定语从句和名词性从句的区别和练习复习进程
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定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
e.g. She is the girl who talked to me yesterday.
名词性从句(Noun Clauses)---主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在句中做主语、宾语、表语和同位语的成份。
e.g. I don’t know who she is. (宾语)
This is why I came here.(表语)
区别:
第一,定语从句有先行词,且先行词可以放入后面的从句中使从句完整;
名词性从句中的主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句没有先行词,同位语从句有先行词但在从句中不做成分。
e.g. The news that they told me excited me.
(the news可以放入从句中,使句子完整,即they told me the news)
The news that our team won excited me.
(the news无法放入从句中,所以是同位语从句)
第二,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
第三,最关键也是最重要的区别:
1.名词性从句和定语从句的最本质的不同点在于,前者在句子中做名词,而后者相当于形容词,修饰或限制名词或代词。名词性从句由that引导时,通常不充当从句的句子成分,故that 可省去。但定语从句由that引导时,如在从句中充当主语时,则that不能省去。
2.使用中最大的区别:定语从句由于在句子中只作定语,故去掉它,整个句子还完整,就像普通的句子去掉一个定语不影响原句的完整性一样。但名词性从句由于它们充当的是句子的骨干成分(主语,宾语或表语),故去掉它们,原句就不通了。如下面的A句,去掉了主语从句That he has become a rich man ,原句变成is known to all in our town。就失去了完整性。而B句,去掉定语从句部分that is on the desk后,原句变成The pen is mine还是通的。
A:That he has become a rich man is known to all in our town .
B:The pen that is on the desk is mine .
【各个击破】
名词性从句
1.He got angry with _______she said.
A.that B.which C.what D. all what
2.Can’t you find out ______ wrong with the TV set.
A.which B.that’s C.what’s D. where is
3. ______ they will have a good harvest this year is still unknown.
A.Whether B.If C.Which D. That
4.All the books are here.You may borrow _____ you like.
A.which B.that C.what D. whichever
5.The news _____ to Mount Tai during the summer holidays delighted all of us.
A.we would go B.which we would go C.that we would go D. would go 6.We could hardly understand _____.
A.what the man was talking about B.that the man was talking about
C.what was the man talking about D.the man was talking about what 7._____ is that I have promised to make friends with the dishonest girl.
A.The only thing what I regret B. What I regret most
C.All what I really regret most D. What that I regret most
8.______ she is living now is not known to anybody.
A.What B.When C.Where D. Why
9.This is _____ the river has been polluted.
A.what B.why C.that D. whether
10.That is ______ he was born.
A.what B.that C.where D. whether
定语从句
1.This is the factory ______ they visited the other day.
A.that B.where C.to which D.what
2.Jeanne was her old friend,_____ she borrowed a necklace.
A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom
3. This book is for the students _____ native language is not English.
A.that B.of whom C.whose D.who
4.Are you the man _____ bicycle was stolen?
A.who is B.whose C.his D.of which the
5. I don’t like the way ___ he spoke to me.
A. what
B. by which
C. by that
D. /
6. He makes good use of the time ______ he can spare.
A.that B.in which C.in that D.when
7.“Those _____ to see the new film write down your names,please.”
A.want B.who C.that wants D.who want
8. Xiao Huang,___ your good friend, will try her best to help you out.
A.who is B.who am C.that am D.what is
9. He has two Chinese-English dictionaries,____ were bought last week.
A.two of which B.both of which C.both of them D.all of whom 10.A saleswoman is _____ sells goods.
A.a thing that B.something that C.a woman who D.a woman what