tylosin焦曲菌素 ustin有效霉素 validamycin缬氨霉素 valinomycin, aminomycin万古霉素 vancomycin疣孢菌素 verrucarine优胜霉素 victomycin紫霉素 viomycin巴龙霉素 paromomycin遗传转化 genetic transformation供体 donor受体 recipient转化体 transformant感受态 competence光滑型 smooth type粗糙型 rough type无性型 anamorph克隆 clone有性型 teleomorph异源性 heterology同源性 homology转导 transduction局限转导 restricted transduction转染 transfection溶原性转换 lysogenic conversion抗原性漂移 antigenic drift抗原性转变 antigenic shift高频重组 high frequency of recombination, hfr 重组 recombination接合[作用] conjugation重组体 recombinant互补 complementation杂合[现象] heterozygosis重组子 recon接合阶段 zygophase接合 zygosis质粒 plasmid粘粒 cosmid噬粒 phasmid质粒不相容性 plasmid incompatibility相容性 compatibility致育因子 fertility factor性因子 sex factor大肠杆菌素生成因子 colicinogenic factor突变 mutation表型 phenotype环状染色体 ring chromosome基因型 genotype原养型 prototroph原养菌 prototrophic bacteria营养缺陷型 auxotroph多重营养缺陷型 polyauxotroph诱变 mutagenesis诱变剂 mutagen诱发变异 induced variation突变体 mutant渗漏突变体 leaky mutant条件突变株 conditional mutant条件致死 conditional lethal温敏突变株 temperature sensitive mutants半透明型突变噬斑 cococarde噬斑突变株 plaque mutants宿主范围突变株 host range mutant扇形突变 secter mutationh-o 变异 h-o variation弱毒株 low virulent strain减毒株 attenuated strain凝固酶因子 coagulase factor耐药[性决定]因子 resistance determining factor 耐药性转移因子 resistance transfer factor, rtf 抗药性 drug-resistance抗药因子 resistance factor抗药基因 drug resistant gene抗药性菌株 drug resistant strain基因簇 gene cluster复制 replication启动子 promotor操纵子 operon单形现象 monomorphism双态现象 dimorphism多形现象 polymorphism干扰缺损颗粒 defective interfering particle 重分配 redistribution表型混杂 phenotypic mixing基因转移 gene transfer原生质体融合 protoplast fusion趋合子性 zygotaxis向合子性 zygotropism兔化毒 lapinized virus缺损病毒 defective virus[病毒]缺损突变株 defective mutant[流感病毒]o-d相变异 o-d variation病毒基因 virogene[病毒]早期基因 early genes[病毒]晚期基因 late genes微生物生态系统 microbial ecosystem趋化性 chemotaxis趋氧性 aerotaxis趋光性 phototaxis向化性 chemotropism向氧性 oxytropism向光性 phototropism内共生 endosymbiosis捕食作用 predation拮抗作用 antagonism初级合作 protocooperation共生 symbiosis互利共栖 mutualism偏害共栖 amensalism偏利共栖 commensalism互养共栖 syntrophism兢争[共栖] competition寄生 parasitism无关共栖 neutralism卫星现象 satellitism协同共栖 synergism异种克生[现象] allelopathy代谢共栖 metabiosis共生生物 symbiont聚生体 consortium伴生种 companions致坏死寄生物 necroparsite根际微生物 rhizospheric microorganism 叶际微生物 phyllospheric microorganism 悉生生物 gnotobiote腐生现象 saprophytism分解者 decomposer含菌细胞 mycetosome嗜狭高温生物 stenothermophiles广温微生物 eurythermal microorganism 狭温微生物 stenothermal microorganisms 暂居微生物 transient microbe原生演替 primary succession次生演替 secondary succession异养演替 heterotrophic succession自养演替 autotrophic succession顶极群落 climax community菌群 flora区系 flora微生物区系 microflora土著菌群 indigenous flora土著区系 indigenous flora菌群失调 dysbacteriosis水华 blooms生物量 biomass生物质 biomass生物圈 biosphere前发酵 primary fermentation后发酵 secondary fermentation浅盘发酵 shallow tray fermentation深层发酵 submerged fermentation固态发酵 solid state fermentation液态发酵 liquid state fermentation主发酵 main fermentation连续发酵 continuous fermentation半连续[型]发酵 semicontinuous fermentation [罐]批发酵 batch fermentation敞口发酵 open fermentation上面发酵 top fermentation下面发酵 bottom fermentation上面酵母 top yeast下面酵母 bottom yeast阿明露法 amylo process酿造 brewing酿造技术 brewing technique陈酿化 aging发酵罐 fermenter种子罐 seeding tank手动气锁 manual airlock自动气锁 automatic airlock超滤膜 ultrafiltration membrane超滤法 ultrafiltration消泡剂 antifoam agent醋化作用 acetification酸化作用 acidification糖化作用 saccharification糖化剂 sacchariferous agents曲 qu(raw starter)大曲 daqu (massive raw stater for alcholic liquor) 小曲 xiaoqu(raw starter complex)日本酒曲 koji麸曲 bran koji液体曲 liquid koji起子 starter, culture starter酒母 seeding yeast活性干酵母 active dry yeast单细胞蛋白 single cell protein, scp菌丝球 mycelium pellet活性污泥 activated sludge醪液 mash固定化细胞 immobilized cell共固定化作用 co-immobilization酸败 spoilage平[罐]酸败 flat-sour spoilage平罐酸败菌 flat sour bacteria需氧量 oxygen requirement生物致劣 deterioration微生物传感器 microbial sensor微生物浸矿 microbial leaching微生物杀虫剂 microbial pesticide 病毒杀虫剂 viral pesticide根瘤 root nodule菌根 mycorrhiza根瘤菌剂 nitragin植物杀菌素 phytocidin昆虫病原微生物 entomopathogen [蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病 foulbrood固氮菌剂 azotogen亚麻浸渍 flax retting生物防治 biological control沤麻 retting青贮饲料 silage沼气 biogas无菌植物 germ-free plant侵染 infection侵染性 infectivity侵染中心 infectious center侵染剂量 infective dose, id病毒尿症 viruria病毒血症 viremia菌血症 bacteremia食物中毒 food poisoning真菌中毒 mycetism标准血清 standard serum混合分型血清 pooled typing serum抗血清 antiserum抗白喉血清 antidiphtheric serum结核菌素反应 tuberculin reaction卡介苗 bcg vaccine抗毒素 antitoxin旧结核菌素 old tuberculin, ot结核菌素单位 tuberculin unit, tu致热原 pyrogen病原体 pathogen带[病]毒者 carrier带菌者 carrier感染 infection传染 infection原发性感染原 primary invader继发性感染原 secondary invader机会致病菌 opportunistic pathogen条件致病菌 conditioned pathogen正常菌群 normal flora感染性 infectivity感染中心 infectious center攻击力 aggressivity侵袭力 invasiveness皮肤坏死毒素 dermatonecrotoxin毒素 toxin毒力 virulence感染剂量 infective dose, id半感染剂量 infectious dose 50%, id 50半数组织培养感染量 50% tissue culture infective dose, tcid 50 致病性 pathogenicity致细胞病变[效应] cytopathic effect, cpe半数致死量 50% lethal dose, ld 50细菌毒力 bacterial virulence神经毒力 neurovirulence类毒素 toxoid神经毒性 neurotoxicity最小感染量 minimal infecting dose, mid最小抑菌浓度 minimal inhibitory concentration, mic 最小致死量 minimal lethal dose, mld生物制品 biological products鞭毛抗原 flagellar antigen菌体抗原 o antigen[细菌]包被抗原 envelope antigen菌苗 bacterial vaccine疫苗 vaccine活疫苗 live vaccine活菌苗 live bacterial vaccine单价疫苗 univalent vaccine单价菌苗 univalent bacterial vaccine多价菌苗 polyvalent bacterial vaccine多价疫苗 polyvalent vaccine三联疫苗 triple vaccine联合疫苗 combined vaccine亚单位菌苗 subunit bacterial vaccine亚单位疫苗 subunit vaccine兔化法 lapinization减毒作用 attenuation自身疫苗 autovaccine自身菌苗 autovaccine菌苗疗法 vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy化学疗法 chemotherapy疫苗疗法 vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy 疫苗再接种 revaccination再接种 reinoculation自身接种 autoinoculationvi 抗原 vi antigen乙型肝炎核心抗原 hbcag乙型肝炎表面抗原 hbsag扩散因子 spreading factor乙型肝炎e抗原 hbeag溶血[作用] haemolysis[抗菌素的]协同作用 synergism抑菌作用 bacteriostasis杀芽孢剂 sporicide杀病毒剂 virucide抗溶[菌]素 antilysin杀菌剂 germicides消毒剂 disinfectant抑菌剂 bacteriostat抗微生物剂 antimicrobial agent抗菌剂 antibacterial agent抗真菌剂 antifungal agent杀细菌剂 bactericide杀真菌剂 mycocide抑真菌剂 fungistat消毒 disinfection腐败 putrefaction防腐 antisepsis石炭酸系数 phenol coefficient药物敏感性 drug susceptibility防腐剂 antiseptic大肠菌类 coliform group大肠[杆]菌值 colititre大肠[杆]菌指数 coli-index指示菌 indicator显微肥达氏凝集试验 microscopic widal agglutination test敏化细菌 sensitized bacteria无特定病原动物 specific pathogen free animals, spfa无菌动物 germ-free animal硫磺[样]颗粒 sulfur granule显微镜 microscope双目显微镜 binocular microscope倒置显微镜 invert microscope明视野显微镜 bright field microscope暗视野 dark-field暗视野显微镜 dark-field microscope暗视野显微术 dark-field microscopy相差显微镜 phase contrast microscope[分辨]干涉差显微镜differential interference contrast microscope, dicm荧光显微镜 fluorescence microscope电[子显微]镜 electron microscope透射电[子显微]镜 transmission electron microscope, tem扫描电[子显微]镜 scanning electron microscope, sem超薄切片术 ultramicrotomy超薄切片 ultrathin section目镜 ocular物镜 objective透镜 lens补偿目镜 compensative eyepiece消色差透镜 achromatic lens全消色差透镜 apochromatic lens低倍物镜 low power objective高倍物镜 high power objective油浸物镜 oil immersion objective显微镜集光器 microscope condenser镜台测微计 stage micrometer目镜测微计 ocular micrometer显微操作 micromanipulation显微操作器 micromanipulator盖玻片 cover glass载玻片 slide凹玻片 concave slide香柏油 cedar oil涂片 smear悬滴法 hanging drop method热固定 heat fixation镜检 microscopic examination分辨率 resolving power放大率 magnification染色法 staining染色反应 staining reaction负染[色法] negative staining鉴别染色法 differential staining对染[法] counterstaining两极染色 bipolar staining萋-尼染色法 ziehl-neelsen staining method 抗酸细菌染色法 acid-fast staining革兰氏染色 gram staining赖夫松鞭毛染色 leifson's flagella staining 墨汁荚膜染色 india-ink capsule staining阿氏染色 albert's staining麦氏[立克次氏体]染色 macchiavello's staining瑞氏染色 wright's staining富尔根染色 feulgen staining染色剂 stain鲁戈氏碘液 lugol's iodine solution吕氏甲烯蓝 loeffler's methylene blue石炭酸品红 carbol fuchsin孔雀石绿溶液 malachite green solution柯斯特染料 koester's stain培养基 medium营养琼脂 nutrient agar营养肉汤 nutrient broth远藤培养基 endo's medium沙氏葡萄糖琼脂 sabouraud's dextrose agar吕氏血清培养基 loeffler's serum medium伊红甲烯蓝琼脂 emb agar沙门-志贺氏琼脂 salmonella-shigella agar, s.s.agar麦氏培养基 macconkey medium庖肉培养基 cooked meat medium马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂 potato dextrose agar, pda豆芽汁培养基 bean sprouts medium[蛋白]胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium分离培养基 isolation medium鉴别培养基 differential medium富集培养基 enrichment medium基础培养基 basic medium确定成分培养基 defined medium合成培养基 synthetic medium半合成培养基 semisynthetic medium液体培养基 liquid medium半固体培养基 semisolid medium固体培养基 solid medium滋养培养基 enriched medium生化培养基 biochemical medium完全培养基 complete medium干燥培养基 dehydrated medium天然培养基 natural medium选择性培养基 selective medium平板 plate聚硅酸盐平板 polysilicate plate梯度平板 gradient plate补加培养基 supplemented medium琼脂平板 agar plate琼脂 agar肉膏 meat extract牛肉膏 beef extract牛肉汁 beef broth麦芽汁 malt wort酵母汁 yeast water酵母膏 yeast extract paste酵母提取粉 yeast extract powder[水解]酪蛋白氨基酸 casamino acids [蛋白]胨 peptone琼脂斜面 agar slant杜氏发酵管 durham's fermentation tube 传代 transfer of culture分离 isolation划线[分离] streaking稀释平板分离法 dilution-plate method 无菌检查 sterility test无菌 sterile污染 contamination污染物 contaminant菌株 strain接种物 inoculum接种 inoculation, inoculating, inoculate 无菌操作 aseptic technique移种 culture transfering平板接种 plating穿刺 stab平板划线 plate streaking细胞系 cell line细胞株 cell strain培养 cultivation纯化 purification纯性培养 axenic cultivation纯培养 pure cultivation玻片培养 slide cultivation穿刺培养 stab cultivation传代培养 subculturing分部培养[法] fractional cultivation分批培养 batch cultivation滚管培养法 rolling tube cultivation滚管技术 rolling tube technique混合培养 mixed cultivation划线培养 streak cultivation静止培养 static cultivation连续培养 continuous cultivation倾注培养[法] pour plate method平板培养 plate cultivation肉汤培养 broth cultivation深层培养 submerged cultivation双相培养 biphasic cultivation同步培养 synchronous cultivation 透析培养 dialysis cultivation涂布培养法 spread plate method 协同培养 co-cultivation斜面培养 slant cultivation需氧培养 aerobic cultivation厌氧培养 anaerobic cultivation摇合培养 shake cultivation原位培养 in situ cultivation振荡培养 shake cultivation组织培养 tissue culture盲传 blind passage影印培养法 replica plating开放生长系统 open growth system 封闭生长系统 closed growth system 培养物 culture玻片培养物 slide culture穿刺培养物 stab culture传代培养物 subculture纯性培养物 axenic culture纯培养物 pure culture划线培养物 streak culture混合培养物 mixed culture平板培养物 plate culture划线平板 streak plate肉汤培养物 broth culture斜面培养物 slant culture原始培养物 primary culture老培养物 old culture模式培养物 type culture储用培养物 stock culture冻干[保藏]法 lyophilization深低温保藏[法] cryopreservation液氮保藏[法] liquid nitrogen cryopreservation 鉴定 identification灭菌 sterilization灭菌器 sterilizer高压灭菌器 autoclave干热灭菌 dry heat sterilization高压灭菌 autoclaving间歇灭菌法 tyndallization过滤除菌 filtration sterilization连续灭菌 continuous sterilization烧灼灭菌 incineration巴氏消毒法 pasteurization曼德勒尔滤器 mandler filter赛氏[细菌]滤器 seitz filter素陶滤菌器 unglazed porcelain filter薄膜滤器 membrane filter微孔滤器 millipore filter流通蒸汽灭菌器 arnold steam sterilizor弗氏[细胞]压碎器 french cell pressx[细胞]压碎器 x press接种针 inoculating needle接种环 inoculating loop涂布器 spreader超净台 super clean bench接种箱 inoculation hood培养箱 incubator恒浊器 turbidostat恒化器 chemostat烛罐 candle jar厌氧培养室 anaerobic chamber培养皿 petri dish培养瓶 culture flask克氏瓶 kolle flask冯巴赫瓶 fernbach flask稀释法 dilution method生长谱测定[法] auxanography生长谱 auxanogram抗生谱 antibiotic spectrum杯碟法 cylinder plate method牛津杯 oxford cup菌落计数器 bacterial colony counter最大机率法 most probable number method, mpnm 最大机率数 most probable number, mpn效价 titer硝酸盐还原试验 nitrate reduction test明胶液化 gelatine liquefication硫化氢试验 hydrogen sulfide production test石蕊牛奶 litmus milk柯氏氧化酶试剂 kovac's oxidase reagent柯氏试剂 kovac's reagent氧化酶试验 oxidase test吲哚试验 indole test科氏试验 kolmer test甲基红试验 methyl red test伏-波试验 voges-proskauer test吲哚、甲基红、v-p、柠檬酸试验 imvic test蓝氏链球菌分群试验 lancefield's streptococcal grouping test gc值 gc values甲烯蓝还原试验 methylene blue reduction test荚膜膨胀试验 quellung test[马]鼻疽菌素试验 mallein test痘疱试验 pock assay埃姆斯试验 ames test临界杀菌浓度 critical killing dilution中和试验 neutralization test毒素中和试验 toxin neutralization test菌落形成单位 colony forming units, cfu生物测定 bioassay氯化三苯基四氮唑法triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method, ttcm血清学特异性 serological specificity血清学鉴定 serological identification免疫粘连血凝测定immune adherence hemagglutination assay, iaha溶血试验 hemolytic test血细胞凝集 hemagglutination, ha血细胞吸附 hemadsorption, hd血凝抑制 hemagglutination inhibition溶[细]菌反应 bacteriolytic reaction体外 in vitro体内 in vivo。
环境科学与工程专业英语第三版钟理课文翻译3.16
环境工程专业英语钟理翻译第三部分水及废水处理第十六单元废水的生物处理法（1）微生物降解和去除工业废水以及城市废水中的不希望存在的成分的应用，并不是一个新的概念。
它是一般废水处理活动的常用过程，而且已经使用了许多年。
随着我们认识到化学品对于环境的污染，许多关于有毒化学物的生物降解方面的研究便出现了。
在这些处理技术之中，生物降解是最有效的。
通过废水的生物处理法，跟其他化学和热处理过程联合使用，使得其在管理方面的应用得以提高。
活化的生物过滤池生物过滤池为第一阶段，随后活性污泥池为第二阶段，之后是沉淀池。
污泥会循环到生物膜阶段和活性污泥池。
这种方式结合了生物膜和悬浮生长的特性。
活性污泥活性污泥过程是一种典型的悬浮生长的生物处理系统，是用于处理有机和工业废水的最广泛的生物处理过程。
然而，它只能处理含有小于1%悬浮固体的有机废水流，但不能承受浓缩的有机物的冲击式负荷。
因此，加入这个工序的废水流通常是必须经过包含沉淀池(初沉池)和调节池的预处理过程。
初沉池用来处理沙砾、油和脂肪以及总固体物，而调节池则对废水流率的变化进行缓冲同时使活性污泥系统的有机负荷更加均匀。
活性污泥过程用来处理城市和工业废水，因为它们是丰富多样的、灵活的，以及通过调整工艺参数来达到一个我们所希望的水质出水。
这样来命名这个过程，是因为有氧的稳定化处理的废水中，能产生能大量的起作用的微生物。
基础工序有很多的版本，但它们基本上是相同的。
术语“活性污泥”是被应用于工序和在处理单元中生物固体两步的。
混合液悬浮固体或活性污泥，包含各种各样异养的微生物，例如细菌、原生动物、真菌和更大的微生物。
特殊微生物种的主导优势取决于被处理的废物及操作过程中的方法。
活性污泥法是当前最广泛使用的生物处理法。
这部分是基于生物质循环这一结果，生物质循环是整个工艺的一部分，它可以使微生物在相对较短的驯化时间内适应废水组分的变化，并能在较大程度上控制驯化菌的数量。
活性污泥系统包括调节池、沉淀池、曝气池，澄清池、和污泥回流过程。
生物工程专业英语期末复习资料
单词：metabolic 新陈代谢的，fossil fuel 化石燃料，degrade 降解，fiber 纤维，cotton 棉花，wool 羊毛，hygienic 卫生的detergent 清洁剂，antibiotics 抗生素，component 组分，biodegradability 生物可降解性，intrinsic 固有的，perturb 扰动，thermochemistry 热化学，Biocatalysis 生物催化，enzyme 酶，genetics 遗传学，methodology 方法学，cellular 细胞的，extracellular 胞外的，isotope 同位素，Biotin 生物素，antibiotic 抗生素，penicillin 青霉素,2-oxoglutarate a酮戊二酸，trigger 引发，Flux 通量，transformant 转化株，plasmid 质粒，homologous 同源的，heterologous 异源的deficient 缺陷的，strain 菌株，sensitivity 灵敏度，steady state 稳态，infinitesimal 无穷小的，activity 活力，，mechanism 机制，attenuation 衰减，perturbation紊乱，kinetic 动力学的，glutamate 谷氨酸，composition 组分，medium培养基，perculture 预培养，deionize 去除离子，vitamin 维生素，soybean大豆，protein蛋白质，hydrolysate 水解产物，cholramphenicol 氯霉素，Kanamaycin 卡那霉素，batch 间歇式，fermentor发酵罐，dissolve溶解，oxygen 氧，concerntration浓度，agitation搅拌，revolution 旋转，aeration通气，buffer缓冲液，Sonication 超声波破碎法，supernatant上层液，absorption光吸收值，Branch point 分支点，glucose 葡萄糖，normalize 规格化，consumption 消耗，growth phas 生长期，specific activity 比活力，coefficient 系数，upstream 上游的，lysine 赖氨酸，inoculate 接种，agar 琼脂，bacteriophage 噬菌体，facultative兼性的，assimilate 吸收，saccharide糖类，fructose 果糖，ethanol乙醇，methanol甲醇，glycerol甘油，urea尿素，peptone蛋白胨，copper铜，aqueous水的，eluent 洗脱液，Phosphate 磷酸盐，redox 氧化还原，，modification修饰，host寄主，intermediate 中间体，respiration呼吸，consumption消耗，kinase激酶，isomerase异构酶，bisphophate 二磷酸盐，mass balance质量平衡，genome基因组，genomic基因组的，glycolysis糖消解，high throughput高通量，sequence测序仪，evolutionary进化的，tag标记，transcription转录，transduction传导，array阵列，proteomice蛋白组学，affinity亲和力，counterpart 对照物，amino acid氨基酸，promoter启动子，ligate链接，vector载体，plasmid质粒，base pair碱基对，homology同源性，codon密码子，excise切割下，primer引物，region区段，amplificatio 扩增，transform转化，template模板，strand链，SDS-PAGE十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，ORF coding 开放阅读框架编码，polymer聚合物，sterilize消毒，inoculate接种，batch fermentation间歇式发酵，continuous fermentation连续是发酵，recombinant重组子，secretion分泌，variant变体，in situ 原地，in vivo体内，ribosome核糖体，interface界面，crosslinking交联，entrapment包埋，encapsulation胶囊化，residue残基，cationic阳离子的，culture broth培养液，stabilization 稳定，hydrolytic水解的，actone丙酮，aromatic芳香族的，sediment沉淀，chiral 手性，pesticide 杀虫剂，aseptic无菌的，impair削弱，atringent严厉，shelf life贮存期，continuous stirred tank reactor连续搅拌釜式反应器，vessel容器，foam breaker 消泡器，condensate冷凝水，cascade control级联控制，ratio control 比率控制，feed forward control 前馈控制，parameter参数，carbon dioxide二氧化碳，hydrophilic polymers亲水聚合物，aqueous水质的，tissue组织，carbohydrate碳水化合物，density 密度，solubility溶解度，extraction萃取，centrifugation离心，filtration过滤，solvent溶剂，solute溶质，membrane 膜，adsorption吸附，evaporation 蒸发，sublimation 升华，vaporisation气化，dehydration 脱水，distillation蒸馏，latent heat潜热，streamlined层流的，turbulent湍流的，hyperfiltration 超滤，dialysis透析，electrophoresis电泳，flocculation絮凝，flotation浮选，milling碾碎，lysis细胞裂解，lipophilic亲脂的，crystallization结晶，chromatographic层析法的，heterotrophic 异养的，lag phase迟滞期，exponential growth phase指数期，stationary phase稳定期，deathphase衰亡期，specific growth rate比生长速率课后习题：1.以间歇式操作方式培养大肠杆菌XN-1。
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1、某某菌生物降解/生物修复某某有机物 • Aerobic/Anaerobic Biodegradation/Bioremediation of DDT by a Pseudomonas Species • Biodegradation of persistent organochlorine by microorganism • Bioremediation of DDT by a Pseudomonas Specie 2、某某微生物具有降解某某有机物的能力(名词性词组) • A bacterial strain capable of degrading DDT • The ability of brown-rot fungi(BRF) to eliminate DDT 3、化学反应的机理 • 通过某种中间产物……经历了……最终生成了…… • The organism degraded DDT through the intermediate formation of 2,3-dihy-droxy-DDT, which undergoes/via metaring cleavage, ultimately yielding 4-chlorobenzoic • acid as a stable metabolite.
分类法 Taxonomy 形态学 Morphology 微生物生理学 Microbial physiology 鉴别染色-格兰氏染色 Differential stains-Gram stain 格兰氏阳性 Gram-positive 格兰氏阴性 Gram-negative
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4、用什么方法检测、监测 were detected by were analyzed by was assayed polarographically（用副词） The compounds were visualized under UV light at 254 nm. Phenolic compounds were detected by spraying with Gibb’s reagent. The metabolites were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC. Growth was monitored spectrophotometrically at 600 nm. DDT dioxygenase was assayed polarographically in a Gilson oxygraph with oxygen electrode. 2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase was assayed spectrophotometrically by measuring increase in absorbance at 432 nm. were recorded with/on+仪器厂家、型号 Mass spectra were recorded withJeol, MS-DX303 Mass spectrometer operated at 70 ev. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectra were recorded on a Bruker AMX-300MHz spectrometer with TMS as internal standard.
• 5、某某物理量用什么单位表达/表示 • Oxygen uptake was expressed as nmol of oxygen consumed min/mg of dry cells. • 某某物理量被定义为 • One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the amount required to catalyze the formation or consumption of 1umol of product or substrate per min. • 6、加入某种物质 • The addition of Fe2+ to the soil system
富集培养技术 纯培养 富氧条件 厌氧条件 分离和鉴定 微生物群落 灭菌的 未灭菌的 接种 烧瓶 肉汤 明胶 琼脂
enrichment culture technique pure culture aerobic conditions anaerobic conditions isolation and characterization microbial communities sterilized(SL) unsterilized(USL) inoculation Flask Broth Gelatin Agar
界 门 纲 目 科 属 种 Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 细菌 bacterium 真菌 fungi 生物降解 biodegradation 生物修复 bioremediation 持久性污染物 persistent environmental pollutant 持久性有机污染物 Persistent Organic Pollutants（POPs） 毒性、疏水性、生物富集 toxicity,hydrophobicity,bioaccumulation 代谢产物 metabolic products DDT转化实验 DDTs transformation experiments